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  • Engineering General  (4,521)
  • 1990-1994  (3,144)
  • 1980-1984  (1,377)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A frontal method based solution of the quasi-three-dimensional finite element model for interconnected aquifer systems. Steady and unsteady equations, with the E.N.S. method for fluid mass balance evaluation (1983)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 3 (1983), S. 445-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Element ; Quasi-three-dimensional ; Interconnected Aquifer Systmes ; Fluid Mass Balance ; Iterated Frontal Method ; Predictor-Corrector Method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The quasi-three-dimensional equations controlling the groundwater flow in heterogeneous and interconnected aquifer systems are discretized by finite elements, considering also the aquifer branching. A new method for fluid mass balance evaluation based on the equivalent nodal source (E.N.S.) concept allows one to express the balance in conservative terms, and interpret finite element equations as nodal balance equations. The solution of the system is based on the frontal method. Use of substructures limits the frontal increase in correspondence to the aquifer branching. In the steady state, the frontal method is integrated with an iterative solution technique to eliminate the frontal increase caused by the presence of aquitards. It converges very rapidly, using a forcing technique with an automatic parameter definition. In the unsteady case the same scope is achieved using a predictor-corrector procedure which employs the Crank-Nicolson method in the corrector phase.This very stable procedure permits use of fairly long time-steps and concerns the case of source terms depending on piezometry (problem of interaction between water table and river). This method has been tested with several fairly complex cases.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650030503
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A modified dodge algorithm for the parabolized Navier-Stokes equations and compressible duct flows (1983)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 3 (1983), S. 493-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Modified ; Dodge ; Algorithm ; Parabolized ; Navier-Stokes ; Computational Fluid Dynamics ; Low Speed Flow ; Channel Flow ; Zebra Algorithm ; Mass Balancing ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A revised version of Dodge's split-velocity method for numerical calculation of compressible duct flow has been developed. The revision incorporates balancing of mass flow rates on each marching step in order to maintain front-to-back continuity during the calculation. The (chequerboard) zebra algorithm is applied to solution of the three-dimensional continuity equation in conservative form. A second-order A-stable linear multistep method is employed in effecting a marching solution of the parabolized momentum equations. A chequerboard iteration is ued to solve the resulting implicit non-linear systems of finite-difference equations which govern stepwise transition. Qualitive agreement with analytical predictions and experimental results has been obtained for some flows with well-known solutions.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650030505
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incompressible flow in a rapidly rotating cylinder with a source/sink distribution in the lateral wall and a free inner boundary (1983)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 3 (1983), S. 529-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Strongly Rotating ; Incompressible ; Free-surface ; Finite-difference ; Coriolis ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The flow of an incompressible fluid in a rapidly rotating right circular cylinder is considered. A source/sink mass distribution at the lateral wall, which is azimuthally uniform and symmetric across the midplane, causes a deviation from wheel flow. The container is only partially full and the inner free surface is allowed to deviate slightly from the vertical. A finite-difference solution of the full axisymmetric, non-linear governing equations was used to obtain the flow field. A special implicit technique for the Coriolis terms which maintains geostrophy was developed and is described. The results obtained for a low Rossby number flow compare quite favourably with the linearized solution. Results are also presented for a case wherein the non-linear terms are important.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650030602
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractional step algorithm for estuarine mass transport (1983)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 3 (1983), S. 567-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Advection ; Convection ; Estuary ; Fractional ; Step ; Diffusion ; Dispersion ; Moving ; Co-ordinates Transport ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A successful and economical fractional step algorithm for the convection-dispersion-reaction equation is described. Exact solutions are adopted for the reaction and convection steps, the latter by the introduction of a moving co-ordinate system. The dispersion step uses an optimized finite difference algorithm which specifically accommodates the grid non-uniformity. The excellent performance of the algorithm is confirmed by numerical experiments together with computations of the Fourier response and integrated square error characteristics.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650030604
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of a high accuracy finite difference technique to steady, free surface flow problems (1983)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 3 (1983), S. 583-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: QUICK ; Finite Difference ; Free Surface Flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The spatially third-order accurate QUICK finite difference technique is applied to the solution of the depth-integrated equations of motion for steady, subcritical, free surface flow in a wide, shallow, rectangular channel with and without an abrupt expansion. The conservative, control-volume discretization of the equations of motion and the use of QUICK in approximating required cell and cell face average quantities is discussed. Results presented show that it is possible to obtain stable solutions for advective free surface flows without resorting to implicit numerical smoothing.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650030605
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040101
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerically induced oscillations in finite element approximations to the shallow water equations (1983)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 3 (1983), S. 591-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Shallow Water Equations ; Finite Element Method ; Wave Equation ; Numerical Noise ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Numerical noise has been a problem with finite element solutions to the shallow water equations. Two methods used to reduce the noise level are evaluated, and these results are compared with published results for equal-order interpolations. The two methods are mixed-interpolation (quadratic interpolation for velocity and linear interpolation for sea level) and a spectral form of the wave equation. Whereas mixed interpolation removes the troublesome sea level mode, it can still have considerable noise in velocity. The spectral wave equation is efficient and does not contain the spurious eigenmodes which contribute to high noise levels.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650030606
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of the finite-element method to meteorological simulations - a review (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Review ; Finite Elements ; Meteorology ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The application of the finite-element method to the simulation of meterological fluid flow problems is reviewed. Early studies were aimed primarily at demonstrating the viability of the method for one- and two-dimensional flows, whereas more recent studies have been aimed at demonstrating the efficiency and viability of the method for more complex three-dimensional simulations. There has also been a shift towards exploiting such models to better understand and predict the underlying meteorological phenomena, rather than restricting attention to the development of the algorithms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040102
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A stream function finite element solution for two-dimensional natural convection with accurate representation of nusselt number variations near a corner (1983)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 3 (1983), S. 605-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Natural ; Convection ; Stream ; Function ; Finite ; Element ; Formulation ; C1 ; Continuity ; Truncated ; Quintic ; Restricted Variational Principle ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite element stream function formulation is presented for the solution to the two-dimensional double-glazing problem. Laminar flow with constant properties is considered and the Boussinesq approximation used. A restricted variational principle is used, in conjunction with a triangular finite element of C1 continuity, to discretize the two coupled governing partial differential equations (4th order in stream function and second order in temperature). The resulting non-linear system of equations is solved in a segregated (decoupled) manner by the Newton-Raphson linearizing technique.Results are produced for the standard test case of an upright square cavity. These are for Rayleigh numbers in the range 103-105, with a Prandtl number of 0.71. Comparisons are made with benchmark results presented at the 1981 International Comparison study in Venice. In the discussion of results, emphasis is placed on the variation of local Nusselt number along the isothermal walls, particularly near the corner. This reveals a noticeable source of error in the evaluation of the maximum Nusselt number by lower order discretization methods.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650030607
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic hydraulics, P. D. Smith, Butterworths, London, 1982. Price: £7.50 (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 105-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040108
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of the choice of the reference pressure location in numerical modelling of incompressible flow (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 147-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Element ; Incompressible Flow ; Pressure-specification-point ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The discontinuity of a finite-element pressure field that is sometimes present in the neighbourhood of the pressure-specification-point is shown to arise either from round-off, or from mistakes in modelling. The implications of this are considered. In particular it restricts grid refinement near the pressure-specification-point. The analysis can be extended to finite-difference calculations, and to other fields governed by equations similar to Poisson's equation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040204
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method for solving the factorized vorticity-stream function equations by finite elements (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 109-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite elements ; Navier-Stokes ; Vorticity-stream function ; Time-dependent ; flows ; Boundary conditions ; Incompressible viscous flows ; Two-dimensional flows ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new finite element method for solving the time-dependent incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with general boundary conditions is presented. The two second-order partial differential equations for the vorticity and the stream function are factorized, apart from the non-linear advection term, by eliminating the coupling due to the double specification on the stream function at (a part of) the boundary. This is achieved by reducing the no-slip boundary conditions to projection integral conditions for the vorticity field and by evaluating the relevant quantities involved according to an extension of the method of Glowinski and Pironneau for the biharmonic problem. Time integration schemes and iterative algorithms are introduced which require the solution only of banded linear systems of symmetric type. The proposed finite element formulation is compared with its finite difference equivalent by means of a few numerical examples. The results obtained using 4-noded bilinear elements provide an illustration of the superiority of the finite element based spatial discretization.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040202
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040301
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    Simulation of polymeric flows in the injection moulding processThis invited paper is an extended, and refereed version of one presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Finite Elements in Flow Problems held in Tokyo, Japan, 26-29 July 1982. (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 171-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Polymer Flows ; Non-Newtonian ; Moving Boundary ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Recent progress in the simulation of polymeric flows of two key problems in the injection moulding process, carried out by a team at Cornell University, is briefly described. For the filling of cooled thin cavities, the fluid is characterized by a power-law viscosity with exponential temperature dependence, and interaction between the transient thermal boundary-layer and the core flow in a domain with moving boundary is essential. The earlier procedure of Hieber and Shen is modified in two aspects: a boundary-integral formulation replaces the finite-element treatment of the pressure, and an ‘energy integral’ approach is used for the transient temperature. The second problem is the steady visco-elastic flow in the juncture region where sudden changes of the geometry and large strain rates occur. The constitutive equation is postulated according to the Leonov model. The main features in the numerical implementation are: integration along a streamline to determine the elastic deformation tensors for a given velocity field, and finite-element treatment (in time-dependent form) of the pressure and fields for given stresses. In an example where the contraction ratio is 7:1, results for nominal Deborah number exceeding 100 show no numerical instability. (However, for this problem, the true Weissenberg number, i.e. the ratio of local first-normal-stress difference to shear stress turns out to be generally O(10).) The predictions also correlate very well with experimental birefringence measurements.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040206
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    On the finite-element calculation of turbulent flow using the k-∊ model (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 303-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Element ; Turbulent Flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Although the finite-element (FE) method has been successful in analysing complex laminar flows, a number of difficulties can arise when two-equation turbulence models (e.g. the k-∊ model) are incorporated. This work describes a particular FE discretization of the k-∊ model and reports its performance in recirculating flow. Severe problems encountered in attempts to obtain convergence of the numerical scheme are isolated and analysed, and methods by which the problems can be overcome are suggested.Insight gained in this work has enabled a practical turbulent flow FE code to be constructed which is robust and efficient. This code is the subject of a further paper.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040402
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    A practical method of two-equation turbulence modelling using finite elements (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 321-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Incorporation of the k-∊ turbulence model into Galerkin finite-element fluid-flow codes (which, unlike upwind finite-difference codes, have no artificial damping) can lead to severe iterative convergence difficulties. This paper introduces an alternative turbulence model (the q-f model) and an associated finite-element discretization method which are designed to overcome these problems. The new model forms the basis of a finite-element fluid-flow code which is robust and efficient. Furthermore, it is demonstrated on a practical example that the code can give good agreement with experiment on fairly coarse meshes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040403
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  • 17
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    A Dorodnitsyn finite element formulation for laminar boundary layer flow (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 399-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Laminar Boundary Layers ; Finite Element Method ; Finite Difference Method ; Spectral Method Convergence ; Computational Efficiency ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Dorodnitsyn boundary later formulation is given a finite element interpretation and found to generate very accurate and economical solutions when combined with an implicit, non-iterative marching scheme in the downstream direction. The algorithm is of order (Δ2u, Δx) whether linear or quadratic elements are used across the boundary layer. Solutions are compared with a Dorodnitsyn spectral formulation and a conventional finite difference formulation for three Falkner-Skan pressure gradient cases and the flow over a circular cylinder. With quadratic elements the Dorodnitsyn finite element formulation is approximately five times more efficient than the conventional finite difference formulation.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040502
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  • 18
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    Finite element solutions for laminar and turbulent compressible flow (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 421-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Laminar Flow ; Turbulent Flow ; Compressible Flow ; Separation ; Time-split Method ; Finite Element Method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The time-split finite element method is extended to compute laminar and turbulent flows with and without separation. The examples considered are the flows past trailing edges of a flat plate and a backward-facing step. Eddy viscosity models are used to represent effects of turbulence. It is found that the time-split method produces results in agreement with previous experimental and computational results. The eddy viscosity models employed are found to give accurate predictions in all regions of flow except downstream of reattachment.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040503
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  • 19
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    Finite element simulation of dip coating, I: Newtonian fluids (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 441-457 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Element Method ; Dip Coating ; Newtonian Fluid ; Free Surface ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite element simulation of the dip coating process based on a discretization of the continuum with discontinuous pressure elements is presented. The algorithm computes the flow field from natural boundary conditions while an extra condition provided by the existence of free surface is employed to displace the meniscus location towards the actual position. The process is iterative and uses a pseudo-time stepping technique coupled to a cubic spline fitting of the free surface. Numerical predictions exhibit good agreement with experimental data for Newtonian fluids in the case of flat plate dip coating as well as in the case of wire dip coating.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040504
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  • 20
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    Finite element simulation of dip coating, II: Non-Newtonian fluidsPresented in part at the 5th Canadian Symposium on Fluid Dynamics, Windsor (Ontario), Canada, 6-9 June, 1982. (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 459-475 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Augmented Lagrangian ; Finite Element Method ; Dip Coating ; Non-Newtonian Fluids ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We apply in this paper the augmented Lagrangian method to the study of various non-Newtonian fluid flow problems, and in particular the dip coating process. We only present in this second part the treatment specific to the non-linearities involved in the constitutive equations, the first part having largely been concerned with the general description of the approximation used.Two rheological models illustrating different rheological behaviours are used to simulate dip coating process: the Carreau-A model for shear-thinning properties of the viscosity and a truncated second-order model for a Newtonian behaviour in viscosity with elastic properties.Numerical predictions show a very good agreement with experimental data for the second-order model. The discrepancy observed in the other case can be explained qualitatively by the elastic properties exhibited by the shear-thinning fluids used: this elasticity is not taken into account in the Carreau-A model.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040505
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  • 21
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    Development of a computer program for the prediction of flow in a rotating cavity (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 667-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Rotating Flow ; Finite Differences ; Numerical Stability ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A computer program has been developed to predict laminar source-sink flow in a rotating cylindrical cavity. Although the program is based on a standard finite difference technique for recirculating flow, it incorporates two novel features. Step changes in grid size are employed to obtain sufficient resolution in the boundary layers and special treatment is given to the solution of the pressure correction equations, in the ‘SIMPLE’ algorithm, in order to improve the convergence properties of the method. Results are presented both for the flow in an infinite rotating cylindrical annulus and a finite rotating cylindrical cavity, with the inner cylindrical surface acting as a uniform source and the outer cylinder as a sink. These show good agreement with existing analytical solutions and illustrate some of the problems associated with the computation of rapidly rotating flows.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040706
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  • 22
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    On a family of Stokes flows (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 685-699 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Stokes Flows ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A family of simple Stokes flows involving sliding surfaces adjacent to surfaces at rest is considered. Principally, two specific flow configurations are investigated: (i) that arising when parts of the boundary of an infinitely long circular cylinder are rotating about the axis while other parts of the boundary are at rest, and (ii) the flow produced when a cap of a sphere is held at rest while the remainder of the sphere rotates about the symmetry axis. In each case computer plots of streamlines or constant velocity lines are presented to give a general impression of the resulting flow pattern.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040707
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  • 23
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    Conference diary (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 708-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040709
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    Announcements (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 709-709 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040710
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    On the interactions of surface waves with immersed structures (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 765-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Diffraction ; Hydrodynamics ; Ocean Engineering ; Underwater Structures ; Wave Forces ; Offshore Structures ; Velocity Potential ; Boundary Elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The fluid forces resulting from wave interaction with large submerged structures may be calculated using numerical procedures based on the solution of the associated boundary-value problem. In this paper, the analysis of wave interaction with a fixed submerged object of arbitrary cross-section and infinite length using a two-dimensional boundary value formation based on linear diffraction theory is summarized. Subsequently, the application of the boundary element method to obtain a solution is presented. The numerical considerations are emphasized with particular reference to computational efficiency.Numerical results are presented in the form of dimensionless wave force plots for various structural shapes. In the case of a bottom-seated half cylinder, for which there exists a closed-form solution, comparisons are made between results generated using both boundary element and equivalent finite element approaches. In the case of a submerged cylinder, comparisons are made between boundary element derived values and experimental results. The boundary element results compare well with both the closed-form solution and the experimental values.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040805
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    Masthead (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040901
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    Solution of viscous fluid flows on a distributed memory concurrent computer (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 889-905 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Computational fluid dynamics ; Parallel computing ; Parallel processing ; Domain decomposition ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A concurrent algorithm for the solution óf the Navier-Stokes equations expressed in curvilinear co-ordinates has been developed for execution on a distributed memory parallel computer. This algorithm offers the ultimate promise of near-supercomputer performance on relatively low-cost parallel computers. The new algorithm is based on an existing serial pressure-correction-based algorithm, and uses domain decomposition to partition the problem onto the processors. The algorithm is demonstrated on an Intel iPSC for a complicated two-dimensional laminar flow problem, for various grid sizes and numbers of processors. Initial results based on straightforward domain decomposition showed that the speed-up per iteration approached 100% parallel efficiency as the grid size was increased, but that the convergence rate of the algorithm deteriorated relative to the original serial algorithm as the number of processors was increased, limiting the speed-up achieved. This degradation in convergence rate was traced to a poorer solution of the pressure correction equation in the concurrent procedure. The addition of a global block correction procedure, implemented via efficient global communications routines, remedied this problem, making the convergence rate of the concurrent procedure equivalent to the serial algorithm. The maximum speed-up achieved with the revised concurrent algorithm was a factor of 12·3 with 16 processors, representing a parallel efficiency of 77%.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100804
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    Unsymmetric conjugate gradient methods and sparse direct methods in finite element flow simulation (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 925-945 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Bi-conjugate gradient ; Conjugate gradient ; Conjugate gradient squared ; Finite elements ; Flow simulation ; Preconditioning ; Vector processor ; Frontal solver ; Navier-Stokes ; Boussinesq approximation Newton method ; Picard iteration ; Galerkin method ; Petrov-Galerkin ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A series of numerical experiments on the Cray XMP/48 and on the Cray 2 investigate the robustness and economy of direct and unsymmetric conjugate gradient (CG) type methods for the solution of matrix systems arising from a 3D FEM discretization of fluid flow problems. Computations on a Boussinesq flow model problem with either ILU preconditioned or unpreconditioned unsymmetric CG methods are presented. Such experiments seem to indicate that the unpreconditioned BICG method is robust for moderately non-linear incompressible Navier-Stokes FEM discretizations and that the ILU preconditioned BICG method is very robust and more economic than an unsymmetric frontal solver when the generous memory of the Cray 2 is exploited to store both the matrix and its preconditioner. We cover some of the programming aspects of direct and iterative methods on a supercomputer and find that direct methods have advantages: the crucial CPU-consuming area of code is compact but overwhelming, and its percentage of total CPU usage is independent of the spectral properties of the matrix involved. An optimal implementation of the unsymmetric CG method is more difficult because its work is related to the spectral distribution of the matrix considered and because there is no single portion of the code that overwhelmingly dominates the CPU usuage.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100806
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    A design method for turbomachinery blading in three-dimensional flow (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 179-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Inverse problem ; Blade design ; Turbomachines ; Finite elements ; Aerodynamic design ; Subsonic flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A mixed spectral finite element scheme for the implementation of a design method for turbomachinery blading in three-dimensional subcritical compressible flow is presented. The method gives the detailed blade shape that would produce a prescribed tangential mean swirl schedule, given the hub and shroud profiles, the number of blades and their stacking position. After a presentation of the mathematical formulation of the design theory, the current numerical approach is described. It is then applied to the design of blading for radial inflow turbine impellers in three-dimensional flow.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100205
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    A control volume finite difference method for buoyant flow in three-dimensional curvilinear non-orthogonal co-ordinates (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 199-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite difference ; Natural convection ; Enclosure flow ; Non-orthogonal co-ordinates ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper presents a control-volume-based finite difference method in non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinates on a local basis in which the vectors and tensors are all based on the general curvilinear coordinates for buoyant flow calculations in arbitrary three-dimensional geometries. The governing equations are transformed from Cartesian co-ordinates into generalized curvilinear co-ordinates. After integrating the set of equations for the control volumes, the finite difference equations are then formulated by a proper treatment of the heat flux and stress tensors and by incorporating the QUICK scheme for the convective terms. The solution procedure then follows the one for three-dimensional Cartesian co-ordinates.Examples are given in problems of natural convection in such three-dimensional enclosures as parallelepiped enclosures and horizontal closed cylinders with differentially heated ends. In the latter case, important applications have been found in crystal growth by means of chemical vapour deposition in a cylindrical ampoule, in which uniform heat fluxes along the two ends are required in order to produce high-quality crystals. Special attention is given to the insertion of baffles in the cylinder to improve the recirculating flow patterns near the two ends.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100206
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    Conference diary (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 603-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100507
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    A least-squares procedure for the solution of transport problems (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 623-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Least-squares method ; Optimal control problem ; Conjugate gradient ; Advection-diffusion equation ; Perturbation series ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper a least-squares formulation associated with a conjugate gradient algorithm is proposed for the solution of transport problems. In this procedure the advection-diffusion equation is first discretized in time using an implicit scheme. At each time step the resulting partial differential equation is replaced by an optimal control problem. This minimization problem involves the minimization of a functional defined via a state equation. This functional is chosen in order to force the numerical solution of the advection-diffusion equation to be equal to the hyperbolic advective part of this equation. The effectiveness of the method is shown through a one-dimensional example involving advective and diffusive transport. No oscillation and high accuracy have been obtained for the entire range of Peclet numbers with a Courant number well in excess of unity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100603
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    A moving finite element method for the population balance equation (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 753-769 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Moving finite element method ; Population balance equation ; Particle growth ; First-order hyperbolic partial differential equation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A moving finite element algorithm has been compared against the upwind-differencing and Smolarkiewicz methods for the population balance equation of multicomponent particle growth processes. Analytical solutions and an error function have been used to test the numerical methods. The moving finite elements technique is much more accurate than other methods for a wide range of parameters. Since this method uses moving grids, it is able to model very narrow particle size distributions. It is also shown that the method can be extended to solve condensational growth problems which include particle curvature and non-continuum mass transfer effects.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100704
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    Two-step explicit finite element method for two-layer flow analysis (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 931-947 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Two-layer Flow ; Two-step Scheme ; Selective Lumping Method ; Ishikari Bay ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite element method for the analysis of two-layer density flows is presented in this paper. The standard Galerkin method based on linear interpolation functions is used to yield discrete spatial variables. For numerical integration in time, an explicit two-step selective lumping method is used. Here it is applied to a flow analysis of Ishikari Bay, at the mouth of Ishikari River. This case demonstrates a procedure that yields a numerically stable solution.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650041004
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    An iterative implementation of the Uzawa algorithm for 3-D fluid flow problems (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 429-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Uzawa algorithm ; Preconditioning ; Incomplete factorization ; Three-dimensional ; Fluid flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new iterative algorithm for the solution of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations by the finite element method is presented. This algorithm is based on a combination of the Uzawa and the Arrow-Hurwicz algorithms and uses a preconditioning technique to enhance convergence. Numerical tests are presented for the cubic cavity problem with two elements, namely the linear brick Q1-P0 and the enriched linear brick Q1+ - P1. It is shown that the proposed methodology is optimal with the enriched element and that the CPU time varies as NEQ1·44, where NEQ is the number of equations.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100406
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    A mixed algorithm for the calculation of rapidly varying fluid flows: The impulsively started circular cylinder (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 949-969 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Navier-Stokes ; Discrete Fourier Transform ; Finite Difference ; Short Convolutions ; No-slip Boundary Condition ; Far Field Condition ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A mixed discrete Fourier transform-Finite difference algorithm is developed and used for the calculation of rapidly changing viscous fluid flows past a circular cylinder. The numerical approach has been designed to overcome certain difficulties arising for high Reynolds number simulations. The foremost advantage of the technique lies in its fast calculations of the convolution sums portraying the convective terms of the governing equations. Third-order spatial discretizations and fourth-order time marching are implemented.New schemes are proposed for the boundary conditions at the solid wall and at large distances. The techniques are tested on a case study with other schemes (summarized by Roache1) in order to obtain an optimal choice. Definite indications on the stability and accuracy of boundary condition schemes are achieved. Support for the statement of dominant importance of boundary conditions is also given.A comparison of computational results with experimental data is presented for the case study of the flow past an impulsively started cylinder at Reynolds number 20.The time development of the symmetrical zone of recirculation, which is formed at an early stage of the flow, has been studied for 300 ≤ Re ≤ 9500 by means of the proposed algorithm. Computational results, comparisons with experimental data2 and discussion of upper limits of validity of the procedure will be presented in a companion paper.
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    Announcements (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 997-998 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650041008
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    Conference diary (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 999-999 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650041009
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    Stability of flow over a rotating disk (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 989-996 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Galerkin ; Spline ; Stability ; Disk ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The perturbation equations which characterize the stability of flow over a rotating infinite disk are derived via strict order of magnitude analysis. These equations contain viscous terms not considered by Stuart,1 curvature and Coriolis terms not considered by Brown,2 and axial velocity terms not considered by Kobayashi et al.3 The strategy for reducing the problem to an algebraic system is Galerkin's method with B-spline discretization. In comparison with the Poiseuille flow solutions of Orszag,4 the method is shown to perform well without placing undue demands on computing capability. Critical values of Reynolds number, wave length, vortex orientation and number of spiral vortices calculated by the present method compare favourably with experimental data of Kobayashi et al.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Boundary node correction and superconvergence in the FEM (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 713-721 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Boundary node correction ; Pressure smoothing ; Finite element method ; Superconvergence ; Posterior error analysis ; Multiple mesh extrapolation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Convergence improvement and superconvergence behaviour, obtained by the simple boundary node correction (BNC) procedure for certain stress-like variables of smoothed FEM solutions, are reported in this paper. The effectiveness of BNC is shown through three examples of steady flow problems, and a posterior error analysis based on the multiple-mesh extrapolation technique has been used for estimating the convergence rates.
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    Application of a vortex lattice numerical model in the calculation of inviscid incompressible flow around delta wings (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 729-740 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Delta wing ; Leading edge separation ; Free vortex ; Iteration Sideslip ; Rolling moment ; Dihedral ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The flow over a flat plate delta wing at incidence and in sideslip is studied using vortex lattice models based on streamwise penelling. For the attached flow problem the effect of sideslip is simulated by modifying the standard vortex lattice model for zero sideslip by aligning the trailing vortices aft of the wing along the resultant flow direction. For the separated flow problem a non-linear vortex lattice model is developed for both zero and non-zero sideslip angles in which the shape and position of the leading edge separation vortices are calculated by an iterative procedure starting from an assumed initial shape. The theoretical values are compared with available theoretical and experimental results.
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    Conference diary (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 849-853 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100709
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    Pressure method for the numerical solution of transient, compressible fluid flows (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1001-1012 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Compressible Fluid Flow ; Numerical Analysis ; Pressure Method ; von Kármán Vortex Street ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper the pressure method for incompressible fluid flow simulation is extended and applied to the numerical simulation of compressible fluid flow. The governing equations, obtained from the physical principles of conservation of momentum, mass and energy, are first studied from a characteristic point of view. Then they are discretized with a semi-implicit finite difference technique in such a fashion that stability is achieved independently of the speed of sound. The resulting algorithm is fast, accurate and particularly efficient in subsonic flow calculations. As an example, the computer simulation of the von Kármán vortex street is described and discussed.
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    Three-dimensional eddy current calculation in multiply connected regions by using the magnetic vector potential (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 881-891 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: There are two methods of using the magnetic vector potential for three-dimensional eddy current calculations. The first method uses the continuous magnetic vector potential which accompanies a scalar potential and has the advantage that no cutting is necessary for the multiply connected region problem. The second method uses the discontinuous magnetic vector potential which accompanies no scalar potential and has the disadvantage that cutting is necessary for the multiply connected region problem. In this paper a formulation using the continuous magnetic vector potential and accompanying scalar potential is given, together with computed results for three three-dimensional multiply connected eddy current problems.
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    Masthead (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990) 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110701
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    A test problem for outflow boundary conditions - flow over a backward-facing step (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 953-967 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite element ; Navier-Stokes ; Outflow boundary conditions ; Backward-facing step ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A numerical solution for steady incompressible flow over a two-dimensional backward-facing step is developed using a Galerkin-based finite element method. The Reynolds number for the simulations is 800. Computations are performed on an extended channel length to minimize the effect of the outflow boundary on the upstream recirculation zones. A thorough mesh refinement study is performed to validate the results. Extensive profile data at several channel locations are provided to allow future testing and evaluation of outflow boundary conditions.
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    Conference diary (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 1039-1042 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110710
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    Simple test calculations concerning finite element applications to numerical weather prediction (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 209-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite elements ; Atmospheric flow ; Petrov-Galerkin ; Staggered grids ; Hybrid scheme ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Different finite element schemes are investigated with respect to their application in numerical weather prediction. Different methods of staggering of variables are considered. The tests concern the accuracy of a Rossby wave prediction and the generation of noise in a geostrophic adjustment process. Theoretical results concerning the noise level of different schemes are confirmed by computations with a one-dimensional model. Favourable results were obtained by hybrid schemes, using different Galerkin treatments for different terms of the dynamic equations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110207
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    Thermocapillary flow and natural convection in a melt column with an unknown melt/solid interface (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 12 (1991), S. 59-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Thermocapillary flow ; Natural convection ; Melt/solid interface ; Grashof number ; Marangoni number ; Prandtl number ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A vertical melt column set up between an upper heating rod and a lower sample rod, i.e. the so-called halfzone system, is a convenient experimental tool for studying convection in the melt in floating-zone crystal growth. In order to help understand the convection observed in the melt column, a computer model has been developed to describe steady state, axisymmetrical thermocapillary flow and natural convection in the melt. The governing equations and boundary conditions are expressed in general non-orthogonal curvilinear co-ordinates in order to accurately treat the unknown melt/solid interface as well as all other physical boundaries in the system. The effects of key dimensionless variables on the following items are discussed: (1)convection and temperature distribution in the melt; (2) the shape of the melt/solid interface; (3) the height of the melt column. These dimensionless variables are the Grashof, Marangoni and Prandtl numbers.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    Masthead (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 12 (1991) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650120201
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    Adaptive grid computation of three-dimensional natural convection in horizontal high-pressure mercury lamps (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 12 (1991), S. 143-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Adaptive grid computation ; Natural convection ; Navier-Stokes flow ; Curvilinear coordinates ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A three-dimensional model has been developed to compute the thermofluid transport within a discharge arctube. The model has proved very useful for guiding the choice of design parameters to optimize the lamp performance. However, uncertainties exist with respect to quantitative aspects of the physical model, especially those related to radiation heat transfer. In the present work a grid refinement procedure and an adaptive grid method are used to improve the quantitative accuracy of the model and to help improve the physical modelling. The adaptive grid method, based on the multiple one-dimensional equidistribution concept, can responsively redistribute the grids to optimize the grid resolutions. Adaptive grid solutions modify the predicted maximum gas temperature, the buoyancy-induced convection strength, the location of the high-temperature core, and the wall temperature profiles. The adaptive grid solutions show more consistent trends when compared to the measurements. On the basis of the quantitatively more definite information, adjustments can be made with regard to the uncertainties of the physical model.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    Masthead (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110401
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    Non-oscillatory shock-capturing finite element methods for the one-dimensional compressible Euler equations (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 405-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: TVD ; TVB ; ENO ; Finite element ; Euler equations ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A class of shock-capturing Petrov-Galerkin finite element methods that use high-order non-oscillatory interpolations is presented for the one-dimensional compressible Euler equations. Modified eigenvalues which employ total variation diminishing (TVD), total variation bounded (TVB) and essentially non-oscillatory (ENO) mechanisms are introduced into the weighting functions. A one-pass Euler explicit transient algorithm with lumped mass matrix is used to integrate the equations. Numerical experiments with Burgers' equation, the Riemann problem and the two-blast-wave interaction problem are presented. Results indicate that accurate solutions in smooth regions and sharp and non-oscillatory solutions at discontinuities are obtainable even for strong shocks.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110405
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    Fourier analysis of the Eulerian-Lagrangian least squares collocation method (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 427-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Eulerian-Lagrangian ; Least squares ; Transport ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A Fourier analysis was performed in order to study the numerical characteristics of the effective Eulerian-Lagrangian least squares collocation (ELLESCO) method. As applied to the transport equation, ELLESCO requires a C1-continuous trial space and has two degrees of freedom per node. Two coupled discrete equations are generated for a typical interior node for a one-dimensional problem. Each degree of freedom is expanded separately in a Fourier series and is substituted into the discrete equations to form a homogeneous matrix equation. The required singularity of the system matrix leads to a ‘physical’ amplification factor that characterizes the numerical propagation of the initial conditions and a ‘computational’ one that can affect stability.Unconditional stability for time-stepping weights greater than or equal to 0-5 is demonstrated. With advection only, ELLESCO accurately propagates spatial wavelengths down to 2Δx. As the dimensionless dispersion number becomes large, implicit formulations accurately propagate the phase, but the higher-wave-number components are underdamped. At large dispersion numbers, phase errors combined with underdamping cause oscillations in Crank-Nicolson solutions. These effects lead to limits on the temporal discretization when dispersion is present. Increases in the number of collocation points per element improve the spectral behaviour of ELLESCO.
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    Solution techniques for the vorticity-streamfunction formulation of two-dimensional unsteady incompressible flows (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 515-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Vorticity-streamfunction ; Unsteady incompressible flows ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A review of our solution techniques for the vorticity-streamfunction formulation of two-dimensional incompressible flows is presented. While both the viscous and inviscid cases are considered, the derivation of the proper finite element formulations for multiply connected domains is emphasized. In all formulations associated with the vorticity transport equation, the streamline upwind/Petrov-Galerkin method is used. The adaptive implicit-explicit and grouped element-by-element solution strategies are employed to maximize the computational efficiency. The solutions obtained in all test cases compare well with solutions from previously published investigations. The convergence and benchmark studies performed in this paper show that the solution techniques presented are accurate, reliable and efficient.
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    Three-dimensional hydrodynamics on finite elements. Part II: Non-linear time-stepping model (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 12 (1991), S. 507-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite elements ; Hydrodynamics ; Three-dimensional hydrodynamics ; Non-linear hydrodynamics ; Tidal hydrodynamics ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The development and application of a non-linear 3D hydrodynamic model are described. The model is based on the wave equation rearrangement of the primitive 3D shallow water equations with a general eddy viscosity formulation for the vertical shear. A Galerkin procedure is used to discretize these on simple sixnode elements: linear triangles in the horizontal with linear variations in the vertical. Resolution of surface, bottom and interfacial boundary layers is facilitated and total flexibility is preserved for specifying spatial and temporal variations in the vertical viscosity and density fields. A semi-implicit time-stepping algorithm allows the solutions for elevation and velocity to be uncoupled during each time step. The elevation solution is essentially a 2D wave equation calculation with a stationary sparse matrix representing the gravity waves. With nodal quadrature the subsequent velocity calculation is achieved by factoring only a tridiagonal diffusion matrix representing the vertical viscous terms. As a result the overall calculation scales computationally as only a 2D problem but provides the full 3D solution. Application to field-scale problems is illustrated for the English Channel/Southern Bight system and the Lake Maracaibo system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650120602
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    Iterative adaptive implicit-explicit methods for flow problems (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 867-880 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Adaptive implicit-explicit ; Grouped element-by-element ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Iterative versions of the adaptive implicit-explicit method are presented for the finite element computation of flow problems with particular reference to incompressible flows and advection-diffusion problems. The iterative techniques employed are the grouped element-by-element and generalized minimum residual methods.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110611
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    Finite element solution of flow between eccentric cylinders with viscous dissipation (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 849-865 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite elements ; Navier-stokes ; Rotating cylinders ; Viscous dissipation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A computational study of viscous flow between two eccentrically rotating cylinders is presented in which the effect of viscous dissipation is taken into account. The space discretization is based on piecewise linear finite elements with velocity stabilization, while the method of characteristics is used for time integration. Numerical results illustrate the efficiency of the adopted approach.
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    Finite element methods for one-dimensional combustion problems (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 893-906 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Adaptive ; Characteristic ; Flux-corrected Transport ; Petrov-Galerkin ; Finite Elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Three adaptive finite element methods based on equidistribution, elliptic grid generation and hybrid techniques are used to study a system of reaction-diffusion equations. It is shown that these techniques must employ sub-equidistributing meshes in order to avoid ill-conditioned matrices and ensure the convergence of the Newton method. It is also shown that elliptic grid generation methods require much longer computer times than hybrid and static rezoning procedures. The paper also includes characteristic, Petrov-Galerkin and flux-corrected transport algorithms which are used to study a linear convection-reaction-diffusion equation that has an analytical solution. The flux-corrected transport technique yields monotonic solutions in good agreement with the analytical solution, whereas the Petrov-Galerkin method with quadratic upstream-weighted functions results in very diffused temperature profiles. The characteristic finite element method which uses a Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation overpredicts the flame front location and exhibits overshoots and undershoots near the temperature discontinuity. These overshoots and undershoots are due to the interpolation of the results of the Lagrangian operator onto the fixed Eulerian grid used to solve the reaction-diffusion operator, and indicate that characteristic finite element methods are not able to eliminate numerical diffusion entirely.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110613
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    Announcement - open boundary condition (OBC) minisymposium (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 952-952 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110703
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    The thermoconvective instability of plane poiseuille flow heated from below: A proposed benchmark solution for open boundary flows (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 1001-1013 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Outflow boundary conditions ; Thermal instability ; Richardson extrapolation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The transient two-dimensional Navier-Stokes and energy equations have been solved numerically for flow in a horizontal channel heated from below in the Boussinesq limit. For the set of dimensionless parameters chosen, the flow consists of periodic transverse travelling waves resulting from a convective instability. The solution is proposed as a benchmark for the application of outflow boundary conditions (OBC) in time-dependent flows with strong buoyancy effects. Richardson extrapolation in both time and space is used in obtaining the solution. Field plots and profiles of velocity, temperature, vorticity and streamfunction at selected axial positions and times are also presented from the finest grid and smallest time step calculation. The calculations have been made on an extended domain so that the effects of OBC used in the present study would be negligible in the test region.
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    Global convergence of inexact Newton methods for transonic flow (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 1075-1095 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Inexact Newton methods ; Global convergence ; Finite elements ; Full potential equation ; Damping strategies ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In computational fluid dynamics, non-linear differential equations are essential to represent important effects such as shock waves in transonic flow. Discretized versions of these non-linear equations are solved using iterative methods. In this paper an inexact Newton method using the GMRES algorithm of Saad and Schultz is examined in the context of the full potential equation of aerodynamics. In this setting, reliable and efficient convergence of Newton methods is difficult to achieve. A poor initial solution guess often leads to divergence or very slow convergence. This paper examines several possible solutions to these problems, including a standard local damping strategy for Newton's method and two continuation methods, one of which utilizes interpolation from a coarse grid solution to obtain the initial guess on a finer grid. It is shown that the continuation methods can be used to augment the local damping strategy to achieve convergence for difficult transonic flow problems. These include simple wings with shock waves as well as problems involving engine power effects. These latter cases are modelled using the assumption that each exhaust plume is isentropic but has a different total pressure and/or temperature than the freestream.
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    Announcements (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 12 (1991), S. 197-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650120207
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    Numerical solutions for impulsively started and decelerated viscous flow past a circular cylinder (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 12 (1991), S. 383-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Circular cylinder ; Impulsively started flow ; Decelerating flow ; Finite difference solution ; Vortex shedding ; Drag and lift coefficients ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite difference study of the unsteady two-dimensional flow past a circular cylinder has been conducted using vorticity and streamfunction as the dependent variables. The two cases considered were impulsively started and decelerated flows. The impulsively started problem was considered to validate the method and has yielded results which agree quite closely with existing results from both calculations and experiments. The decelerated flow analysis produced results which can be explained in terms of induced velocity effects from existing wake vortices for both suddenly stopped and uniformly decelerated flows.
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    Higher-order difference approximations of the Navier-Stokes equations (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 12 (1991), S. 491-506 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Higher-order ; Finite differences ; Navier-Stokes ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A discretization scheme is presented which, unlike the standard higher-order finite difference and spline methods, does not give rise to unphysical solution modes and boundary conditions. Practical application of this scheme is achieved via the DCMG algorithm recently developed by the same author, which turns out to be able to find a converged solution of the ψ-ζ Navier-Stokes equations in about the same time for highorder as for low-order discretization schemes. Examples are presented for the driven cavity problem to explore the accuracy of the new method. Finally, a local analysis is performed of the corner singularities which exist in driven cavity flow, and their effect on the overall accuracy of the solutions obtained by polynomial interpolation methods is investigated.
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    Cavitating flows through a cascade of flat plates (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 12 (1991), S. 577-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Cascade ; Cavitating flows ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The purpose of this research is to consider the flow through a cascade of bluff bodies, behind which there exist cavities, by using the free streamline theory. When the wake extends to infinity, both the free surface and the velocity on the free surface are unknown and the cavitation number cannot be specified arbitrarily. Given the geometry of the cascade, a numerical method is described in which we obtain the shape of the free surface and the cavitation number. We obtain the relationship between the contraction coefficient, cavitation number and drag coefficient.
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    Euler analysis of transonic stator-rotor interaction using a finite volume method (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 12 (1991), S. 625-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Single-stage compressor ; Moving grid finite volume method ; Stator-rotor potential interaction ; Inviscid wake-rotor interaction ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A generalized finite volume method that can solve the Euler equations for the stator and rotor parts of stage flow in similar formulations is presented. The method consists of a new moving grid finite volume formulation applied to the rotor region and the existing fixed grid finite volume method used in the stator region, with the data transfer made by an interpolation procedure at the sliding surface in between. The accuracy of the method has been demonstrated on a simple cascade flow before the time-dependent compressor stage flow is fully investigated. The transonic stator-rotor flow interaction is elucidated within the inviscid and rotational flow limit.
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    Conference diary (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 12 (1991), S. 705-708 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Simulation of two- and three-dimensional internal subsonic flows using a finite element method (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 12 (1991), S. 683-704 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite element ; Three-dimensional flows ; Parallelization ; Internal subsonic flows ; Conjugate gradient ; ILU preconditioning ; Uzawa algorithm ; Semi-implicit scheme ; Combustion engine ; Moving mesh ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper a finite element method is presented to predict internal subsonic flows. Using a low-Mach-number approximation, the pressure is decomposed into a mean thermodynamic contribution and a dynamic fluctuation to deal with the complex role of the pressure in internal aerodynamics. A semi-implicit time integration and a finite element method with a moving mesh are described to take into account complex geometries and moving boundaries. An Uzawa algorithm accelerated by a preconditioned residual method is introduced to solve the coupled non-symmetric linear system for the velocity components and the pressure. An efficient conjugate gradient method combined with an incomplete LU preconditioning is used to solve the non-symmetric linear systems arising from the discretization. The implementation of the numerical scheme on parallel supercomputers is also discussed. Efficient algorithms for the finite element assembly phase and for the solution of linear systems are described which take advantage of the parallel architecture of the new generation of supercomputers. With this technique a global speed-up of 10 is achieved on a supercomputer with eight processors. To illustrate the capabilities of the numerical method, 2D and 3D simulations of flows in the combustion chamber of a reciprocating engine and around the combustor dome of a gas turbine engine are presented.
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    Radiation boundary conditions for finite element solutions of generalized wave equations (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 12 (1991), S. 765-783 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Radiation boundary conditions ; Open boundary conditions ; Wave equation ; Finite elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: On the basis of the dispersion relation of the generalized linear wave equation we derive a radiation boundary condition (RBC) that explicitly incorporates the physical parameters of the governing equation into the form of the boundary condition. Using finite element techniques we investigate the properties of the generalized RBC by examining forced and unforced solutions to the telegraph and Klein-Gordon equations in one dimension. The results show that within the limits of the physical parameters of the problem the generalized RBC is an improvement over the Sommerfeld RBC when the governing equation contains additional terms that influence the propagation. These gains are achieved without introducing any computational overhead. A two-dimensional example suggests that the 1D findings can generalize to higher dimensions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650120806
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    An axisymmetric model of separated flow about a sphere using discrete vortices (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 12 (1991), S. 809-823 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Axisymmetric flow ; Sphere Vortices ; Discrete vortices ; Cloud in cell ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A procedure for the calculation of the starting flow around a sphere in a uniform stream is presented. The flow field is simulated by a flow of ideal fluid with embedded vorticity. With the assumption that the flow remains symmetric, the vorticity field is approximated by a number of discrete circular line vortices. The image vortices to satisfy the boundary condition for the normal component of velocity on the surface of the sphere are determined by Butler's sphere theorem. The Stokes streamfunction is used for the field description. The motion of vortices is tracked by the vortex-in-cell method, the cells being formed by square grids.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650120902
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    Three-dimensional spectral approximations to Stokes flow between eccentrically rotating cylinders (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 217-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Spectral methods ; Journal bearing problem ; Stokes flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A three-dimensional spectral algorithm for the solution of Stokes flow between eccentrically rotating cylinders is described. Included in the model are pressure boundary conditions at the two ends of the finite length cylinders and the effect of a fluid line source on the inner cylinder. A comparison of results for the load and couple on the inner cylinder is made with those available from lubrication theory in the absence of a line source. Good agreement is shown for long, short and finite journal bearings when the various geometrical assumptions inherent in the lubrication analysis are satisfied.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650130206
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    A coupled multigrid-domain-splitting technique for simulating incompressible flows in geometrically complex domains (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 269-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Unsteady ; Navier-Stokes ; Domain decomposition ; Schwarz ; QUICK ; Multigrid ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper describes a domain decomposition numerical procedure for solving the Navier-Stokes equations in regions with complex geometries. The numerical method includes a modified version of QUICK (quadratic upstream interpolation convective kinematics) for the formulation of convective terms and a central difference scheme for the diffusion terms. A second-order-accurate predictor-corrector scheme is employed for the explicit time stepping. Although the momentum equations are solved independently on each subdomain, the pressure field is computed simultaneously on the entire flow field. A multigrid technique coupled with a Schwarz-like iteration method is devised to solve the pressure equation over the composite domains. The success of this strategy depends crucially on appropriate methods for specifying intergrid pressure boundary conditions on subdomains. A proper method for exchanging information among subdomains during the Schwarz sweep is equally important to the success of the multigrid solution for the overall pressure field. These methods are described and subsequently applied to two forced convection flow problems involving complex geometries to demonstrate the power and versatility of the technique. The resulting pressure and velocity fields exhibit excellent global consistency. The ability to simulate complex flow fields with this method provides a powerful tool for analysis and prediction of mixing and transport phenomenon.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650130302
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    A compressible three-dimensional design method for radial and mixed flow turbomachinery blades (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 599-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Radial turbomachinery ; Inverse design ; Potential flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A fully three-dimensional compressible inverse design method for the design of radial and mixed flow turbomachines is described. In this method the distribution of the circumferentially averaged swirl velocity rVθ on the meridional geometry of the impeller is prescribed and the corresponding blade shape is computed iteratively. Two approaches are presented for solving the compressible flow problem. In the approximate approach the pitchwise variation in density is neglected and as a result the algorithm is simple and efficient. In the exact approach the velocities and density are computed throughout the three-dimensional flow field by employing a fast fourier transform in the tangential direction. The results of the approximate and exact approach are compared for the case of a high-speed (subsonic) radial-inflow turbine and it is shown that the difference between the blade shapes computed by the two methods is well within the manufacturing tolerances. The method was validated by calculating the flow through a designed high-speed radial-inflow turbine by using a three-dimensional inviscid Euler solver. Very good correlation was obtained between the specified and computed rVθ-distributions.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650130505
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    A practical implementation of turbulence models for the computation of three-dimensional separated flows (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 775-796 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Compressible viscous flows ; Implicit methods ; Upwind scheme ; Turbulence modelling ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An upwind MUSCL-type implicit scheme for the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations is presented and details on the implementation for three-dimensional flows of a ‘diagonal’ upwind implicit operator are developed. Turbulence models for separated flows are also described with an emphasis on the numerical specificities of the Johnson-King non-equilibrium model. Good predictions of separated two- and three-dimensional flows are demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650130608
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    Multigrid flow solutions in complex two-dimensional geometries (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 507-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Multigrid ; Body-fitted co-ordinates ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite difference solution algorithm is described for use on two-dimensional curvilinear meshes generated by the solution of the transformed Laplace equation. The efficiency of the algorithm is improved through the use of a full approximation scheme (FAS) multigrid algorithm using an extended pressure correction scheme as smoother. The multigrid algorithm is implemented as a fixed V-cycle through the grid levels with a constant number of sweeps being performed at each grid level.The accuracy and efficiency of the numerical code are validated using comparisons of the flow over two backward step configurations. Results show close agreement with previous numerical predictions and experimental data. Using a standard Cartesian co-ordinate flow solver, the multigrid efficiency obtainable in a rectangular system is shown to be reproducible in two-dimensional body-fitted curvilinear co-ordinates. Comparisons with a standard one-grid method show the multigrid method, on curvilinear meshes, to give reductions in CPU time of up to 93%.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650130408
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    Application of Taylor-least squares finite element to three-dimensional advection-diffusion equation (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 759-773 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Advection ; Diffusion ; Finite element ; Taylor-least squares ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Taylor-least squares (TLS) scheme, developed to solve the unsteady advection-diffusion equation for advection-dominated cases in one and two dimensions, is extended to three dimensions and applied to some 3D examples to demonstrate its accuracy. The serendipity Hermite element is selected as an interpolation function on a linear hexagonal element. As a validation of the code and as a simple sensitivity analysis of the scheme on the different types of shape functions, the 2D example problem of the previous study is solved again. Four 3D problems, two with advection and two with advection-diffusion, are also solved. The first two examples are advection of a steep 3D Gaussian hill in rotational flow fields. For the advection-diffusion problems with fairly general flow fields and diffusion tensors, analytical solutions are obtained using the ray method. Despite the steepness of the initial conditions, very good agreement is observed between the analytical and TLS solutions.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650130607
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    Numerical method for unsteady compressible boundary layers driven by compression or expansion wave (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 797-804 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Unsteady laminar compressible boundary layer ; Non-iterative finite difference method ; Semisimilarity transformation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A numerical analysis is presented for the unsteady compressible laminar boundary layer driven by a compression or expansion wave. Approximate or series expansion methods have been used for the problems because of the characteristics of the governing equations, such as non-linearity, coupling with the thermal boundary layer equation and initial conditions. Here a transformation of the governing equations and the numerical linearization technique are introduced to deal with the difficulties. First, the governing equations are transformed for the initial conditions by Howarth and semisimilarity variables. These transformations reduce the number of independent variables from three to two and the governing equations from partial to ordinary differential equations at the initial point. Next, the numerical linearization technique is introduced for the non-linearity and the coupling with the thermal boundary layer equation. Because the non-linear terms are linearized without sacrifice of numerical accuracy, the solutions can be obtained without numerical iterations. Therefore the exact numerical solution, not approximate or series expansion, can be obtained. Compared with the approximate or series expansion method, this method is much improved. Results are compared with the series expansion solutions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650130609
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    Stability analysis of finite difference schemes for two-dimensional advection-diffusion problems (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 579-597 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Diffusion-convection ; Fourier analysis ; Stability ; Artificial viscosity ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper develops a stability analysis of second-order, two- and three-time-level difference schemes for the 2D linear diffusion-convection model problem. The corresponding 1D schemes have been extensively analysed in two previous papers by the same author. Most of these 2D schemes obviously generalize 1D schemes, i.e. their stencil only uses the nearest points and defines ‘product difference schemes’; however, the stability results are not always the exact generalization of the 1D stability properties. Moreover, the 1D nonviscous MFTCS scheme may only be generalized if one uses a nine-point scheme. Numerical experiments for different values of the cell Reynolds number allow a comparison to be made between the theoretical and numerical stability limits.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650130504
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    Calculating hydrodynamics problems for a liquid film flowing radially on a flat horizontal surface (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 655-666 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Two-phase jet ; Gas-liquid spray ; Liquid film ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A mathematical hydrodynamic model of a thin liquid film flowing radially on a flat horizontal surface has been elaborated. The model consisted of continuity and momentum equations which were resolved by means of the integral method. In fact, several versions of the model were examined; they differed mainly in film velocity distribution. The predictions of the different versions were then compared with liquid film thicknesses obtained from experimental investigation. The best version was applied in further calculations.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650130508
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    A moving grid method applied to one-dimensional non-stationary flame propagation (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 869-882 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Flame propagation ; Moving grid method ; Combustion ; Method of lines ; Differential algebraic system ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The paper presents applications of a moving grid method to the combined problem of ignition and premixed flame propagation in a closed vessel. This method belongs to the general class of adaptive grid techniques for the numerical integration of evolutionary partial differential equations and is based on the method of lines with variable node position. In the present case the motion of the grid and the solution of the partial differential equations are strongly coupled by an implicit formulation. The problem is reduced to an initial value problem for a stiff differential-algebraic system. The continuously moving grid is determined by the equidistribution of a positive function which depends on the solution of the partial differential equations. A differential-algebraic system solver is used for the time integration of the initial value problem. The numerical results of the test problems demonstrate the computational efficiency and the capability of the method to resolve the main features of the solution.
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    Numerical computation of unsteady incompressible flow in complex geometry using a composite multigrid technique (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 971-997 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Unsteady Navier-Stokes ; Composite multigrid method ; Fractional step method ; Staggered grid ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper presents a composite multigrid method and its application to a geometrically complex flow. The treatment of the interior boundary conditions within a composite multigrid strategy is described in detail for a 1D model equation. For the Navier-Stokes equations a staggered grid technique is adopted for spatial discretization and a fractional step method is used for the time advance. Lid-driven cavity flows are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
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    Grey-body surface radiation coupled with conduction and convection for general geometries (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 1029-1053 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Grey-body radiation ; Finite element method ; Incompressible fluid flow ; Macrosurfaces ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper presents a numerical technique for the simulation of the effects of grey-diffuse surface radiation on the temperature field of fluid flows using FIDAP, a general purpose incompressible, viscous fluid code. The radiating surface relationships assume a non-participating medium, constant surface temperature and heat fluxes at the discretized elemental level.The technique involves the decoupling of energy and radiation exchange equations. A concept of macrosurfaces, each containing a number of radiating boundary surfaces, is introduced. These boundary macroelements then carry the information from the radiating boundary into the fluid regime. A number of simulations illustrating the algorithm are presented.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650130806
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    A decomposed Crouzeix-Raviart element for the finite element solution of the Navier-Stokes equation (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 1073-1083 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Crouzeix-Raviart ; Analytical integration ; Brezzi-Babuška condition ; Navier-Stokes ; Finite element method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A methodology for the decomposition of the Crouzeix-Raviart finite element into six linear subelements is described. The resulting element is shown to satisfy the Brezzi-Babuška compatibility condition. The error bounds are also established. A comparison in accuracy between this and the standard Crouzeix-Raviart element is presented for driven cavity flows. Other results include the execution time for the DCR element and the Crouzeix-Raviart element along with both analytical and numerical integration. It is shown that the decomposed element results in shorter execution times with only marginal changes in accuracy.
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    Lagrangian finite element method for free surface Navier-Stokes flow using fractional step methods (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 805-840 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite element method ; Lagrangian description ; Fractional step method ; Navier-Stokes equation ; Linear interpolation ; Free surface ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper presents a finite element analysis based on the Lagrangian description for unsteady incompressible viscous fluid flow with a free surface. The behaviour of the fluid is expressed by the unsteady Navier-Stokes equation. For numerical integration in time the fractional step method is used. This method is useful because one can use the same linear interpolation functions for both velocity and pressure. In this paper, four variations of the fractional step method are presented and the numerical results are compared. To confirm the effectiveness of these methods, solitary wave propagation is analysed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650130702
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    Shock capturing for steady, supersonic, two-dimensional isentropic flow (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 883-894 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Shock capturing ; Steady ; Supersonic ; Isentropic ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite difference scheme is presented for the solution of the two-dimensional equations of steady, supersonic, isentropic flow. The scheme incorporates numerical characteristic decomposition, is shock-capturing by design and incorporates space marching as a result of the assumption that the flow is wholly supersonic in at least one space dimension. Results are shown for problems involving oblique hydraulic jumps and reflection from a wall.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    Conference diary (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 937-938 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650130710
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    Magnetohydrodynamic steady flow computations in three dimensions (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 917-936 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Magnetohydrodynamics ; CFD ; Thermal buoyancy ; Iterative algorithms ; Explicit algorithms ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A complete three-dimensional mathematical model has been developed governing the steady, laminar flow of an incompressible fluid subjected to a magnetic field and including internal heating due to the Joule effect, heat transfer due to conduction, and thermally induced buoyancy forces. The thermally induced buoyancy was accounted for via the Boussinesq approximation. The entire system of eight partial differential equations was solved by integrating intermittently a system of five fluid flow equations and a system of three magnetic field equations and transferring the information through source-like terms. An explicit Runge-Kutta time-stepping algorithm and a finite difference scheme with artificial compressibility were used in the general non-orthogonal curvilinear boundary-conforming co-ordinate system. Comparison of computational results and known analytical solutions in two and three dimensions demonstrates high accuracy and smooth monotone convergence of the iterative algorithm. Results of test cases with thermally induced buoyancy demonstrate the stabilizing effect of the magnetic field on the recirculating flows.
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    Large-scale computer simulation of fully developed turbulent channel flow with heat transfer (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 999-1028 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Turbulence ; Channel ; Heat transfer ; Spectral ; Numerical ; Simulation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Recently, with the advent of supercomputers, there has been considerable interest in the use of direct numerical simulation to obtain information about turbulent shear flow at low Reynolds number. This paper presents a pseudospectral technique to solve the full three-dimensional time-dependent Navier-Stokes and advection-diffusion equations without the use of subgrid-scale modelling. The technique has not been previously used for fully developed turbulent channel flow simulation and is based on methods applied in other contexts. The emphasis of this paper is to provide a reasonably detailed account of how the simulation is done rather than to present new calculations of turbulence. The details of an algorithm for turbulent channel flow simulation and the grid and time step sizes needed to integrate through transient behaviour to steady state turbulence have not been published before and are presented here.Results from a Cray-2 simulation of fully developed turbulent flow in a channel with heat transfer are presented along with a critical comparison between experiment and computation. The first- and second-order moments agree well with experimental measurements; the agreement is poor for higher-order moments such as the skewness and flatness near the walls of the channel. Detailed information given about the effects of spatial grid resolution on a computed results is important for estimating the size of the computation required to study various aspects of a turbulent flow.
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    Masthead (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650130901
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    A finite element formulation for laminar flow of a fluid with microstructure (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 1267-1287 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Micropolar fluid ; Finite element formulation ; Laminar flow ; Constricted tube ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite element formulation for the steady laminar flow of an incompressible fluid with microstructure has been developed. The particular fluids considered are commonly known as micropolar fluids, in which case suspended particulate microstructures are modelled by an ‘extended’ continuum formulation. The particle microspin is a new kinematic variable which is independent of the classical vorticity vector and thereby allows relative rotation between particles and the surrounding fluid. This formulation also gives rise to couple stresses in addition to classical force or traction stresses. The finite element formulation utilizes a variational approach and imposes conservation of mass through a penalty function. A general boundary condition for microspin has been incorporated whereby microspin at a solid boundary is constrained to be proportional to the fluid vorticity. The proportionality constant in this case can vary from zero to unity. Sample solutions are presented for fully developed flow through a straight tube and compared with an analytical solution. Results are also generated for flow through a constricted tube and compared with a Newtonian fluid solution.
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    Time-dependent solutions of viscous incompressible flows in moving co-ordinates (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 1311-1328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Incompressible Navier-Stokes ; Time-dependent ; Moving co-ordinate systems ; Finite volume ; Fractional step ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A time-accurate solution method for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in generalized moving coordinates is presented. A finite volume discretization method that satisfies the geometric conservation laws for time-varying computational cells is used. The discrete equations are solved by a fractional step solution procedure. The solution is second-order-accurate in space and first-order-accurate in time. The pressure and the volume fluxes are chosen as the unknowns to facilitate the formulation of a consistent Poisson equation and thus to obtain a robust Poisson solver with favourable convergence properties. The method is validated by comparing the solutions with other numerical and experimental results. Good agreement is obtained in all cases.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650131008
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  • 93
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    Three-dimensional streamlined finite elements: Design of extrusion dies (1992)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 14 (1992), S. 13-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Streamlined finite elements ; Extrusion ; Free surface flows ; Die design ; Three-dimensional flows ; Three-dimensional finite elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A method to determine three-dimensional die shapes from extrudate swell and vice versa is presented using a three-dimensional Galerkin finite element method based on a streamlined formulation with the fluid velocities and pressures represented by triquadratic and trilinear basis functions respectively. The three-dimensional streamlined method, an extension of the two-dimensional formulation, uses successive streamsurfaces to form a boundary-conforming co-ordinate system. This produces a fixd, computational domain leaving the spatial location of the elements as unknowns to be determined with the standard primary variables (u, v, w, p). The extrudate produced by a die of a given shape is considered for moderate Reynolds numbers. Finally, the method is extended to address the problem of die design, where a die profile is sought to produce a target extrudate shape.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650140103
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  • 94
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    Towards the numerical simulation of the horizontal slug front (1992)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 14 (1992), S. 127-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Numerical simulation ; Slug flow ; Turbulence ; Dissipation ; Open surface ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Steps towards the numerical simulation of the flow behind the slug front in horizontal slug flow performed with a streamfunction-vorticity representation of the mean flow and an energy dissipation model for the turbulence are discussed. The flow field consists of two vortices, one saddle point and four stagnation regions. Attention is focused on the following boundary conditions: moving wall jet, moving wall, free jet velocity discontinuity and vertical liquid-gas open surface. A dissipation flux boundary condition is suggested to simulate the interaction of the turbulent eddies with the open surface. A method to assess the necessity to use a transport model equation for the dissipation rather than a geometric specification of a length is suggested. Three different ways to characterize the mixing zone length are proposed.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650140202
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  • 95
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    A fire field model implemented in a parallel computing environment (1992)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 14 (1992), S. 175-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Parallel computing ; Transputer ; CFD ; Fire simulation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper describes the implementation of a fire field model in the parallel computing environment offered by multiple transputers. The fire model is built into the general purpose SIMPLE-based CFD code HARWELL-FLOW3D. The technique of domain decomposition has been applied tb convert the conventional serial version of FLOW3D into a code capable of efficiently utilizing an arbitrary number of transputers. Fire simulations consisting of up to 24 000 computational cells are performed on parallel systems with up to 15-processors. The run time for this simulation has been reduced from over 4 days on a single processor to just over 8 h on the 15-processor system. An interactive graphics system has also been developed which runs in parallel with the main computations.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650140205
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  • 96
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    Hot flow analysis of swirling sudden-expansion dump combustor (1992)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 14 (1992), S. 217-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Swirling flow ; Swirling angle ; Combustion flow ; κ-∊ model ; Algebraic ; Reynolds stress ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Hot flow of a sudden-expansion dump combustor with swirling is analysed by employing an infinite chemical reaction rate. Turbulence properties are closed using one type of algebraic Reynolds stress model and two types of κ-∊ model. One of the κ-∊ models includes a swirling effect modification to the ε-equation. Computations have been performed by the SIMPLE-C algorithm with a power-law scheme. The calculated results of the momentum fields and turbulence quantities for swirling flow are compared with the available experimental data. It is shown that the standard κ-∊ model gives poor prediction of the mean velocity, particularly the tangential velocity. For the hot flow analysis of a sudden-expansion dump combustor with swirling flow it is suggested that it is necessary to use the modified κ-∊ model or algebraic Reynolds stress model.
    Additional Material: 30 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650140208
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  • 97
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    Simulation of supersonic and hypersonic flows (1992)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 14 (1992), S. 267-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Compressible flow ; Hypersonic ; Perfect gas ; Time-dependent ; Convection method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A simple convection algorithm for simulation of time-dependent supersonic and hypersonic flows of a perfect but viscous gas is described. The algorithm is based on conservation and convection of mass, momentum and energy in a grid of rectangular cells. Examples are given for starting flow in a shock tube and oblique shocks generated by a wedge at Mach numbers up to 30·4. Good comparisons are achieved with well-known perfect gas flows.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650140303
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  • 98
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    Compressible gas flow between closely spaced plates (1992)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 14 (1992), S. 299-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Compressible gas bearing ; Choked flow ; Finite element method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A theoretical analysis is presented to solve numerically the steady state Navier-Stokes equations, continuity equation and energy equation for a compressible ideal gas flow between two closely spaced, in general nonparallel, infinitely wide plates (siider bearing). The analysis includes the gas inertia effect and covers both non-choked and choked flows. The results of the present analysis compare very well with both analytical and experimental results of compressible flow in a slider bearing comprised of two parallel and stationary plates. It was found that for choked flow the gas inertia effect is important, while the consideration of the energy equation does not affect the accuracy of the calculated flow substantially. Finally, the stiffness of a slider bearing is presented for different geometrical characteristics of the bearing.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650140305
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  • 99
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    An accurate computation for rapidly varied flow in an open channel (1992)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 14 (1992), S. 361-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Rapidly varied flow ; Open channel ; Numerical simulation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new method combining the Preissmann four-point scheme and the Holly-Preissmann reach-back scheme is introduced to solve the rapidly varied flow problem in an open channel. The Preissmann four-point scheme is well known for the computation of one-dimensional unsteady flow. The Holly-Preissmann reach-back scheme integrates the Holly-Preissmann two-point scheme with the concept of reach-back characteristics, which allows the characteristics to project several time steps beyond the current time level. A spontaneous surge formation case is used to demonstrate and evaluate the applicability of the new method. It has been found that the results from this method are quite compatible with those of Preissmann four-point scheme. In addition, with the appropriate choice of the number of reach-back time steps, this new method can always avoid the numerical oscillation which usually exists when one uses the Preissmann four-point scheme for the condition of Courant number not close to unity.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650140308
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  • 100
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    Periodic solution of turbulent oscillating channel flows (1992)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 14 (1992), S. 443-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Turbulent oscillating flows ; Finite element method ; The method of averaging ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The time-dependent turbulent Navier-Stokes equations are solved numerically by a finite element method with an algebraic eddy viscosity model (Baldwin-Lomax formulation) for oscillating turbulent channel flows. The method of averaging is used to analyse the resulting periodic motion of the fluid. Numerical results are obtained for various Strouhal numbers and relative amplitudes. A comparison is made between the numerical and published experimental results. It appears that for low relative amplitudes in a certain range of frequencies the agreement is satisfactory.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650140405
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