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  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION  (833)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (757)
  • 1980-1984  (1,590)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1980  (1,590)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1980-1984  (1,590)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
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    Implications for the UK of solar-power satellites /s.p.s/ as an energy source (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The solar power satellite concept which would make the sun's radiation available on earth as a source of energy, is discussed. Attention is given to the concept currently under evaluation in the USA, and also in Europe, though to a lesser extent. The advantages and problems associated with its adoption by the UK as a major source of electrical energy are discussed. The discussion covers topics such as sizing, reference system, and construction, costs, and problem areas.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Low cost silicon-on-ceramic photovoltaic solar cells (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A technique has been developed for coating low-cost mullite-based refractory substrates with thin layers of solar cell quality silicon. The technique involves first carbonizing one surface of the ceramic and then contacting it with molten silicon. The silicon wets the carbonized surface and, under the proper thermal conditions, solidifies as a large-grained sheet. Solar cells produced from this composite silicon-on-ceramic material have exhibited total area conversion efficiencies of ten percent.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 3
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    Large wind-turbine projects in the United States wind energy program (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The technological development of large, horizontal-axis wind turbines (100 kW-2500 kW) is surveyed with attention to prototype projects managed by NASA. Technical feasibility has been demonstrated in utility service for systems with a rated power of up to 200 kW and a rotor diameter of 125 ft (Mod-OA). Current designs of large wind turbines such as the 2500 kW Mod-2 are projected to be cost competitive for utility applications when produced in quantity, with capital costs of 600 to 700 dollars per kW (in 1977 dollars).
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Journal of Industrial Aerodynamics; 5; May 1980
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  • 4
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    The effects of titanium impurities in N/+//P silicon solar cells (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Microscopic and electrical measurements were performed to explain the degradation mechanisms associated with the presence of titanium impurities in silicon. The measurements included X-ray topography, transmission electron microscopy, and deep level transient spectroscopy, before and after processing. The results indicated the presence of TiO2 precipitates, the density of which increased after phosphorus diffusion. A majority carrier trapping level was observed in the wafers before processing. It was concluded that 10% of the Ti in the N(+)/P silicon solar cells formed electrically active centers which caused degradation of the cell junction. 14% of the remaining Ti precipitated out as TiO2, forming electrically active defects, which also caused junction degradation.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Electrochemical Society; vol. 127
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  • 5
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    The influence of a voltage ramp on the measurement of I-V characteristics of a solar cell (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: For efficiency and convenience the voltage applied to a Si solar cell is often fairly rapidly driven from zero to the open circuit value typically at a common rate of 1 V per millisecond. During this time the values of current are determined as a function of the instantaneous voltage thus producing an I-V characteristic. The present paper shows that the customary expressions for the current as a function of cell parameters still remain valid provided that the diffusion length in the expression for the dark current is changed from its steady state value L to the effective diffusion length L1 given by L1 = L(1 + qV/kT.tau) to the -1/2, where V is the ramp rate considered constant and tau is the lifetime of minority carriers. This result is true to a very good approximation provided that low level injection prevails.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Solid-State Electronics; 23; Mar. 198
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  • 6
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    Interactions of efficiency and material requirements for terrestrial silicon solar cells (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The transport velocity transformation method was used to analyze solar cell designs to determine optimum cell structures. It was found that low resistivity materials should be used up to the onset of Auger recombination; a properly designed three-layer structure permits base region approaching an ideal device in performance; and that higher resistivity front regions will need more sophisticated grid metallization structures than those used now. It was concluded that new features will provide idealized silicon cell structures yielding airmass 1 efficiencies in the 24-26.5% range, with real efficiencies near 22%.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 7
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    A unifying study of tandem-junction, front-surface-field, and interdigitated-back-contact solar cells (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Solid-State Electronics; 23; Nov. 198
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  • 8
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    Control of volume resistivity in inorganic-organic separators (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Control of resistivity in NASA inorganic-organic separators is achieved by incorporating small percentages of high surface area, fine-particle silica with other ingredients in the separator coating. The volume resistivity appears to be predictable from coating composition, that is, from the surface area of filler particles in the coating. The approach has been applied to two polymer-'plasticizer'-filler coating systems, where the filler content of each is below the generally acknowledged critical pigment volume concentration of the coating. Application of these coating systems to 0.0254 cm thick (10 mil) fuel-cell grade asbestos sheet produces inexpensive, flexible, microporous separators that perform at least as well as the original inorganic-organic concept, the Astropower separator.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Electrochemical Society; vol. 127
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  • 9
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    Solid-state retrodirective phased array concepts for microwave power transmission from Solar Power Satellite (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Two prototype solid-state phased array systems concepts for potential use in the Solar Power Satellite are described. In both concepts, the beam is centered on the rectenna by means of phase conjugation of a pilot signal emanating from the ground. Also discussed is on-going solid-state amplifier development.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 279-298
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  • 10
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    SPS solid state antenna power combiner (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Solid state dc-rf converters offer potential improvements in reliability, mass and low voltage operation, provided that anticipated efficiencies in excess of 80 percent can be realized. Field effect transistors offer the greatest potential in the SPS frequency band at 2.45 GHz. To implement this approach it is essential that means be found to sum the power of many relatively low power solid state sources in a low-loss manner, and that means be provided to properly control the phase of the outputs of the large number of solid state sources required. To avoid the power combining losses associated with circuit hybrids it was proposed that the power from multiple solid state amplifiers be combined by direct coupling of each amplifier's output to the radiating antenna structure. The selected power-combining antenna consists of a unique printed (metalized) microstrip circuit on a ceramic type dielectric substrate which is backed by a shallow lightweight aluminum cavity which sums the power of four microwave sources. The antenna behaves like two one-half wavelength slot-line antennas coupled together via their common cavity structure.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 268-277
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  • 11
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    Session on solid state: Introduction (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The possibilities of using solid state devices as part of the Satellite Solar Power System are discussed. Solid state advantages and disadvantages are presented along with two potential concepts for use of solid state in the system design.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 253-257
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  • 12
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    Method for precision forming of low-cost, thin-walled slotted waveguide arrays for the SPS (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A method for the precision-forming of thin-walled, slotted-waveguide arrays was devised. Models were constructed with temporary tools and evaluated. The application of the method to the SPS requirements is discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 188-190
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  • 13
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    Evaluation of thick wall wave guide element (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The SPS transmitting array requires an architecture which will provide a low weight, high efficiency and high structural rigidity. As noted above, waveguide slot arrays constitute the most desirable option. Consequently, such an array has been chosen for the SPS. Waveguide slot arrays offer high efficiency, uniform illumination, are are fairly lighweight. Bandwidths of such arrays are narrow, typically 1/2-2%. Although this does not directly impact the SPS, which transmits power at a single frequency of 2.45 GHz, the narrow bandwidth does constrain the thermal and mechanical tolerances of the antenna. The purpose of this program is to better define the electronic aspects of an SPS specific waveguide slot array. The specific aims of the program are as follows: (1) To build a full-scale half-module, 10 stick, array, the design parameters for which are to be determined by analytical considerations tempered by experimental data on a single slotted radiating stick, (2) To experimentally evaluate the completed array with respect to antenna pattern, impedance and return loss, and (3) To measure swept transmission amplitude and phase to provide a data base for design of a receiving antenna.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 180-187
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  • 14
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    SPS antenna element evaluation (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The SPS transmitting array requires an architecture which will provide a low weight, high efficiency and high structural rigidity. Waveguide slot arrays constitute the most desirable option. Consequently, such an array was chosen for the SPS. Waveguide slot arrays offer high efficiency, uniform illumination, and are fairly lightweight. Bandwidths of such arrays are narrow, typically 1/2-2%. Although this does not directly impact the SPS, which transmits power at a single frequency of 2.45 GHz, the narrow bandwidth does constrain the thermal and mechanical tolerances of the antenna. The purpose of this program is to better define the electronic aspects of an SPS specific waveguide slot array. The specific aims of the program are as follows: (1) To build a full-scale half-module, 10 stick, array, the design parameters for which are to be determined analytical considerations tempered by experimental data on a single slotted radiating stick, (2) To experimentally evaluate the completed array with respect to antenna pattern, impedance and return loss; and (3) To measure swept transmission amplitude and phase to provide a data base for design of a receiving antenna.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception 158-165 (SEE N82-12538 03-44)
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  • 15
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    The Resonant Cavity Radiator (RCR) (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The fundamental theory of MW antenna operation and basic array technology development status was used in the design of the 1-km diameter 5-Gw SPS microwave antenna. However, the aperture size and the high efficiency requirements make the MW antenna extremely complex. Studies show that the slotted waveguide array is one of the most efficient radiators for the antenna. Subsequent analyses show that the temperature interface between waveguides and dc-RF conversion tubes can cause severe thermal design problems on the array. An alternate design, the Resonant Cavity Radiator, is described here.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 167-177
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  • 16
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    Radiation damage in high voltage silicon solar cells (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: High open circuit voltage cell designs based on 0.1 Ohm cm p-type silicon were irradiated with 1 MeV electrons and their performance determined to fluences as high as 10 to the 15th power per sq cm. Of the three cell designs, radiation induced degradation was greatest in the high low emitter (HLE) cell. The diffused and ion implanted cells degraded approximately equally but less than the HLE cell. Degradation was greatest in an HLE cell exposed to X-rays before electron irradiation. The cell regions controlling both short circuit current and open circuit voltage degradation were defined in all three cell types. An increase in front surface recombination velocity accompanied time dependent degradation of an HLE cell after X-irradiation. It was speculated that this was indirectly due to a decrease in positive charge at the silicon oxide interface. Modifications aimed at reducing radiation induced degradation are proposed for all three cell types.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: ESA Photovoltaic Generators in Space; p 129-134
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  • 17
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    Development of space-qualified GaAs solar cells (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Cells 2 cm x 2 cm were produced having an efficiency of 16% at 100 C and 12% at 200 C. They were superior to silicon cells under 1 MeV electron bombardment up to fluences in excess of 10 to the 15th power electron per sq cm, and to protons with an energy in excess of 1 MeV. The possibility of producing cells in quantity using a graphite wafer holder is mentioned.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: ESA Photovoltaic Generators in Space; p 121-126
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  • 18
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    Theoretical considerations of soil retention (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The performance of solar energy devices is adversely affected by surface soiling, and generally, the loss of performance increases with increases in the quantity of soil retained on their surfaces. To minimize performance losses caused by soiling, solar devices should not only be deployed in low soiling geographical areas, but employ surfaces or surfacing materials having low affinity for soil retention, maximum susceptibility to be naturally cleaned by wind, rain and snow, and to be readily cleanable by simple and inexpensive maintenance cleaning techniques. This article describes known and postulated mechanisms of soil retention on surfaces, and infers from these mechanisms that low soiling and easily cleanable surfaces should have low surface energy, and be hard, smooth, hydrophobic and chemically clean of sticky materials and water soluble salts.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 19
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    Validation of the solar heating and cooling high speed performance (HISPER) computer code (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Developed to give a quick and accurate predictions HISPER, a simplification of the TRNSYS program, achieves its computational speed by not simulating detailed system operations or performing detailed load computations. In order to validate the HISPER computer for air systems the simulation was compared to the actual performance of an operational test site. Solar insolation, ambient temperature, water usage rate, and water main temperatures from the data tapes for an office building in Huntsville, Alabama were used as input. The HISPER program was found to predict the heating loads and solar fraction of the loads with errors of less than ten percent. Good correlation was found on both a seasonal basis and a monthly basis. Several parameters (such as infiltration rate and the outside ambient temperature above which heating is not required) were found to require careful selection for accurate simulation.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Res. Rept.: The 1980 NASA(ASEE Summer Fac. Fellowship Program; 23 p
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  • 20
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    New technologies for solar energy silicon - Cost analysis of BCL process (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: New technologies for producing polysilicon are being developed to provide lower cost material for solar cells which convert sunlight into electricity. This article presents results for the BCL Process, which produces the solar-cell silicon by reduction of silicon tetrachloride with zinc vapor. Cost, sensitivity, and profitability analysis results are presented based on a preliminary process design of a plant to produce 1000 metric tons/year of silicon by the BCL Process. Profitability analysis indicates a sales price of $12.1-19.4 per kg of silicon (1980 dollars) at a 0-25 per cent DCF rate of return on investment after taxes. These results indicate good potential for meeting the goal of providing lower cost material for silicon solar cells.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Solar Energy; 24; 4, 19; 1980
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  • 21
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    Modified reference SPS with solid state transmitting antenna (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The motivations for considering solid state microwave power amplifiers for the solar power satellite transmitting antenna are the possibilities of greatly increased system reliability due to elimination of electron tube cathodes, a lower mass per unit power and transmitting array area due to the high power densities obtainable in semiconductors, and, probably, cost savings due to development of small hardware items that can be handled by individuals instead of organizations. In order to provide a fair assessment where we stand today with regard to solid state SPS technology, the design described here is close to that of the NASA/DOE reference and is implemented using today's solid state technology with only a small "push". The small push is raising the efficiency of DC-RF conversion from the .68 obtained by RCA in 1975 to somewhat over .8 of the solid state SPS. This is generally considered feasible by semiconductor industry representatives. Other solid state SPS configurations can yield somewhat better performance. However, these generally do not provide as fair a vehicle for comparison with the reference and usually also incorporate somewhat more advanced technologies.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 258-267
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  • 22
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    Rectenna array measurement results (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The measured performance characteristics of a rectenna array are reviewed and compared to the performance of a single element. It is shown that the performance may be extrapolated from the individual element to that of the collection of elements. Techniques for current and voltage combining were demonstrated. The array performance as a function of various operating parameters is characterized and techniques for overvoltage protection and automatic fault clearing in the array demonstrated. A method for detecting failed elements also exists. Instrumentation for deriving performance effectiveness is described. Measured harmonic radiation patterns and fundamental frequency scattered patterns for a low level illumination rectenna array are presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 244-250
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  • 23
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    Rectenna session: Micro aspects (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Two micro aspects of rectenna design are discussed: evaluation of the degradation in net rectenna RF to DC conversion efficiency due to power density variations across the rectenna (power combining analysis) and design of Yagi-Uda receiving elements to reduce rectenna cost by decreasing the number of conversion circuits (directional receiving elements). The first of these involves resolving a fundamental question of efficiency potential with a rectenna, while the second involves a design modification with a large potential cost saving.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 223-231
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  • 24
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    The history of the development of the rectenna (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The history of the development of the rectenna is first reviewed through its early conceptual and developmental phases in which the Air Force and Raytheon Company were primarily involved. The intermediate period of development which involved NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and Raytheon is then reviewed. Some selective aspects of the current SPS rectenna development are examined.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 203-212
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  • 25
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    The adapting of the crossed-field directional amplifier to the requirements of the SPS (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Progress in adapting the crossed-field directional amplifier to the SPS is reviewed. Special emphasis is given to (1) recent developments in controlling the phase and amplitude of the microwave power output, (2) a received architecture for its placement in the subarray, and (3) recent developments in the critical pivotal areas of noise, potential cathode life, and efficiency.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 147-155
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  • 26
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    Analytic investigation of efficiency and performance limits in klystron amplifiers using multidimensional computer programs; multi-stage depressed collectors; and thermionic cathode life studies (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Due to complexity of the program which used a hydrodynamic, axially and radially deformable disk-ring model and the resulting long computing time only the output gap was investigated. Results from independent studies were used to initiate the starting conditions for the electrons and the RF voltage using our program. Although this method of computation is less exact than processing the entire klystron interaction in 3-Dimensions it is shown that, for a confined flow focused throughout the penultimate cavity, radial velocities remain very small and the beam is highly laminar. It is concluded that possible errors resulting from treating only the output cavity in 3-D would remain small.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 139-146
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  • 27
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    High efficiency SPS klystron design (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The most likely compact configuration to realize both high efficiency and high gain is a 5-6 cavity design focused by an electromagnet. An outline of a potential klystron configuration is given. The selected power output of 70 kW CW resulted from a maximum assumed operating voltage of 40 kV. The basic klystron efficiency cannot be expected to exceed 70-75% without collector depression. Although impressive gains were achieved in raising the basic efficiency from 50% to 70% or so with a multi-stage collector, the estimated efficiency improvement due to 5-stage collector at the 75% level is only about 8% resulting in an overall efficiency of about 83%.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 127-136
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  • 28
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    Ionospheric effects in active retrodirective array and mitigating system design (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The operation of an active retrodirective array (ARA) in an ionospheric environment (that is either stationary or slowly-varying) was examined. The restrictions imposed on the pilot-signal structure as a result of such operation are analyzed. A 3-tone pilot beam system is defined which first estimates the total electron content along paths of interest and then utilizes this information to aid the phase conjugator so that correct beam pointing can be achieved.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 115-125
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  • 29
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    A sonic satellite power system microwave power transmission simulator (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A simulator which generates and transmits a beam of audible sound energy mathematically similar to the SPS power beam is described. The simulator provides a laboratory means for analysis of ground based closed loop SPS phase control and of ionospheric effects on the SPS microwave power beam.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 97-99
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  • 30
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    SPS phase control studies (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: To properly point and form the SPS microwave power beam, the outputs of the power amplifiers in the transmitting array must be phased in a specific and coherent fashion. The purpose of the SPB phase control system is to bring this about reliably. A number of different phase control schemes were studied. The one selected for the SPS baseline system is a retrodirective CW phase that is distributed via fiber optics. The basis of this selection is relative technical simplicity and requisite assurance of success.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 100-109
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  • 31
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    An interferometer-based phase control system (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A system for focusing and pointing the SPS power beam is discussed. The system is ground based and closed loop. One receiving antenna is required on Earth. A conventional uplink data channel transmits an 8-bit phase error correlation back to the SPS for sequential calibration of each power module. Beam pointing resolution is better than 140 meters at the Rectenna.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 95-98
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  • 32
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    SPS fiber optic link assessment (1980)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Fiber optic technology was selected in the SPS baseline design to transmit a stable phase reference throughout the microwave array. Over a hundred thousand microwave modules are electronically steered by the phase reference signal to form the power beam at the ground receiving station. The initially selected IF distribution frequency of the phase reference signal was set at 980 MHz or a submultiple of it. Fiber optics offers some significant advantages in view of the SPS application. Optical transmission is highly immume to EMI/RFI, which is expected to be severe when considering the low distribution power. In addition, there will be savings in both mass, physical size, and potentially in cost.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 110-114
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    Ionospheric power beam studies (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A power density level of 23 mW/sq cm is presented as a design specification based on theoretical calculations of a threshold for microwave ionosphere nonlinear interaction (thermal runaway). For comparable power densities, enhanced electron heating is observed to change the electron temperature by a factor of two or three, but not by an order of magnitude.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 32-43
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  • 34
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    SPS large array simulation (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The computer programming efforts were directed primarily to beam pattern analysis. The computer programs used for simulation provide: verification of the reference design; definition of feasible departures such as quantized distributions; the study of far-out sidelobe roll-off characteristics; the analysis of errors and failures; illumination function analysis to develop beam patterns for efficient collection; and beam shaping synthesis to meet environmental constraints.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 14-23
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  • 35
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    An active alignment scheme for the MPTS array (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: In order to maximize the efficiency of the microwave power transmission system (MPTS), the surface of the array antenna must be extremely flat, which is difficult to achieve using passive techniques over the 1 km dimensions of the array. In order to achieve and maintain this required flatness, a rotating laser beam used for leveling applications on Earth was utilized as a reference system. A photoconductive sensor with a reflective collecting surface was used to determine the displacement and polarity of any misalignment and automatically engage a stepping motor to drive a variable-length mechanism to make the necessary corrections. Once aligned, little power is dissipated since a nulling bridge circuit that centers on the beam is used, an important alignment feature since even laser beams broaden considerably at 1 km distances.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 26-31
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  • 36
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    System performance conclusions (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: System sizing is discussed in terms of reduced power levels and antenna diameters smaller than 1 km. The microwave transmission efficiency for smaller SPS systems was investigated. Startup and shutdown operations were examined with emphasis on solar eclipse effects on the solar arrays. The antennas and subarray mechanical alignments are also discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 1-12
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  • 37
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    Solid state device technology for Solar Power Satellite (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: The feasibility of using solid state elements in the solar power satellite transmitter system is addressed. Recommendations are given concerning device types, the antenna modules, and the overall antenna system. The development of a solid state amplifier based on GaAs field effect transistor devices is also described.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 358-366
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  • 38
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    Nickel hydrogen cell characterization test results (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Charge control studies on nickel hydrogen cells are discussed. Characterization test data for the cells are presented in graphical form. The test areas covered were capacity versus temperature, ampere-hour cycling efficiency, and the charge method which involved voltage level with current limiting.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 525-531
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  • 39
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    Advanced systems development (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Hawaii Univ. Natl. Conf. on Renewable Energy Technol.; 2 p
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  • 40
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    Industrial approaches to the central and distributed grid-connected photovoltaic markets (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Hawaii Univ. Natl. Conf. on Renewable Energy Technol.; 2 p
    Format: text
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  • 41
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    Parabolic dish technology (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Hawaii Univ. Natl. Conf. on Renewable Energy Technol.; 2 p
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  • 42
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    GaAs homojunction solar cell development (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The Lincoln Laboratory n(+)/p/p(+) GaAs shallow homojunction cell structure was successfully demonstrated on 2 by 2 cm GaAs substrates. Air mass zero efficiencies of the seven cells produced to date range from 13.6 to 15.6 percent. Current voltage (I-V) characteristics, spectral response, and measurements were made on all seven cells. Preliminary analysis of 1 MeV electron radiation damage data indicate excellent radiation resistance for these cells.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol.; p 239-247
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  • 43
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    OM-VPE grown materials for high efficiency solar cells (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Organometallic sources are available for all the III-V elements and a variety of dopants; thus it is possible to use the technique to grow a wide variety of semiconductor compounds. AlGaAsSb and AlGaInAs alloys for multijunction monolithic solar cells were grown by OM-VPE. While the effort concentrated on terrestrial applications, the success of OM-VPE grown GaAs/AlGaAs concentrator solar cells (23% at 400 suns) demonstrates that OM-VPE is suitable for growing high efficiency solar cells in large quantities for space applications. In addition, OM-VPE offers the potential for substantial cost reduction of photovoltaic devices with scale up and automation and due to high process yield from reproducible, uniform epitaxial growths with excellent surface morphology.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol.; p 165-173
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  • 44
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    Incorporation of superlattice crystal layers in multijunction solar cells (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Superlattice layers are effective in decreasing the density of dislocations in lattice mismatched heterostructures at least four orders of magnitude. Hence it was proposed to utilize this feature of superlattices to alleviate the problems due to misfit dislocations generated in the regions between two or more photovoltaic collecting junctions. A further advantage is that the possibility is presented for using silicon as a low cost substrate as well as for the low band gap junction. In the test case, a silicon low gap cell was connected to a GaAs.7P.3 high gap cell through a connecting region containing a GaAs/GaP superlattice.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol.; p 131-136
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  • 45
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    Study of process technology for GaAlAs/GaAs heteroface solar cells (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Two processes were considered: the infinite melt process and the finite melt process. The only technique that is developed to the point that 10,000 cells could be produced in one year is the infinite melt liquid phase epitaxy process. The lowest cost per cell was achieved with the advanced metal organic chemical vapor deposition process. Molecular beam epitaxy was limited by the slow growth rate. The lowest cost, an 18 percent efficient cell at air mass zero, was approximately $70 per watt.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol.; p 87-94
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  • 46
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    Silicon Research and Technology Workshop report (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The materials, structures, processing, modeling and measurements of high efficiency silicon solar cells were surveyed. In the materials area, highlights included: (1) the possibility of improving cell voltages by reducing minority carrier mobilities in critical regions of the solar cells; (2) the need for and possibility of lowering the surface recombination velocity for improvement of open circuit voltage in shallow junction cells; (3) the present need for improved lifetime in high resistivity cells; and (4) the potential for new materials such as polycrystalline or dendritic web material to perform well at end of life in a radiation environment. In the area of structures, distinction was made between those for terrestrial use and those that would survive radiation environments. Areas such as epitaxial growth and laser or elctron beam annealing (and diffusion) were proposed as having certain advantages over more conventional techniques.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol.; p 71-72
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  • 47
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    The effect of minority carrier mobility variations on the performance of high voltage silicon solar cells (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A multistep diffusion processing schedule is described which allows the attainment of high open circuit voltages in 0.1 ohm/cm silicon cells. The schedule consists of a deep primary diffusion, followed by an acid etch of emmitter surface which is then followed by a shallow secondary diffusion. A correlation is made between the observed voltage increases and the time of primary diffusion. Results indicate that as the primary diffusion time increases, the voltage rises monotonically.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol.; p 29-35
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  • 48
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    Solid state systems concepts (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Two prototype solid state phased array systems concepts for potential use in the Solar Power Satellite are described; the end-mounted and the sandwich systems. In both concepts, the beam is centered on the rectenna by means of phase conjugation of a pilot signal emanating from the ground. In the end-mounted system 36-watt amplifiers are mounted on the ground-plane, whereas in the sandwich the amplifiers are elevated to the dipoles, and their waste heat is dissipated by beryllium oxide discs. The feed lines are underneath the ground-plane, and a coaxial transmission line is carried all the way to the amplifier input. Also discussed is solid state amplifier development.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 348-357
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  • 49
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    Rectenna array measurement results (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The measured performance characteristics of a rectenna array are reviewed and compared to the performance of a single element. It is shown that the performance may be extrapolated from the individual element to that of the collection of elements. Techniques for current and voltage combining are demonstrated. The array performance as a function of various operating parameters is characterized and techniques for overvoltage protection and automatic fault clearing in the array are demonstrated. A method for detecting failed elements also exists. Instrumentation for deriving performance effectiveness is described. Measured harmonic radiation patterns and fundamental frequency scattered patterns for a low level illumination rectenna array are presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 307-318
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  • 50
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    Rectenna System Design (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The fundamental processes involved in the operation of the rectenna system designed for the solar power satellite system are described. The basic design choices are presented based on the desired microwave rf field concentration prior to rectification and based on the ground clearance requirements for the rectenna structure. A nonconcentrating inclined planar panel with a 2 meter minimum clearance configuration is selected as a representative of the typical rectenna.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 281-290
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  • 51
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    The adapting of the crossed-field directional amplifier to the requirements of the SPS (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Progress was reviewed with special emphasis upon recent developments in controlling the phase and amplitude of the microwave power output, and a perceived architecture for its placement in the subarray. Development in the critical pivotal areas of noise, potential cathode life, and efficiency are reported.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 214-222
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  • 52
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    High efficiency SPS klystron design (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The most likely compact configuration to realize both high efficiency and high gain (approx. 40 dB) is a 5-6 cavity design focused by an electromagnet. The basic klystron efficiency cannot be expected to exceed 70-75% without collector depression. It was estimated that the net benefit of a 5 stage collector over a 2 stage collector is between 1.5 and 3.5 kW per tube. A modulating anode is incorporated in the design to enable rapid shutoff of the beam current in case the r.f. drive should be removed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 175-184
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  • 53
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    Active retrodirective arrays for SPS beam pointing (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The basic requirement of the SPS beam pointing system is that it deliver a certain amount of S-band (lambda = 12.5 cm) power to a 9.6 km diameter receiving rectenna on the ground. The power is transmitted from a 1.0 km diameter antenna array on the SPS, which is, for a rectenna at about plus or minus 40 deg. latitude, some 37.5x10 to the 6th power km distant. At the present time ARA's appear to be the best bet to realize this very stringent beam pointing requirement. An active retrodirective array (ARA) transmits a beam towards the apparent source of an illuminating signal called the pilot. The array produces, not merely reflects, RF power. Retrodirectivity is achieved by retransmitting from each element of the array a signal whose phase is the "conjugate" of that received by the element. Phase conjugate circuits and pointing errors in ARA's are described. Results obtained using a 2-element X-band ARA and an 8-element S-band ARA are included.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 79-101
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  • 54
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    SPS large array simulation (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Three types of computer simulations were developed to study the SPS microwave power transmission system (MPTS). The radially symmetric array simulation is low cost and is utilized to investigate general overall characteristics of the spacetenna at the array level only. "Tiltmain", a subarray level simulation program, is used to study the effects of system errors which modify the far-field pattern. The most recently designed program, "Modmain," takes the detail of simulation down to the RF module level and so to date is the closest numerical model of the reference design.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 33-42
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  • 55
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    Analytical investigation of efficiency and performance limits in klystron amplifiers using multidimensional computer programs; multi-stage depressed collectors; and thermionic cathode life studies (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: An extensive parametric investigation was performed of the extraction of energy in output gaps of klystron amplifiers, using 3-D computer programs. Due to complexity of the program which used a hydrodynamic, axially and radially deformable disk ring model and the resulting long computing time, the investigation was limited to the output gap, by far the most important and difficult part of the klystron interaction. Results show that, for a confined flow focused beam throughout the penultimate cavity, radial velocities remain very small and the beam is highly laminar. It was, therefore, concluded that possible errors resulting from treating only the output cavity in 3-D would remain small.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 206-213
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  • 56
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    An active alignment scheme for the MPTS array (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: In order to achieve and maintain required flatness of the antenna array, a rotating laser beam used for leveling applications on earth was utilized as a reference system. A photoconductive sensor with a reflective collecting surface determines the displacement and polarity of any misalignment and automatically engages a stepping motor to drive a variable-length mechanism to make the necessary corrections. Once aligned, little power is dissipated since a nulling bridge circuit that centers on the beam is used. A three-point subarray alignment arrangement is described which independently adjusts, in the three orthogonal directions, the height and tilt of subarrays within the MPTS array and readily adapts to any physical distortions of the secondary structure (such as that resulting from severe temperature extremes caused by an eclipse of the Sun). It is shown that only one rotating laser system is required since optical blockage is minimal on the array surface and that it is possible to incorporate a number of redundant laser systems for reliability without affecting the overall performance.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 46-62
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    Solar panel thermal cycling testing by solar simulation and infrared radiation methods (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: For the solar panels of the European Space Agency (ESA) satellites OTS/MAROTS and ECS/MARECS the thermal cycling tests were performed by using solar simulation methods. The performance data of two different solar simulators used and the thermal test results are described. The solar simulation thermal cycling tests for the ECS/MARECS solar panels were carried out with the aid of a rotatable multipanel test rig by which simultaneous testing of three solar panels was possible. As an alternative thermal test method, the capability of an infrared radiation method was studied and infrared simulation tests for the ultralight panel and the INTELSAT 5 solar panels were performed. The setup and the characteristics of the infrared radiation unit using a quartz lamp array of approx. 15 sq and LN2-cooled shutter and the thermal test results are presented. The irradiation uniformity, the solar panel temperature distribution, temperature changing rates for both test methods are compared. Results indicate the infrared simulation is an effective solar panel thermal testing method.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center The 11th Space Simulation Conf.; p 318-330
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  • 58
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    Energy overview (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The experience, capabilities, and facilities being utilized at NASA Lewis in support of energy programs conducted by the Department of Energy and other agencies are discussed. Background information is given regarding NASA's involvement in solving energy problems.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Impact for the 80's: Proc. of a Conf. on Selected Technol. for Business and Ind.; p 1-9
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  • 59
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    Hermetic encapsulation technique for solar arrays (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A concept is presented for encapsulating solar cells between two layers of glass either individually, in panels, or in a continuous process. The concept yields an integral unit that is hermetically sealed and that is tolerant to high temperature thermal cycling and to particulate radiation. Data are presented on both high temperature solar cells and special glasses that soften at low temperatures for use with the concept. The results of encapsulating experiments are presented which show the successful application of the concept to the special high temperature cells. The mechanical feasibility of encapsulating 2 mil cells between two layers of 2 mil glass is also demonstrated.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol.; p 337-344
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  • 60
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    Radiation Damage Workshop report (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The starting material, cell design/geometry, and cell processing/fabrication for silicon and gallium arsenide solar cells are addressed with reference to radiation damage. In general, it is concluded that diagnostic sensitivities and material purities are basic to making significant gains in end-of-life performance and thermal annealability. Further, GaAs material characterization is so sketchy that a well defined program to evaluate such material for solar cell application is needed to maximize GaAs cell technology benefits.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol.; p 289-292
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    Proton radiation damage in bulk n-GaAs (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Bulk samples of Te-doped n-type GaAs were irradiated using 10 MeV to 24 MeV protons to fluences between 2 x 10 to the 11th power protons/sq cm and 2 x 10 to the 14th power protons/sq cm. Majority carrier electrical effects were measured using the vanderPauw techniques and it was observed that radiation damage was minimal at the 10 to the 11th power proton/sq cm fluence. For the higher fluences, carrier removal was proportional to Delta E/Delta x for the protons indicating ionization interactions between the protons and atoms. Thermal annealing was observed at 155 C.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol.; p 265-275
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  • 62
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    Radiation damage in silicon NIP solar cells (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The performance parameters of n(+) p p(+) silicon solar cells of varying thicknesses with boron doped p base resistivities of 1250 and 84 ohm centimeters were determined. High injection theory was used to analyze the experimental data. Results from an analysis of open circuit voltages show a much greater contribution to V(oc) from the back junction than is the case for the lower resistivity in common use. The base minority carrier distribution is seen to be significant in determining the contribution of V(B), the base contribution to V(oc). Although V(B) is small, its value increases with increasing radiation fluence. In this connection it is noted that, with illumination from the p(+) side, the sign of V(B) becomes positive, and V(B) itself becomes an additive term to V(oc). Diffusion lengths determined under high injection conditions are significantly greater than those obtained under low injection, while damage coefficients under low injection are higher than those obtained under high injection conditions.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol.; p 199-206
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  • 63
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    Annealing of radiation damage in low resistivity silicon solar cells (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The reduction of the temperatures required to restore cell performance after irradiation was investigated with emphasis on the annealing characteristics of two groups of cells containing different amounts of oxygen and carbon. Examination of defect behavior in irradiated boron doped silicon leads to the tentative conclusion that further reduction in annealing temperature could be achieved by decreasing the carbon concentration and either neutralizing the divacancy and/or minimizing its formation as a result of irradiation. A significant reduction in the temperature required to remove radiation induced degradation in 0.1 ohm centimeter silicon solar cells was achieved.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol.; p 181-186
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  • 64
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    Cascade Solar Cell Workshop report (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Issues related to the feasibility, research and development, and demonstration of a 30% AMO cascade solar cell discussed include the material selection, growth and fabrication techniques, and device development strategy for a monolithic (two terminal) cascade cell, a hybrid (four terminal) cascade cell, and a spectral splitting device (three cells). Workshop recommendations include: (1) initiate a long range research program to develop a three junction, monolithic, cascade cell using either AlGaAsSb-GaAsSb or AlGaInAs-GaInAs material system; (2) emphasize OM-CVD epitaxial growth technique, perhaps combined with other technologies in the near term to obtain tunnel junctions; (3) develop a two junction device first; (4) initiate a cascade solar cell modeling program to study and compare performance of two and four terminal cascade devices exposed to electron and proton irradiation; and (5) encourage and be open to new ideas for developing four terminal, hybrid, cascade cells exploiting novel component cell interconnect technologies.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol.; p 175-180
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    GaAs workshop report (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The advantages of GaAs over silicon are discussed. The substrate problem in solar cell fabrication was reviewed. Future trends in solar energy technology were predicted with special emphasis on cost of production.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol.; p 121-124
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    Status of Rockwell-ERC high efficiency solar cell programs (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Programs aimed at developing large area, high efficiency GaAs heteroface cells for low concentration space applications and high concentration terrestrial applications as well as other programs aimed at developing high efficiency multicolor devices for use in similar applications are described. An additional program aimed at achieving improved power to weight ratio by parting thin film solar cells from their growth substrates prior to their incorporation into an array assembly is also described. There is potential for multiple reuse of the substrates which could lead to reduced costs for such devices. Highlights of these programs and their interrelated contributions toward the goals of reducing specific weight, volume and cost of photovoltaic space power systems are discussed. Overall goals are summarized and current programs and their funding sources are listed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol.; p 113-119
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  • 67
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    Theoretical results on the double-collecting tandem junction solar cell (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Results of computer calculations using a one dimensional model of the silicon tandem junction solar cell with both front and back current collection are presented. Using realistically achievable geometrical and material parameters, the model predicts that with base widths of 50 micrometers and 100 micrometers and base resistivities between 1 ohm/cm and 20 ohm/cm, beginning of life efficiencies of 14% to 17% and end of life efficiencies of 12% to 14%, after about seven years in synchronous orbit, can be obtained.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Lewis Research Center Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol.; p 51-59
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  • 68
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    Microwave power transmission system workshop, session on solid state (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The development of solid state technology for solar power satellite systems is briefly addressed. The economic advantages of solid state based systems are listed along with some conclusions and issues regarding specific design concepts.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 323-327
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    Modified Reference SPS with Solid State Transmitting Antenna (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The development of solid state microwave power amplifiers for a solar power satellite transmitting antenna is discussed. State-of-the-art power-added efficiency, gain, and single device power of various microwave solid state devices are compared. The GaAs field effect transistors and the Si-bipolar transistors appear potentially feasible for solar power satellite use. The integration of solid state devices into antenna array elements is examined and issues concerning antenna integration and consequent satellite configurations are examined.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 328-337
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  • 70
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    SPS solid state antenna power combiner (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A concept for a solar power satellite antenna power combiner which utilizes solid state dc-rf converters is described. To avoid the power combining losses associated with circuit hybrids it is proposed that the power from multiple solid state amplifiers be combined by direct coupling of each amplifier's output to the radiating antenna structure. The selected power-combining antenna consists of a printed (metalized) microstrip circuit on a ceramic type dielectric substrate which is backed by a shallow lightweight aluminum cavity which sums the power of four microwave sources. The antenna behaves like two one-half wavelength slot-line antennas coupled together via their common cavity structure. A significant feature of the antenna configuration selected is that the radiated energy is summed to yield a single radiated output phase which represents the average insertion phase of the four power amplifiers. This energy may be sampled and, by comparison with the input signal, one can phase error correct to maintain the insertion phase of all solid state power combining modules at exactly the same value. This insures that the insertion phase of each SPS power combining antenna module is identical. An experiment verification program is described.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 338-347
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  • 71
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    Rectenna session: Micro aspects (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Two micro aspects of the rectenna design are addressed: evaluation of the degradation in net rectenna RF to DC conversion efficiency due to power density variations across the rectenna (power combining analysis) and design of Yagi-Uda receiving elements to reduce rectenna cost by decreasing the number of conversion circuits (directional receiving elements). The first of these micro aspects involves resolving a fundamental question of efficiency potential with a rectenna, while the second involves a design modification with a large potential cost saving.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 291-299
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  • 72
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    Ionospheric effects in active retrodirective array and mitigating system design (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The operation of an active retrodirective array (ARA) in an ionospheric environment (that is either stationary or slowly-varying) was examined. The restrictions imposed on the pilot signal structure as a result of such operation were analyzed. A 3 tone pilot beam system was defined which first estimates the total electron content along paths of interest and then utilizes this information to aid the phase conjugator so that correct beam pointing can be achieved.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 159-168
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  • 73
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    Performance analysis and simulation of the SPS reference phase control system (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The major elements required in the operation of an SPS which employs retrodirectivity as a means of pointing the beam to Earth include the spacetenna, the rectenna, and the pilot signal transmitter. The phase control system is faced with several problems: (1) path delay variations due to imperfect SPS circular orbits; (2) ionospheric effects; (3) initial phase beam forming; (4) beam pointing; (5) beam safing; (6) high power phase noise effects; and (7) interference. The use of SOLARISM, a computer program to select pilot signal parameters and evaluate SPS performance is described.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 102-118
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  • 74
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    Achievable flatness in a large microwave power transmitting antenna (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A dual reference SPS system with pseudoisotropic graphite composite as a representative dimensionally stable composite was studied. The loads, accelerations, thermal environments, temperatures and distortions were calculated for a variety of operational SPS conditions along with statistical considerations of material properties, manufacturing tolerances, measurement accuracy and the resulting loss of sight (LOS) and local slope distributions. A LOS error and a subarray rms slope error of two arc minutes can be achieved with a passive system. Results show that existing materials measurement, manufacturing, assembly and alignment techniques can be used to build the microwave power transmission system antenna structure. Manufacturing tolerance can be critical to rms slope error. The slope error budget can be met with a passive system. Structural joints without free play are essential in the assembly of the large truss structure. Variations in material properties, particularly for coefficient of thermal expansion from part to part, is more significant than actual value.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 43-45
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  • 75
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    Solar photovoltaics: Stand alone applications (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The Lewis Research Center involvement in space photovoltaic research and development and in using photovoltaics for terrestrial applications is described with emphasis on applications in which the normal source of power may be a diesel generator, batteries, or other types of power not connected to a utility grid. Once an application is processed, technology is developed and demonstrated with a user who participates in the cost and furnishes the site. Projects completed related to instruments, communication, refrigeration, and highways, are described as well as warning systems, weather stations, fire lookouts, and village power systems. A commercially available photovoltaic powered electric fence charger is the result of Lewis research and development.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Impact for the 80's: Proc. of a Conf. on Selected Technol. for Business and Ind.; p 145-156
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  • 76
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    The DOE photovoltaics program (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: As part of the National Solar Energy program, the US Department of Energy is now engaged in the development of technically feasible, low cost candidate component and system technologies to the point where technical readiness can be demonstrated by 1982. The overall strategy is to pursue parallel options that continue to show promise of meeting the program goals, thus increasing the probability that at least one technology will be successful. Included in technology development are both flat plate solar collectors and concentrator solar collectors, as well as the balance of system components, such as structures, power conditioning, power controls, protection, and storage. Generally, these last items are common to both flat plate and concentrator systems, but otherwise there is considerable disparity in design philosophy, photovoltaic cell requirements, and possible applications between the two systems. Objectives for research activities at NASA Lewis for stand alone applications, and at Sandia Laboratories where intermediate load center applications are addressed, are highlighted as well as college projects directed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and international applications managed by the Solar Energy Research Institute. Joint DOD/DOE effects for military applications are also summarized.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Impact for the 80's: Proc. of a Conf. on Selected Technol. for Business and Ind.; p 133-143
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  • 77
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    Late biological effects of heavy charged particles: Cataracts, vascular injury and life shortening in mice (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Risks associated with extended habitation in a space environment, particularly hazards to space workers that might result from exposure to high energy heavy ion particles (HZE), were studied. Biological effects of HZE were investigated in mice to assess their potential adverse health hazards. The potential effects of HZE particles on the crystalline lens of the eye and the carcinogenic effects and blood vessel (vascular) damage from radiation were evaluated by a risk assessment. Animal experiments to evaluate dose response relationships for tumor induction/promotion and for vascular injury were introduced. Cataract productions and preliminary results on cacinogenic and vascular effects are presented for perspective.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Washington The Final Proc. of the Solar Power Satellite Program Rev.; p 477-479
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    Hazards to space workers from ionizing radiation (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A compilation of background information and a preliminary assessment of the potential risks to workers from the ionizing radiation encountered in space is provided. The report: (1) summarizes the current knowledge of the space radiation environment to which space workers will be exposed; (2) reviews the biological effects of ionizing radiation considered of major importance to a SPS project; and (3) discusses the health implications of exposure of populations of space workers to the radiations likely to penetrate through the shielding provided by the SPS work stations and habitat shelters of the SPS Reference System.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Washington The Final Proc. of the Solar Power Satellite Program Rev.; p 475-476
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  • 79
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    Satellite power system operations (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A projection of the electrical energy demands over the next 30 to 50 years, coupled with reasonable assessments of known or developable energy sources, indicates that a shortage of electrical energy will occur about the turn of the century. Recognizing the criticality of such a shortage, the Department of Energy is currently evaluating alternative power generation concepts. One of these candidate concepts is the Satellite Power System. The power levels considered during the evaluation of the various satellite systems have ranged from 5 to 10 GW. It is apparent that, with this power level, both the satellite and the rectenna must be very large and encompass a large number of complex operational system activities. Major elements of the Satellite Power System (SPS) consist of a power satellite placed in a geosynchronous equatorial orbit, and a dedicated ground receiving station (GRS) located at a selected site within the continental United States. The nominal power output of the SPS is established at 5 gigawatts (5 million kilowatts) although, because of various system constraints or losses, it may actually produce between 4 and 5 gigawatts.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Washington The Final Proc. of the Solar Power Satellite Program Rev.; p 368-371
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  • 80
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    A theoretical study of microwave beam absorption by a rectenna (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The rectenna's microwave power beam absorption limit was theoretically confirmed by two mathematical models descriptive of the microwave absorption process; first one model was based on the current sheet equivalency of a large planar array above a reflector and the second model, which was based on the properties of a waveguide with special imaging characteristics, quantified the electromagnetic modes (field configurations) in the immediate vicinity of a Rectenna element spacing which permit total power beam absorption by preventing unwanted modes from propagating (scattering) were derived using these models. Several factors causing unwanted scattering are discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Washington The Final Proc. of the Solar Power Satellite Program Rev.; p 332-335
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  • 81
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    Smaller SPS system sizing tradeoffs (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The solar power satellite and associated microwave system was reoptimized with larger antennas (at 2.45 GHz), reduced output powers, and smaller rectennas. Four constraints were considered: (1) the 23 mw/sq cm ionospheric limit; (2) a higher (54 mW/sq cm) ionospheric limit; (3) the 23 KW/sq cm thermal limit in the antenna; and (4) an improved thermal design allowing 33% additional waste heat. The differential costs in electricity for seven antenna/rectenna configurations operating at 2.45 GHz and five satellite systems operating at 5.8 GHz were calculated. It is concluded that a larger antenna/smaller rectenna configurations are economically feasible under certain conditions; a transmit antenna diameters should be limited to 1 to 1.5 Km for 2.45 GHz operation and .75 to 1.0 Km for 5.8 GHz; the present ionospheric limit of 23 mw/sq cm is probably too low and should be raised after ionospheric heating tests and studies are completed; the 5.8 GHz configurations are constrainted by antenna thermal limitations, rather than ionospheric limits; and multiple (two to four) antennas on a single solar satellite are recommended regardless of the particular antenna/rectenna configuration chosen.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Washington The Final Proc. of the Solar Power Satellite Program Rev.; p 297-300
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  • 82
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    Proton damage annealing kinetics in silicon solar cells (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Proton damage annealing as a method for prolonging the life of solar power systems in space is discussed. Variables are minimized and fundamental characteristics of proton damage annealing are considered. The usefulness of annealing for prolonging space missions is evaluated. A preliminary determination of optimum annealing conditions is made, and base data provided for more detailed research programs.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Washington The Final Proc. of the Solar Power Satellite Program Rev.; p 254-257
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  • 83
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    Satellite Power System total proof of concept program (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Requirements for a solar power satellite (SPS) orbital demonstration for providing a system proof of concept within the decade of the 1980s are outlined. Maximum use of the anticipated results of the ground based exploratory development program (GBED) results and Earth launching via the space shuttle are assumed. System demonstration requirements are listed. It was determined that total proof of concept can be demonstrated with a satellite at low Earth orbit, and that orbital construction of a full scale microwave antenna structure is feasible, as is demonstration of power collection by a transportable rectanna farm with an area of approximately one half acre.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Washington The Final Proc. of the Solar Power Satellite Program Rev.; p 240-242
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  • 84
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    Prototype solar power satellite options (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The choice of options for the prototype solar power satellite is addressed relative to risk and cost. Emphasis is placed on the reduction of the risk of failure. Risk is the program cost multiplied by the reduction in probability of program success due to the risky action. Four classes of risk are identified. It is suggested that prototyping would reduce the technical risk as well as reduce the effects of the other three types of risk by allowing them to be quantified earlier. Prototype demonstration requirements addressed include electromagnetic power link feasibility demonstration, component integration verification, construction technology verification, and cost performance verification. Specific prototype requirements are listed and prototyping options are given in tabular form.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Washington The Final Proc. of the Solar Power Satellite Program Rev.; p 219-222
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  • 85
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    Passive solar reflector satellite revisited (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Passive light weight reflectors in space which direct the incident solar energy to a specified location on the Earth surface are proposed as an alternative system for the solar power satellite to overcome conversion losses and to avoid the need for photovoltaic cells. On Earth, either photovoltaic cells or a steam turbine alternator on a solar tower, or a similar conventional, relatively high efficiency cycle are used for electricity generation. The constraints which apply to the design of the optical system if a single satellite is placed in geostationary orbit are outlined. A single lens and a two lens system are discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Washington The Final Proc. of the Solar Power Satellite Program Rev.; p 231-233
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  • 86
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    Technology alternatives for the SPS (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Emerging technologies may offer advantages over those selected for the reference design adopted for the SPS. While it is not possible to list all the technological innovations that may affect the SPS, it is feasible to develop a systematic methodology for assessing technical alternatives. This may be of value in evaluating proposed technologies and identifying high priority areas for research. Such a methodology includes involves (1) variation of guidelines; (2) analysis of system functions; (3) analysis of system sensitivity; (4) analysis of technology status and risk; and (5) external costs, problem areas, and criticisms of the SPS concept. The methodology is a first step towards the creation of a formal decision analytic framework which can support design choices and program decisions as development proceeds.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Washington The Final Proc. of the Solid Power Satellite Program Rev.; p 216-218
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  • 87
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    Earth-to-orbit transportation for solar power satellites (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The cargo transport capability and the cost of space transportation operations for transportation of solar power satellites (SPS) to space are addressed. The history of SPS launch vehicle evolution is shown. Alternative vehicle designs developed include: (1) a parallel burn, crossfeed configuration; (2) single stage to orbit airbreathing/rocket runway takeoff vehicle concept; and (3) a smaller HLLV concept. The smaller HLLV was analyzed to compare the nonrecurring cost benefits of a less challenging development with the recurring cost increases expected due to losses in efficiency associated with smaller vehicle size. The vehicle payload bay size was selected to be adequate to accommodate the SPS transmitter subarrays fully assembled. The resulting vehicle design is compared with the shuttle, the Saturn V, and the reference SPS HLLV. A nonrecurring savings of at least five billion dollars was obtained with a recurring cost penalty of 3% per SPS. The environmental benefits of the small vehicle were deemed more important than the slight increase in upper atmosphere propellant deposition. It is recommended that the small HLLV be adopted as the SPS reference launch system.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Washington The Final Proc. of the Solar Power Satellite Program Rev.; p 200-203
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  • 88
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    SPS program review transportation perspective (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The delivery of cargo and space workers to the SPS construction site requires the development of two different systems, one to handle large cargo deliveries and a smaller system to accommodate crew. The overall scenario of the transportation system is shown. Eight major elements comprise the transportation system: personnel launch vehicle (PLV) or shuttle; personnel orbital transfer vehicle (POTV); the heavy lift launch vehicle (HLLV); the electric orbital transfer vehicle (EOTV); intra orbit transfer vehicle (IOTV); LEO support facility; GEO support facility and a shuttle derived HLLV (SDHLLV) for supporting the early SPS Demonstration Program. The HLLV and EOTV represent the cargo carriers while the PLV and POTV represent the people carriers. The IOTV is utilized to ferry people and cargo modules over short distances in the vicinity of its station.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Washington The Final Proc. of the Solar Power Satellite Program Rev.; p 193-195
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  • 89
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    Automated construction of lightweight, simple, field-erected structures (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The feasibility of automation of construction processes which could result in mobile construction robots is examined. The construction of a large photovoltaic power plant with a peak power output of 100 MW is demonstrated. The reasons to automate the construction process, a conventional construction scenario as the reference for evaluation, and a list of potential cost benefits using robots are presented. The technical feasibility of using robots to construct SPS ground stations is addressed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Washington The Final Proc. of the Solar Power Satellite Program Rev.; p 324-327
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  • 90
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    SPS construction perspective. Summary (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Projections concerning the general construction requirements for a solar power satellite (SPS) are summarized. It is recognized that the ability to construct an SPS must be developed through an evolutionary process. This process would begin with shuttle operations and when construction timelines exceed the shuttle capability, small manned bases in low Earth orbit (LEO) would be used. The influence of construction methods on design, assembly bases, and crew considerations are addressed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Washington The Final Proc. of the Solar Power Satellite Program Rev.; p 301-302
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  • 91
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    Satellite Power System Concept Development and Evaluation Program, Critical Supporting Investigations. Summary (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Investigations in critical technology of the solar power satellite (SPS) concept development program are summarized. Studies of the potential application of fiber optics transmission links across the SPS one kilometer antenna and evaluation of gallium arsenide field effect transistors and their associated power amplifier circuitry are discussed in more detail.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Washington The Final Proc. of the Solar Power Satellite Program Rev.; p 281-284
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  • 92
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    Societal assessment overview (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The decision to proceed with SPS depends on a political determination that commitment of the economic, institutional, and social energies required for its implementation is a worthwhile investment. This determination is national (and international) in scope and is based on knowledge of the environmental and societal impacts of the SPS, its projected economics and technological risks, expressed through the influence of contending segments of society. To assist the decision makers, an assessment of societal issues associated with the SPS was undertaken as part of the Concept Development and Evaluation Program. Results of the assessment are reported. The primary societal assessment objectives are to determine if the societal ramifications of an SPS might significantly impede its development, and to establish an information base regarding these issues. Estimates regarding SPS impacts commensurate with its stage of development and the needs of the decision makers are provided.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Washington The Final Proc. of the Solar Power Satellite Program Rev.; p 54-77
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  • 93
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    SPS and alternative technologies cost and performance evaluations (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Cost estimates for production of the electrical energy needed in the early twenty-first century are provided. Costs and performance of the Satellite Power System are compared with alternative methods of producing electrical energy.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Washington The Final Proc. of the Solar Power Satellite Program Rev.; p 146-149
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  • 94
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    Nonmicrowave health and ecological effects: Overview (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: The potential environmental impacts due to the operation and construction of the Satellite Power System are discussed. The nonmicrowave health and ecological effects encompass impacts on the public, the terrestrial worker, the space worker, the ecology, and agriculture.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Washington The Final Proc. of the Solar Power Satellite Program Rev.; p 122-123
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  • 95
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    Overview of atmospheric effects (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Effluents from the transportation system are the major cause of Satellite Power System related atmospheric effects. These effects are discussed and include inadvertent weather modification, air quality degradation, compositional changes in the stratosphere and mesosphere, formation of noctilucent clouds, plasma density changes, airglow enhancements, and changes in composition and dynamics of the plasmasphere and magnetosphere.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Washington The Final Proc. of the Solar Power Satellite Program Rev.; p 113-115
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    Emerging SPS Concepts (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Four technologies were evaluated to determine their effect on Satellite Power System concepts. Two of these technologies, solid-state power amplifiers and magnetrons, are replacements for the Klystrons used for dc to RF conversion on the satellite. A third technology, laser power transmission, transmits the energy at laser frequencies rather than microwave frequencies. The fourth technology, multibandgap solar cells, has the promise of significantly increased solar to dc conversion efficienty as compared to the reference-concept silicon and gallium arsenide solar cells. The design characteristics of concepts resulting from application of these technologies are summarized.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Washington The Final Proc. of the Solar Power Satellite Program Rev.; p 95-98
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  • 97
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    An overview on European SPS activities (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The organization of space and energy research in Europe is discussed. The European situation is highlighted with emphasis on the dependency of energy imports and on the energy requirements of Europe. The status of SPS research in the countries that form the European Space Agency was reviewed. It is concluded that in view of the unfavorable geographical and climatic situation of large parts of Europe, terrestrial solar energy conversion is unlikely to make a significant contribution to Europe's future energy supply. Thus, SPS development is of special interest to the European community.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Washington The Final Proc. of the Solar Power Satellite Program Rev.; p 78-87
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  • 98
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    Electromagnetic compatibility overview (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: An assessment of the electromagnetic compatibility impact of the Satellite Power System is discussed. The discussion is divided into two parts: determination of the emission expected from SPS including their spatial and spectral distributions, and evaluation of the impact of such emissions on electromagnetic systems including considerations of means for mitigating effects.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Washington The Final Proc. of the Solar Power Satellite Program Rev.; p 120-121
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  • 99
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    SPS technical issues (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The technical issues which would either seriously impact or potentially negate the integrity of a solar power satellite program are enumerated. Issues are identified not only relating to the question of engineering feasibility, but also to the equally important areas of environmental and social acceptability and, especially, economic viability. Specific information required for resolution of the issues was developed and a planned overall approach for resolution was identified. Results of these analyses show that 60% of the technical issues can be resolved with analysis only; 10% require only ground testing for resolution; and the remaining 30% require space experiments or demonstrations for resolution. The results also show that 85% resolution of the issues may be accomplished prior to development of a protoype.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Washington The Final Proc. of the Solar Power Satellite Program Rev.; p 107-108
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  • 100
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    Blanket technology workshop report (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The solar array blanket, defined as a substrate covered with interconnected and glassed solar cells, but excluding the necessary support structure, deployment, and orientation devices is considered. The interactions between the blanket and the structure that is used to package, deploy, support and, if necessary restow it, are addressed along with systems constraints such as spacecraft configuration, size, and payload requirements. The influence on blanket design is emphasized. The three main mission classes considered are low Earth orbital (LEO), intermediate, or LEO to GEO transfer, and geosynchronous (GEO). Although interplanetary missions could be considered to be a separate class, their requirements, primarily power per unit mass, are generally close enough to geosynchronous missions to allow this mission class to be included within the third type. Examination of the critical elements of each class coupled with considerations of the shuttle capabilities is used to define the type of blanket technology most likely required to support missions that will be flown starting in 1990.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol.; p 401-403
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