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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (6.923)
  • Physics  (5.199)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (4.209)
  • 1980-1984  (8.027)
  • 1975-1979  (8.296)
  • 1940-1944  (8)
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  • 1
    Unbekannt
    Amsterdam ; New York : North-Holland Pub. Co
    Schlagwort(e): DDC 530.1 ; LC QC20 ; Mathematical physics ; Physics ; Quantum theory ; Relativity (Physics)
    ISBN: 9780444875853
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1981-03-13
    Beschreibung: Great advances have been made in fundamental scientific research in recent years. The new knowledge gathered, in addition to deepening our understanding of the physical universe, contributes a range of abilities and opportunities to society that would not otherwise be available. Much research that may be called applied because it addresses needs of society is quite fundamental in character, and support of such research at the National Science Foundation is to be handled in tandem by the research directorates. Other areas that require a refocusing of support are engineering science and education, at all levels, in science and engineering. Increasing our strength in these areas is essential to achieve our national economic, social, and political goals. Steps are being taken by the National Science Foundation to make its structure better able to deal with engineering and applied research and to provide greater mutual reinforcement between applied and basic research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slaughter, J B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 13;211(4487):1131-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Cell Biology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Forecasting ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; *Government Agencies ; Molecular Biology ; Neurochemistry ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-14
    Beschreibung: The test capabilities of the Stability Wind Tunnel of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University are described, and calibrations for curved and rolling flow techniques are given. Oscillatory snaking tests to determine pure yawing derivatives are considered. Representative aerodynamic data obtained for a current fighter configuration using the curved and rolling flow techniques are presented. The application of dynamic derivatives obtained in such tests to the analysis of airplane motions in general, and to high angle of attack flight conditions in particular, is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AGARD Dyn. Stability Parameters; 13 p
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  • 4
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: Prandtl's theory is used to determine the airflow over bodies and wings adapted to supersonic flight. By making use of these results, and by incorporating in them an allowance for the probable skin friction, some estimates of expected lift-drag ratios are made for various flight speeds with the best configuration. At each speed a slender body and wings having the best angle of sweepback are considered. For the range of supersonic speeds shown an airplane of normal density and loading would be required to operate at an altitude of the order of 60,000 feet. The limiting value of 1-1/2 times the speed of sound corresponds to a flight speed of 1000 miles per hour. At this speed about 1.5 miles per gallon of fuel are expected. It is interesting to note that this value corresponds to a value of more than 15 miles per gallon when the weight is reduced to correspond to that of an ordinary automobile.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 499-514
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  • 5
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: In theory, the most efficient wing shape for transonic and low supersonic speeds is simply a long narrow straight subsonic wing turned at an oblique angle to the flight direction. This theory has been verified by tests at Mach numbers from .6 to 1.4 in supersonic wind tunnel and by comparative studies of transonic transport designs.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 867-883
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  • 6
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: Recent theoretical and experimental work in supersonic aerodynamics is reviewed with its practical application in mind. Several arrangements of supporting surfaces and bodies are discussed and in some cases comparisons of theory and experiment are made. Finally, certain phenomena connected with lift and drag in a rarefied medium are considered briefly.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 625-644
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: A method is reported for determining mathematically the combined disturbance field, and in certain cases the minimum drag, of wings at supersonic speeds. The simplest analytic example is provided by the wing of elliptic planform, which achieves its minimum drag when the lift is distributed uniformly over the surface. With a symmetrical distribution of thickness, the requirement of minimum drag for a given total volume is found to lead to profiles of constant curvature.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 567-578
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  • 8
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: The assumptions of the thin airfoil theory are found to provide certain necessary conditions for the minimum drag of airfoils having a given total lift, a given maximum thickness, or a given volume. The conditions are applicable to steady or unsteady motions and to subsonic or supersonic speeds without restriction on the planform. The computation of drag and the statement of the conditions for minimum drag depend on the consideration of a combined flow field, which is obtained by superimposing the disturbance velocities in forward and reversed motions. If the planform of the airfoil and its total lift are given, it is found that, for minimum drag, the lift must be distributed in such a way that the downwash in the combined field is constant over the entire planform. If the planform is given and the thickness of the airfoil is required to contain a specified volume, then the thickness must be distributed over the planform in such a way that the pressure gradient of the combined field in the direction of flight is constant at all points of the wing.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 557-565
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: The application of mathematical advances made in electricity and other branches to problems of airplane dynamics is demonstrated. The Heaviside-Bromwich methods of solution of linear differential equations are described and it is shown how these methods avoid the consideration of boundary conditions and of particular or complementary integrals. It is pointed out that if the solution of the differential equation is obtained for the case of a unit disturbance, the effect of varying disturbances may be found therefrom by Carson's theorem. A graphical solution of Carson's integral for irregular disturbances is given. The procedure of obtaining unit solutions of the equations is then taken up and the analogy between Heaviside's symbolic series solution and a physical procedure of approximation is shown. It is suggested that a fictitious impulsive disturbance be used in the treatment of initial motions.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 21-29
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  • 10
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: In linearized flow theory, certain very interesting extremal properties of wings can be derived under rather broad conditions without the use of a complicated mathematical apparatus. The present chapter reviews certain results of this theory and indicates some rather obvious extensions to incorporate various auxiliary conditions. Several examples illustrating the relation between the geometrical features of the wing and the lift distribution for minimum drag are given.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Res. Center Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 645-656
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  • 11
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: The items discussed are: (1) a recently proposed correction formula for the effect of compressibility in two dimensional subsonic flow; (2) the equivalence rule and the area rule for transonic speeds; (3) reciprocal relations in linearized wing theory; and (4) some general results connected with the problem of minimum wave resistance. The paper concludes with an example showing indentation of the fuselage to obtain favorable interference with the wing at supersonic speeds.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 601-608
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  • 12
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: In the wing section theory the magnitude of the circulation, and hence of the lift, is determined by the velocity that would be induced near the trailing edge of the section in a non-lifting potential flow. In three dimensional flow the problem is complicated by the presence of the wake and no simple basic solution has been found. Treatment of the problem of a wing of finite span is reported on the basis of the two dimensional theory, corrected for the effect of the wake.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 245-249
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  • 13
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: In theory, antisymmetric arrangements of wings and bodies can have smaller wave drag than corresponding mirror-symmetric arrangements. Thus, a long narrow oblique wing which presents the same aspect for two opposite directions of flight is potentially more efficient than corresponding (i.e., structurally equivalent) swept wing. The single continuous wing panel also adapts itself more readily to varying angles of obliquity, and hence, to varying flight speeds. Previous work on the aerodynamics and flight stability of oblique wing combinations is reviewed and a possible mode of application to transport aircraft operating at moderate supersonic speeds is suggested.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 657-664
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  • 14
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: It is shown that the drag of any semi-infinite airfoil section in purely subsonic inviscid flow follows precisely the Prandtl-Glauert compressibility rule. The result for the parabola has application to leading edge corrections in thin airfoil theory.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 619-623
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  • 15
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: Comparisons of wing-body combinations may not disclose the full effect of a loss in aerodynamic efficiency. If the thrust needs to be increased at a given altitude then more or larger engines will have to be used and the possibility of concealing them becomes less. In this process the lift drag ratio of the complete airplane may become still more unfavorable than indicated by the comparison. Primarily aerodynamic and structural considerations point toward the development of turbojet engines specifically adapted to operation in an atmosphere of one tenth normal density. In addition to the numerous other technological problems associated with operation at these high altitudes, the problems of safe descent and effective limitation to low speeds at low altitudes seem important.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 579-592
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  • 16
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: If the thin airfoil theory is applied to an airfoil having a rounded leading edge, a certain error will arise in the determination of the pressure distribution around the nose. It is shown that the evaluation of the drag of such a blunt nosed airfoil by the thin airfoil theory requires the addition of a leading edge force, analogous to the leading edge thrust of the lifting airfoil. The method of calculation is illustrated by application to: (1) The Joukowski airfoil in subsonic flow; and (2) the thin elliptic cone in supersonic flow. A general formula for the edge force is provided which is applicable to a variety of wing forms.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 533-538
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  • 17
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: Some of the recent advances in the theory of thin airfoils are presented with particular reference to extensions of the theory to three dimensional flows and to supersonic speeds. The problem discussed herein is the calculation of the small disturbance velocities u, v, and w in the external field produced by the flight velocity V of the airfoil.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 483-497
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  • 18
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-07
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA Lewis Research Center Inlet Workshop; p 427-480
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  • 19
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-11-16
    Beschreibung: Background information and exercises are provided to: (1) establish or expand understanding of the concepts, methods, and terminology of computer processing of image producing data; (2) develop insight into the advantages of computer based image processing compared with the photointerpretation approach for processing, classifying, interpreting, and applying remote sensing data; (3) foster a broad perspective on the principal of the main techniques for image enhancement, pattern recognition, and thematic classification; (4) appreciate the pros and cons of batch and interactive modes of image analysis; (5) examine and evaluate some specific computer generated products for subscenes in Pennsylvania and New Jersey; and (6) interrelate these particular examples of output with more theoretical explanations of computer processing strategies and procedures.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: The LANDSAT Tutorial Workbook; p 145-232
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  • 20
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Supercritical Wing Technol.: A Report on Flight Evaluation; p 111-120
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  • 21
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-06
    Beschreibung: Isolated knobs that are erosional remnants of central volcanoes or of folded rocks occur in several areas of the Altiplano are visible on both optical and images. The optically visible streaks occur in the immediate lee of the knobs, whereas the radar visible streaks occur in the zone downwind between the knobs. Aerial reconnaissance and field studies showed that the optically visible streaks consist of a series of small ( 100 m wide) barchan and barchanoid dunes, intradune sand sheets, and sand hummocks (large shrub coppice dunes) up to 15 m across and 5 m high. On LANDSAT images these features are poorly resolved but combine to form a bright streak. On the radar image, this area also appears brighter than the zone of the radar dark streak; evidently, the dunes and hummocks serve as radar reflectors. The radar dark streak consists of a relatively flat, smooth sand sheet which lacks organized aerolian bedforms, other than occasional ripples. Wind velocity profiles show a greater U value in the optically bright streak zone than in the radar dark streak.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geology Program, 1983; p 271-272
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  • 22
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-06
    Beschreibung: The diversity of proposed origins for large Martian outflow channels results from the differing interpretations given to the landforms associated with the outflow channels. In an attempt to help limit the possible mechanisms of channel erosion, detailed studies of three of the channel features were done; the streamlined islands, longitudinal grooves and scour marks. This examination involved a comparison of the martian streamlined islands with various streamlined landforms on Earth including those found in the Channel Scabland in large rivers, glacial drumlins, and desert yardangs. The comparisons included statistical analyses of the landform lengths versus widths and positions of maximum width, and an examination of the degree of shape agreement with the geometric lemniscate which was in turn demonstrated to correspond closely with true airfoil shapes. The analyses showed that the shapes of the martian islands correspond closely to the streamlined islands in rivers and the Channel Scabland land. Drumlins show a much smaller correlation. Erosional rock islands formed by glaciers are very much different in shape.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Programs; p 200-202
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  • 23
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-22
    Beschreibung: An experimental study of slotted upper and lower walls in a two dimensional transonic wind tunnel with solid sidewalls is reported. Results are presented for several slot spacings and slot openness ratios. The experimental data were pressure measurements which were made on an airfoil model and on a sidewall near one of the slotted walls. The slotted-wall boundary condition coefficient, which related the pressure and streamline curvature near the wall, was determined from the wall pressure measurements. The measured wall-induced interference was correlated with the experimental values for the boundary condition coefficient. This correlation was compared with theory.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Advanced Technol. Airfoil Res., Vol. 1, Pt. 2; p 459-471
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  • 24
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: A KC-135A aircraft equipped with wing tip winglets was flight tested to demonstrate and validate the potential performance gain of the winglet concept as predicted from analytical and wind tunnel data. Flight data were obtained at cruise conditions for Mach numbers of 0.70, 0.75, and 0.80 at a nominal altitude of 36,000 ft. and winglet configurations of 15 deg cant/-4 deg incidence, 0 deg cant/-4 deg incidence, and baseline. For the Mach numbers tested the data show that the addition of winglets did not affect the lifting characteristics of the wing. However, both winglet configurations showed a drag reduction over the baseline configuration, with the best winglet configuration being the 15 deg cant/-4 deg incidence configuration. This drag reduction due to winglets also increased with increasing lift coefficient. It was also shown that a small difference exists between the 15 deg cant/-4 deg incidence flight and wind tunnel predicted data. This difference was attributed to the pillowing of the winglet skins in flight which would decrease the winglet performance.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: KC-135 Winglet Program Rev.; p 103-116
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  • 25
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: A joint NASA/USAF program was conducted to accomplish the following objectives: (1) evaluate the benefits that could be achieved from the application of winglets to KC-135 aircraft; and (2) determine the ability of wind tunnel tests and analytical analysis to predict winglet characteristics. The program included wind-tunnel development of a test winglet configuration; analytical predictions of the changes to the aircraft resulting from the application of the test winglet; and finally, flight tests of the developed configuration. Pressure distribution, loads, stability and control, buffet, fuel mileage, and flutter data were obtained to fulfill the objectives of the program.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: KC-135 Winglet Program Rev.; p 1-46
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  • 26
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: A full-scale winglet flight test on a KC-135 airplane with an upper winglet was conducted. Data were taken at Mach numbers from 0.70 to 0.82 at altitudes from 34,000 feet to 39,000 feet at stabilized flight conditions for wing/winglet configurations of basic wing tip, 15/-4 deg, 15/-2 deg, and 0/-4 deg winglet cant/incidence. An analysis of selected pressure distribution and data showed that with the basic wing tip, the flight and wind tunnel wing pressure distribution data showed good agreement. With winglets installed, the effects on the wing pressure distribution were mainly near the tip. Also, the flight and wind tunnel winglet pressure distributions had some significant differences primarily due to the oilcanning in flight. However, in general, the agreement was good. For the winglet cant and incidence configuration presented, the incidence had the largest effect on the winglet pressure distributions. The incremental flight wing deflection data showed that the semispan wind tunnel model did a reasonable job of simulating the aeroelastic effects at the wing tip. The flight loads data showed good agreement with predictions at the design point and also substantiated the predicted structural penalty (load increase) of the 15 deg cant/-2 deg incidence winglet configuration.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: KC-135 Winglet Program Rev.; p 47-102
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  • 27
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: A joint NASA/U.S. industry program to test advanced technology airfoils in the Langley 0.3-meter Transonic Tunnel (TCT) was formulated under the Langley ACEE Project Office. The objectives include providing U.S. industry an opportunity to compare their most advanced airfoils to the latest NASA designs by means of high Reynolds number tests in the same facility. At the same time, industry would again experience in the design and construction of cryogenic test techniques. The status and details of the test program are presented. Typical aerodynamic results obtained, to date, are presented at chord Reynolds number up to 45 x 10(6) and are compared to results from other facilities and theory. Details of a joint agreement between NASA and the Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsantalt fur Luft- and Raumfahrt e.V. (DFVLR) for tests of two airfoils are also included. Results of these tests will be made available as soon as practical.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Advan. Aerodyn.: Selected NASA Res.; p 37-53
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  • 28
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-16
    Beschreibung: Images characteristics of geographic regions other than the northeastern part of the United States are presented for interpretation. Pre- and post-eruption imagery of Mt. St. Helens volcano serves to demonstrate the advantages of thermal infrared sensing, and the potential for developing a timely, decision oriented thematic map to be used in solving drought-related problems in Upper Volta is examined to show the applicability of satellite remote sensing in all geographic areas.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: The LANDSAT Tutorial Workbook; p 455-475
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  • 29
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-12
    Beschreibung: The 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens in southeast Washington resulted in a pronounced effect on the surface and ground water resources of the state. In response to the volcanic activity, the U.S. Geological Survey intensified statewide surface and ground water sampling programs to determine the nature and magnitude of the volcanic-induced variations. Streams to the east of Mount St. Helens received the major ash fallout. Chemical effects were best noted in smaller streams sampled 60 to 70 miles northeast of Mount St. Helens. The chemical variations observed were pronounced but short lived. Sulfate and chloride increases in anionic composition were prevalent immediately following the eruption; however, the original bicarbonate predominance was again attained within several days. Suspended iron and aluminum concentrations were similarly elevated during the period of greatest ash deposition (highest turbidity); however, the dissolved concentrations remained relatively constant. Depressions of pH were minor and short lived. Streams draining to the south, tributaries to the Columbia river, showed little observable changes in water chemistry. Streams draining to the west (Toutle river and its tributaries) were compositionally affected by the various volcanic activities. Chloride and sulfate anion percentage exceeded the bicarbonate percentage up to one month following the eruption period. Streams and lakes sampled in the immediate vicinity of Mount St. Helens, in addition to trace metals, contained organic compounds derived from decomposing wood buried in the debris deposits. This organic material may constitute a significant source of organic compounds to surface and ground water for some time to come.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Atmospheric Effects and Potential Climatic Impact of the 1980 Eruptions of Mt. St. Helens; p 43-46
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  • 30
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-16
    Beschreibung: The benefits-to-cost ratio of satellite remote sensing, both as a substitute for conventional methods of monitoring and assessing resources, and as a supplement to these methods is examined using a model which analyzes the cost of aerial photography versus satellite scanner for producing and interpreting an image of the Earth's surface sized to LANDSAT dimensions. Examples of cost savings are tabulated for ground surveys, aerial photos, and LANDSAT. Possible additional benefits from LANDSAT D are assessed. The way in which satellites fit into more comprehensive models for resources management is discussed. It is shown that remote sensing is but one essential component in a complex system that aggregates technical. Socioeconomics, political, cultural, and other factors in the human decision process.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: The LANDSAT Tutorial Workbook; p 389-407
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  • 31
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-16
    Beschreibung: Computer processing facilitates extraction of information from every pixel by executing a variety of functional operations, called processed algorithms, in general or specialized routines. The best results are obtained when data from more than one multispectral band are used together. Multivariate tatistical analysis, computer tape characteristics, processing modes, and a choice of systems (batch or interactive) are discussed. The major operations in computer processing elaborated include: preprocessing, enhancement, effects of rationing, and classification. Techniques for multisource data correlation are considered with emphasis on geobased systems.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: The LANDSAT Tutorial Workbook; p 421-453
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  • 32
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-16
    Beschreibung: Learning objectives include: (1) developing an understanding of the implications of the term "near surface observations"; (2) associating the appearance of large ground features as seen in satellite imagery with their appearance as seen from the ground; (3) grasping criteria and procedures for selecting training sites on the ground for use in supervised classification; (4) running through an example of training site selection; (5) becoming familiar with several methods of accuracy assessment; (6) becoming aware of the approach and value of making supporting measurements of the spectral and physical properties of materials on the ground and from aircraft; (7) taking note of the different types of instruments used in making specific ground measurements; and (8) appreciating the rationale underlying laboratory and field studies on or near the Earth's surface for the purpose of developing new sensor systems.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: The LANDSAT Tutorial Workbook; p 233-276
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  • 33
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-16
    Beschreibung: Learning objectives include: (1) developing a facility for applying conventional techniques of photointerpretation to small scale (satellite) imager; (2) promoting the ability to locate, identify, and interpret small natural and man made surface features in a LANDSAT image; (3) using supporting imagery, such as aerial and space photography, to conduct specific applications analyses; (4) learning to apply change detection techniques to recognize and explain transient and temporal events in individual or seasonal imagery; (5) producing photointerpretation maps that define major surface units, themes, or classes; (6) classifying or analyzing a scene for specific discipline applications in geology, agriculture, forestry, hyrology, coastal wetlands, and environmental pollution; and (7) evaluating both advantages and shortcomings in relying on the photointerpretive approach (rather than computer based analytical approach) for extracting information from LANDSAT data.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: The LANDSAT Tutorial Workbook; p 101-143
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  • 34
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-16
    Beschreibung: Activities are provided for: (1) developing insight into the way in which the LANDSAT MSS produces multispectral data; (2) promoting understanding of what a "pixel" means in a LANDSAT image and the implications of the term "mixed pixel"; (3) explaining the concept of spectral signatures; (4) deriving a simple signature for a class or feature by analysis: of the four band images; (5) understanding the production of false color composites; (6) appreciating the use of color additive techniques; (7) preparing Diazo images; and (8) making quick visual identifications of major land cover types by their characteristic gray tones or colors in LANDSAT images.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: The LANDSAT Tutorial Workbook; p 81-99
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  • 35
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-16
    Beschreibung: Learning objectives of the activities provided include: (1) reading the annotation of a LANDSAT image; (2) becoming acquainted with the characteristics of 1:1,000,000 scale transparencies and prints of MSS images; (3) noting the general information visible in LANDSAT photo products; (4) observing changes of appearance of any ground feature or class in the black and white images made from the four MSS bands and the characteristic color of each class in color composites; (5) determining the degree to which a LANDSAT image meets map accuracy standards and can be fitted to map projections; (6) assessing the effects of LANDSAT enlargements and scale changes and of the limitations of satellite resolution relative to aerial photos; (7) observing the influence of time of acquisition (season) on a scene; (8) getting a feel for image quality as dependent on processing and photoreproduction; (9) appreciating the characteristics of the RBV and thermal band imagery obtained from LANDSAT-3; and (10) becoming familiar with certain attributes of adjacent LANDSAT images which permit them to be joined in mosaics and to be viewed in stereo.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: The LANDSAT Tutorial Workbook; p 39-80
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  • 36
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-16
    Beschreibung: The primary LANDSAT mission and the system requirements are summarized and pertinent parameters of the spacecraft, its orbit, and payload are tabulated. The history acquisition to entry into the archives for storage and product generation and dissemination is recounted. The LANDSAT D data handling plan is discussed showing requirements for both the MSS CCT and the thematic mapper CCT.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: The LANDSAT Tutorial Workbook; p 409-419
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  • 37
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-16
    Beschreibung: The term remote sensing is defined as well as ideas such as class, pattern, feature, pattern recognition, feature extraction, and theme. The electromagnetic spectrum is examined especially those wavelength regions available to remote sensing. Relevant energy and wave propagation laws are discussed and the characteristics of emitted and reflected radiation and their detection are investigated. The identification of classes by their spectral signatures, the multispectral approach, and the principal types of sensors and platforms used in remote sensing are also considered.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: The LANDSAT Tutorial Workbook; p 9-38
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  • 38
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-04
    Beschreibung: Operation of the microwave instrument as a two frequency scatterometer, a synthetic aperture radar, and a passive microwave radiometer is planned. Operation of the instrument in each of its three modes is discussed and the antenna system described.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Spacelab Mission 1 Expt. Descriptions; 3 p
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  • 39
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-22
    Beschreibung: Finite difference procedures were successfully used to solve the steady transonic flow about airfoils and appear to provide a practical means for calculating the corresponding unsteady flow. The purpose of the paper is to describe a finite difference procedure derived from the equations for the potential flow by assuming small perturbations and harmonic motion. The velocity potential is divided into steady and unsteady parts, and the resulting unsteady equation is linearized on the basis of small amplitudes of oscillation. The steady velocity potential, which must be calculated first, is described by the classical nonlinear transonic differential equation.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Res. Center Advanced Technol. Airfoil Res., Vol. 1, Pt. 2; p 657-670
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  • 40
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-22
    Beschreibung: An in-flight wing wake section drag investigation was conducted using traversing pitot and static probes. The primary objective was to develop measurement techniques and improve the accuracy of in-flight wing profile drag measurements for low values of dynamic pressure and Reynolds number. Data were obtained on a sailplane for speeds from about 40 knots to 125 knots at chord Reynolds numbers between 1,000,000 and 3,000,000. Tests were conducted with zero flap deflection, deflected flaps, and various degrees of surface roughness, and for smooth and rough atmospheric conditions. Several techniques were used to increase data reliability and to minimize certain bias errors. A discussion of the effects of a total pressure probe in a pressure gradient, and the effects of discrete turbulence levels, on the data presented and other experimental results is also included.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Res. Center Advanced Technol. Airfoil Res., Vol. 1, Pt. 2; p 601-621
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  • 41
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-22
    Beschreibung: A method for calculating the transonic flow over steady and oscillating airfoils was developed by Isogai. It solves the full potential equation with a semi-implicit, time-marching, finite difference technique. Steady flow solutions are obtained from time asymptotic solutions for a steady airfoil. Corresponding oscillatory solutions are obtained by initiating an oscillation and marching in time for several cycles until a converged periodic solution is achieved. In this paper the method is described in general terms, and results are compared with experimental data for both steady flow and for oscillations at several values of reduced frequency. Good agreement for static pressures is shown for subcritical speeds, with increasing deviation as Mach number is increased into the supercritical speed range. Fair agreement with experiment was obtained at high reduced frequencies with larger deviations at low reduced frequencies.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Advanced Technol. Airfoil Res., Vol. 1, Pt. 2; p 689-700
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  • 42
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-22
    Beschreibung: The uses of laser Doppler velocimeter, hot wire, and surface hot film techniques in the study of turbulent flows are described, and data obtained in compressible flows are discussed. Applications are illustrated with measurements of wind tunnel freestream turbulence characteristics and with data obtained in transitional, turbulent, and separated shear flows. A new method which was developed for the study of time dependent and unsteady turbulent flows is also presented.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Res. Center Advanced Technol. Airfoil Res., Vol. 1, Pt. 2; p 571-588
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  • 43
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Dynamic model verification is the process whereby an analytical model of a dynamic system is compared with experimental data, adjusted if necessary to bring it into agreement with the data, and then qualified for future use in predicting system response in a different dynamic environment. These are various ways to conduct model verification. The approach taken here employs Bayesian statistical parameter estimation. Unlike curve fitting, whose objective is to minimize the difference between some analytical function and a given quantity of test data (or curve), Bayesian estimation attempts also to minimize the difference between the parameter values of that funciton (the model) and their initial estimates, in a least squares sense. The objectives of dynamic model verification, therefore, are to produce a model which: (1) is in agreement with test data; (2) will assist in the interpretation of test data; (3) can be used to help verify a design; (4) will reliably predict performance; and (5) in the case of space structures, will facilitate dynamic control.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Recent Experiences in Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization, Part 2; 15 p
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  • 44
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Multidisciplinary analysis often requires optimization of nonlinear systems that are subject to constraints. Trajectory optimization is one example of this situation. The Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories (POST) was used successfully for a number of problems. The purpose is to describe POST and a new optimization approach that has been incorporated into it. Typical uses of POST will also be illustrated. The projected-gradient approach to optimization is the preferred option in POST and is discussed. A new approach to optimization, the random-walk approach, is described, and results with the random-walk approach are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Recent Experiences in Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization, Part 2; 23 p
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  • 45
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The purpose is not to provide a detailed discussion of several wall interference experiments, but rather to use these experiments (recently accomplished in the Boeing Transonic Wind Tunnel (BTWT) to illustrate the problems associated with many of the measurements required by current wall interference assessment/correction (WIAC) procedures. The wall correction to lift is emphasized. It is shown that, because conventional tunnels and relatively small models continue to be used, the flow field or flow boundary measurements to be made impose severe requirements on the experiment itself. In some cases, existing instrumentation and test techniques may not be adequate to obtain the data accuracies needed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 21-42
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  • 46
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Based upon limited, initial observations of wall interference corrections obtained for one airfoil test, there is a need for assessing the upstream flow direction. If there is no direct measurement then a two-pass correction procedure similar to the one described here is required. Questions have arisen pertaining to the correct interpretation of the pressure coefficients measured on the slats of a slotted tunnel wall, the interpretation of just what the calculated equivalent body encompasses or should include, and what can or should be considered as quantitative criteria for data correctability. Further studies using this modified procedure will address these questions. Hopefully, a meaningful WIAC procedure can be validated for the airfoil tests in the 0.3-m TCT.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 393-414
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  • 47
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: A series of airfoils were tested in the Langley 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (TCT) at Reynolds numbers from 2 to 50 million. The 0.3-m TCT is equipped with Barnwell slots designed to minimize blockage due to the tunnel flow and ceiling. This design suggests that sidewall corrections for blockage is needed, and that a lifting airfoil produces a change in angle of attack. Sidewall correction methods were developed for subsonic and subsonic-transonic flow. Comparisons of theory with experimental data obtained in the 0.3-m TCT for two airfoils, the British NPL 9510 and the German R-4 are presented. The NPL 9510 was tested as part of the NASA/United Kingdom Joint Aeronautical Program and R-4 was tested as part f the DFVLR/NASA Advanced Airfoil Research Program. For the NPL 9510 airfoil, only those test points that one would anticipate being difficult to predict theoretically are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 375-392
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  • 48
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Representation of the flow around full-scale ships was sought in the subsonic wind tunnels in order to a Hain Reynolds numbers as high as possible. As part of the quest to attain the largest possible Reynolds number, large models with high blockage are used which result in significant wall interference effects. Some experiences with such a high blockage model tested in the NASA Ames 12-foot pressure wind tunnel are summarized. The main results of the experiment relating to wind tunnel wall interference effects are also presented.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 345-360
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  • 49
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The various procedures referred to as wall interference assessment and correction procedures presume the existence of a surface distribution of data (usually static pressure) measured over a surface on or near the tunnel walls for each test point to be assessed. An alternative approach in which a reasonably sophisticated computer model of the test section flow would be fitted parametrically to a sparse set of measured data is presented. The measurements provides line distributions of static pressure near the center lines of the top, side and bottom walls. The development of a test section model incorporating explicit recognition of discrete slots of finite length with controlled flow reentry into the solid wall downstream portion of the tunnel is shown.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center. Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 323-334
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  • 50
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The physical principles of flight, and the consideration of atmospheric composition and aerodynamic forces in the design and construction of various types of aircraft are discussed. Flight characteristics are described for helicopters, rotary-wing aircraft, short and vertical takeoff aircraft, and tailess or variable geometry wing aircraft. Flow characteristics at various speeds are also discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Soviet Aircraft and Rockets (NASA-TT-F-770); p 24-80
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  • 51
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: In a period of escalating development costs for new aircraft, there is growing interest in a renewed and coordinated icing research effort to achieve an updating or modernization of each aspect of the technological issues that are involved. This includes the data base, analysis methods, test techniques, and test facilities.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Aircraft Icing; p 1-16
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  • 52
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: With the launch of LANDSAT-1 in July 1972, and the follow-on launch of LANDSAT-2 in January of this year, routine availability of satellite imagery and electronic data of the earth's resources has become a reality. Federal data centers provide LANDSAT data to resource managers and the general public. These data centers have to date provided almost 500,000 frames of LANDSAT data at a cost of more than $2,000,000. Data from the LANDSAT satellite program, along with data and information from the Skylab manned program, are available over any location to anyone for the cost of reproduction.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 372-378
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  • 53
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Aerial photographs of the entire state were used to develop information on geomorphic regions, land ownership, forest cover, soils, geology, land classification and land capability. LANDSAT imagery was included to update many photomaps for land use classification and urban development planning.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 340-350
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  • 54
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Joint Federal/State remote data sensing centers are advocated to help survey Alaska for land use planning by aerial photography and LANDSAT imagery. The centers are to provide satellite derived information in land use planning and offshore oil developments.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 315-318
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  • 55
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The experience of the Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Regional Council of Governments in its development of a regional land use inventory from computer processing of LANDSAT 1 digital tapes and the use of those data in the OKI water quality planning program are discussed. A major part of the planning program is the prediction of water quality in rivers and lakes resulting from existing and future land uses. A model has been developed that can predict the flow of sediment, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and organic wastes into major streams. An essential input to this model is an accurate map of land use derived from LANDSAT 1 digital tapes.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 356-358
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  • 56
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Registration of remotely sensed data to geodetic coordinates provides for overlay analysis of land use data. For aerial photographs of a large area, differences in scales, dates, and film types are reconciled, and multispectral scanner data are machine registered at the time of acquisition.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 319-325
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  • 57
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Aerial and fixed platform oil spill detection systems primarily utilize remote sensors for data acquisition and pollution monitoring purposes. In addition to aerial photography and infrared reflectance sensors, a laser backscatter sensor and an ultraviolet fluorescence sensor are considered for application in pollution surveillance systems.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 271-279
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  • 58
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: It is shown that remotely sensed data, whether in digital or imagery form, provide objective, systematic measurements of coastal zone characteristics when compared with traditional measurement techniques. An example is given for Alabama shoreline parameters using LANDSAT 1 composite mapping.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 224-231
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  • 59
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Satellite gathered remote sensor data were used to update a basic environmental atlas of southern Louisiana to reflect recent dynamic geological changes, such as erosion by wave action along the coast and active delta building in the lower part of the Mississippi Basin. Standard pattern recognition programs were utilized to update LANDSAT pictures for three categories (generalized land use, ecological zones and vegetation) to obtain a simulated color photomap for LANDSAT frames for further rectification by a table lookup program.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 217-223
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  • 60
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The primary objectives of the earth observations and photography experiment of the Apollo Soyuz Test Project were to photograph various terrestrial structures and to use the capabilities of man as a trained observer in visually studying earth features and phenomena. Man's special capabilities include the sensitivity of the eye to subtle color variations and the speed with which the eye/brain system can interpret what is seen and select targets for photography. Real time astronaut observations constitute a useful complement to orbital photographs and greatly aid in their interpretation. Targets for mapping and hand held photography were selected on the basis of their value to specialists in the earth sciences including geology, oceanography, desert study, hydrology, meteorology, and environmental science.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo-Soyuz Test Project; 64 p
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  • 61
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The problem of aircraft icing is reported as well as the type of aircraft affected, the pilots involved, and an identification of the areas where reduction in icing accidents are readily accomplished.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Icing; p 21-27
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  • 62
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: A statewide computerized land use mapping system is reported that uses polygons to identify inventories from aerial photography by employing the USGS classification system. In addition, the system provides soil, population, and housing census data as well as economic indicators that can be useful in relating to the overall system.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 326-339
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  • 63
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Orthophotoquads prepared from high altitude photography and LANDSAT imagery were utilized for land use mapping and urban development planning. LANDSAT imagery of rough terrains were evaluated by photographic projection on a viewer screen for enlargement of details.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 300-314
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  • 64
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Remote panchromatic imagery was applied to develop a coastal zone management atlas that provides for land cover or vegetation surveys as well as land use stereographic mapping for regional planning purposes.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 173-175
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  • 65
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: A computer derived land use classification scheme for infrared LANDSAT imagery was developed and applied to update existing Mississippi coastline data. Inventory classifications were accomplished by photographic enlargement and photointerpretations showing color coded resources on the ground.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 282-290
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  • 66
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Land use maps were developed from photomaps obtained by remote sensing in order to develop a comprehensive state plan for the protection, development, and zoning of coastal regions. Only photographic remote sensors have been used in support of the coastal council's planning/management methodology. Standard photointerpretation and cartographic application procedures for map compilation were used in preparing base maps.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 232-241
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  • 67
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: During the oceanic period from July to November, the southward flowing California current dominates the nearshore current patterns. Commencing about the middle of November and extending to mid-February, the Davidson current, a northward moving countercurrent, is the dominant inshore transporter of water and suspensates. The phenomenon of upwelling is prevalent during the period from the middle of February to the end of July. Thus, every year along the coast of California, there are three successive current seasons: the oceanic, the Davidson, and the upwelling. This paper is a discussion of the nature of these nearshore currents. In addition, the capabilities of various remote sensing platforms and systems for providing methods of monitoring the coastal processes associated with the current seasons of California are demonstrated herein.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 195-216
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  • 68
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Digital data from the infrared LANDSAT imagery were used to classify eutrophication levels of lakes in an effort to observe the effect of thermal discharges from power stations. LANDSAT data were also applied to identify and monitor wetlands, for soil surveys, sedimentation transport, and in general to assist in land use planning and resources management.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 291-296
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  • 69
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Digital processing of multispectral LANDSAT data was used to develop a computerized model for predicting oil slick movement within the Delaware Bay. LANDSAT imagery was also used to monitor offshore waste disposal sites for mapping of wetlands, and charting of tidal currents.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 188-194
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  • 70
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Remote sensing techniques provide important information for land and water use planning organizations in order to assess coastal developments and their impact on water resources, sediment transport, erosion, and marine biology. Political expediency requires pertinent data acquisition and data dissemination to local populations for coastal zone management decision making.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 176-187
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  • 71
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The operational feasibility of using remote sensing to provide all weather ice formation for Great Lakes winter navigation is explored. A combination airborne pulsed radar system to measure actual ice thickness, a satellite data link system, and a hand drawn interpretive ice chart proved valuable for extending winter navigation through the icepack.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 261-270
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  • 72
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Different types of satellite and conventional remote sensing data are used to monitor urban growth and the pattern of development. Software programs were developed for a growth allocation model that uses LANDSAT information as the basic component.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 351-355
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  • 73
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The earth resources remote sensing activity of Texas and its applications are reported. A combination of digital, photographic, and traditional methods is being used to manage the water impoundments inventory, a land use survey, a wildlife habitat survey, and a coastal zone survey.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 297-299
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  • 74
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Jet Propulsion Laboratory Deep Space Station (DSS) location solutions based on two JPL planetary ephemerides, DE 84 and DE 96, at eight planetary encounters were used to obtain weighted least squares estimates of precession and polar motion errors. The solution for precession error in right ascension yields a value of 0.3 X 10 to the minus 5 power plus or minus 0.8 X 10 to the minus 6 power deg/year. This maps to a right ascension error of 1.3 X 10 to the minus 5 power plus or minus 0.4 X 10 to the minus 5 power deg at the first Voyager 1979 Jupiter encounter if the current JPL DSS location set is used. Solutions for precession and polar motion using station locations based on DE 84 agree well with the solution using station locations referenced to DE 96. The precession solution removes the apparent drift in station longitude and spin axis distance estimates, while the encounter polar motion solutions consistently decrease the scatter in station spin axis distance estimates.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: The Deep Space Network; p 29-49
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  • 75
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Results are presented for tests made of the full scale model of the airplane in the NACA full scale tunnel. These tests were planned so as to cover as completely as possible the lateral flying quality requirements for pursuit-type airplanes contracted for by the United States Army Air Forces.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Charles J. Donlan; 23 p
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  • 76
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The ice capabilities of rotary wing aircraft are examined. Recommendations are given to improve the inadequacies of the weather forecasts pertaining to ice, and to adopt a low maintenance anti-ice system.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Icing; p 29-30
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  • 77
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Helicopter ice protection design criteria was developed and technological shortcoming in meeting helicopter mission requirements is that of helicopter rotor blade ice protection. Airframe components are protected using existing technology while the rotor blade protected using the cyclic electrothermal deicing concept.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Icing; p 39-65
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  • 78
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: An overview of the present situation in the field of aircraft icing with respect to certification and operation of nontransport category airplanes is given. Problems of definition and inconsistencies are pointed out. Problems in the forecasting and measurement of icing intensities are discussed. The present regulatory environment is examined with respect to its applicability and appropriateness to nontransport airplanes.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Icing; p 31-38
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  • 79
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Three areas of interest are commented on: cloud physics, nowcasting, and instrumentation. A comparison is made of what was done 30 years ago to what might be done in light of developments in related areas of cloud physics, weather modification and instrumentation.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Icing; p 17-19
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  • 80
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Information is provided on how a potential user of remote sensing technology can gain access to all of the products and services he will need to get started. It was envisioned that these include data, training, hardware, and software. A very brief tutorial summary of the fundamentals of the technology is presented.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 367-370
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  • 81
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The current land use map for the city of Los Angeles was developed by the guesstimation process and provides single stage information for each level in the critical geographical hierarchy for land use planning management. Processing and incorporation of LANDSAT data in the land use information system requires special funding; however, computergraphic maps are able to provide a viable information system for city planning and management.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 359-365
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  • 82
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: The application of computer techniques for solving Navier-Stokes equations in support of wind tunnel tests is discussed. The ILLIAC IV computer is considered for this purpose and its limitations are analyzed. The author states that improved computers will make it possible to solve many aerodynamic problems and reduce the amount of wind tunnel testing required for adequate data processing.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA/Univ. Conf. on Aeron.; p 211-212
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  • 83
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: Research within NASA relating to the nature of lift-induced vortex wakes behind large aircraft and the means whereby the hazard they represent to smaller aircraft can be alleviated is reviewed. The research, carried out in ground based facilities and in flight shows that more rapid dispersion of the wake can be effected by several means and that the modification of span-loading by appropriate flap deflection holds promise of early practical application.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA/Univ. Conf. on Aeron.; p 143-168
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  • 84
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-06
    Beschreibung: In order to understand better the polygenetic evolution of landforms on the martian surface, field studies were conducted in and around the Kharga Depression, Egypt. The Kharga region, on the eastern edge of Egypt's Western Desert, was subject to erosion under mostly hyperarid climatic conditions, punctuated by brief pluvial episodes of lesser aridity, since early Pleistocene time. The region contains numerous landforms analogous to features on the martian surface: yardangs carved in layered surficial deposits and in bedrock, invasive dune trains, wind-modified channels and interfluves, and depressions bounded by steep scarps. Like many of the topographic depresions on Mars, the Kharga Depression was invaded by crescentic dunes. In Egypt, stratigraphic relations between dunes, yardangs, mass-wasting debris, and wind-eroded flash-flood deposits record shifts in the relative effectiveness of wind, water, and mass-wasting processes as a function of climate change.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geology Program, 1983; p 225-227
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  • 85
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Wall interference is made predominant in tunnel models and by wall geometries to facilitate the study of slot flow. The viscous effects in slots are studied by two dimensional measurements of flow. Wall interference is assessed by measuring pressure distributions at two levels near the walls. Interference on lifting delta wings is calculated. Pressure distributions at inner boundaries show basis axisymetries between the pressure side and the suction side, pointing to the necessity of having wider slots on the pressure side.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 293-300
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  • 86
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Classical methods for calculation of wall corrections which are not satisfactory for a number of flows of interest are discussed. To meet these objections, a number of methods were developed which use measurements of the low at or close to the tunnel walls as an outer boundary condition to define wall interference. The development, assessment and application of one such method is summarized.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 259-271
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  • 87
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Measured field data as a boundary condition for calculating the interference flow field were applied. They are divided into two categories. In the first category, the field data must consist of distributions of a single velocity component, and an accurate estimate of the hypothetical free air contribution of the model to this component is required. The differences between measured values and estimated model contributions are attributed to wall interference and they establish the boundary condition. The associated field data measurements are simple, yet the necessary model representation generally is a serious drawback. The second category requires field data which consist of velocity vector distributions at the price of multicomponent measurements, but at the profit that no information at all is required about the model. In solid wall test sections, the price is reduced to virtually zero but the profit remains.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 221-229
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  • 88
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: A limited-zone ventilated wall panel was developed for a closed-wall icing tunnel which permitted correct simulation of transonic flow over model rotor airfoil sections with and without ice accretions. Candidate porous panels were tested in the Ohio State University 6- x 12-inch transonic airfoil tunnel and result in essentially interference-free flow, as evidenced by pressure distributions over a NACA 0012 airfoil for Mach numbers up to 0.75. Application to the NRC 12- x 12-inch icing tunnel showed a similar result, which allowed proper transonic flow simulation in that tunnel over its full speed range.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 165-170
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  • 89
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The free-stream interference caused by the flow through the slotted walls of the test sections of transonic wind tunnels has continuously a problem in transonic tunnel testing. The adaptive-wall transonic tunnel is designed to actively control the near-wall boundary conditions by sucking or blowing through the wall. In order to make the adaptive-wall concept work, parameters for computational boundary conditions must be known. These parameters must be measured with sufficient accuracy to allow numerical convergence of the flow field computations and must be measured in an inviscid region away from the model that is placed inside the wind tunnel. The near-wall flow field was mapped in detail using a five-port cone probe that was traversed in a plane transverse to the free-stream flow. The initial experiments were made using a single slot and recent measurements used multiple slots, all with the tunnel empty. The projection of the flow field velocity vectors on the transverse plane revealed the presence of a vortex-like flow with vorticity in the free stream. The current research involves the measurement of the flow field above a multislotted system with segmented plenums behind it, in which the flow is controlled through several plenums simultaneously. This system would be used to control a three-dimensional flow field.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 119-142
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  • 90
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: A three-dimensional adaptive-wall wind tunnel experiment was conducted at Ames Research Center. This experiment demonstrated the effects of wall interference on the upwash distribution on an imaginary surface surrounding a lifting wing. This presentation demonstrates how the interference assessment procedure used in the adaptive-wall experiments to determine the wall adjustments can be used to separately assess lift- and blockage-induced wall interference in a passive-wall wind tunnel. The effects of lift interference on the upwash distribution and on the model lift coefficient are interpreted by a simple horseshoe vortex analysis.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 89-100
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  • 91
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: A wall interference correction method for closed rectangular test sections was developed which uses measured wall pressures. Measurements with circular discs for blockage and a rectangular wing as a lift generator in a square closed test section validate this method. These measurements are intended to be a basis of comparison for measurements in the same tunnel using ventilated (in these case, slotted) walls. Using the vortex lattice method and homogeneous boundary conditions, calculations were performed which show sufficiently high pressure levels at the walls for correction purposes in test sections with porous walls. In Gottingen, an adaptive test section (which is a deformable rubber tube of 800 mm diameter) was built and a computer program was developed which is able to find the necessary wall adaptation for interference-free measurements in a single step. To check the program prior to the first run, the vortex lattice method was used to calculate wall pressure distributions in the nonadapted test section as input data for the one-step method. Comparison of the pressure distribution in the adapted test section with free-flight data shows nearly perfect agreement. An extension of the computer program can be made to evaluate the remaining interference corrections.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 61-78
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  • 92
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The following areas were addressed: interchangeable test sections in the 0.3-M Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (TCT); typical airfoil installation; airfoil capability; advanced technology airfoil test (ATAT); effects of the Reynolds number on the normal force coefficient; effects of the Reynolds number on the drag coefficient; and comparison of experimental results with theory.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 361-374
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  • 93
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: A formula for the determination of equivalent model geometry with two variables measured at the interface is derived, based on two dimensional subsonic flow. This predicted model profile is a reasonable initial estimate for transonic flow as long as the sonic region does not reach the interface. A general formula is given in two forms. One is in terms of complex variable functions and the other is an integral equation. The complex-function formula has the advantage of using analytic expressions. The integral equation form requires a numerical solution after assuming the model geometry as a polynomial function. Examples are given to illustrate the application of the formulas.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 335-342
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  • 94
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: LANDSAT data acquired over an agricultural area along with ground enumeration of the same area are used to obtain crop acreage estimates which are better (as measured in terms of bias and variance) than can be obtained from either data source alone. Two basic approaches considered within the AgRISTARS program are a stratified crop acreage estimator and a regression estimator. A statement of the problem was mathematically formulated and some theorems were proved which relate to the variance of the two estimators. For a particular set of data, the regression and stratified estimators are compared in terms of certain easily computed parameters.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Houston Univ. The 1981 NASA ASEE Summer Fac. Fellowship Program, Vol. 2; 17 p
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  • 95
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The two body problem was analyzed with a specific drag model. The model treats drag as a force proportional to the vector velocity and inversely proportional to the distance to the center of attraction. The solution is expressed in terms of known functions and is of a simple and compact form. The time of flight is expressed as a quadrature in the true anomaly. The results are: (1) development of a vector differential equation which allows analysis of an infinite number of gravitational and drag models; and (2) obtaining the solution of a linear differential equation using the inverse method of laplace transforms.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Houston Univ. The 1981 NASA ASEE Summer Fac. Fellowship Program, Vol. 2; 22 p
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  • 96
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-06
    Beschreibung: Sand bars and islands within braided rivers have characteristic rhomboid or diamond shapes, often becoming very complex in form as the density of islands increases. Similar forms are observed in the martian outflow channels where the islands occur in groups. This contrasts with the more isolated martian islands which have airfoil shapes, as do isolated streamlined islands in rivers and in the Channeled Scabland. These observations indicate that the bar and island forms are controlled by the density of the islands, with increasing island interaction and flow modification as the density increases. As a continuation of previous flume experiments on the shapes of isolated islands, a new series of experiments investigate the modifications produced by a progressive increase in island density, finally leading to a true braided system.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Programs; p 198-199
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  • 97
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Wall interference correction procedures seek to determine the required changes in certain flow or geometric parameters so that the difference between the flow properties at the model's surface in the tunnel and free air are minimized. A transonic and a linear correction procedure were developed for aircraft models. In addition to Mach number and angle of attack corrections, an estimate of the accuracy of the corrections is provided by the transonic correction procedure. Lift, pitching moment and pressure measurements near the tunnel walls are required. The efficiency and accuracy of the correction procedure are improved. Moreover, correction of both the wing and tail angles of attack is allowed. The procedure is valid for transonic as well as subcritical flows. However, for subcritical flows further approximations and simplifying assumptions are made, leading to a very simple and efficient correction procedure.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center. Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 301-322
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  • 98
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: A facet of a unified tunnel correction scheme which uses wall pressures to determine tunnel induced blockage and upwash is described. With this method, there is usually no need to use data concerning model forces or power settings to find the interference; it follows directly from the pressures and tunnel dimensions. However, highly inclined jets do not produce good pressure signatures and are highly three dimensional, so they must be treated differently. Flow modeling is also discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center. Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 273-290
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  • 99
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Wall corrections as a function of wall porosity in the transonic wall interference problem was assessed. Effective porosities primarily for the two dimensional case were established as follows: (1) comparison of experimental data for two geometrically similar models of different chord/height ratio, an overall value of wall porosity could be deduced; (2) theoretical development which allows for unequal porosity for the floor and ceiling and wall boundary pressure measurements, porosities for floor and ceiling could be deduced; (3) a scheme was developed which allowed unequal porosity of floor and ceiling and streamwise varying porosity. The boundary layer development along the perforated floor and ceiling under the influence of the model pressure field, variations in boundary layer thickness underlining the difficulties in deducing meaningful values of wall porosity were determined. Wall boundary pressure measurement, in combination with singularity modelling of the airfoil, was sufficient to yield required information on the wall interference flow without having to establish some value for wall porosity. The singularity modelling of the airfoil initially covered only lift and volume but was extended to include drag and pitching moment, and second order volume term. It is shown by asymptotic transonic small disturbance analysis, that the derived corrections to angle of attack and free stream Mach number are correct to the first order.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 231-257
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  • 100
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The effort to develop classical methods to compute wall interference at transonic speeds is outlined. The two-dimensional theory and three-dimensional development are discussed. Also, some numerical application of the two-dimensional work are indicated. The basic advantages of the asymptotic theory are noted.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 193-203
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