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  • Engineering  (5,492)
  • Animals  (4,806)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (3,361)
  • 1995-1999  (5,929)
  • 1985-1989  (7,435)
  • 1960-1964  (294)
  • 1925-1929  (1)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic position of Dictyostelium inferred from multiple protein data sets (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 41 (1995), S. 238-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Cellular slime molds ; Animals ; Fungi ; Plantae ; Maximum-likelihood method ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phylogenetic position of Dictyostelium inferred from 18S rRNA data contradicts that from protein data. Protein trees always show the close affinity of Dictyostelium with animals, fungi, and plants, whereas in 18S rRNA trees the branching of Dictyostelium is placed at a position before the massive radiation of protist groups including the divergence of the three kingdoms. To settle this controversial issue and to determine the correct position of Dictyostelium, we inferred the phylogenetic relationship among Dictyostelium and the three kingdoms Animalia, Fungi, and Plantae by a maximum-likelihood method using 19 different protein data sets. It was shown at the significance level of 1 SE that the branching of Dictyostelium antedates the divergence of Animalia and Fungi, and Plantae is an outgroup of the Animalia-Fungi-Dictyostelium clade.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170678
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary relationships of eukaryotic kingdoms (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 42 (1996), S. 183-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Small-subunit ribosomal RNA ; Phylogeny ; Animals ; Fungi ; Plants ; Alveolates ; Heterokonts ; Stramenopiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The evolutionary relationships of four eukaryotic kingdoms—Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista—remain unclear. In particular, statistical support for the closeness of animals to fungi rather than to plants is lacking, and a preferred branching order of these and other eukaryotic lineages is still controversial even though molecular sequences from diverse eukaryotic taxa have been analyzed. We report a statistical analysis of 214 sequences of nuclear small-subunit ribosomal RNA (srRNA) gene undertaken to clarify these evolutionary relationships. We have considered the variability of substitution rates and the nonindependence of nucleotide substitution across sites in the srRNA gene in testing alternative hypotheses regarding the branching patterns of eukaryote phylogeny. We find that the rates of evolution among sites in the srRNA sequences vary substantially and are approximately gamma distributed with size and shape parameter equal to 0.76. Our results suggest that (1) the animals and true fungi are indeed closer to each other than to any other “crown” group in the eukaryote tree, (2) red algae are the closest relatives of animals, true fungi, and green plants, and (3) the heterokonts and alveolates probably evolved prior to the divergence of red algae and animal-fungus-green-plant lineages. Furthermore, our analyses indicate that the branching order of the eukaryotic lineages that diverged prior to the evolution of alveolates may be generally difficult to resolve with the srRNA sequence data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02198844
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Segmentation and tracking of piglets in images (1995)
    Springer
    Machine vision and applications 8 (1995), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1769
    Keywords: Tracking ; Segmentation ; Pigs ; Animals ; Computer vision
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract An algorithm was developed for the segmentation and tracking of piglets and tested on a 200-image sequence of 10 piglets moving on a straw background. The image-capture rate was 1 image/140 ms. The segmentation method was a combination of image differencing with respect to a median background and a Laplacian operator. The features tracked were blob edges in the segmented image. During tracking, the piglets were modelled as ellipses initialised on the blobs. Each piglet was tracked by searching for blob edges in an elliptical window about the piglet's position, which was predicted from its previous two positions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01215814
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Animal Consciousness and Ethics in Asia and the Pacific (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics 10 (1997), S. 249-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-322X
    Keywords: Animals ; Asia ; consciousness ; Australia ; Hong Kong ; India ; Israel ; Japan ; New Zealand ; The Philippines ; Russia ; Singapore ; Thailand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract The interactions between humans, animals and the environment have shaped human values and ethics, not only the genes that we are made of. The animal rights movement challenges human beings to reconsider interactions between humans and other animals, and maybe connected to the environmental movement that begs us to recognize the fact that there are symbiotic relationships between humans and all other organisms. The first part of this paper looks at types of bioethics, the implications of autonomy and the value of being alive. Then the level of consciousness of these relationships are explored in survey results from Asia and the Pacific, especially in the 1993 International Bioethics Survey conducted in Australia, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, The Philippines, Russia, Singapore and Thailand. Very few mentioned animal consciousness in the survey, but there were more biocentric comments in Australia and Japan; and more comments with the idea of harmony including humans in Thailand. Comparisons between questions and surveys will also be made, in an attempt to describe what people imagine animal consciousness to be, and whether this relates to human ethics of the relationships.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007774409131
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of laminated bimodulus composite thin shells of revolution using a doubly curved quadrilateral finite element (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 285-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a finite element analysis of laminated bimodulus composite thin shells of revolution using a 48 d.o.f. doubly curved quadrilateral finite element. All the three displacements of the shell element reference surface are expressed as products of one-dimensional first-order Hermite interpolation polynomials. The constitutive relationship for a bimodulus composite is assumed to depend on the fibre-direction strain experienced by each orthotropic layer. Consequently the true state of strain and the corresponding constitutive relationship in a bimodulus composite structure are to be determined iteratively. The true state of stress/strain is obtained by specifying a maximum error in the locations of the two neutral surfaces (one along each of the orthogonal reference axes) in the shell. The use of the quadrilateral shell finite element is validated by solving the problem of (i) a freely supported single layer (0°) bimodulus composite square plate and (ii) a freely supported single layer (0°) cylindrical panel, which are subjected to sinusoidal transverse loading and for which analytical solutions are available. Next, the problems of a single layer (90°) pinched cylindrical shell and a single layer (0°) open crown hemispherical shell are solved to show the ability of the present program.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210207
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An apporach to automatic three-dimensional finite element mesh generation (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 329-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Recently developed solid modelling systems for the design of complex physical solids using interactive computer graphics offer the exciting possibility of an integrated design/analysis system. Called geometric modellers, these systems build complex solids from primitive solids (cubes, cylinders, spheres, solid patches, etc.) and macro solids (combination of primitives)3, 4, 8, 16, 18, 25, 38. To provide an effective structural analysis capability for these systems, methods must be devised to ease the burden of discretizing the solid geometry into a user controlled (usually locally graded) finite element mesh. The purpose of this paper is to describe an interactive solid mesh generation system capable of generating valid meshes of well-proportional tetrahedral finite elements for the decomposition of multiply connected solid structures. The system uses a semi-automatic node insertion procedure to locate element node points within and on the surface of a structure. An independent automatic three-dimensional triangulator then accepts these nodes as input and connects them to form a valid finite element mesh oftetrahedral elements. Although this report makes use of a modeller based on a constructive solid geometry representation (a so-called CSG modeller), the mesh generation strategy elaborated herein is completely general and makes no particular use of the CSG representation.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210210
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skyline algorithms for multilevel substructure analysis (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 465-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A matrix derivation of the method of partial decomposition for substructure equilibrium equations is given and algorithms and subroutines necessary for implementing a multi-level substructuring scheme are presented. The algorithms are based upon partial decomposition of skyline matrices by the Cholesky method. Transformation of co-ordinates and prediction of the skyline for higher level substructures are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210307
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generalized finite element analysis with T-complete boundary solution functions (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 509-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The use of a complete and nonsingular set of Trefftz functions in the solution of quasi-harmonic equations is demonstrated and shown to be often superior to the more conventional singularity distribution in boundary-type approximation. Procedures for coupling separate domains of such solution and indeed of deriving equivalent finite elements are demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210310
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcement (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 579-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210315
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling and estimation for a moving boundary problem (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 601-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The displacement of a slightly compressible liquid by another in a porous medium has been modelled. This problem, which involves a moving boundary, has been numerically solved for the one-dimensional case by using the Galerkin method. State and parameter estimation have been carried out using the extended Kalman filter.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210403
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of Galerkin and streamline techniques for integrating strains from an Eulerian flow field (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 853-881 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two methods are compared for integrating the strains that can arise in finite element solutions for Eulerian velocity fields associated with large strain material forming processes. With the Galerkin formulation, partial differential equations for the deformation gradient are solved over the entire domain based on a weighted residual; with the streamline integrated technique, the corresponding ordinary differential equations are integrated along characteristic lines. Both methods have yielded accurate integrations for the radial flow and planar rolling problems studied. A finite element technique is also presented for ensuring that the free surfaces of the fluid flow are streamlines. This technique has been used for ensuring proper boundary conditions in the rolling analysis.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210507
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined convection in an annulus applied to a thermal storage problem (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 691-711 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In a solar energy application involving thermal storage, one of the heat transfer situations is that of combined convection in vertical annuli for rather complex wall thermal boundary conditions. Predictive data of a high order of reliability are needed for incorporation within the suite of programs treating the whole problem.The program reported here treats the complete equations for combined free and forced convection in a vertical annulus. It allows for viscosity and density variation with temperature, and a variable heat flux or temperature at the walls. It was developed from a similar program for circular tubes.Comparisons are made with published data for velocity profiles and heat transfer performance. These are good, and show the step-wise energy balance method is necessary and valid.The strategy of generation of the required data is explained, together with sample output. These data are themselves analysed computationally; the performance equations agree with original predictions typically to within ± 11 per cent, with a standard deviation of around 2 per cent.The working fluid is water with 37 per cent ethylene glycol. Upward heated and downward cooled flows give aided combined convection. For the given design, laminar flow is predicted for the Reynolds number range 1800-2200.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210409
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcements (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 775-776 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210414
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The gradient of the finite element variational indicator with respect to nodal and applications in fracture mechanics and mesh optimization (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 763-774 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We derive a closed-form expression for the change in the variational indicator of a finite element mesh with respect to perturbations in nodal point co-ordinates. The expression is evaluated very effectively from standard finite element data obtained in one solution, and may be easily programmed as part of a general finite element code. We present the derivation for two- and three-dimensional isoparametric elements used in linear and nonlincar elasticity. The expression has practical applications in the computation of stress intensity factors in fracture mechanics and in the determination of the ‘optimal’ mesh with a given element-node connectivity. We demonstrate both applications by accurately determining the stress intensity factor of a Mode I crack using a finite element mesh which was improved using mesh optimization.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210413
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The poor bending response of the four-node plane stress quadrilateral (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 825-835 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Many plane stress finite elements which can exactly represent rigid-body and constant-strain modes are too stiff in their response to the simple flexural action of a beam. This problem has received considerable interest. In this paper we explore a new interpretation of the problem and show that the poor bending response of the original 4-node plane stress quadrilateral can be quantitatively predicted by an error model.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210505
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dual variable method for finite element discretizations of Navier/Stokes equations (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 883-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The numerical solution of two-dimensional, transient, incompressible Navier-Stokes problems is considered. The dual variable method, originally developed in the context of a finite difference discretization, is a technique to considerably reduce the size of the linear system to be solved at each time step. The steps involved in the method are (1) the determination of the rank of the discrete divergence operator, A, (2) the determination of a basis for the null space of A, N(A), and (3) the calculation of a particular solution of the discrete continuity equation.A finite element implementation of the method is presented using quadrilateral piecewise bilinear velocity/constant pressure elements. Algorithms for the determination of a basis for N(A) and a particular solution are presented. Numerical comparisons of primitive versus dual variable formulations on several problems demonstrate the advantage of the dual variable method, in terms of both execution speed and memory requirements.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210508
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Singularity of collapsed Q-8 finite element (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 959-965 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The ability of the collapsed Q-8 finite element to model strain singularities is studied in this paper. It is shown that its ability to model an r-1 singularity in strains depends strongly on the element size and number of Gauss points used for sampling stresses inside an element.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210513
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An additional stiffness parameter measure of error of the second kind in the finite element method (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 1001-1012 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Conventional error analyses norms in the finite element method are based on the percentage error or its equivalent in some computed value as compared to the theoretically predicted value. In problems where two or more field variables are coupled, it is possible that if the field interpolation functions do not ‘consistently’ reproduce limiting situations of physical behaviour, there may be very large errors which are exaggerated enormously when some structural parameters become indefinitely large in a penalty limiting sense. The percentage error norms therefore saturate quickly to a value approaching 100 per cent and do not sensibly reflect the relationship between error and the structural parameter, even on a logarithmic plot.Errors due to these spurious constraints have recently been recognized as belonging to a special class described as ‘errors of the second kind’. A new error norm, called the additional stiffening parameter, helps to recognize the manner in which errors of the second kind can be blown out, of propprtion by a large variation in some structural parameter. Recent investigations in some multi-field problems are summarized here to demonstrate the usefulness of this concept.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210603
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite element hourglassing control (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 1039-1048 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new hourglassing control technique for quadrilateral and hexahedral elements used in dynamic finite element codes is presented. Based on expansion of the strees in a Taylor series and retention of additional terms beyond the usual constant stress term, this technique has the advantage that actual rather than artificial material properties are used. Simplifications that render this technique competitive with artificial viscosity and stiffness procedures in terms of additional storage and computation requirements are described.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210606
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A CAD approach to the minimum weight design problem (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 1049-1066 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A structure is defined by a set of governing points. These points can be used to define lines, surfaces and solids. A governing point can be connected to a design variable. The values of the design variables are determined in order to minimize the weight of the structure subject to a number of stress constraints. Three simple structures are then designed.
    Additional Material: 35 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210607
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple plate/shell triangle (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 1149-1156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple shear flexible triangular plate/shell element with three/five displacement degrees-of-freedom at the three corner nodes only, is identified. It does not lock or have zero-energy mechanisms. The specific geometrical configurations in which this is possible are derived through field consistency patch tests.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210613
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of added mass by a cloning algorithm (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 1157-1164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In problems of structure interaction with infinite surrounding of incompressible, inviscid fluid media, added mass matrices on wet surfaces have been considered for modelling the effects of outgoing waves. For an arbitrary geometry of the wet surface, an expression for the added mass matrix is derived according to a finite element procedure which utilizes the force-displacement relations of representative elements on the boundary. In the element mass matrix a certain symmetry, which characterizes interactions between the interior and exterior surfaces, helps reduce the quadratic matrix equation of the cloning algorithm to a linear eigenvalue problem. A benchmark example is included to establish the numerical accuracy of the proposed formulation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210614
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  • 23
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    Conference diary (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 1168-1169 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210619
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
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    Numerical differentiation of tabulated functions with automatic choice of step-size (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 1171-1185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A method for determining the optimum step-size in numerical differentiation of a tabulated function is described. In test cases it gives an average error of about four times the error in the data; thus, it is more than twice as accurate as previously published methods. A Fortran program is presented.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210702
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
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    An alternative explicit formulation for the DKT plate-bending element (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 1289-1293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The stiffness matrix for the DKT plate-bending element is formulated explicitly in a global co-ordinate system. This approach avoids transformations of stiffness, and elasticity properties for anisotropic materials, from local to global co-ordinates, which were required in previous formulations. A FORTRAN listing of the algorithm is appended for potential users.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210709
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    A numerical study of various algorithms related to the preconditioned conjugate gradient method (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 1315-1338 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We present the results of a numerical study of the preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm, the minimal residual algorithm, the biconjugate gradient algorithm and the bi-minimal residual algorithm using both simple test matrices and more realistic test matrices derived from physical problems. The application of the methods to unsymmetric matrices is considered. We emphasize the importance of a good preconditioning, look at various methods including ICGG(n) and incomplete block factorization, and make some practical recommendations. Some of the folk-lore surrounding the semi-iterative methods is dispelled.
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    Conference diary (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 1363-1364 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210715
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    Evaluation of ‘specia’ finite elements with non-conventional Gaussian quadratures (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 1269-1281 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Finite elements with ‘Special’ basis functions have been proposed to develop better approximations for problems where the behaviour is known to be non-polynomial. This paper discusses extension of Gaussian quadrature integration procedures of non-conventional form to the evaluation of the finite element matrices for ‘Special’ elements. Algorithms for general ‘Special’ elements are discussed. The techniques are applied to ‘Special’ one- and two-dimensional elements for spherically symmetric potential flow. The accuracy of the new ‘Special’ element is shown to be superior to linear and quadratic elements for spherically symmetric potential flow problems.
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    Solution of cyclic plasticity problems by an elasto-viscoplastic model (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 1339-1344 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: This paper shows that the elasto-viscoplastic model, presented the first time in1, enables to take an isotropic and kinematic hardening law into account easily and gives an economical and accurate solution to cyclic plasticity problems.
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    Masthead (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985) 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210801
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    Announcements (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 1361-1362 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210714
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    A unified set of single step algorithms part 3: The beta-m method, a generalization of the Newmark scheme (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 1345-1359 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Introduced herein is a generalization of Newmark's time marching integration scheme, called the β-m method. Like the SSpj method (introduced in Parts 1 and 2 of this series), the β-m method provides a gcneral single-step scheme applicable to any set of initial value problems. The method is specialized by specifying the method order m along with rn integration parameters, β0, β1, …, βm-1. For a particular choice of m, the integration parameters provide a subfamily of methods which control accuracy and stability, as well as offering options for explicit or implicit algorithms. For the most part, attention is focused on the application to structural dynamic equations. Most well-known methods (e.g. Newmark, Wilson, Houbolt, etc.) are shown to be special cases within the β-m family. Hence, one computationally efficient and surprisingly simple algorithm unifies old and new methods. Stability and accuracy analyses are presented for method orders m = 2, 3 and 4 to determine optimal parameters for implicit and explicit schemes, along with numerical verification.
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    The simulation of the glycerin/air test for predicting thermal products of insulated metal substrates (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 1381-1390 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical scheme has been constructed to simulate the imposition of a step in heat transfer at the surface of a multi-layered substrate. The numerical simulation of this process is carried out by applying an extended version of the Keller Box-Scheme to multi-layered diffusion problems. Numerical calculations show that accurate choice of length and time-scales is critical in determining the behaviour of the heat flow through the substrate. Thus, the results from the numerical simulations are of value to the experimentalist, particularly in determining the accurate shape of the response curves which enable experimental apparatus to be designed effectively. The proposed scheme yields heat fluxes as accurately as temperatures, and can be easily adapted to other related applications.
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    A study of mathematical programmingmethods for structural optimization. Part II: Numerical results (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 1601-1623 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: Various mathematical programming methods for structural optimization are studied. In a companion paper, these methods have been studied based on certain theoretical considerations. In this paper, the methods are studied based on solving a set of test problems. The methods that are studied include recursive QP, feasible directions, gradient projection, SUMT and multiplier methods. Various computer codes have been developed, and are studied together with some existing programs such as CONMIN and OPTDYN. The test problems considered have 3-47 design variables and 3-252 constraints. The evaluation criteria consist of studying the accuracy, reliability and efficiency of a code. It turns out that globally convergent algorithms (multiplier methods, in particular) are very reliable but not efficient. Primal algorithms (like CONMIN), which are not proved to be globally convergent, are efficient but not reliable.
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    Transmission line interpretation of the finite element mesh for a wave propagation problem (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 1671-1680 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A one-dimensional exterior electromagnetic scattering problem is formulated using a differential equation approach followed by a finite element discretization. By interpreting the resulting linear algebraic equations as node voltage equations for a transmission line, a boundary element is obtained which satisfies the requirement of no wave reflection at the edge of the finite element region. Numerical results which show the elimination of non-physical standing waves from the scattered field are presented and discussed.
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    Finite element method for in-plane vibrations of rotating Timoshenko rings and sectors (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 1521-1533 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A simple and logical finite element formulation is presented for the analysis of rings and sectors, with Timoshenko effects. The elemental properties are derived from the governing differential equation of motion using the Galerkin method. A quintic polynomial, satisfying the compatibility of derivatives up to second order, has been used for the ring finite element. The interpolating function is the same as for a thin ring. The efficiency of the formulation has been illustrated by the numerical results presented.
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    Complete quadratic isoparametric finite elements in fracture mechanics analysis (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 1547-1553 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: For about a decade, each and every researcher who used isoparametric quadratic elements to solve fracture mechanics problems employed only incomplete versions of these elements. Although complete formulations of isoparametric elements are almost as available as incomplete ones in general-purpose finite element computer programs, no attempt to use complete formulations has been seen yet. The purpose of this paper is to show how the complete quadratic isoparametric elements can be employed in the field of fracture mechanics.
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    A finite element method for analysing skin effect in conductors with unknown values of surface boundary conditions (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 1641-1657 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: This paper presents a method of analysing the distribution of a two-dimensional electromagnetic field in a conducting medium of known cross-section carrying sinusoidal current and of unknown numerical values of boundary conditions on conductors surfaces. The method combines the finite element and separation of variables methods. An example is given of application of the method to calculation of impedance and electrodynamic forces of two thick, full and round conductors carrying oppositely directed sinusoidal currents. On the basis of numerical computation, graphs of resistance, reactance and electrodynamic forces are plotted.
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    A different view of the assumed stress hybrid method (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 11-16 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: A somewhat unconventional, yet simple, derivation of the assumed stress hybrid formulation is presented in which its relationship with displacement and stress-based finite element models is demonstrated. This gives insight into the hybrid method and shows that it represents a least energy fit of an equilibrium stress field to a displacement model strain field. By this means the attributes of both fields may be exploited in extending the analysis scope of hybrid models.
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    A new nine node degenerated shell element with enhanced membrane and shear interpolation (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 73-92 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A new nine node degenerated shell element is presented in this paper. In the formulation of the new element, an enhanced interpolation of the transverse shear strains in the natural co-ordinate system is used to overcome the shear locking problem, and an enhanced interpolation of the membrane strains in the local Cartesian co-ordinate system is applied to avoid membrane locking behaviour. It is shown that the resulting element has the requisite number of zero eigenvalues and associated rigid body modes. The element does not exhibit membrane or shear locking for large span/thickness ratios. To illustrate the good performance of the new element some examples are presented including comparisons with the behaviour of the selectively integrated Lagrangian degenerated shell elements.
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    A study on the linear elastic stability of Mindlin plates (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 117-132 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The debate on the performance of Lagrangian and Serendipity elements in Mindlin's plate theory has been going on for quite some time. Limited published results for static and vibration analysis based on exact integration demonstrated a drastic deterioration in accuracy as the thickness of the plate decreases, and reduced/selective integration schemes have been suggested to improve their performance. Appreciable improvement for Lagrangian elements has been recorded, but it is only marginal for the Serendipity elements. On the strength of such observations one would then be tempted to rule out the exact integration schemes and Serendipity elements.In this paper, the above problem is reviewed for stability analysis of plates. Two elements are chosen from each family, one representing the higher order and the other the lower order element. Contrary to published results, all elements can attain very accurate solutions independent of the integration schemes for a sufficiently restrained plate, although in general the Serendipity elements will require a more refined mesh than the Lagrangian ones. However, for loosely restrained plates, the solution failed when integration is performed by reduced/selective schemes. The failure marks the limitation of the reduced/selective schemes which have somehow introduced spurious modes into the system, but on the other hand it is ironical that these spurious modes in fact contribute to the improvement of performance of the restrained cases. Therefore, one can equally improve the Serendipity elements by a selective scheme which can introduce additional zero modes. A scheme based on (5 × 5) integration points for flexural stiffness and (3 × 3) integration points for shear stiffness improved the 17SE (Serendipity elements) remarkably. However, because of the lack of bounds in most cases, the use of reduced/selected schemes is still not recommended. Finally, this paper also proposed an approximate formulation of the geometric stiffness matrices to replace the full formulation. Such an approximate formulation reduces the number of variables considerably in the eigenvalue search and can still give reasonably accurate results for thin plates with a/t 〉 15.
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    Ultimate load behaviour of reinforced concrete plates and shells under dynamic transient loading (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 189-208 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: This paper considers a layered thick shell finite element procedure for determining the dynamic transient nonlinear response of plates and shells. The degenerated three-dimensional isoparametric shell element with independent rotational and translational degrees-of-freedom is employed and a layered formulation is adopted to represent the steel reinforcement and to simulate progressive concrete cracking through the thickness. The dynamic yielding function is assumed to be a function of the current strain rate, in addition to being total plastic strain or work dependent. The concrete model also simulates both compressive crushing and tensile cracking behaviours and an implicit Newmark algorithm is employed for time integration of the equations of motion. Several numerical examples are presented for both slab and shell structures and the results obtained compared with those from other sources wherever available.
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    Program structure and architecture for a finite element machine (1986)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 241-248 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Superproblems in finite elements require either general-purpose or special-purpose computing machines whose capabilities are very much greater than those currently existing. The advantage of the latter type of machine is that it can be highly optimized for the particular class of problem for which it is designed and can, in principle, for a given generation of hardware, be designed to operate at a higher speed than a corresponding general-purpose computer. The Parallel Finite Element Machine (PARFEM) investigated at the University of Calgary has an architecture based on the finite element computational algorithms and employs a combination of parallel and vector processing. The overall architecture and program structure is described and the major design considerations outlined.
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    Preface (1986)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. i 
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    An inverse method for the design of axisymmetric optimal diffusers (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 377-394 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: An inverse inviscid-boundary-layer interaction scheme is presented for the optimal design of axisymmetric ducts for subsonic, rotational flows. Distribution of the shape factor H on the duct wall, giving minimum total pressure loss and maximum static pressure rise, is used as boundary condition for the inverse integral boundary-layer solution, to obtain the velocity and displacement thickness distributions on the wall. Vector addition of the inviscid core radius, derived from the solution of the inverse inviscid flow equations, and the displacement thickness produces the desired duct shape.
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    A natural formulation for the solution of two-dimensional or axisymmetric inverse problems (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 451-463 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Computer simulation of crash phenomena (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 497-519 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The paper summarizes preliminary work on crash analysis25-27 performed on an extended finite element model as provided by the nonlinear LARSTRAN program package at ICA. The essential methodology is evolved along the natural finite element approach. Also overviewed are solution techniques for the nonlinear equations of motion. The application of a simple folding mechanism is indicated and crashworthiness computations of car structures are described.
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    Shallow water problems: A general explicit formulation (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 547-574 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: We present in this paper a general formulation for shallow water equations which is capable of solving problems of induced harbour oscillation, tidal flow, tsunami propagation, dispersion of pollutant, etc.The shallow water equations are written in a novel fully conservative form. The solution algorithm is based on an explicit time integration procedure which exploits the conservative properties of the governing equations and incorporates accurate treatment of convective terms without introduction of artificial damping. Its accuracy and low cost of computation make it attractive vis-à-vis existing procedures.
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    Thickness effects of CCT specimens (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 623-635 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: First, the three-dimensional elasto-plastic analyses of 1CT and 18 mm thick CCT specimens are carried out by using the finite element method, and the thickness effects of both specimens are studied. In elastic states, there is no significant difference between the CT and CCT specimen in the distribution of the J-integral along the straight or curved crack front. However, in elasto-plastic states, quite the contrary tendency is obtained in the distributions of J x and COD along the curved crack front for both specimens. Secondly, elasto-plastic analyses are carried out for CCT specimens of four kinds of thickness (B = 200, 18, 6 and 4 mm). The distributions of the J-integral along the crack front are obtained and compared. Finally, the availability of the JR value is examined, which is evaluated from the load versus displacement curve by using Rice's formula.
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    Announcement (1985)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 2306-2307 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    The patch test - a condition for assessing FEM convergence (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 39-62 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: This paper discusses various forms of the Irons patch test and shows again that its satisfaction is a necessary convergence condition being equivalent to consistency, Further, it is shown that the test can be applied for verification of stability requirements, thus providing also a sufficient condition of convergence. The patch test is useful in testing the order of asymptotic convergence and the satisfaction of the test gives a guide for development of certain incompatible element forms.
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    TRUNC for shells - an element possibly to the taste of Bruce Irons (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 93-115 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: In his delightful and original textbook,18 Bruce Irons introduces the chapter of plate bending with the remark ‘History of disasters, but the pioneering days are past’. This is certainly true. On the other hand, we learn in the same context from Irons: ‘We believe that the world has not yet exhausted the older formulations.’ In this paper we present a review of theoretical aspects of the plate-bending triangle TRUNC (Reference 4), together with extensive tests in linear statics, dynamics, buckling and nonlinear large deformations both for plates and shells. The unconventional TRUNC model is based on the patch test, which was originated by Irons.1 In spite of its limited theoretical foundation, the performance of this element on a fairly broad field of applications appears at least from the practical point of view very satisfactory.
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    Relations between incompatible displacement model and hybrid stress model (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 173-181 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: An examination of the variational formulations confirms the similarity between the incompatible displacement model and the assumed stress hybrid model that was pointed out by Irons in 1972. But the basic differences between the two are also identified. For 8-node solid elements the assumed stress terms obtained through a rational procedure also agree with those deduced by Irons purely from his physical insight.
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    A study of the efficiency of iterative methods for linear problems in structural mechanics (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 209-218 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The efficiency of iterative methods in linear structural mechanics is studied. The efficiency concerns the calculation time, the numerical accuracy and the core storage needed. We state that iterative methods are effective in connection with hierarchical improvement of a primary approximation. Three iterative methods are studied: the conjugate gradient method preconditioned by a modified incomplete factorization matrix, the same method preconditioned by a matrix obtained from natural factors on elemental level, and a Jacobi integration preconditioned by viscous relaxation split in an element-by-element way. We make comparisons with direct methods, Gaussian elimination and factorization by use of natural factors.
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    Optimization in computer aided design, Ed. J. S. Gero, (Proceedings of I.F.I.P. Conference, Lyon, 1983), North Holland, Elsevier Science Publishers, 1985 (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 169-169 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620230113
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    Conference diary (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 170-171 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Differentiating matrices for arbitrarily spaced grid points (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 209-218 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Differentiating matrices allow the numerical differentiation of functions defined at points of a discrete grid. Previous derivations of these matrices have been restricted to grids with uniformly spaced points, and the resulting derivative approximations have lacked precision, especially at endpoints. The present work derives differentiating matrices on grids with arbitrarily spaced points. It is shown that high accuracy can be achieved through use of differentiating matrices on non-uniform grids through the expedient of including ‘near- boundary’ points. Use of the differentiating matrix as an operator in the solution of problems involving ordinary differential equations is also considered.
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    Conference diary (1986)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 350-351 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    A total Lagrangian formulation for the geometrically nonlinear analysis of structures using finite elements. Part II: Arches, frames and axisymmetric shells (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 253-274 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    Structural optimization: A new dual method using mixed variables (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 409-428 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new and powerful mathematical programming method is described, which is capable of solving a broad class of structural optimization problems. The method employs mixed direct/reciprocal design variables in order to get conservative, first-order approximations to the objective function and to the constraints. By this approach the primary optimization problem is replaced with a sequence of explicit subproblems. Each subproblem being convex and separable, it can be efficiently solved by using a dual formulation. An attractive feature of the new method lies in its inherent tendency to generate a sequence of steadily improving feasible designs. Examples of application to real-life aerospace structures are offered to demonstrate the power and generality of the approach presented.
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    Conference diary (1986)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 523-524 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Masthead (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986) 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Nozzle design using an iterative Dirichlet approach (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 481-494 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Preface (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. i 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Hydrostatic loading and stability analysis of structures with large displacements (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 575-595 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A method for the computation of hydrostatic forces on cable, truss, beam, plate and shell type structures is presented. A general large displacement formulation is assumed which allows for displacements and rotations of unlimited size. Equilibrating forces for nodal points as well as incremental force-displacement relationships are given. Various ways of making the geometric load matrix symmetric for incremental analysis is discussed. Alternative strategies for the incremental-iterative solution is also treated. A method for the determination of the hydrostatic stability of floating structures is suggested. Metacentres and centres of buoyancy for rotations about principal axes in the water plane are automatically computed. The paper presents three examples of applications: a pipe which is partially submerged, a full overturning of a floating space frame and, finally, a hydrostatic stability analysis of a ship.
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    A new triangular discrete Kirchhoff plate/shell element (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 453-470 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: We present a new 6-node triangular bending element (called DKTP) based on a discrete Kirchhoff model. A corresponding new flat-shell element, DLTP, having quadratic variation of in-plane displacement is also presented. This element has 6 degrees-of-freedom (u, v, w, θx, θy, θz) at each corner node and 3 degrees-of-freedom (u, v, w) at each mid-side node. Detailed numerical experimentation is presented to demonstrate the efficiency and reliability of these elements.
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    Finite layer analysis of layered elastic materials using a flexibility approach. Part 2 - Circular and rectangular loadings (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 959-978 
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    Notes: The finite layer techniques introduced in Part 1 of this paper are extended to allow the analysis of circular or general loadings applied to horizontally layered anisotropic materials. The analysis is considerably simplified through the use of Hankel transforms (circular loadings) and double Fourier transformations (general loadings).Once again an exact flexibility matrix is found for each finite layer, and it is shown that this flexibility matrix has precisely the same form whether the loading is a strip, circular or general loading. The flexibility matrix has the advantage of not becoming singular for incompressible materials as is the case for the stiffness matrices used in a conventional finite strip analysis.Examples are given of the behaviour of circular and general (rectangular) loadings applied to multilayered anisotropic materials. It is also shown by means of an example, that the method is extremely useful for analysis of problems involving incompressible materials.
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    Advanced boundary element analysis of two- and three-dimensional problems of elasto-plasticity (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 985-1002 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: An advanced formulation of the boundary element method has been developed for inelastic analysis based on an initial stress approach. The iterative solution algorithm makes use of an accelerated initial stress approach in which the past history of initial stresses are used to obtain an initial estimate for the current increment. In the present analysis the geometry and functions are represented by higher order (quadratic) shape functions to model complex geometries and rapid functional variations accurately. The methods of numerical integration of the kernels, particularly the singular type, are substantially improved by devising suitable automatic sub-segmentation routines that incorporate the recent developments in mapping procedures. The formulations have been implemented for two-dimensional plane stress, plane strain and three-dimensional elasto-plasticity problems.
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    Hybrid finite difference/finite element solution method development for non-linear superconducting magnet and electrical circuit breakdown transient analysis (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1003-1022 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The problem of non-linear superconducting magnet and electrical protection circuit system transients is formulated. To enable studying the effects of coil normalization transients, coil distortion (due to imbalanced magnetic forces), internal coil arcs and shorts, and other normal and off-normal circuit element responses, the following capabilities are included: temporal, voltage and current-dependent voltage sources, current sources, resistors, capacitors and inductors. The concept of self-mutual inductance, and the form of the associated inductance matrix, is discussed for internally shorted coils. This is a Kirchhoff's voltage loop law and Kirchhoff's current node law formulation. The non-linear integrodifferential equation set is solved via a unique hybrid finite difference/integral finite element technique.
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    Incomplete factorization for finite element methods (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1101-1109 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: An incomplete factorization iterative scheme with ORTHOMIN acceleration is evaluated for three-dimensional finite element applications. Both heat conduction and combined heat and fluid flow are investigated. Computational efficiency is investigated for both linear (8 node) and quadratic (27 node) elements as well as for various degrees of LU Decomposition. The factorization schemes worked well with both types of elements, and a variable factorization scheme, which distributes the level of factorization, performed well on difficult heat and fluid flow problems.
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    Boundary value techniques for finite element solutions of the diffusion-convection equation (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1145-1159 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: In this paper, the formulation of six-point and nine-point finite element equations for the solution of the diffusion-convection equation is presented. The six-point equation requires the solution of a tridiagonal system of equations and the nine-point centred equation is treated as a solution of a boundary value problem which leads to a large linear system of equations.Some numerical experiments are presented and the comparison with existing methods is included.
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    Developments in boundary element methods 3, P. K. Banerjee and S. Mukherjee (eds), Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London and New York, 1984. No. of pages: 313 (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1195-1196 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620230614
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    A field-consistent two-noded curved axisymmetric shell element (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1245-1261 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The efficiency of a field-consistent two-noded linear curved axisymmetric shear-flexible shell element is shown to be due to the removal of both shear and membrane locking. Typical applications illustrate how the field-consistent representation dramatically improves performance, and allows greater flexibility in tailoring element design to satisfy specific problem needs.
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    Dynamic optimization of framed structures with variable layout (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1273-1294 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The paper presents a solution to the problem of dynamic optimization of framed structures for which the design variables are not only the sizes of the members but also the positions of the joints. The optimal design obtained is the least weight design which satisfies a specific frequency requirement plus upper and lower bounds on the design variables. The design algorithm is an iterative solution of the Kuhn-Tucker optimality criterion. The procedure is to modify an initial design to first obtain the desired fundamental frequency and then, while this frequency is held constant, to minimize the weight.The most important features of the algorithm are (a) a small number of design iterations is needed to reach an optimal or near-optimal design, (b) structural elements with a wide variety of size-stiffness may be used.The design procedure is illustrated with some numerical examples. The results show that the method is rapidly convergent and the optimized configurations are determined in a small number of redesign cycles. The procedure has been completely automated in a computer program on the HP 45 desk-top computer.
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    Reduction method for the non-linear analysis of symmetric anisotropic panels (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1329-1341 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Reduction method and computational procedures are presented for reducing the size of the analysis model and the number of degrees of freedom used in predicting the non-linear response of symmetric anisotropic panels. The two key elements of the method are (a) operator splitting, or decomposition of the characteristic arrays of the finite element model into sums of orthotropic and non-orthotropic contributions, (b) application of a reduction method through the successive use of the finite element method and the classical Rayleigh-Ritz technique. The finite element method is first used to generate a small number of global approximation vectors (or modes). Then the amplitudes of these modes are computed by using the classical Rayleigh-Ritz technique.The global approximation vectors are selected to be those commonly used in single (or multiple) parameter perturbation techniques, namely a non-linear solution corresponding to zero non-orthotropic arrays and a number of its derivatives with respect to an anisotropic tracing parameter (and possibly, to a load or arc-length parameter in the solution space). The size of the analysis model used in generating the global approximation vectors is identical to that of the corresponding orthotropic structure.The effectiveness of the proposed reduction method is demonstrated by means of a numerical example, and its potential for solving quasi-symmetric non-linear problems of anisotropic panels is discussed.
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    Spatial discretization of hyperbolic equations with periodic solutions (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1395-1406 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: We investigate the Cauchy problem for hyperbolic equations for which the frequencies of the main Fourier components in the solution are located in a given frequency interval. Difference formulae for the spatial derivatives are constructed that are tuned to the given intervals of frequencies. Numerical examples illustrating these special discretizations are given both for linear and non-linear problems.
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    Numerical solution of constrained non-linear algebraic equations (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1455-1481 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: The numerical solution of n non-linear algebraic equations with n unknowns, when any or all of the variables are subjected to constraints, is discussed. Distinction is made between physical and absolute constraints. It is shown, using a set of test problems, that solution of constrained equations does require a special approach. It is found that the step length restricted Newton's method performs best for problems with absolute constraints. Physical constraints can be best handled using a continuation method or penalty functions.
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    A restricted hybrid stress formulation based on a direct finite element method (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1495-1508 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A direct method, which uses stress and displacement modes obtained from the governing equations of a problem, is adopted for finite element formulation. It is shown that this method actually leads to a restricted hybrid stress formulation if the displacement modes are changed to ensure symmetry of the stiffness matrix. Through this direct method, however, the problem of selecting the appropriate number of stress modes in the regular hybrid stress model is bypassed. Only the minimum number of modes that are compatible with the number of nodal degrees-of-freedom of an element is needed in the formulation. Using more modes only leads to a combination of stress modes, and will not improve the order of performance of the element. It is shown through numerical examples that the restricted hybrid stress formulation leads to well-balanced elements.
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    Dynamic response of rigid strip-foundations by a time-domain boundary element method (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1547-1565 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The dynamic response of rigid strip-foundations placed on or embedded in a homogeneous, isotropic, linear elastic half-space under conditions of plane strain to either external forces or obliquely incident seismic waves of arbitrary time variation is numerically obtained. The above mixed boundary-value problems are treated by the time domain boundary element method which is used in a step-by-step timewise fashion to provide the foundation response to a rectangular impulse. Numerical examples are presented in detail to demonstrate the use and importance of the proposed method. The method appears to be more advantageous than frequency domain techniques, because it provides the transient foundation response in a natural and direct way and can form the basis for extension to the non-linear case.
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    Announcements (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1582-1582 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620230814
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    A new efficient approach to the formulation of mixed finite element models for structural analysis (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1629-1641 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A new mixed finite element formulation is developed based on the Hellinger-Reissner principle with independent strain. By dividing the assumed strain into its lower order and higher order parts, the new formulation can be made much more efficient than the conventional mixed formulation. In addition the present new approach provides an alternative way of introducing a stabilization matrix to suppress undesirable kinematic modes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620230905
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    Minimum weight design of cylindrical water tanks (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1679-1691 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper deals with the minimum weight design of cylindrical water tanks. The design is to conform to BS5337. The design procedure used is a combination of the finite element analysis of structures and a numerical method of optimization. In the design, the internal radius and the height of the tank are fixed and the variation of wall thickness is treated as the unknown of the design. Only piecewise linear variations of thickness are considered. Results of some examples are presented and discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620230908
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    Finite element method for non-linear forced vibrations of circular plates (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1715-1726 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Geometric non-linearities for large amplitude free and forced vibrations of circular plates are investigated. In-plane displacement and in-plane inertia are included in the formulation. The finite element method is used. An harmonic force matrix for non-linear forced vibration analysis is introduced and derived. Various out-of-plane and in-plane boundary conditions are considered. The relations of amplitude and frequency ratio for different boundary conditions and various load conditions are presented.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620230911
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    Conforming versus non-conforming boundary elements in three-dimensional elastostatics (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1885-1904 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this work, we present a critical comparison of two basic ways of implementing the boundary element method in three-dimensional elastostatics. The first way is by using non-conforming elements, i.e. elements which have the collocation nodes removed from their perimeter. The number of nodes used for the collocation of the boundary tractions and displacements need not coincide with the number of nodes placed along the perimeter of the element for the purpose of describing the geometry. The second way is by placing the collocation nodes along the perimeter of the element, usually in coincidence with the geometry nodes. Thus, interelement continuity of the displacements is obtained. The basic reasons for the use of non-conforming elements in the boundary element method are twofold. First, simplification in the assembly and solution of the system equations and, secondly, easy computation of the ‘free’ and Cauchy principal value terms appearing in the integral equations. The state of the art in the boundary element method, however, has advanced in the last decade to the point where both of the aforementioned reasons are no longer problematic. As will be shown in what follows, conforming elements are able to produce more accurate results than non-conforming ones with substantial economy in the final size of the system equations.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620231008
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    Derivation of Lagrangian and Hermitian shape functions for quadrilateral elements (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1939-1958 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper introduces a general theory for the derivation of the shape functions for the quadrilateral family of finite elements. The first section deals with the Lagrangian shape functions for the cases of uniform and boundary-described elements. Two basic procedures are introduced; the first by linear combinations of side-interpolations and the second by superposition. The remainder of the paper introduces a theory for the general uniform Hermitian element of any order. Details for quadrilateral elements, with first order derivatives are explained. All of the shape functions presented here were derived in the interval [0,1].The shape functions, developed by such an engineering approach, have been used successfully in the ABSEA Finite Element System of Cranfield Institute of Technology.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620231011
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    Announcements (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1971-1972 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620231014
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    Masthead (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620231201
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    Announcement (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. I 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620231202
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    Numerical methods for heat transfer in hydraulic fracturing (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 75-87 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: During the propagation of a hydraulically induced fracture in a porous material, fluid leak-off occurs from the fracture to the formation. Conduction and convection of heat also take place, owing to the large difference between the fluid injection temperature and that of the reservoir. The paper describes a quasi-two-dimensional heat transfer model coupled with a filtration model. It is then coupled into different coupled fracture propagation models (two-dimensional and quasi-three-dimensional).The rheological characteristics of the fracturing fluid are temperature-dependent with a sharp breakdown. The fluid diffusion model combines cake growth at the fracture face with two-fluid flow in the formation. Temperature profiles along the fracture and the formation are computed during fracture propagation.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240106
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    Numerical models for the thermo-mechanical evolution of Atlantic-type continental margins (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 141-157 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We have developed a versatile finite element approach to analyse stresses and displacements induced in thermally thinned and thickened geological structures. Material and geometric non-linearities form an important aspect of the finite element simulation. The changes in geometry are incorporated by a multipoint constraint procedure. The method takes into account temperature-dependent variations in rheological properties of the medium, including the presence of a brittle-ductile transition. We illustrate the application of the method for specific geophysical problems associated with the temperature history of the earth's crust at continental margins of the Atlantic type.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240111
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    A finite element method for free and forced convection heat transfer (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 117-128 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new finite element method is presented. This new method contains several novel features including a streamline upwind formulation for the advection terms and equal order interpolations for all variables: velocities, pressure, temperature and other fluid properties. This new formulation uses an iterative solution method greatly reducing the computer storage requirements. The validity of the new finite element method was tested on both a natural convection problem, a thermally driven cavity, and a forced convection problem, a heated cylinder in cross-flow. The predicted results compared favourably with a benchmark solution for the cavity and an empirical correlation for the cylinder in cross-flow.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240109
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    Announcement (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. i 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240202
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    A new approach for the hybrid element method (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 1697-1709 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new functional which forms the basis of an improved hybrid element formulation is proposed. The variables for the functional include stresses, strains and displacements, and the displacements and stresses are further decomposed into two parts respectively. The proposed new formulation appears to be particularly suitable for improving conforming models.Based on this formulation, a new four-node plane hybrid element Qcs6 can be developed, and the conforming element Q4 and the non-conforming Wilson element Q64 and modified Wilson element Qm6 can also be derived directly by this hybrid approach. It should be noted that more accurate stresses can be obtained from this element which utilizes the concept of two stress components.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240907
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    Notes on the stability of non-rectangular space-time finite elements (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 1721-1739 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The method of space-time finite elements enables the simple solution of quite new problems. It is possible to assume the arbitrary partition of the structure area in each moment of integration of the motion equation. Instability is caused by a too large time step and too great changes of joint locations in successive time steps. A changeable spatial partition is useful in contact dynamic problems, in the case of a travelling support, generally in problems with movable edges. In this paper a stability problem is described and some investigations for chosen types of non-rectangular space-time finite elements are carried out. Linear and surface elements which in time space gain an additional time dimension are presented. Some numerical examples prove the efficiency of the described method under determined limitations.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240909
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    Conference diary (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 659-661 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240315
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    Masthead (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240401
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    Practical stability analysis of finite difference equations by the matrix method (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 679-687 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: It is shown how the various norms of the coefficient matrix of a set of finite difference equations can, in many cases, be employed in an easy, straightforward fashion to find sufficient conditions for stability in situations involving non-periodic boundary conditions and variable coefficients. With the aid of the easily computed norms, particularly the infinite norm, one does not have to rely on the necessary condition provided by the spectral radius, which has been the main basis of criticism of the matrix method in the past.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240403
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    Stress oscillations in plane stress modelling of flexure - a field-consistency interpretation (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 711-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Exactly integrated isoparametric plane stress elements behave poorly in flexure. The 4-noded element ‘locks’, with errors that progress indefinitely as element aspect ratio increases. Reduced integration of the shear strain energy eliminates this locking entirely. The 8-noded element does not lock, but improves in performance with reduced integration of shear strain energy. Both elements, with their original shape functions, show severe shear stress oscillations in flexure. In this paper we attribute these oscillations to the lack of ‘consistency’ of shear strain fields derived directly from independent field-variable interpolations. We derive error models for specific tractable examples which can confirm the accuracy of this conceptual scheme through digital computation using the finite element models. A field-consistent redistribution strategy for the shear strain field is offered as an elegant procedure to free the elements of spurious oscillations and give a ‘lock’-free performance.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240405
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    The uniqueness characteristics of mixed finite element methods in linear elasticity (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 927-944 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Having established the non-uniqueness, in general, of quadratic-linear functionals in elasticity, the investigative work on this topic is reviewed, whence it is noted that there is no existing formal approach for the identification of either the causes of singular solutions or suitable remedial measures that might ensure their elimination. A comparison of the weighted averages obtained from the single field and Reissner's principles is then used to identify a higher order uniqueness criterion for the latter. A detailed consideration of the application of the new condition to the arch equations demonstrates how and why singular solutions can be obtained, and thence how suitable forms of remedial action can often be identified. Finally, several other classes of problem are briefly investigated in order to show how the criterion can be used to explain the full range of known behaviour of the mixed methods.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240507
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    Multi-grid methods and applications, W. Hackbusch, Springer-Verlag (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 2036-2036 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620241016
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