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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introducing engineering into American secondary education (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of science education and technology 2 (1993), S. 397-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1839
    Keywords: Engineering ; technological literacy ; hands-on experiments ; active learning ; content instruction ; videotaping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Media reports indicate the decline of the technological literacy of American youth, especially that students in other countries are better prepared in science and mathematics. Our active-learning program, which consists of numerous hands-on experiments, introduces engineering applications into science and math programs, that will demonstrate to students the usefulness of the theory that they currently do not see as useful. The program, when fully developed, will make optimum use of technology, especially computers and videotapes. The hands-on experiments allow students to discover fundamental principles through data analysis and then use the principles to synthesize a solution to a technological problem. This discovery-based education will help school systems better meet performance standards such as those in the Maryland School Performance Plan. The experimental approach to science education is especially important in a technology-oriented economy where children use the new technologies without understanding the principles on which they are based.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694528
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solution of viscous fluid flows on a distributed memory concurrent computer (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 889-905 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Computational fluid dynamics ; Parallel computing ; Parallel processing ; Domain decomposition ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A concurrent algorithm for the solution óf the Navier-Stokes equations expressed in curvilinear co-ordinates has been developed for execution on a distributed memory parallel computer. This algorithm offers the ultimate promise of near-supercomputer performance on relatively low-cost parallel computers. The new algorithm is based on an existing serial pressure-correction-based algorithm, and uses domain decomposition to partition the problem onto the processors. The algorithm is demonstrated on an Intel iPSC for a complicated two-dimensional laminar flow problem, for various grid sizes and numbers of processors. Initial results based on straightforward domain decomposition showed that the speed-up per iteration approached 100% parallel efficiency as the grid size was increased, but that the convergence rate of the algorithm deteriorated relative to the original serial algorithm as the number of processors was increased, limiting the speed-up achieved. This degradation in convergence rate was traced to a poorer solution of the pressure correction equation in the concurrent procedure. The addition of a global block correction procedure, implemented via efficient global communications routines, remedied this problem, making the convergence rate of the concurrent procedure equivalent to the serial algorithm. The maximum speed-up achieved with the revised concurrent algorithm was a factor of 12·3 with 16 processors, representing a parallel efficiency of 77%.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100804
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unsymmetric conjugate gradient methods and sparse direct methods in finite element flow simulation (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 925-945 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Bi-conjugate gradient ; Conjugate gradient ; Conjugate gradient squared ; Finite elements ; Flow simulation ; Preconditioning ; Vector processor ; Frontal solver ; Navier-Stokes ; Boussinesq approximation Newton method ; Picard iteration ; Galerkin method ; Petrov-Galerkin ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A series of numerical experiments on the Cray XMP/48 and on the Cray 2 investigate the robustness and economy of direct and unsymmetric conjugate gradient (CG) type methods for the solution of matrix systems arising from a 3D FEM discretization of fluid flow problems. Computations on a Boussinesq flow model problem with either ILU preconditioned or unpreconditioned unsymmetric CG methods are presented. Such experiments seem to indicate that the unpreconditioned BICG method is robust for moderately non-linear incompressible Navier-Stokes FEM discretizations and that the ILU preconditioned BICG method is very robust and more economic than an unsymmetric frontal solver when the generous memory of the Cray 2 is exploited to store both the matrix and its preconditioner. We cover some of the programming aspects of direct and iterative methods on a supercomputer and find that direct methods have advantages: the crucial CPU-consuming area of code is compact but overwhelming, and its percentage of total CPU usage is independent of the spectral properties of the matrix involved. An optimal implementation of the unsymmetric CG method is more difficult because its work is related to the spectral distribution of the matrix considered and because there is no single portion of the code that overwhelmingly dominates the CPU usuage.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100806
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A design method for turbomachinery blading in three-dimensional flow (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 179-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Inverse problem ; Blade design ; Turbomachines ; Finite elements ; Aerodynamic design ; Subsonic flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A mixed spectral finite element scheme for the implementation of a design method for turbomachinery blading in three-dimensional subcritical compressible flow is presented. The method gives the detailed blade shape that would produce a prescribed tangential mean swirl schedule, given the hub and shroud profiles, the number of blades and their stacking position. After a presentation of the mathematical formulation of the design theory, the current numerical approach is described. It is then applied to the design of blading for radial inflow turbine impellers in three-dimensional flow.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100205
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A control volume finite difference method for buoyant flow in three-dimensional curvilinear non-orthogonal co-ordinates (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 199-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite difference ; Natural convection ; Enclosure flow ; Non-orthogonal co-ordinates ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper presents a control-volume-based finite difference method in non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinates on a local basis in which the vectors and tensors are all based on the general curvilinear coordinates for buoyant flow calculations in arbitrary three-dimensional geometries. The governing equations are transformed from Cartesian co-ordinates into generalized curvilinear co-ordinates. After integrating the set of equations for the control volumes, the finite difference equations are then formulated by a proper treatment of the heat flux and stress tensors and by incorporating the QUICK scheme for the convective terms. The solution procedure then follows the one for three-dimensional Cartesian co-ordinates.Examples are given in problems of natural convection in such three-dimensional enclosures as parallelepiped enclosures and horizontal closed cylinders with differentially heated ends. In the latter case, important applications have been found in crystal growth by means of chemical vapour deposition in a cylindrical ampoule, in which uniform heat fluxes along the two ends are required in order to produce high-quality crystals. Special attention is given to the insertion of baffles in the cylinder to improve the recirculating flow patterns near the two ends.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100206
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conference diary (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 603-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100507
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A least-squares procedure for the solution of transport problems (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 623-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Least-squares method ; Optimal control problem ; Conjugate gradient ; Advection-diffusion equation ; Perturbation series ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper a least-squares formulation associated with a conjugate gradient algorithm is proposed for the solution of transport problems. In this procedure the advection-diffusion equation is first discretized in time using an implicit scheme. At each time step the resulting partial differential equation is replaced by an optimal control problem. This minimization problem involves the minimization of a functional defined via a state equation. This functional is chosen in order to force the numerical solution of the advection-diffusion equation to be equal to the hyperbolic advective part of this equation. The effectiveness of the method is shown through a one-dimensional example involving advective and diffusive transport. No oscillation and high accuracy have been obtained for the entire range of Peclet numbers with a Courant number well in excess of unity.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100603
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A moving finite element method for the population balance equation (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 753-769 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Moving finite element method ; Population balance equation ; Particle growth ; First-order hyperbolic partial differential equation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A moving finite element algorithm has been compared against the upwind-differencing and Smolarkiewicz methods for the population balance equation of multicomponent particle growth processes. Analytical solutions and an error function have been used to test the numerical methods. The moving finite elements technique is much more accurate than other methods for a wide range of parameters. Since this method uses moving grids, it is able to model very narrow particle size distributions. It is also shown that the method can be extended to solve condensational growth problems which include particle curvature and non-continuum mass transfer effects.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100704
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An iterative implementation of the Uzawa algorithm for 3-D fluid flow problems (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 429-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Uzawa algorithm ; Preconditioning ; Incomplete factorization ; Three-dimensional ; Fluid flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new iterative algorithm for the solution of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations by the finite element method is presented. This algorithm is based on a combination of the Uzawa and the Arrow-Hurwicz algorithms and uses a preconditioning technique to enhance convergence. Numerical tests are presented for the cubic cavity problem with two elements, namely the linear brick Q1-P0 and the enriched linear brick Q1+ - P1. It is shown that the proposed methodology is optimal with the enriched element and that the CPU time varies as NEQ1·44, where NEQ is the number of equations.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100406
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boundary node correction and superconvergence in the FEM (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 713-721 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Boundary node correction ; Pressure smoothing ; Finite element method ; Superconvergence ; Posterior error analysis ; Multiple mesh extrapolation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Convergence improvement and superconvergence behaviour, obtained by the simple boundary node correction (BNC) procedure for certain stress-like variables of smoothed FEM solutions, are reported in this paper. The effectiveness of BNC is shown through three examples of steady flow problems, and a posterior error analysis based on the multiple-mesh extrapolation technique has been used for estimating the convergence rates.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100608
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