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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beckman, Mary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1888-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Bedding and Linens ; *Behavior, Animal ; Female ; Male ; *Maternal Deprivation ; Mice ; *Mothers ; Mutation ; *Object Attachment ; Odors ; Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics/*physiology ; Vocalization, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1455-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/*cytology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Fusion ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa/chemistry/pathology ; Gastritis/microbiology/*pathology ; Helicobacter Infections/*pathology ; *Helicobacter felis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; Stomach Neoplasms/*pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1934.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asia/epidemiology ; Computer Simulation ; Condoms ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; *Models, Statistical ; Prevalence ; Prostitution ; Risk Factors ; Sexual Behavior ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):328.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology ; Brain/metabolism ; Catechol O-Methyltransferase/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Emotions ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Opioid Peptides/metabolism ; Pain/genetics/*physiopathology/*psychology ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/genetics/physiology ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-03-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 26;303(5666):1956.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines ; Female ; HIV Antibodies/*immunology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/*immunology ; HIV Infections/*immunology/*transmission/virology ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Heterosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; Neutralization Tests ; Zambia
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coplan, Paul M -- Mitchnick, Mark -- Rosenberg, Zeda F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1911-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA. PCoplan@ipm-microbicides.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Intravaginal ; Administration, Rectal ; Advisory Committees ; Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic ; Condoms ; *Drug Approval ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Financial Support ; *Government Regulation ; HIV/drug effects ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; Patient Selection ; Placebos ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: When humans are offered the choice between rewards available at different points in time, the relative values of the options are discounted according to their expected delays until delivery. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined the neural correlates of time discounting while subjects made a series of choices between monetary reward options that varied by delay to delivery. We demonstrate that two separate systems are involved in such decisions. Parts of the limbic system associated with the midbrain dopamine system, including paralimbic cortex, are preferentially activated by decisions involving immediately available rewards. In contrast, regions of the lateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex are engaged uniformly by intertemporal choices irrespective of delay. Furthermore, the relative engagement of the two systems is directly associated with subjects' choices, with greater relative fronto-parietal activity when subjects choose longer term options.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McClure, Samuel M -- Laibson, David I -- Loewenstein, George -- Cohen, Jonathan D -- AG05842/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH065214/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH132804/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):503-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology and Center for the Study of Brain, Mind, and Behavior, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. smcclure@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Basal Ganglia/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; *Decision Making ; Dopamine/physiology ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; Humans ; Limbic System/*physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; *Reward ; Time Factors
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: Benzene is known to have toxic effects on the blood and bone marrow, but its impact at levels below the U.S. occupational standard of 1 part per million (ppm) remains uncertain. In a study of 250 workers exposed to benzene, white blood cell and platelet counts were significantly lower than in 140 controls, even for exposure below 1 ppm in air. Progenitor cell colony formation significantly declined with increasing benzene exposure and was more sensitive to the effects of benzene than was the number of mature blood cells. Two genetic variants in key metabolizing enzymes, myeloperoxidase and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, influenced susceptibility to benzene hematotoxicity. Thus, hematotoxicity from exposure to benzene occurred at air levels of 1 ppm or less and may be particularly evident among genetically susceptible subpopulations.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1256034/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1256034/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lan, Qing -- Zhang, Luoping -- Li, Guilan -- Vermeulen, Roel -- Weinberg, Rona S -- Dosemeci, Mustafa -- Rappaport, Stephen M -- Shen, Min -- Alter, Blanche P -- Wu, Yongji -- Kopp, William -- Waidyanatha, Suramya -- Rabkin, Charles -- Guo, Weihong -- Chanock, Stephen -- Hayes, Richard B -- Linet, Martha -- Kim, Sungkyoon -- Yin, Songnian -- Rothman, Nathaniel -- Smith, Martyn T -- P30ES01896/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P30ES10126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42 ES004705/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42ES04705/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42ES05948/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01ES06721/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1774-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Air Pollutants, Occupational/*toxicity ; Benzene/*toxicity ; Blood Platelets/*drug effects ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1/genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Hematopoiesis/drug effects ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*drug effects ; Hemoglobins/analysis ; Humans ; Inhalation Exposure/*adverse effects ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes/*drug effects ; Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects ; Male ; Matched-Pair Analysis ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)/genetics ; Occupational Exposure/*adverse effects ; Peroxidase/genetics ; Platelet Count ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: Mammalian oocytes are held in prophase arrest by an unknown signal from the surrounding somatic cells. Here we show that the orphan Gs-linked receptor GPR3, which is localized in the oocyte, maintains this arrest. Oocytes from Gpr3 knockout mice resume meiosis within antral follicles, independently of an increase in luteinizing hormone, and this phenotype can be reversed by injection of Gpr3 RNA into the oocytes. Thus, the GPR3 receptor is a link in communication between the somatic cells and oocyte of the ovarian follicle and is crucial for the regulation of meiosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mehlmann, Lisa M -- Saeki, Yoshinaga -- Tanaka, Shigeru -- Brennan, Thomas J -- Evsikov, Alexei V -- Pendola, Frank L -- Knowles, Barbara B -- Eppig, John J -- Jaffe, Laurinda A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1947-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center (UCHC), Farmington, CT 06032, USA. lmehlmann@neuron.uchc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Animals ; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/genetics/metabolism ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Female ; Granulosa Cells/physiology ; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; In Situ Hybridization ; Lectins, C-Type ; Ligands ; Luteinizing Hormone/metabolism ; *Meiosis ; Metaphase ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitosis ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Ovarian Follicle/*physiology ; RNA/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics/*physiology ; Versicans
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2004-04-24
    Description: The mechanisms controlling axon guidance are of fundamental importance in understanding brain development. Growing corticospinal and somatosensory axons cross the midline in the medulla to reach their targets and thus form the basis of contralateral motor control and sensory input. The motor and sensory projections appeared uncrossed in patients with horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS). In patients affected with HGPPS, we identified mutations in the ROBO3 gene, which shares homology with roundabout genes important in axon guidance in developing Drosophila, zebrafish, and mouse. Like its murine homolog Rig1/Robo3, but unlike other Robo proteins, ROBO3 is required for hindbrain axon midline crossing.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618874/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618874/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jen, Joanna C -- Chan, Wai-Man -- Bosley, Thomas M -- Wan, Jijun -- Carr, Janai R -- Rub, Udo -- Shattuck, David -- Salamon, Georges -- Kudo, Lili C -- Ou, Jing -- Lin, Doris D M -- Salih, Mustafa A M -- Kansu, Tulay -- Al Dhalaan, Hesham -- Al Zayed, Zayed -- MacDonald, David B -- Stigsby, Bent -- Plaitakis, Andreas -- Dretakis, Emmanuel K -- Gottlob, Irene -- Pieh, Christina -- Traboulsi, Elias I -- Wang, Qing -- Wang, Lejin -- Andrews, Caroline -- Yamada, Koki -- Demer, Joseph L -- Karim, Shaheen -- Alger, Jeffry R -- Geschwind, Daniel H -- Deller, Thomas -- Sicotte, Nancy L -- Nelson, Stanley F -- Baloh, Robert W -- Engle, Elizabeth C -- DC00162/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- DC05524/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- EY12498/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY13583/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY15298/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY15311/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- MH60233/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD 18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY008313/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY008313-14/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL066251/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 4;304(5676):1509-13. Epub 2004 Apr 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. jjen@ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Axons/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials, Motor ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata/growth & development/pathology ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Neural Pathways ; Ophthalmoplegia/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Pedigree ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rhombencephalon/*growth & development/pathology ; Scoliosis/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Syndrome
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 23;304(5670):501-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105467" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/genetics/physiology ; Japan ; Mice ; Mutation ; Oocytes/*physiology ; *Parthenogenesis ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics/physiology
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: A honey bee colony is characterized by high genetic diversity among its workers, generated by high levels of multiple mating by its queen. Few clear benefits of this genetic diversity are known. Here we show that brood nest temperatures in genetically diverse colonies (i.e., those sired by several males) tend to be more stable than in genetically uniform ones (i.e., those sired by one male). One reason this increased stability arises is because genetically determined diversity in workers' temperature response thresholds modulates the hive-ventilating behavior of individual workers, preventing excessive colony-level responses to temperature fluctuations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, Julia C -- Myerscough, Mary R -- Graham, Sonia -- Oldroyd, Benjamin P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):402-4. Epub 2004 Jun 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, Macleay Building A12, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. jjones@bio.usyd.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218093" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees/genetics/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Homeostasis ; Male ; Selection, Genetic ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Temperature
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: Stromal cells can have a significant impact on the carcinogenic process in adjacent epithelia. The role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling in such epithelial-mesenchymal interactions was determined by conditional inactivation of the TGF-beta type II receptor gene in mouse fibroblasts (Tgfbr2fspKO). The loss of TGF-beta responsiveness in fibroblasts resulted in intraepithelial neoplasia in prostate and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the forestomach, both associated with an increased abundance of stromal cells. Activation of paracrine hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling was identified as one possible mechanism for stimulation of epithelial proliferation. Thus, TGF-beta signaling in fibroblasts modulates the growth and oncogenic potential of adjacent epithelia in selected tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhowmick, Neil A -- Chytil, Anna -- Plieth, David -- Gorska, Agnieszka E -- Dumont, Nancy -- Shappell, Scott -- Washington, M Kay -- Neilson, Eric G -- Moses, Harold L -- AR41943/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- CA102162/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA68485/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA85492/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK46282/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):848-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764882" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Division ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells/*physiology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/*physiology ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/*etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Prostate/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia/etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Signal Transduction ; Stomach/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms/etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Stromal Cells/*physiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/*physiology
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: The prefrontal cortex is a higher brain region that regulates thought, behavior, and emotion using representational knowledge, operations often referred to as working memory. We tested the influence of protein kinase C (PKC) intracellular signaling on prefrontal cortical cognitive function and showed that high levels of PKC activity in prefrontal cortex, as seen for example during stress exposure, markedly impair behavioral and electrophysiological measures of working memory. These data suggest that excessive PKC activation can disrupt prefrontal cortical regulation of behavior and thought, possibly contributing to signs of prefrontal cortical dysfunction such as distractibility, impaired judgment, impulsivity, and thought disorder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Birnbaum, S G -- Yuan, P X -- Wang, M -- Vijayraghavan, S -- Bloom, A K -- Davis, D J -- Gobeske, K T -- Sweatt, J D -- Manji, H K -- Arnsten, A F T -- AG06036/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH068789/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):882-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Yale Medical School, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8001, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514161" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology ; Alkaloids ; Animals ; Benzophenanthridines ; Carbolines/pharmacology ; Electrophysiology ; Enzyme Activation ; Female ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Lithium Carbonate/pharmacology ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Memory/drug effects/*physiology ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Phenanthridines/pharmacology ; Prefrontal Cortex/enzymology/*physiology ; Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Physiological/physiopathology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Valproic Acid/pharmacology
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: The Day Reconstruction Method (DRM) assesses how people spend their time and how they experience the various activities and settings of their lives, combining features of time-budget measurement and experience sampling. Participants systematically reconstruct their activities and experiences of the preceding day with procedures designed to reduce recall biases. The DRM's utility is shown by documenting close correspondences between the DRM reports of 909 employed women and established results from experience sampling. An analysis of the hedonic treadmill shows the DRM's potential for well-being research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kahneman, Daniel -- Krueger, Alan B -- Schkade, David A -- Schwarz, Norbert -- Stone, Arthur A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1776-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Woodrow Wilson School and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activities of Daily Living ; Adult ; Affect ; Data Collection/*methods ; Exercise ; Female ; Friends ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Income ; Interpersonal Relations ; Leisure Activities ; *Life Change Events ; Marital Status ; *Personal Satisfaction ; Personality ; *Quality of Life ; Records as Topic ; Sleep ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Work
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):789.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Height ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Skeleton ; Skull/*anatomy & histology
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2004-07-17
    Description: For seasonally breeding vertebrates, reproductive cycling is often coupled with changes in vocalizations that function in courtship and territoriality. Less is known about changes in auditory sensitivity to those vocalizations. Here, we show that nonreproductive female midshipman fish treated with either testosterone or 17beta-estradiol exhibit an increase in the degree of temporal encoding of the frequency content of male vocalizations by the inner ear that mimics the reproductive female's auditory phenotype. This sensory plasticity provides an adaptable mechanism that enhances coupling between sender and receiver in vocal communication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sisneros, Joseph A -- Forlano, Paul M -- Deitcher, David L -- Bass, Andrew H -- 1F32DC00445/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- 5T32MH15793/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- DC00092/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):404-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. sisneros@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Auditory Threshold ; Batrachoidiformes/*physiology ; Estradiol/blood/*pharmacology ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Female ; Hair Cells, Auditory/physiology ; Hearing/*physiology ; Male ; Neurons, Afferent/drug effects/*physiology ; Phenotype ; Random Allocation ; Receptors, Estrogen/genetics/metabolism ; Reproduction ; Saccule and Utricle/drug effects/*innervation/physiology ; Seasons ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Testosterone/blood/*pharmacology ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve/physiology ; *Vocalization, Animal
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: Our ability to have an experience of another's pain is characteristic of empathy. Using functional imaging, we assessed brain activity while volunteers experienced a painful stimulus and compared it to that elicited when they observed a signal indicating that their loved one--present in the same room--was receiving a similar pain stimulus. Bilateral anterior insula (AI), rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), brainstem, and cerebellum were activated when subjects received pain and also by a signal that a loved one experienced pain. AI and ACC activation correlated with individual empathy scores. Activity in the posterior insula/secondary somatosensory cortex, the sensorimotor cortex (SI/MI), and the caudal ACC was specific to receiving pain. Thus, a neural response in AI and rostral ACC, activated in common for "self" and "other" conditions, suggests that the neural substrate for empathic experience does not involve the entire "pain matrix." We conclude that only that part of the pain network associated with its affective qualities, but not its sensory qualities, mediates empathy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singer, Tania -- Seymour, Ben -- O'Doherty, John -- Kaube, Holger -- Dolan, Raymond J -- Frith, Chris D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1157-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College of London, 12 Queen Square, WC1N 3AR London, UK. t.singer@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976305" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Brain Stem/physiology ; Cerebellum/physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Cues ; Electroshock ; *Empathy ; Female ; Gyrus Cinguli/physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus/physiology ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; *Pain ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Somatosensory Cortex/physiology
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2004-09-18
    Description: Epidemiological observations have led to the hypothesis that the risk of developing some chronic noncommunicable diseases in adulthood is influenced not only by genetic and adult life-style factors but also by environmental factors acting in early life. Research in evolutionary biology, developmental biology, and animal and human physiology provides support for this idea and suggests that environmental processes influencing the propensity to disease in adulthood operate during the periconceptual, fetal, and infant phases of life. This "developmental origins of health and disease" concept may have important biological, medical, and socioeconomic implications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gluckman, Peter D -- Hanson, Mark A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 17;305(5691):1733-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Liggins Institute, University of Auckland and National Research Centre for Growth and Development, 2-6 Park Avenue, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. pd.gluckman@auckland.ac.nz〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15375258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birth Weight ; *Chronic Disease ; Cues ; Disease/*etiology ; *Disease Susceptibility ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; *Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Life Style ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Risk Factors
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  • 20
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-09-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sodersten, Per -- Bergh, Cecilia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 3;305(5689):1401.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15353778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Anorexia Nervosa/*drug therapy ; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Serotonin/physiology ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2004-03-20
    Description: Many genes involved in Drosophila melanogaster innate immune processes have been identified, but whether naturally occurring polymorphism in these genes leads to variation in immune competence among wild flies has not been tested. We report here substantial variability among wild-derived D. melanogaster in the ability to suppress infection by a Gram-negative entomopathogen, Serratia marcescens. Variability in immune competence was significantly associated with nucleotide polymorphism in 16 innate immunity genes, corresponding primarily to pathogen recognition and intracellular signaling loci, and substantial epistasis was detected between intracellular signaling and antimicrobial peptide genes. Variation in these genes, therefore, seems to drive variability in immunocompetence among wild Drosophila.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lazzaro, Brian P -- Sceurman, Bonnielin K -- Clark, Andrew G -- AI46402/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1873-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, 4138 Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. bl89@cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Circadian Rhythm ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/*immunology/microbiology ; Epistasis, Genetic ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Genetic Markers ; *Genetic Variation ; Immunity, Innate/genetics ; Immunocompetence/*genetics ; Male ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Serratia marcescens/growth & development/*immunology
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: To achieve X-chromosome dosage compensation, organisms must distinguish X chromosomes from autosomes. We identified multiple, cis-acting regions that recruit the Caenorhabditis elegans dosage compensation complex (DCC) through a search for regions of X that bind the complex when detached from X. The DCC normally assembles along the entire X chromosome, but not all detached regions recruit the complex, despite having genes known to be dosage compensated on the native X. Thus, the DCC binds first to recruitment sites, then spreads to neighboring X regions to accomplish chromosome-wide gene repression. From a large chromosomal domain, we defined a 793-base pair fragment that functions in vivo as an X-recognition element to recruit the DCC.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Csankovszki, Gyorgyi -- McDonel, Patrick -- Meyer, Barbara J -- F32-GM065007/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37-GM30702/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1182-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3204, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Chromosomes/metabolism ; Cosmids ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Disorders of Sex Development ; *Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Female ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; X Chromosome/*metabolism
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: Topical agents, such as microbicides, that can protect against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission are urgently needed. Using a chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV SF162), which is tropic for the chemokine receptor CCR5, we report that topical application of high doses of PSC-RANTES, an amino terminus-modified analog of the chemokine RANTES, provided potent protection against vaginal challenge in rhesus macaques. These experimental findings have potentially important implications for understanding vaginal transmission of HIV and the design of strategies for its prevention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lederman, Michael M -- Veazey, Ronald S -- Offord, Robin -- Mosier, Donald E -- Dufour, Jason -- Mefford, Megan -- Piatak, Michael Jr -- Lifson, Jeffrey D -- Salkowitz, Janelle R -- Rodriguez, Benigno -- Blauvelt, Andrew -- Hartley, Oliver -- AI 36219/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 51649/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- N01-CO-124000/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):485-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals, 2061 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Intravaginal ; Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; *CCR5 Receptor Antagonists ; Chemokine CCL5/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/*therapeutic use ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Female ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/transmission ; HIV-1/drug effects ; Macaca mulatta ; Receptors, CCR5/metabolism ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control/transmission ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/drug effects/immunology ; Vagina/*virology
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2004-07-13
    Description: Erythropoietin (EPO) is both hematopoietic and tissue protective, putatively through interaction with different receptors. We generated receptor subtype-selective ligands allowing the separation of EPO's bioactivities at the cellular level and in animals. Carbamylated EPO (CEPO) or certain EPO mutants did not bind to the classical EPO receptor (EPOR) and did not show any hematopoietic activity in human cell signaling assays or upon chronic dosing in different animal species. Nevertheless, CEPO and various nonhematopoietic mutants were cytoprotective in vitro and conferred neuroprotection against stroke, spinal cord compression, diabetic neuropathy, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis at a potency and efficacy comparable to EPO.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leist, Marcel -- Ghezzi, Pietro -- Grasso, Giovanni -- Bianchi, Roberto -- Villa, Pia -- Fratelli, Maddalena -- Savino, Costanza -- Bianchi, Marina -- Nielsen, Jacob -- Gerwien, Jens -- Kallunki, Pekka -- Larsen, Anna Kirstine -- Helboe, Lone -- Christensen, Soren -- Pedersen, Lars O -- Nielsen, Mette -- Torup, Lars -- Sager, Thomas -- Sfacteria, Alessandra -- Erbayraktar, Serhat -- Erbayraktar, Zubeyde -- Gokmen, Necati -- Yilmaz, Osman -- Cerami-Hand, Carla -- Xie, Qiao-Wen -- Coleman, Thomas -- Cerami, Anthony -- Brines, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):239-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉H. Lundbeck A/S, 2500 Valby, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Binding Sites ; Cells, Cultured ; Diabetic Neuropathies/drug therapy ; Drug Design ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy ; Erythropoiesis ; Erythropoietin/*analogs & ; derivatives/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mutagenesis ; Nervous System Diseases/*drug therapy ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Erythropoietin/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord Compression/drug therapy ; Stroke/drug therapy ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: Endogenous opioid binding to micro receptors is hypothesized to mediate natural rewards and has been proposed to be the basis of infant attachment behavior. Here, we report that micro-opioid receptor knockout mouse pups emit fewer ultrasonic vocalizations when removed from their mothers but not when exposed to cold or male mice odors. Moreover these knockout pups do not show a preference toward their mothers' cues and do not show ultrasonic calls potentiation after brief maternal exposure. Results from this study may indicate a molecular mechanism for diseases characterized by deficits in attachment behavior, such as autism or reactive attachment disorder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moles, Anna -- Kieffer, Brigitte L -- D'Amato, Francesca R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1983-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology, Viale Marx 43, 00137 Roma, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Bedding and Linens ; *Behavior, Animal ; Cold Temperature ; Cues ; Female ; Genotype ; Male ; Maternal Behavior ; *Maternal Deprivation ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; *Mothers ; Mutation ; *Object Attachment ; Odors ; Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics/*physiology ; Reward ; Vocalization, Animal
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  • 26
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, Mark A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1891.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Awards and Prizes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Men ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Prejudice ; United States ; *Women
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  • 27
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stein, Zena -- Susser, Mervyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1890; author reply 1890.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15597431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Condoms ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Patient Selection ; Placebos ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/*ethics ; United States
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  • 28
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-05-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, Ingrid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):668.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15118136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cervix Uteri/*chemistry ; Collagen/analysis ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Humans ; Labor, Obstetric/*physiology ; Myometrium/*physiology ; *Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pregnancy
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  • 29
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: Diving mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, and humans develop dysbaric osteonecrosis from end-artery nitrogen embolism ("the bends") in certain bones. Sixteen sperm whales from calves to large adults showed a size-related development of osteonecrosis in chevron and rib bone articulations, deltoid crests, and nasal bones. Occurrence in animals from the Pacific and Atlantic oceans over 111 years made a pathophysiological diagnosis of dysbarism most likely. Decompression avoidance therefore may constrain diving behavior. This suggests why some deep-diving mammals show periodic shallow-depth activity and why gas emboli are found in animals driven to surface precipitously by acoustic stressors such as mid-frequency sonar systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, Michael J -- Early, Greg A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2215.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. mmoore@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Body Size ; Bone Density ; Bone Remodeling ; Bone and Bones/*pathology ; Decompression Sickness/complications/pathology/*veterinary ; *Diving ; Female ; Male ; Osteonecrosis/etiology/pathology/*veterinary ; Pacific Ocean ; *Whales/anatomy & histology/physiology
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  • 30
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):372.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Color ; Decision Making ; Female ; Male ; Pigmentation ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Songbirds/anatomy & histology ; Vocalization, Animal
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sternberg, Paul W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 30;303(5658):637-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Biology 156-29, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. pws@caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14752152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Helminth ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Morphogenesis ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Receptors, Notch ; *Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Vulva/cytology/growth & development/metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-09-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dennis, Phillip A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 3;305(5689):1401-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15353780" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics ; Breast Neoplasms/mortality ; Female ; Humans ; *Lung Neoplasms/mortality ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms/mortality ; *Research Support as Topic ; Tobacco
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2004-03-27
    Description: Heterosexual transmission accounts for the majority of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infections worldwide, yet the viral properties that determine transmission fitness or outgrowth have not been elucidated. Here we show, for eight heterosexual transmission pairs, that recipient viruses were monophyletic, encoding compact, glycan-restricted envelope glycoproteins. These viruses were also uniquely sensitive to neutralization by antibody from the transmitting partner. Thus, the exposure of neutralizing epitopes, which are lost in chronic infection because of immune escape, appears to be favored in the newly infected host. This reveals characteristics of the envelope glycoprotein that influence HIV-1 transmission and may have implications for vaccine design.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Derdeyn, Cynthia A -- Decker, Julie M -- Bibollet-Ruche, Frederic -- Mokili, John L -- Muldoon, Mark -- Denham, Scott A -- Heil, Marintha L -- Kasolo, Francis -- Musonda, Rosemary -- Hahn, Beatrice H -- Shaw, George M -- Korber, Bette T -- Allen, Susan -- Hunter, Eric -- AI-40951/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-51231/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- N01-85338/PHS HHS/ -- U01-AI-41530/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 26;303(5666):2019-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044802" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Cohort Studies ; Epitopes/immunology ; Female ; Genes, env ; Glycosylation ; HIV Antibodies/*immunology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/genetics/*immunology ; HIV Infections/*immunology/*transmission/virology ; HIV-1/genetics/*immunology/physiology ; Heterosexuality ; Humans ; Likelihood Functions ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neutralization Tests ; Prospective Studies ; Viral Load ; Zambia
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  • 34
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-04-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, Chris -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):207-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Female ; *Fertility ; Humans ; *Population Density ; Population Growth
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2004-03-20
    Description: A key question in evolutionary genetics is whether shared genetic mechanisms underlie the independent evolution of similar phenotypes across phylogenetically divergent lineages. Here we show that in two classic examples of melanic plumage polymorphisms in birds, lesser snow geese (Anser c. caerulescens) and arctic skuas (Stercorarius parasiticus), melanism is perfectly associated with variation in the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene. In both species, the degree of melanism correlates with the number of copies of variant MC1R alleles. Phylogenetic reconstructions of variant MC1R alleles in geese and skuas show that melanism is a derived trait that evolved in the Pleistocene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mundy, Nicholas I -- Badcock, Nichola S -- Hart, Tom -- Scribner, Kim -- Janssen, Kirstin -- Nadeau, Nicola J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1870-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. nim21@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Biological Evolution ; Birds/anatomy & histology/*genetics/physiology ; Color ; *Feathers ; Female ; Geese/anatomy & histology/genetics/physiology ; Gene Frequency ; Haplotypes ; Male ; Melanins/*analysis ; Melanocytes/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Pigmentation/*genetics ; *Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/chemistry/*genetics ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 36
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-07-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guy-Grand, Delphine -- Vassalli, Pierre -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):185-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite de Recherche et d'Expertise Antivirale, INSERM U277, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. guygrand@pasteur.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Lineage ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology/physiology ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Interleukins/biosynthesis ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/*immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Ligands ; Lymphoid Tissue/embryology/immunology ; Lymphotoxin-alpha/analysis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Immunological ; Mutation ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis/genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/genetics/metabolism ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/cytology/*immunology
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: Hypertension and dyslipidemia are risk factors for atherosclerosis and occur together more often than expected by chance. Although this clustering suggests shared causation, unifying factors remain unknown. We describe a large kindred with a syndrome including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and hypomagnesemia. Each phenotype is transmitted on the maternal lineage with a pattern indicating mitochondrial inheritance. Analysis of the mitochondrial genome of the maternal lineage identified a homoplasmic mutation substituting cytidine for uridine immediately 5' to the mitochondrial transfer RNA(Ile) anticodon. Uridine at this position is nearly invariate among transfer RNAs because of its role in stabilizing the anticodon loop. Given the known loss of mitochondrial function with aging, these findings may have implications for the common clustering of these metabolic disorders.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3033655/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3033655/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, Frederick H -- Hariri, Ali -- Farhi, Anita -- Zhao, Hongyu -- Petersen, Kitt Falk -- Toka, Hakan R -- Nelson-Williams, Carol -- Raja, Khalid M -- Kashgarian, Michael -- Shulman, Gerald I -- Scheinman, Steven J -- Lifton, Richard P -- MO1 RR-00125/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P50 HL-55007/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023686/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023686-01A1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023686-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023686-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023686-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK-49230/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK049230/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1190-4. Epub 2004 Oct 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15498972" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aging ; Anticodon ; Body Mass Index ; Cluster Analysis ; Cytidine ; *Extrachromosomal Inheritance ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/*genetics/physiopathology ; Hypertension/*genetics/physiopathology ; Magnesium/*blood/urine ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome X/genetics ; Middle Aged ; Mitochondria/*genetics/metabolism ; Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism/pathology ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology ; *Mutation ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; RNA/genetics ; RNA, Transfer, Ile/*genetics ; Syndrome ; Thymidine ; Uridine
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2004-01-13
    Description: During genetic recombination and the recombinational repair of chromosome breaks, DNA molecules become linked at points of strand exchange. Branch migration and resolution of these crossovers, or Holliday junctions (HJs), complete the recombination process. Here, we show that extracts from cells carrying mutations in the recombination/repair genes RAD51C or XRCC3 have reduced levels of HJ resolvase activity. Moreover, depletion of RAD51C from fractionated human extracts caused a loss of branch migration and resolution activity, but these functions were restored by complementation with a variety of RAD51 paralog complexes containing RAD51C. We conclude that the RAD51 paralogs are involved in HJ processing in human cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Yilun -- Masson, Jean-Yves -- Shah, Rajvee -- O'Regan, Paul -- West, Stephen C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 9;303(5655):243-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3LD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14716019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; DNA Repair ; DNA, Cruciform/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Female ; HeLa Cells ; Holliday Junction Resolvases/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes can cause a life-threatening systemic illness in humans. Despite decades of progress in animal models of listeriosis, much remains unknown about the processes of infection and colonization. Here, we report that L. monocytogenes can replicate in the murine gall bladder and provide evidence that its replication there is extracellular and intraluminal. In vivo bioluminescence imaging was employed to determine the location of the infection over time in live animals, revealing strong signals from the gall bladder over a period of several days, in diseased as well as asymptomatic animals. The data suggest that L. monocytogenes may be carried in the human gall bladder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hardy, Jonathan -- Francis, Kevin P -- DeBoer, Monica -- Chu, Pauline -- Gibbs, Karine -- Contag, Christopher H -- R01HD37543/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):851-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Female ; Gallbladder/*microbiology ; Gallbladder Diseases/*microbiology ; Listeria monocytogenes/genetics/*growth & development/isolation & ; purification/pathogenicity ; Listeriosis/*microbiology ; Liver/microbiology ; Luminescence ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mutation ; Spleen/microbiology ; Time Factors ; Virulence
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2004-07-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lund, Eiliv -- Engeset, Dagrun -- Alsaker, Elin -- Skeie, Gun -- Hjartaker, Anette -- Lundebye, Anne-Katrine -- Niebor, Evert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):477-8; author reply 477-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; *Diet ; Environmental Pollutants/analysis/toxicity ; Female ; *Fisheries ; *Food Contamination ; Humans ; Neoplasms/chemically induced/*epidemiology ; Norway ; Risk Assessment ; *Salmon
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2004-05-08
    Description: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a crucial mediator of inflammatory pain sensitization. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of a specific glycine receptor subtype (GlyR alpha3) by PGE2-induced receptor phosphorylation underlies central inflammatory pain sensitization. We show that GlyR alpha3 is distinctly expressed in superficial layers of the spinal cord dorsal horn. Mice deficient in GlyR alpha3 not only lack the inhibition of glycinergic neurotransmission by PGE2 seen in wild-type mice but also show a reduction in pain sensitization induced by spinal PGE2 injection or peripheral inflammation. Thus, GlyR alpha3 may provide a previously unrecognized molecular target in pain therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harvey, Robert J -- Depner, Ulrike B -- Wassle, Heinz -- Ahmadi, Seifollah -- Heindl, Cornelia -- Reinold, Heiko -- Smart, Trevor G -- Harvey, Kirsten -- Schutz, Burkhard -- Abo-Salem, Osama M -- Zimmer, Andreas -- Poisbeau, Pierrick -- Welzl, Hans -- Wolfer, David P -- Betz, Heinrich -- Zeilhofer, Hanns Ulrich -- Muller, Ulrike -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 7;304(5672):884-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15131310" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Dinoprostone/administration & dosage/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Female ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Glycine/metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Phosphorylation ; Posterior Horn Cells/*metabolism ; Receptors, Glycine/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission ; Transfection ; Zymosan
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2004-03-16
    Description: To what extent do all brains work alike during natural conditions? We explored this question by letting five subjects freely view half an hour of a popular movie while undergoing functional brain imaging. Applying an unbiased analysis in which spatiotemporal activity patterns in one brain were used to "model" activity in another brain, we found a striking level of voxel-by-voxel synchronization between individuals, not only in primary and secondary visual and auditory areas but also in association cortices. The results reveal a surprising tendency of individual brains to "tick collectively" during natural vision. The intersubject synchronization consisted of a widespread cortical activation pattern correlated with emotionally arousing scenes and regionally selective components. The characteristics of these activations were revealed with the use of an open-ended "reverse-correlation" approach, which inverts the conventional analysis by letting the brain signals themselves "pick up" the optimal stimuli for each specialized cortical area.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hasson, Uri -- Nir, Yuval -- Levy, Ifat -- Fuhrmann, Galit -- Malach, Rafael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1634-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15016991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Attention ; Auditory Cortex/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Emotions ; Face ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Motion Pictures as Topic ; Occipital Lobe/physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Temporal Lobe/physiology ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; *Visual Perception
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: Conflict monitoring by the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been posited to signal a need for greater cognitive control, producing neural and behavioral adjustments. However, the very occurrence of behavioral adjustments after conflict has been questioned, along with suggestions that there is no direct evidence of ACC conflict-related activity predicting subsequent neural or behavioral adjustments in control. Using the Stroop color-naming task and controlling for repetition effects, we demonstrate that ACC conflict-related activity predicts both greater prefrontal cortex activity and adjustments in behavior, supporting a role of ACC conflict monitoring in the engagement of cognitive control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerns, John G -- Cohen, Jonathan D -- MacDonald, Angus W 3rd -- Cho, Raymond Y -- Stenger, V Andrew -- Carter, Cameron S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):1023-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain Mapping ; *Cognition ; *Conflict (Psychology) ; Cues ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Gyrus Cinguli/*physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Reaction Time
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2004-09-09
    Description: Progress in gerontological research has been promoted through the use of numerous animal models, which have helped identify possible mechanisms of aging and age-related chronic diseases and evaluate possible interventions with potential relevance to human aging and disease. Further development of nonhuman primate models, particularly rhesus monkeys, could accelerate this progress, because their closer genetic relationship to humans produces a highly similar aging phenotype. Because the relatively long lives of primates increase the administrative and economic demands on research involving them, new emphasis has emerged on increasing the efficient use of these valuable resources through cooperative, interdisciplinary research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roth, George S -- Mattison, Julie A -- Ottinger, Mary Ann -- Chachich, Mark E -- Lane, Mark A -- Ingram, Donald K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 3;305(5689):1423-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, Intramural Research Program, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15353793" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Biomarkers ; Caloric Restriction ; Chronic Disease ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Heart Diseases/physiopathology/therapy ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Macaca mulatta/*physiology ; Male ; *Models, Animal ; Neoplasms/physiopathology/therapy
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2004-07-03
    Description: When we look at our hands, we immediately know that they are part of our own body. This feeling of ownership of our limbs is a fundamental aspect of self-consciousness. We have studied the neuronal counterparts of this experience. A perceptual illusion was used to manipulate feelings of ownership of a rubber hand presented in front of healthy subjects while brain activity was measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. The neural activity in the premotor cortex reflected the feeling of ownership of the hand. This suggests that multisensory integration in the premotor cortex provides a mechanism for bodily self-attribution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ehrsson, H Henrik -- Spence, Charles -- Passingham, Richard E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):875-7. Epub 2004 Jul 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. h.ehrsson@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15232072" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Body Image ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebellum/physiology ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Motor Cortex/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Proprioception ; Time Factors ; Touch ; Vision, Ocular
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rubin, Vera -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1891.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Awards and Prizes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Men ; *Prejudice ; *Science ; *Women
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  • 47
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):945.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15143251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Authorship ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Organism/*ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Ethics Committees, Research ; *Ethics, Research ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Research Support as Topic ; *Stem Cells ; Tissue Donors
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2004-01-13
    Description: Over a century ago, Freud proposed that unwanted memories can be excluded from awareness, a process called repression. It is unknown, however, how repression occurs in the brain. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify the neural systems involved in keeping unwanted memories out of awareness. Controlling unwanted memories was associated with increased dorsolateral prefrontal activation, reduced hippocampal activation, and impaired retention of those memories. Both prefrontal cortical and right hippocampal activations predicted the magnitude of forgetting. These results confirm the existence of an active forgetting process and establish a neurobiological model for guiding inquiry into motivated forgetting.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, Michael C -- Ochsner, Kevin N -- Kuhl, Brice -- Cooper, Jeffrey -- Robertson, Elaine -- Gabrieli, Susan W -- Glover, Gary H -- Gabrieli, John D E -- MH59940/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH62126/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 9;303(5655):232-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA. mcanders@darkwing.uoregon.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14716015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Cues ; Female ; Gyrus Cinguli/physiology ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Memory ; Mental Recall ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; *Repression, Psychology ; Retention (Psychology) ; Temporal Lobe/physiology
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2004-01-24
    Description: Mammalian sex chromosomes have undergone profound changes since evolving from ancestral autosomes. By examining retroposed genes in the human and mouse genomes, we demonstrate that, during evolution, the mammalian X chromosome has generated and recruited a disproportionately high number of functional retroposed genes, whereas the autosomes experienced lower gene turnover. Most autosomal copies originating from X-linked genes exhibited testis-biased expression. Such export is incompatible with mutational bias and is likely driven by natural selection to attain male germline function. However, the excess recruitment is consistent with a combination of both natural selection and mutational bias.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Emerson, J J -- Kaessmann, Henrik -- Betran, Esther -- Long, Manyuan -- GM-065429-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 23;303(5657):537-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, X/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, Duplicate ; Genetic Linkage ; Genome ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Introns ; Male ; Mice ; Monte Carlo Method ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Ovary/metabolism ; Pseudogenes/*genetics ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Retroelements/*genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Characteristics ; Testis/metabolism ; X Chromosome/*genetics
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2004-05-01
    Description: Uganda provides the clearest example that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is preventable if populations are mobilized to avoid risk. Despite limited resources, Uganda has shown a 70% decline in HIV prevalence since the early 1990s, linked to a 60% reduction in casual sex. The response in Uganda appears to be distinctively associated with communication about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) through social networks. Despite substantial condom use and promotion of biomedical approaches, other African countries have shown neither similar behavioral responses nor HIV prevalence declines of the same scale. The Ugandan success is equivalent to a vaccine of 80% effectiveness. Its replication will require changes in global HIV/AIDS intervention policies and their evaluation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stoneburner, Rand L -- Low-Beer, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):714-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Population Health Evaluation Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK. randstoneburner@netzero.net〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15118157" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Condoms ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Incidence ; Information Dissemination ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Prevalence ; *Risk Reduction Behavior ; Sexual Abstinence ; *Sexual Behavior ; Social Support ; Uganda/epidemiology
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  • 51
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herz, Barbara -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1910-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Developing Countries ; *Education ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Population Growth ; *Women
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  • 52
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zakon, Harold -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):349-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Neurobiology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA. h.zakon@mail.utexas.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Batrachoidiformes/*physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Ear, Inner/drug effects/*innervation/physiology ; Electric Fish/physiology ; Estrogens/*pharmacology/physiology ; Female ; Hair Cells, Auditory/physiology ; Hearing/*physiology ; Male ; Neurons, Afferent/*physiology ; Receptors, Estrogen/physiology ; Reproduction ; Sensory Receptor Cells/physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Testosterone/pharmacology/physiology ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve/physiology ; *Vocalization, Animal
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2004-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samet, Jonathan M -- DeMarini, David M -- Malling, Heinrich V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):971-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. jsamet@jhsph.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15143266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants/*toxicity ; Air Pollution/*adverse effects ; Animals ; DNA Damage ; Female ; Filtration/instrumentation ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; Industry ; Male ; Mice ; Mutagens/*toxicity ; Ontario ; Particle Size ; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/toxicity ; Pregnancy ; Spermatogonia/drug effects/physiology ; Stem Cells/drug effects/physiology ; Tandem Repeat Sequences
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  • 54
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hill, Geoffrey E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2201-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA. ghill@acesag.auburn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15619587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Carotenoids/*analysis ; Feathers/*chemistry/growth & development ; Female ; Hydrogen/*analysis ; Isotopes ; Life Cycle Stages ; Male ; *Molting ; Pigmentation ; *Reproduction ; Seasons ; Songbirds/growth & development/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: Instrumental conditioning studies how animals and humans choose actions appropriate to the affective structure of an environment. According to recent reinforcement learning models, two distinct components are involved: a "critic," which learns to predict future reward, and an "actor," which maintains information about the rewarding outcomes of actions to enable better ones to be chosen more frequently. We scanned human participants with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they engaged in instrumental conditioning. Our results suggest partly dissociable contributions of the ventral and dorsal striatum, with the former corresponding to the critic and the latter corresponding to the actor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Doherty, John -- Dayan, Peter -- Schultz, Johannes -- Deichmann, Ralf -- Friston, Karl -- Dolan, Raymond J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):452-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK. j.odoherty@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087550" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Basal Ganglia/*physiology ; Caudate Nucleus/*physiology ; Conditioning, Classical ; *Conditioning, Operant ; Female ; Humans ; Learning ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nucleus Accumbens/*physiology ; Probability ; Putamen/*physiology ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Reward
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2004-08-18
    Description: Vision relies on constancy mechanisms. Yet, these are little understood, because they are difficult to investigate in freely moving organisms. One such mechanism, translation invariance, enables organisms to recognize visual patterns independent of the region of their visual field where they had originally seen them. Tethered flies (Drosophila melanogaster) in a flight simulator can recognize visual patterns. Because their eyes are fixed in space and patterns can be displayed in defined parts of their visual field, they can be tested for translation invariance. Here, we show that flies recognize patterns at retinal positions where the patterns had not been presented before.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tang, Shiming -- Wolf, Reinhard -- Xu, Shuping -- Heisenberg, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 13;305(5686):1020-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Biophysics Academia Sinica, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, P.R. China. tang-shm@sohu.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15310908" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Color Perception ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Cues ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Female ; Flight, Animal ; Learning ; Orientation ; *Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Retina/physiology ; Size Perception
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  • 57
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tobena, Adolf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 2;304(5667):47-9; author reply 47-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15060306" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Islam ; Male ; *Personality ; Religion ; *Suicide ; Temperament ; *Terrorism
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: Various forms of birth control have been developed for women; however, there are currently few options for men. The development of male contraceptives that are effective, safe, and reversible is desired for family planning throughout the world. We now report contraception of male nonhuman primates (Macaca radiata) immunized with Eppin, a testis/epididymis-specific protein. Seven out of nine males (78%) developed high titers to Eppin, and all of these high-titer monkeys were infertile. Five out of seven (71%) high-anti-Eppin titer males recovered fertility when immunization was stopped. This study demonstrates that effective and reversible male immunocontraception is an attainable goal. This method of immunocontraception may be extended to humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'rand, M G -- Widgren, E E -- Sivashanmugam, P -- Richardson, R T -- Hall, S H -- French, F S -- VandeVoort, C A -- Ramachandra, S G -- Ramesh, V -- Jagannadha Rao, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1189-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. morand@unc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/analysis/blood ; *Contraception, Immunologic ; Female ; Fertility ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Immunization, Secondary ; Macaca mulatta ; Macaca radiata ; Male ; Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory ; Proteins/*immunology ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology ; Semen/immunology ; Time Factors ; Vaccination ; *Vaccines, Contraceptive
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: Young brood parasites that tolerate the company of host offspring challenge the existing evolutionary view of family life. In theory, all parasitic nestlings should be ruthlessly self-interested and should kill host offspring soon after hatching. Yet many species allow host young to live, even though they are rivals for host resources. Here we show that the tolerance of host nestlings by the parasitic brown-headed cowbird Molothrus ater is adaptive. Host young procure the cowbird a higher provisioning rate, so it grows more rapidly. The cowbird's unexpected altruism toward host offspring simply promotes its selfish interests in exploiting host parents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kilner, Rebecca M -- Madden, Joah R -- Hauber, Mark E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):877-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. rmk1002@hermes.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297677" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Male ; *Nesting Behavior ; Regression Analysis ; Social Behavior ; Songbirds/growth & development/*physiology
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):639-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobic Threshold ; Body Constitution ; Doping in Sports ; Female ; Heart/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Oxygen Consumption ; Physical Endurance ; Pulmonary Ventilation ; *Running ; *Sex Characteristics ; Testosterone/metabolism
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  • 61
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):637-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286361" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Eastern ; Africa, Western ; *African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Body Composition ; Body Constitution ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kenya ; Lactates/metabolism ; Leg/anatomy & histology ; Male ; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/physiology ; Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology/enzymology/*physiology ; Oxygen Consumption ; Physical Endurance ; Physical Fitness ; *Running/physiology
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  • 62
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Testa, Giuseppe -- Harris, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 17;305(5691):1719.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genomics, BIOTEC, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany. testa@mpi-cbg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15375251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bioethical Issues ; Cloning, Organism/*ethics ; Embryo Research/ethics ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Genomic Imprinting ; *Germ Cells ; Humans ; Infertility ; Male ; Mice ; Parents ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted/*ethics ; *Stem Cells
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1120-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cooperative Behavior ; *Cultural Evolution ; Emotions ; Endorphins/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Language ; Male ; Maternal Behavior ; *Music ; Nonverbal Communication ; Object Attachment ; Selection, Genetic ; Sexual Behavior ; *Social Behavior
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1121.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Analgesia ; Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; *Empathy ; Female ; Humans ; Limbic System/physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Pain ; *Placebo Effect
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2004-09-09
    Description: Human genetic diseases that resemble accelerated aging provide useful models for gerontologists. They combine known single-gene mutations with deficits in selected tissues that are reminiscent of changes seen during normal aging. Here, we describe recent progress toward linking molecular and cellular changes with the phenotype seen in two of these disorders. One in particular, Werner syndrome, provides evidence to support the hypothesis that the senescence of somatic cells may be a causal agent of normal aging.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kipling, David -- Davis, Terence -- Ostler, Elizabeth L -- Faragher, Richard G A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 3;305(5689):1426-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15353794" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Cell Aging ; Cell Division ; DNA Helicases/genetics/physiology ; Exodeoxyribonucleases ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; RecQ Helicases ; Telomere/metabolism ; *Werner Syndrome/genetics/pathology/physiopathology
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2004-01-13
    Description: The development of osteoporosis involves the interaction of multiple environmental and genetic factors. Through combined genetic and genomic approaches, we identified the lipoxygenase gene Alox15 as a negative regulator of peak bone mineral density in mice. Crossbreeding experiments with Alox15 knockout mice confirmed that 12/15-lipoxygenase plays a role in skeletal development. Pharmacologic inhibitors of this enzyme improved bone density and strength in two rodent models of osteoporosis. These results suggest that drugs targeting the 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway merit investigation as a therapy for osteoporosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klein, Robert F -- Allard, John -- Avnur, Zafrira -- Nikolcheva, Tania -- Rotstein, David -- Carlos, Amy S -- Shea, Marie -- Waters, Ruth V -- Belknap, John K -- Peltz, Gary -- Orwoll, Eric S -- AR44659/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- HG02322/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR044659/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR044659-08/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 9;303(5655):229-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA. kleinro@ohsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14716014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase/*genetics/*metabolism ; Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase/*genetics/*metabolism ; Bone Density/drug effects/*genetics ; Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Crosses, Genetic ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Female ; Fluorenes/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genetic Linkage ; Kidney/metabolism ; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Osteoblasts/cytology/metabolism/physiology ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis/enzymology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Rats ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism ; Stromal Cells/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2004-01-13
    Description: The imprinted regulation of H19 and Insulin-like growth factor 2 expression involves binding of the vertebrate insulator protein, CCCTC binding factor (CTCF), to the maternally hypomethylated differentially methylated domain (DMD). How this hypomethylated state is maintained during oogenesis and the role of CTCF, if any, in this process are not understood. With the use of a transgenic RNA interference (RNAi)-based approach to generate oocytes with reduced amounts of CTCF protein, we found increased methylation of the H19 DMD and decreased developmental competence of CTCF-deficient oocytes. Our results suggest that CTCF protects the H19 DMD from de novo methylation during oocyte growth and is required for normal preimplantation development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fedoriw, Andrew M -- Stein, Paula -- Svoboda, Petr -- Schultz, Richard M -- Bartolomei, Marisa S -- HD-42026/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD-07516/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 9;303(5655):238-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14716017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/genetics ; Animals ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Gene Targeting ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Litter Size ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; Oocytes/*metabolism ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Untranslated/*genetics ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Zygote/physiology
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: Epithelial cancers are believed to originate from transformation of tissue stem cells. However, bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs), which are frequently recruited to sites of tissue injury and inflammation, might also represent a potential source of malignancy. We show that although acute injury, acute inflammation, or transient parietal cell loss within the stomach do not lead to BMDC recruitment, chronic infection of C57BL/6 mice with Helicobacter, a known carcinogen, induces repopulation of the stomach with BMDCs. Subsequently, these cells progress through metaplasia and dysplasia to intraepithelial cancer. These findings suggest that epithelial cancers can originate from marrow-derived sources and thus have broad implications for the multistep model of cancer progression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Houghton, Jeanmarie -- Stoicov, Calin -- Nomura, Sachiyo -- Rogers, Arlin B -- Carlson, Jane -- Li, Hanchen -- Cai, Xun -- Fox, James G -- Goldenring, James R -- Wang, Timothy C -- CA95103/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K22 CA90518/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA87958/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK58/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1568-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. jeanmarie.houghton@umassmed.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bone Marrow Cells/*cytology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Carcinoma in Situ/pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Fusion ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa/chemistry/pathology ; Gastritis/*pathology ; Helicobacter Infections/*pathology ; *Helicobacter felis ; Keratins/analysis ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/physiology ; Metaplasia ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mucins/analysis ; Muscle Proteins/analysis ; Parietal Cells, Gastric/physiology ; Peptides/analysis ; Phenotype ; Stem Cells/*physiology ; Stomach Neoplasms/*pathology
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2004-05-29
    Description: The results of the Women's Health Initiative, a study anticipated to provide definitive answers about health benefits and risks of postmenopausal hormone therapy, have generated debate and confusion among clinicians, researchers, and the lay public. The ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone, which decline at menopause, normally elicit complex tissue-specific responses throughout the body. Major advances are providing a detailed molecular definition of how that differential action is achieved. Here we review estrogen and progestin actions, discuss how effectively knowledge of steroid hormone endocrinology has been incorporated into clinical studies, and consider the impact on modern hormone therapy protocols and pharmaceutical development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Turgeon, Judith L -- McDonnell, Donald P -- Martin, Kathryn A -- Wise, Phyllis M -- AG02224/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG17164/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- DK48807/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK50495/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK66606/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HD12137/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1269-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition, and Vascular Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. jlturgeon@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15166356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Animals ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena/drug effects ; *Estrogen Replacement Therapy/adverse effects ; Estrogens/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/administration & dosage/metabolism/pharmacology ; Middle Aged ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Progesterone/metabolism/pharmacology/*physiology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stroke/prevention & control
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  • 70
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):387.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486260" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Intravaginal ; Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; *CCR5 Receptor Antagonists ; Chemokine CCL5/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/*therapeutic use ; Female ; HIV/drug effects ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/transmission ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Male ; Receptors, CCR5/metabolism ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control/transmission ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/drug effects ; Vagina/virology
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2004-01-17
    Description: The capacity to generate a limitless range of meaningful expressions from a finite set of elements differentiates human language from other animal communication systems. Rule systems capable of generating an infinite set of outputs ("grammars") vary in generative power. The weakest possess only local organizational principles, with regularities limited to neighboring units. We used a familiarization/discrimination paradigm to demonstrate that monkeys can spontaneously master such grammars. However, human language entails more sophisticated grammars, incorporating hierarchical structure. Monkeys tested with the same methods, syllables, and sequence lengths were unable to master a grammar at this higher, "phrase structure grammar" level.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fitch, W Tecumseh -- Hauser, Marc D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 16;303(5656):377-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Psychology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9AJ, Scotland. wtsf@st-andrews.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14726592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Cues ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence ; *Language ; *Learning ; *Linguistics ; Male ; Memory ; *Saguinus ; Speech
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology has recently been used to generate animals with a common genetic composition. In this study, we report the derivation of a pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cell line (SCNT-hES-1) from a cloned human blastocyst. The SCNT-hES-1 cells displayed typical ES cell morphology and cell surface markers and were capable of differentiating into embryoid bodies in vitro and of forming teratomas in vivo containing cell derivatives from all three embryonic germ layers in severe combined immunodeficient mice. After continuous proliferation for more than 70 passages, SCNT-hES-1 cells maintained normal karyotypes and were genetically identical to the somatic nuclear donor cells. Although we cannot completely exclude the possibility that the cells had a parthenogenetic origin, imprinting analyses support a SCNT origin of the derived human ES cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hwang, Woo Suk -- Ryu, Young June -- Park, Jong Hyuk -- Park, Eul Soon -- Lee, Eu Gene -- Koo, Ja Min -- Jeon, Hyun Yong -- Lee, Byeong Chun -- Kang, Sung Keun -- Kim, Sun Jong -- Ahn, Curie -- Hwang, Jung Hye -- Park, Ky Young -- Cibelli, Jose B -- Moon, Shin Yong -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1669-74. Epub 2004 Feb 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. hwangws@snu.ac.kr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Blastocyst/*cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Line ; *Cloning, Organism ; Culture Media ; Culture Techniques ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Female ; Genomic Imprinting ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocyte Donation ; Ovarian Follicle/cytology ; Parthenogenesis ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/chemistry/*cytology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tandem Repeat Sequences ; Teratoma/etiology/pathology ; Testicular Neoplasms/etiology/pathology
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  • 73
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hug, Christopher -- Lodish, Harvey F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 21;307(5708):366-7. Epub 2004 Dec 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/*metabolism ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Cytokines/blood/genetics/*metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Glucose/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/blood/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Obese ; Molecular Mimicry ; Muscle Cells/metabolism ; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ; Receptor, Insulin/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Viscera
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  • 74
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):592-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15498983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/*genetics ; Hypertension/*genetics ; Magnesium/*blood ; Metabolic Syndrome X/genetics ; Mitochondria/*genetics/metabolism ; *Point Mutation ; RNA, Transfer/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism
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  • 75
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1932-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218138" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission ; Africa/epidemiology ; Asia/epidemiology ; Computer Simulation ; Condoms ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission ; Harm Reduction ; Health Education ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Statistical ; Needle-Exchange Programs ; Prevalence ; Prostitution ; Risk Factors ; Sexual Behavior ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous
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  • 76
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 23;304(5670):506.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/*prevention & ; control/transmission ; Community Health Workers ; Community-Institutional Relations ; Condoms ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; *Prostitution
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  • 77
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 23;304(5670):504-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/*epidemiology/transmission ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Delivery of Health Care ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Drug Utilization ; Female ; Government Programs ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/transmission ; Health Services Accessibility ; Hospitals ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Male ; Prevalence
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2004-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kraytsberg, Yevgenya -- Schwartz, Marianne -- Brown, Timothy A -- Ebralidse, Konstantin -- Kunz, Wolfram S -- Clayton, David A -- Vissing, John -- Khrapko, Konstantin -- AG18388/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG19787/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- ES11343/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):981.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15143273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA Replication ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Fathers ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mitochondria, Muscle/genetics ; Mothers ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Recombination, Genetic
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: To what extent do we learn from the positive versus negative outcomes of our decisions? The neuromodulator dopamine plays a key role in these reinforcement learning processes. Patients with Parkinson's disease, who have depleted dopamine in the basal ganglia, are impaired in tasks that require learning from trial and error. Here, we show, using two cognitive procedural learning tasks, that Parkinson's patients off medication are better at learning to avoid choices that lead to negative outcomes than they are at learning from positive outcomes. Dopamine medication reverses this bias, making patients more sensitive to positive than negative outcomes. This pattern was predicted by our biologically based computational model of basal ganglia-dopamine interactions in cognition, which has separate pathways for "Go" and "NoGo" responses that are differentially modulated by positive and negative reinforcement.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frank, Michael J -- Seeberger, Lauren C -- O'reilly, Randall C -- MH069597-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1940-3. Epub 2004 Nov 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA. frankmj@psych.colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528409" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Antiparkinson Agents/therapeutic use ; Basal Ganglia/*physiopathology ; *Cognition ; Computer Simulation ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Feedback, Psychological ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/physiopathology ; Humans ; *Learning ; Male ; Matched-Pair Analysis ; Middle Aged ; Models, Neurological ; Parkinson Disease/drug therapy/*physiopathology/*psychology ; Probability ; *Reinforcement (Psychology)
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2004-10-09
    Description: We report that Id knockout mouse embryos display multiple cardiac defects, but mid-gestation lethality is rescued by the injection of 15 wild-type embryonic stem (ES) cells into mutant blastocysts. Myocardial markers altered in Id mutant cells are restored to normal throughout the chimeric myocardium. Intraperitoneal injection of ES cells into female mice before conception also partially rescues the cardiac phenotype with no incorporation of ES cells. Insulin-like growth factor 1, a long-range secreted factor, in combination with WNT5a, a locally secreted factor, likely account for complete reversion of the cardiac phenotype. Thus, ES cells have the potential to reverse congenital defects through Id-dependent local and long-range effects in a mammalian embryo.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1351017/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1351017/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fraidenraich, Diego -- Stillwell, Elizabeth -- Romero, Elizabeth -- Wilkes, David -- Manova, Katia -- Basson, Craig T -- Benezra, Robert -- K01 HL076568/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- KO1HL076568/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA107429/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA107429/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):247-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472070" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Embryo Loss ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Heart/*embryology ; Heart Defects, Congenital/embryology/*therapy ; Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1 ; Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics/physiology ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Myocardium/cytology/metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pericardium/embryology/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Repressor Proteins/genetics ; *Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Wnt Proteins
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: The life cycles of sexually reproducing animals and flowering plants begin with male and female gametes and their fusion to form a zygote. Selection at this earliest stage is crucial for offspring quality and raises similar evolutionary issues, yet zoology and botany use dissimilar approaches. There are striking parallels in the role of prezygotic competition for sexual selection on males, cryptic female choice, sexual conflict, and against selfish genetic elements and genetic incompatibility. In both groups, understanding the evolution of sex-specific and reproductive traits will require an appreciation of the effects of prezygotic competition on fitness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bernasconi, G -- Ashman, T-L -- Birkhead, T R -- Bishop, J D D -- Grossniklaus, U -- Kubli, E -- Marshall, D L -- Schmid, B -- Skogsmyr, I -- Snook, R R -- Taylor, D -- Till-Bottraud, I -- Ward, P I -- Zeh, D W -- Hellriegel, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):971-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. bernasco@uwinst.unizh.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/*physiology ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Competitive Behavior ; Copulation ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Male ; Pollen/*physiology ; *Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Characteristics ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Spermatozoa/*physiology
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gadagkar, Raghavendra -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1694-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, 560 012 Bangalore, India. ragh@ces.iisc.ernet.in〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Ants/genetics/*physiology ; Bees/genetics/physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; Diploidy ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; Genetic Variation ; Haploidy ; Male ; *Parthenogenesis ; Reproduction ; Sex Determination Processes ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Social Behavior
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  • 83
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 19;306(5700):1277.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15550635" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arteriosclerosis/*etiology/prevention & control ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Disease Susceptibility ; Epoprostenol/biosynthesis ; Estrogens/administration & dosage/*pharmacology/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Isoenzymes/*metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Epoprostenol/genetics/metabolism ; *Sex Characteristics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 84
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaffe, Harold -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 27;305(5688):1243-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Public Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK. harold.jaffe@dphpc.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15333825" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Serodiagnosis ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis/*epidemiology/*prevention & ; control/transmission ; African Americans/statistics & numerical data ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Homosexuality, Male/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Needle-Exchange Programs ; Prisoners/statistics & numerical data ; *Public Health ; Public Policy ; Sexual Abstinence ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/therapy ; United States/epidemiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 85
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garber, Ken -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1754-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031473" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/drug therapy/*genetics/*pathology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; *Gene Expression Profiling/standards ; Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; *Neoplasm Metastasis ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prognosis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Risk Factors ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 86
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 2;305(5680):27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15232079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/*physiology ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Fusion ; Epithelial Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Female ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Luminescent Proteins/analysis ; Male ; Mice ; Recombinases/metabolism ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Y Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 87
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):383-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Laboratory ; Female ; *Genome ; Inbreeding ; Japan ; Male ; *Mutation ; Oryzias/anatomy & histology/*genetics/physiology ; Reproduction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: The ability of rats to use their whiskers for fine tactile discrimination rivals that of humans using their fingertips. Rats perform discriminations rapidly and accurately while palpating the environment with their whiskers. This suggests that whisker deflections produce a robust and reliable neural code. Whisker primary afferents respond with highly reproducible temporal spike patterns to transient stimuli. Here we show that, with the use of a linear kernel, any of these reproducible response trains recorded from an individual neuron can reliably predict complex whisker deflections. These predictions are significantly improved by integrating responses from neurons with opposite angular preferences.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1557422/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1557422/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, Lauren M -- Depireux, Didier A -- Simons, Daniel J -- Keller, Asaf -- F31 NS046100/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- F31 NS46100-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS19950/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC-05937-01/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC005937/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS019950/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS031078/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS31078/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1986-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Neuroscience and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Action Potentials ; Afferent Pathways ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Female ; Neurons/*physiology ; Rats ; Touch ; Trigeminal Ganglion/cytology/*physiology ; Vibrissae/*innervation/*physiology
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  • 89
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Germain, Adrienne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 2;305(5680):17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15232075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Advisory Committees ; *Contraceptives, Postcoital ; *Family Planning Services/economics ; Female ; *Health Policy ; Humans ; Nonprescription Drugs ; Politics ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy in Adolescence/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; *Women's Health
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2004-12-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wacholder, Sholom -- Struewing, Jeffery P -- Hartge, Patricia -- Greene, Mark H -- Tucker, Margaret A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2187-91; author reply 2187-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15622558" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/*genetics ; Female ; *Genes, BRCA1 ; *Genes, BRCA2 ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Jews/genetics ; *Mutation ; Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology/genetics ; Risk ; Selection Bias
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2004-04-03
    Description: Human visual recognition processes are remarkably robust and can function effectively even under highly degraded viewing conditions. Contextual information may play a critical role in such circumstances. Here, we provide neurophysiological evidence that contextual cues can elicit object-specific neural responses, which have hitherto been believed to be based on intrinsic cues alone. Specifically, we find that the "fusiform face area" (FFA) maintains its selectivity for faces without regard to whether the faces are defined intrinsically or contextually. This finding further elucidates the role of the FFA and reveals neural correlates of contextual processing in the service of robust object recognition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cox, David -- Meyers, Ethan -- Sinha, Pawan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 2;304(5667):115-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cues ; *Face ; Female ; *Form Perception ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Temporal Lobe/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/*physiology
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2004-03-27
    Description: The mammalian cerebral cortex is characterized by complex patterns of anatomical and functional areas that differ markedly between species, but the molecular basis for this functional subdivision is largely unknown. Here, we show that mutations in GPR56, which encodes an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with a large extracellular domain, cause a human brain cortical malformation called bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP). BFPP is characterized by disorganized cortical lamination that is most severe in frontal cortex. Our data suggest that GPCR signaling plays an essential role in regional development of human cerebral cortex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Piao, Xianhua -- Hill, R Sean -- Bodell, Adria -- Chang, Bernard S -- Basel-Vanagaite, Lina -- Straussberg, Rachel -- Dobyns, William B -- Qasrawi, Bassam -- Winter, Robin M -- Innes, A Micheil -- Voit, Thomas -- Ross, M Elizabeth -- Michaud, Jacques L -- Descarie, Jean-Claude -- Barkovich, A James -- Walsh, Christopher A -- HD07466/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- K08 NS045762-01A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS35129/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 26;303(5666):2033-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Antisense Elements (Genetics) ; Biological Evolution ; Body Patterning ; Cerebral Cortex/*abnormalities/embryology ; Cerebral Ventricles/cytology/embryology ; Female ; Frameshift Mutation ; Frontal Lobe/*abnormalities/embryology ; Gene Order ; Humans ; Ligands ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation, Missense ; Neurons/physiology ; Parietal Lobe/abnormalities/embryology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Sequence Deletion ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/physiology
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Webster, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1875.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591171" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Body Burden ; Diet ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental Pollutants/*analysis/toxicity ; Female ; Fishes ; Humans ; Male ; Pesticides/*analysis/toxicity ; Population Groups ; Russia
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: Recombinant mouse prion protein (recMoPrP) produced in Escherichia coli was polymerized into amyloid fibrils that represent a subset of beta sheet-rich structures. Fibrils consisting of recMoPrP(89-230) were inoculated intracerebrally into transgenic (Tg) mice expressing MoPrP(89-231). The mice developed neurologic dysfunction between 380 and 660 days after inoculation. Brain extracts showed protease-resistant PrP by Western blotting; these extracts transmitted disease to wild-type FVB mice and Tg mice overexpressing PrP, with incubation times of 150 and 90 days, respectively. Neuropathological findings suggest that a novel prion strain was created. Our results provide compelling evidence that prions are infectious proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Legname, Giuseppe -- Baskakov, Ilia V -- Nguyen, Hoang-Oanh B -- Riesner, Detlev -- Cohen, Fred E -- DeArmond, Stephen J -- Prusiner, Stanley B -- AG02132/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG021601/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG10770/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):673-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyloid/chemistry/metabolism ; Animals ; Biopolymers ; Brain/metabolism/pathology ; Brain Chemistry ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Female ; Glycosylation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Plaque, Amyloid/pathology ; PrPSc Proteins/analysis/metabolism ; Prion Diseases/*etiology/pathology/transmission ; Prions/administration & dosage/biosynthesis/chemistry/*pathogenicity ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage/biosynthesis/chemistry ; Time Factors ; Tissue Extracts/administration & dosage ; Vacuoles/pathology
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2004-07-27
    Description: Psychologists, economists, and advertising moguls have long known that human decision-making is strongly influenced by the behavior of others. A rapidly accumulating body of evidence suggests that the same is true in animals. Individuals can use information arising from cues inadvertently produced by the behavior of other individuals with similar requirements. Many of these cues provide public information about the quality of alternatives. The use of public information is taxonomically widespread and can enhance fitness. Public information can lead to cultural evolution, which we suggest may then affect biological evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Danchin, Etienne -- Giraldeau, Luc-Alain -- Valone, Thomas J -- Wagner, Richard H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):487-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.P.M.C. CNRS-UMR7625, Bat A-7e etage-Case 237, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France. edanchin@snv.jussieu.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; Cues ; *Cultural Evolution ; *Decision Making ; Environment ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Genes ; Humans ; Male ; Reproduction ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
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  • 96
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-05-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, Ingrid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):666-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15118135" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Caloric Restriction ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/blood ; Female ; Fetus/physiology ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inflammation ; Labor, Obstetric/*physiology ; Lung/embryology/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; *Obstetric Labor, Premature/etiology/genetics/physiopathology/prevention & ; control ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; Progesterone/metabolism ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A/metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; Uterus/physiology
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: The mammalian vomeronasal organ detects social information about gender, status, and individuality. The molecular cues carrying this information remain largely unknown. Here, we show that small peptides that serve as ligands for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules function also as sensory stimuli for a subset of vomeronasal sensory neurons located in the basal Gao- and V2R receptor-expressing zone of the vomeronasal epithelium. In behaving mice, the same peptides function as individuality signals underlying mate recognition in the context of pregnancy block. MHC peptides constitute a previously unknown family of chemosensory stimuli by which MHC genotypic diversity can influence social behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leinders-Zufall, Trese -- Brennan, Peter -- Widmayer, Patricia -- S, Prashanth Chandramani -- Maul-Pavicic, Andrea -- Jager, Martina -- Li, Xiao-Hong -- Breer, Heinz -- Zufall, Frank -- Boehm, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):1033-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Chemoreceptor Cells ; Female ; H-2 Antigens/metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/metabolism ; Peptides/*metabolism ; Receptors, Vasopressin/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Smell/physiology ; Urine ; Vomeronasal Organ/*metabolism
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2004-05-15
    Description: We report a perception-action dissociation in the behavior of normally developing young children. In adults and older children, the perception of an object and the organization of actions on it are seamlessly integrated. However, as documented here, 18- to 30-month-old children sometimes fail to use information about object size and make serious attempts to perform impossible actions on miniature objects. They try, for example, to sit in a dollhouse chair or to get into a small toy car. We interpret scale errors as reflecting problems with inhibitory control and with the integration of visual information for perception and action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeLoache, Judy S -- Uttal, David H -- Rosengren, Karl S -- 5 T32 HD007323-18/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-25271/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):1027-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA. jdeloache@virginia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15143286" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; *Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mental Processes ; Motor Activity ; Psychomotor Performance ; *Size Perception ; Visual Perception
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2004-08-25
    Description: Primordial ovarian follicles in mice form when somatic cells surround individual oocytes. We show that lack of Nobox, an oocyte-specific homeobox gene, accelerates postnatal oocyte loss and abolishes the transition from primordial to growing follicles in mice. Follicles are replaced by fibrous tissue in female mice lacking Nobox in a manner similar to nonsyndromic ovarian failure in women. Genes preferentially expressed in oocytes, including Oct4 and Gdf9, are down-regulated in Nobox-/- mice, whereas ubiquitous genes such as Bmp4, Kit, and Bax remain unaffected. Therefore, Nobox is critical for specifying an oocyte-restricted gene expression pattern essential for postnatal follicle development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rajkovic, Aleksandar -- Pangas, Stephanie A -- Ballow, Daniel -- Suzumori, Nobuhiro -- Matzuk, Martin M -- HD007165/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD01426/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD33438/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD42500/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 20;305(5687):1157-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. rajkovic@bcm.tmc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15326356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; Embryonic and Fetal Development/genetics ; Female ; Fertility ; Gene Deletion ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Targeting ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Germ Cells/cytology/physiology ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Meiosis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Oogenesis ; Ovarian Follicle/*physiology ; Ovary/cytology/embryology/physiology ; Transcription Factors
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  • 100
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-03-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rakic, Pasko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 26;303(5666):1983-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. pasko.rakic@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044793" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Division ; Cell Movement ; Cerebral Cortex/*abnormalities/embryology ; Cerebral Ventricles/cytology/embryology ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/*abnormalities/embryology ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neurons/physiology ; Parietal Lobe/abnormalities/embryology ; Pedigree ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/*genetics/*physiology ; Stem Cells/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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