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  • Engineering  (2,961)
  • 1995-1999  (2,961)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 20 (1995), S. 319-334 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Chemically reactive flows ; Finite element analysis ; Polymeric fluids ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We consider steady state and time-dependent flows of chemically reactive polymeric systems in two-dimensional geometries. A numerical simulation tool is proposed for predicting the evolution of the macroscopic velocity, temperature, stress and species concentration fields in such flows. We formulate a general mathematical model on the basis of the first principles of continuum mechanics, which includes a description of the non-liner coupling between kinematics, heat transfer and chemical kinetics. The resulting set of non-linear partial differential equations is solved numerically by means of appropriate finite element techniques. We have implemented the resulting numerical model in the general-purpose POLYFLOWR software developed in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Simulation results for various steady state and time-dependent reactive flows are reported.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 20 (1995), S. 337-339 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 20 (1995), S. 341-361 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Navier-Stokes ; unsteady ; composite multigrid ; incompressible ; non-staggered grid ; semi-implicit ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A time-accurate, finite volume method for solving the three-dimensional, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on a composite grid with arbitrary subgrid overlapping is presented. The governing equations are written in a non-orthogonal curvilinear co-ordinate system and are discretized on a non-staggered grid. A semi-implicit, fractional step method with approximate factorization is employed for time advancement. Multigrid combined with intergrid iteration is used to solve the pressure Poisson equation. Inter-grid communication is facilitated by an iterative boundary velocity scheme which ensures that the governing equations are well-posed on each subdomain. Mass conservation on each subdomain is preserved by using a mass imbalance correction scheme which is secondorder-accurate. Three test cases are used to demonstrate the method's consistency, accuracy and efficiency.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 20 (1995), S. 393-414 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: shallow water equations ; spectral element ; implicit scheme ; GMRES solver ; staggered mesh ; North Atlantic ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A staggered spectral element model for the solution of the oceanic shallow water equations is presented. We introduce and compare both an implicit and an explicit time integration scheme. The former splits the equations with the operator-integration factor method and solves the resulting algebraic system with generalized minimum residual (GMRES) iterations. Comparison of the two schemes shows the performance of the implicit scheme to lag that of the explicit scheme because of the unpreconditioned implementation of GMRES. The explicit code is successfully applied to various geophysical flows in idealized and realistic basins, notably to the wind-driven circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean. The last experiment reveals the geometric versatility of the spectral element method and the effectiveness of the staggering in eliminating sprious pressure modes when the flow is nearly non-divergent.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 20 (1995), S. 597-598 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 20 (1995), S. iii 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 20 (1995), S. 459-468 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: heat transfer ; turbulent flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The accurate modelling of heat transfer to turbulent flow and the prediction of the temperature distribution in the flow remain one of the problem areas of numerical simulations. Traditional turbulence closure models, like the k-ε model, effectively only increase the viscosity of the fluid and introduce wall functions close to boundaries to obtain the correct velocity distribution. These turbulence models do not model the small-scale mixing that occurs in turbulent flow. When solving the energy equation these small-scale mixings dominate the heat transfer rate at the boundaries as well as the temperature distribution in the flow. This paper outlines a revised method, based on the k-ε turbulence model, that can be used to predict heat transfer in turbulent flow. A single turbulent conductivity term is introduced that can be used over the complete flow field including the boundaries. A detailed description of the mathematical model and boundary conditions used for the turbulence model are included in the paper. The effective turbulent conductivity method was evaluated in several finite difference simulations of water flowing through a smooth pipe while being heated. Simulation and verification were performed over a range of Reynolds numbers. Verification of the model is accomplished by comparing the numerically predicted centre temperature of the fluid as well as the heat flux to the fluid to measured temperatures in a similar pipe. From these results it is concluded that the revised turbulent conductivity model holds great potential to obtain accurate simulated heat transfer rates for general applications.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 20 (1995), S. 541-557 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: electromagnetic induction heating ; inverse method ; finite element ; coupled fields ; experiment simulation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The induction heating model described herein couples the standard heat conduction equation with electro-magnetic proximity-skin equations. An Inverse Finite Element procedure, which is based on prior deterministic and probabilistic concepts, has been designed to solve the inherent inverse equation model with respect to the unknown coil current parameter. Simulated experiments using different noises in the input data have been performed in order to determine their influence on the estimated parameter. The IFEM has shown its capability to predict the optimal location for the temperature sensors, together with their numbers, consistently with a pre-specified estimate accuracy. Specifically, only one temperature sensor, located in the middle of the two turns of the coil, results to be sufficient to estimate the unknown parameter to a satisfactory accuracy degree. This, may significantly help to design optimal experiments.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 20 (1995), S. 507-522 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: radiative ignition ; pyrolysing solid fuels ; coal ; numerical model ; numerical method of lines ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A numerical model of radiative ignition of pyrolysing solid fuels is developed. The model is one-dimensional and transient. The following mechanisms are simultaneously accounted for: (i) the surface heat and mass transport, (ii) the surface oxidation chemical reaction, (iii) the in-depth pyrolysis, (iv) the gas-phase heating by absorption of the radiation and by heat conduction/convection from the solid surface, and (v) the gas-phase chemical reaction. The solutions are obtained numerically with the method of lines. Using lignite and bituminous coal for the simulations, the results confirm that the pyrolysis products absorb a significant amount of the external radiation. Predictions of the ignition times show that both the surface ignition time and the gas-phase ignition time decrease rapidly with increasing radiation intensities. A good agreement between predictions and experiments is obtained.A sensitivity analysis is also carried out with the key kinetic parameters. This analysis establishes an upper limit for surface and pyrolysis activation energies and a lower limit for gas-phase activation energy. Within these limits, the radiative ignition of coals appears as an integration of two consecutive ignition modes: the surface ignition occurs first, which is then followed by the gas-phase ignition. Beyond these limits, the single gas-phase ignition mode is the only ignition mode to prevail.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 20 (1995), S. 559-572 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: melting ; natural convection ; body-fitted co-ordinates ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A numerical study of natural convection melting of a phase change material within an isothermal vertical cylinder was conducted. The governing conservation equations are formulated in terms of a stream function, vorticity and temperature. Body-fitted co-ordinates are employed for tracking the irregular shape of the timewise changing solid-liquid phase front. Results show that the convective flow patterns and time evolution of the phase front, resulting from simultaneous bottom, side and top heating, are far more complicated than those for the melting from a single isothermal boundary. The heat transfer rate at the top surface is found to decrease monotonically to zero as convection is fully developed in the melt. The highest heat transfer rates are observed at the bottom surface where Bénard convective cells develop. Due to the convective motion of the melt along the vertical heated wall, the onset of Bénard convection occurs at a much earlier time than that for the case of melting within a cylinder heated from below.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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