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  • Chemistry  (12,882)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (1,105)
  • 1950-1954  (9,876)
  • 1945-1949  (4,111)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 40-40 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 17-19 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 19-20 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 28-29 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 5
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 72-74 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 30-37 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. I 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 87-92 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Theory of Chemical Polarisation during Solution, Separation and Overstressing of MetalsIt was shown that the appearance of surface layers is an essential factor in the chemical polarisation which occurs during the solution, separation, overstressing, inhibitory action, polishing and passivity of metals. The surface layers exercise a restraining effect on the adjustment of the equilibrium of association. These layers are to be found on practically all metals and even in solutions which are capable of dissolving the material of which the layers are composed. They are created by a slowing down in the speed of the diffusion of the ions necessary for the dissolving of the metal in relation to the more rapid formation of layers on the surface of the metal. Such surface layers differ from the usual macromolecular surface layers, such as oxides or scale, rust, salts, etc., in their solubility. Their formation continues at a very high reproductive rate, even though the top layers are removed, and they form an indication of the behaviour of the metal in solutions after it has been subjected to suitable preliminary treatment. In contra-distinction to the irreversible macro-molecular surface layers, the afore-mentioned layers can be regarded as being reversible micro-molecular coverings.
    Notes: Es wird gezeigt, daß das Auftreten von Deckschichten ein wesentlicher Faktor bei der chemischen Polarisation, bei der Auflösung oder Abscheidung von Metallen, bei der Überspannung, Inhibitorwirkung, Glanzwirkung und Passivität ist. Die Deckschichten bewirken eine Hemmung der Gleichgewichtseinstellung. Sie sind auf praktisch allen Metallen und selbst in solchen Lösungen vorhanden, die an sich befähigt wären, die Deckschichtsubstanz aufzulösen. Sie entstehen durch eine geringere Geschwindigkeit des Diffusionsvorgangs, der für die Metallauflösung erforderlichen Ionen im Vergleich zur schnelleren Deckschichtenbildung unmittelbar auf der Metalloberfläche. Derartige Deckschichten unterscheiden sich wesentlich von den bekannten makromolekularen Deckschichten wie Oxyd- oder Zunderschichten, Rost, Salzschichten usw. durch ihre verschiedene Löslichkeit. Sie bilden sich selbst nach ihrer Entfernung immer wieder und zwar sehr gut reproduzierbar nach und sind ein Kennzeichen für das Metall hinsichtlich seines Verhaltens bei einer bestimmten Vorbehandlung in einer bestimmten Lösung. Sie können im Gegensatz zu den irreversiblen makromolekularen Deckschichten als reversible, mikromolekulare Bedeckungen angesehen werden.
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  • 9
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 67-72 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 10
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 114-114 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 11
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 121-123 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Dissolution of Various Metals when in Contact with Rotating Platinum ElectrodesThe influence of the cathode surface on the rate of corrosion was investigated in a unit furnished with a rotating Platinum electrode and stationary anodes of various metals, such as Lead, Zinc, Iron, etc.In the case of Platinum there is an almost linear relationship between surfaces up to 10m2, for surfaces of 10m2 to 20m2 and the current potential during a constant period f time. When extended, the lines cut at points i=O, p=O, or at i=O, p〉O in various electrolytes.These results indicate a definite distribution of the cathodic and anodic spots. The addition of H2O2 causes the electrolyte to revert to its former corrosive chemical state.
    Notes: In einem Element mit einer rotierenden Platin-Kathode und verschiedenen Metallen, wie Zn, Pb und Fe als stationäre Anode, wurde der Einfluß der Kathodenoberfläche auf die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit dieser Metalle untersucht. Für Pt besteht für Oberflächen bis zu 10 mm2 bzw. für solche von 10 bis 20 mm2 und der Stromstärke des Elementes für eine konstante Versuchszeit eine nahezu lineare Abhängigkeit. Die Verlängerungen dieser linearen Strecken schneiden sich entweder bei i=O, p=O oder bei i=O, p 〉 O in verschiedenen Elektrolyten. Diese Ergebnisse sprechen für eine gewisse Verteilung der kathodischen und anodischen Stellen. durch Zusatz von H2O2 wird der Elektrolyt wieder in seinen früheren korrosionschemischen Zustand versetzt.
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  • 13
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 137-138 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Cerium-Cerium Alloys and Cerro alloysThe article opens with a brief historical survey of the production of cerium and cerium alloys, particular attention being paid to the manufacture of gas mantles and flints for lighters. A 99,92-99,93% pure metal is obtained by electrolysis or by the treatment of Cerium Cloride or Cerium Fluoride with Sodium or Lithium. Cerium plays an important part in the production and working of spheroidal cast iron, as a protective agent and as a catalyst. It si of particular value in various smelting processes, since it has a pronounced deoxydizing effect. The second part of the article is devoted tot he various cerium alloys, several of which are noteworthy for their very low melting point (47,2°C).
    Notes: Zunächst wird ein kurzer geschichtlicher Überblick über die Herstellung von Cer und Cerlegierungen gegeben, wobei besonders die Gasglühlichtindustrie und die Fabrikation von Zündmetall für Feuerzeuge berücksichtigt wird. Durch Schmelzflußelektrolyse oder durch Umsetzung von Cerchlorid bzw. Cerfluorid mit Natrium oder Lithium wird ein Metall in 99,92-99,93%iger Reinheit erzeugt. Cer spielt u. a. bei der Herstellung und Verarbeitung von Sphäroid-Gußeisen, zum Schutz von Werkstücken, also Katalysator, eine beachtliche Rolle. Für die Schmelztechnik ist es von besonderem Wert, da es sehr stark desoxydierend wirkt. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit ist den verschiedenen Cerrolegierungen gewidmet, von denen sich einige durch einen sehr niedrigen Schmelzpunkt (47,2°C) auszeichnen.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 139-140 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Protective Lead Coating by PaintThe number of metallic pigments capable of being used as a rust preventative is small. Ultra-finely pulverised lead has proved to be far superior to all other metals. However, the addition of a binder in all respects suitable to the pigment is an absolute necessity when lead is used. Chlorinated rubber has been proved to be of particular value in this respect. The use of “Plumbol” paint also applies a coating of lead on the surface of iron, one coat of which has the same protective value as three or four coats of oil-bound paints. Weathering tests have also substantiated the protective value of lead coating paints as compared with the usual oil-bound paints. A maximum of protection is obtained against the action of certain chemical agents (soda lye, potash lye, sulphurous acid, sulphuric acid, acetic acid and other cold dilute acids), but no protection against the effect of nitrose (a solution of nitrosyl sulphuric acid in sulphuric acid, formed in the lead-chamber process) fumes and nitric acid results. Generally speaking, a coating of „Plumbol“ paint affords the same protection as a coating of metallic lead the same thickness.
    Notes: Die Zahl der verwendungsfähigen metallischen Pigmente in Rostschutzfarben ist gering. Feinstgepulvertes Blei zeigt sich allen übrigen Metallen überlegen. Erforderlich ist bei Bleiverwendung ein dem Pigment vollkommen angepaßter Bindemittelzusatz. Chlorkautschuk hat sich hier besonders bewährt. Man erzielt durch den „Plumbol“-Pinselaufstrich gleichsam eine „Verbleiung„ des Eisens. Im Effekt ist ein einmaliger Aufstrich einer 3-4 - fachen Ölfarbauflage ebenbürtig.  -  Bewitterungsversuche zeigen vergleichsweise die wesentlich bessere Schutzwirkung der „Pinselverbleiung“ gegenüber den üblichen Ölanstrichen. Der Schutz erweist sich gegen chemische Agentien (Natronlauge, Kalilauge, schweflige Säure, Schwefelsäure, Essigsäure und andere verdünnte kalte Säure, Schwefelsäure, Essigsäure und andere verdünnte kalte Säure, Essigsäure und andere verdünnte kalte Säuren) als äußerst widerstandsfähig. Nicht jedoch gegen nitrose Gase und Salpetersäure.  -  eine „Plumbol“- Anstrich-Folie bietet im im allgemeinen den gleichen Schutz wie eine Schicht von metallischem Blei gleicher Dicke.
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  • 15
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 16
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 223-224 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 17
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 230-233 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 18
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 235-236 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 19
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 212-216 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Factors in the Porosity and Gas Diffusion of Iron-Ill-Oxides and Iron-Ill-Mixed OxidesThe first part of the article is devoted to a demonstration, by means of emanations of radio-active noble gases, that the entry of gas atoms from the ambient atmosphere into iron and iron-III-oxides is possible. Unless the oxide layers are heated, this diffusion takes place through atom sized pores. This diffusion is lessened when the lattice structure changes to the clear-cut Alpha Fe2O3 lattice, and can, therefore, be prevented by heating the oxide. Another form of diffusion is possible at temperatures above about 570°C. The mean amplitude of the oscillations of the lattice of the iron-III oxide then attains a value at which foreign atoms, such as emanations of the noble gases or atmospheric oxygen, can “dissolve” and diffuse in the spaces between the lattices. Tests made with samples of metallic iron showed a form of diffusion of a magnitude that only occurs when a temperature of about 800°C is attained.The influence of temperature and humidity on the structure, and, hence, on the porosity of pure iron-III-oxide was then examined. The ingredients of alloys, such as additions of aluminium and silicon, also have a definite influence thereon. It was shown that the diffusion of emanations in iron-aluminium oxides is influenced by the amount of aluminium present, in a manner similar to its influence on the resistance to corrosion or the formation of scale. Relations, of a very complex nature, between the diffusion of atmospheric emanations and the behaviour when subject to corrosive action were also obtained for the ironsilicon system.
    Notes: In einem ersten Teil wurde mit Hilfe des radioaktiven Edelgases Emanation nachgewiesen, daß beim Eisen und bei Eisen-III-Oxyden das Eindringen von Gasatomen aus der umgebenden Atmosphäre möglich ist. Diese Fremddiffusion erfolgt in den Oxydschichten, sofern diese nicht vorher erhitzt wurden, durch Poren atomarer Größe. Sie nimmt mit dem Übergang in das saubere Alpha-Fe2—O3-Gitter ab und kann deshalb durch Erhitzen des Oxydes beseitigt werden. Etwa ab 570°C wird eine andere Art der Diffusion möglich. Die mittlere Amplitude der Gitterschwingung des Eisen-III-Oxyds wird dann so groß, daß sich nun Fremdatome, wie das Edelgas Emanation oder auch Luft-Sauerstoff im Zwischengitterraum gleichsam „lösen“ und diffundieren können. Versuche an metallischen Eisenproben zeigten, daß dort eine entsprechend starke Fremddiffusion erst bei etwa 800°C erreicht wird.Es wurde nun untersucht, welchen Einfluß Temperatur und Feuchtigkeit auf die Struktur reiner Eisen-III-Oxyde und damit auf die Porosität und Fremddiffusion haben. Wesentlichen Einfluß haben aber auch Legierungsbestandteile wie z. B. Zusätze von Aluminium oder Silizium. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß die Diffusion von Emanation in Eisen-Aluminium-Oxyden in ähnlicher Weise von der Menge des zugesetzten Aluminiums beeinflußt wird wie die Korrosion bzw. die Zunderfestigkeit. Auch für das System-Eisen-Silizium ergaben sich Beziehungen, allerdings sehr verwickelter Art, zwischen der Diffusion von Luft-Emanation und dem Verhalten bei der Korrosion.
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  • 20
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 201-208 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Titration of Polyvalent Acids and BasesGenerally applicable formulae for the titration of polyvalent acids and bases are laid down. The pH values for the end points of acids or bases can be obtained from these formulae without further consideration of permissable errors, etc., being necessary. The only pre-requisite is that the Constants of Dissociation of the compounds are known. Alternatively, the Constant of Dissociation can be determined from the titration curve. This applies particularly to the Constants of Dissociation at higher gradations when the Constant is already known for lower gradations.It was further demonstrated that it is not necessary that the acid or base to be titrated be converted to a definite, known compound, but that it is possible to discontinue titration at any pH value. The determination of the „Factor of Equivalence“ for such a case was laid down.The theoretical explanation of the fact that these “Factors of Equivalence” are whole number when titrating to a definite known compound is given.
    Notes: Für die Titration mehrwertiger Basen und Säuren werden allgemein gültige Formeln abgeleitet. Aus ihnen kann entnommen werden, bei welchen pH-Zahlen die Äquivalenzpunkte der Säuren, bzw. Basen liegen, ohne daß weitere Überlegungen über erlaubte Vernachlässigungen und dgl. notwendig sind. Die einzige Voraussetzung ist, daß die Dissoziationskonstanten der Verbindungen bekannt sind. Umgekehrt können aus der Titrationskurve die Dissoziationskonstanten abgeleitet werden. Dieses gilt insbesondere für die Dissoziationskonstanten höherer Stufe, falls die Konstanten niederer Stufe bekannt sind.Es wird gezeigt, daß man die zu titrierende Säure oder Base nicht in eine definierte Verbindung überzuführen braucht, daß man vielmehr die Titration bei irgendeiner pH-Zahl abbrechen kann. Die Berechnung der „Äquivalenzfaktoren“ für einen solchen Fall wird abgeleitet.Für die Ganzzahligkeit dieser „Äquivalenzfaktoren“ beim Titrieren bis zu einer definierten Verbindung wird die theoretische Deutung gegeben.
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  • 21
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 178-182 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 22
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 182-184 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 23
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 224-230 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 24
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 197-197 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 25
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 441-451 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Protection of Steel Constructional Work from CorrosionDependence of the formation of rust on climate, presence of electrolytes and the type of steel used  -  Mill scale diminishes the life of protective coatings and should therefore be removed  -  Chipping and other manual methods of scale removal are usually insufficient and should not be used on new constructional work  -  Sand blasting with coarse sand leaves points on the surface of the metal which facilitate the formation of rust, hence, only relatively fine sand should be used for this purpose  -  Flame descaling with a primer applied to the warm surface is advantageous  -  Removal or conversion of rust by chemical means has not proved successful in the case of steel constructional work  -  Wash primer and spray galvanizing  -  Effect of moisture and the chemical action of the ambient atmosphere on the application of protective coatings  -  Importance of the thickness of the film of the coating  -  Summary of the more important binders for use with anti-corrosive paints (oil binders, linseed varnish, hot linseed oil, wood oil)  -  Action and effect of pigments  -  Red lead and lead  -  cyanamide primary colours  -  Alkyd resin paints and oil-alkyd paints  -  Chlorinated rubber paints, chlorinated rubber-oil combinations and chlorinated rubber-alkyd combinations  -  Bituminous anti-corrosive paints on primers of asphalt, bituminous and coal tar pitch  -  Tar pitch emulsions - Suggestions for the choice of suitable anti-corrosive paints.
    Notes: Abhängigkeit der Rostbildung vom Klima, der Anwesenheit von Elektrolyten und der Art des Eisens  -  Walzzunder verringert die Haltbarkeit von Schutzanstrichen und sollte entfernt werden  -  Handentrostung ist meist unzureichend und sollte bei Neukonstruktionen nicht angewandt werden.  -  Grobe Sandstrahlung hinterlässt Spitzen, welche Ansatz zur Rostbildung geben, deshalb relativ fein strahlen  -  Flammentrostung in Verbindung mit Grundanstrich auf noch warme Eisen ist vorteilhaft  -  Chemische Entrostung und Rostumwandlung bei Stahlbauten nicht bewährt  -  Washprimer und Spritzverzinkung  -  Wirkung der Feuchtigkeit und aggressiver Atmosphäre bei der Ausführung von Anstrichen  -  Bedeutung der Filmdicke  -  Schema der wichtigsten Bindemittel für Rostschutzfarben  -  Die Ölbindemittel, Leinöfirnis, Standöl, Holzöl  -  Art und Wirkung der Pigmente  -  Bleimennige und Bleicyanamidgrundfarben  -  Alkydharzfarben und Öl-Alkyd-Kombindationsfarben  -  Chlorkautschukfarben, Chlorkautschuk-Öl-Kombinationen und Chlorkautschuk-Alkyd-Kombinationen  -  Bituminöse Rostschutzfarben auf der Grundlage von Asphalt  -  Bitumen und Steinkohlenteerpech  -  Teerpech-Emulsionen  -  Vorschläge fü die Wahl der je nach Anwendungsgebiet geeigneten Rostschutzfarben.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 515-518 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 534-534 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954) 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 11-17 
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    Description / Table of Contents: On the Passivity of Thallium in Perchloric Acid, Sodium Chloride and Sodium Sulphide SolutionsWhilst only a single rapid drop in potential could be observed in the case of solutions of perchloric acid and sodium sulphate, two successive drops in current potential were observed with electrolytes containing chlorine ions. This proves that two different phases occur in passivity. The Muller-Machu Time Law of Covering Passivity was found to hold good for both drops in potential, which points to a mechanical passivity of Thallium caused by covering layers.Measurements of the current potential showed that the anodic behavior of Thallium is characterised by two values, Tl+ and Tl3+. It was found that, in all the electrolytes examined, the Thallium is the first to be converted to Tl+ in solution. This action is independent of current potential. This action may have a duration of only a few seconds (e.g., in the case of 0,48 n HClO4) or several minutes (as in the case of solutions containing chlorine ions). The duration of this action depends on the current potential and the particular electrolyte used. During the primary phase of the passivating action the passivating surface layer also consists of a Thallium-1-compound. The continued passage of current causes a transformation of the metal at the passive anode, which then once again dissolves to the accompaniment of an emission of Tl3+ -Ions. At this stage a second mechanical passivation by a covering layer of a Thallium-III-salt occurs. It therefore follows that all types of passivity only depend upon the formation of covering layers.
    Notes: Während in Perchlorsäurelösungen und Natriumsulfatlösungen nur ein einziger schneller Abfall der Stromstärke beobachtet werden konnte, wurden in den Chlorionen enthaltenden Elektrolyten zwei aufeinander folgende Stromstärkeabfälle festgestellt. Dies beweist, daß zwei verschiedene Stadien der Passivität auftreten. Das Zeitgesetz der Bedeckungspassivität von Müller-Machu wurde für beide Stromstärkeabfälle als streng gültig gefunden, was auf eine mechanische Passivität des Thalliums durch Deckschichten hinweist.Durch Potentialmessungen konnte gezeigt werden, daß das anodische Verhalten des Thalliums durch sein Auftreten in zwei Wertigkeitsstifen, nämlich Tl+ und Tl3+ gekennzeichnet ist. In allen untersuchten Elektrolyten geht das Thallium zunächst und unabhängig von der angewandten Stromdichte als Tl+ in Lösung. Dieser Vorgang kann, je nach der angewandten Stromdichte und dem benutzten Elektrolyten, nur einige Sekunden (z. B. in 0,48 n HClO4) oder bis mehrere Minuten (in Chlorionen enthaltenden Lösungen) dauern. Auch die passivierende Deckschicht besteht in der ersten Stufe des Passivierungsvorganges aus einer Thallium-I-Verbindung. Bei weiterem Stromdurchgang tritt an der passiven Anode eine Umwandlung des Metalles ein, wobei es nunmehr wieder unter Aussendung von Tl3+-Ionen in Lösung geht. In dieser Verbindungsform erfolgt dann eine zweite mechanische Passivierung durch eine Deckschicht, die aus einem Thallium-III-salz besteht.Es beruhen somit alle Arten von Passivität nur auf der Ausbildung von Deckschichten.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 38-38 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 38-38 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 41-43 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Progress in the Manufacture of Acidresistant StonewareOne of the distinguishing features of stoneware is its resistance to chemical action and its outstanding mechanical properties. These qualities permitted the development of stoneware to keep pace with that of the chemical industry.The article describes further progress in the field of acid-resistant stoneware. Particular emphasis is laid on the development of special mixtures having great powers of resistance to temperature changes, at the same time retaining their excellent heat-conducting properties. Improvements in the mechanical working of stoneware are also discussed.The mechanical working of stoneware by grinding, polishing and threading has been brought to the point where the accuracy and finish of the work is equivalent to that obtaining in metal working practice. A new field of application of stoneware was thereby opened. The production of air and dust locks for use in installation working with ultrafine abrasive dust particles is an example. Stoneware rollers having precision ground surfaces are used in various industries. Ground, polished and threaded stoneware components enable many improvements and simplifications to be made in the design of machinery and equipment for the chemical industry.
    Notes: Kennzeichnend für den Werkstoff Steinzeug sind seine Beständigkeit gegenüber chemischer Korrosion und seine ausgezeichneten mechanischen Eigenschaften. Beides waren die Voraussetzungen, um mit der Entwicklung der chemischen Großindustrie Schritt halten zu können.In der Abhandlung werden weitere Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet des säurefesten Steinzeug besprochen. Diese werden besonders deutlich durch Entwicklung von temperaturwechselbeständigen und wärmeleitfähigen Spezialmassen und durch Verbesserung der Nachbearbeitungsmethoden.Die mechanische Bearbeitung von Steinzeug durch Schleifen, Polieren und Gewindeschneiden wurde so weit entwickelt, daß eine Vergütung und Maßgenauigkeit möglich ist, wie in der Metallindustrie. Dadurch wurden dem Steinzeug neue Anwendungsmöglichkeiten erschlossen. Beispielsweise werden Staubschleusen zur Förderung von feinsten aggressiven Staubteilchen hergestellt. Steinzeugwalzen mit präzisem Schliff der Oberfläche finden in verschiedenen Industriezweigen Verwendung. Geschliffene, polierte und mit Gewinde versehene Steinzeugteile brachten Vereinfachungen und Verbesserungen im Steinzeugmaschinen- und Apparatebau.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 76-78 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954) 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 49-54 
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    Description / Table of Contents: The Anodic Behaviour of Aluminium and Al—Mg Alloys in Sulphuric Acid and Sodium Sulphate SolutionsAttempts were made to remove the film of oxide from aluminium and Al— Mg alloys, so that a pure aluminium surface could be obtained. Dilute sulphuric Acid and Sodium sulphate solutions of various concentrations were used as electrolytes. Only one cathodic polarisation had a slight effect on the loosening of the oxide film. However, a very rapid passivation always followed this activation (caused by the chemical action of the aqueous solutions). Hydrochloric acid and NaOH solutions in high concentrations did dissolve the oxide film, but did not permit of any anodic passivation in these solutions. It was possible to obtain activation in sulphuric acid containing chlorine ions, but, even in this solution passivation commenced as soon as the current was switched off. This passivation was caused by the chemical action of the electrolytes the porosity of the natural oxide film was reduced to 10-5 sq. cm./sq. cm. by activation, and a maximum value of 10-2 sq. cm./sq. cm. was obtained. As a result of the strong chemical affinity of aluminium, it is only possible to obtain a clean metallic surface for fractions of seconds.
    Notes: Es wurde versucht, den Oxydfilm von Aluminium und Al—Mg—Legierungen zu entferne, um reine Aluminiumoberflächen zu erhalten. Hierbei wurden verdünnte Schwefelsäure und Natriumsulfatlösungen verschiedener Konzentration als Elektrolyte benützt. Nur eine kathodische Polarisation hatte einen geringen, die natürliche Oxydschicht auflockernden aktivierenden Einfluß. Nach der Aktivierung trat jedoch immer wieder eine sehr schnelle Passivierung nur durch chemische Einwirkung der wäßrigen Lösung wieder ein. Salzsäuren und NaOH—Lösungen stärkerer Konzentration lösten wohl die Oxydschichten auf, gestatteten aber keine anodische Passivierung in diesen Lösungen. Eine Aktivierung konnte wohl in einer chlorionenhaltigen Schwefelsäure erzielt werden, aber auch in dieser Lösung trat augenblicklich nach Abschaltung des Stromes wieder Passivierung durch chemische Einwirkung des Elektrolyten ein. Die Porosität der natürlichen Oxydschicht wurde zu 10-4 bis 10-5 cm2/cm2 ermittelt, die maximal auf 10-2 cm2/cm2 durch Aktivierung gebracht werden konnte. Auf Grund der starken chemischen Affinität des Aluminiums ist die Erzielung einer freien, unbedeckten Metalloberfläche nur für Bruchteile von Sekunden möglich.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 79-80 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 98-104 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 92-94 
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    Description / Table of Contents: The Basic Causes of “Short” Fractures in MetalsThis article forms a report on various lectures delivered at a Meeting which was held to determine the present extent of knowledge of “short” fractures. The lectures were published in Nos. 415 (1953) of the “Raeder Rundschau”, and dealt exhaustively with the phenomena of “short” fractures of various metals in use in industry, as well as of welded and non-welded components. The lectures also included a survey of the causes of “short” fractures as far as present-day knowledge and the various theories on fractures permitted. In addition, various important questions regarding the various methods of testing metals for their liability to short fracture “are discussed”.
    Notes: Referat über Vorträge anläßlich einer Tagung über den heutigen Stand des Sprödbruchproblems.  -  Die in Heft 4/5 (1953) der „Radex-Rundschau“ veröffentlichten Vorträge behandelten das grundsätzliche Erscheinungsbild des spröden Bruches bei verschiedenen metallischen Werkstoffen, ungeschweißten und geschweißten Konstruktionsteilen und gaben eine Uebersicht über die Entstehung von spröden Brüchen, soweit sie nach unseren heutigen Kenntnissen und Anschauungen über den Aufbau der metallischen Werkstoffe und auf Grund der Bruchtheorien abgeleitet werden könne. Ferner wurde auch eingehend die technisch wichtige Frage der Prüfverfahren zur Feststellung der Sprödbruchempfindlichkeit eines Werkstoffes erörtert.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 114-117 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 118-118 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 118-120 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 184-192 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 196-196 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 197-197 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 94-98 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Passivation of light metals for paintingAluminum and magnesium alloys are forming natural oxide films, the strengthening of which is performed by several methods of chemical and electrolytic oxidation. Light metals are also protected by insoluble films of metal salts (phosphate films) in a similar manner as the iron metals. In recent years a new method was developed whereby metal organic protective films are produced by using so-called reaction primers (wash primers). All these protective films are functioning likewise as anticorrosive coatings and as adhesive substrates for paint and lacquer coatings.
    Notes: Aluminium- und Magnesium-Legierungen bilden an der Luft natürliche Oxydhäute, deren Verstärkung durch die verschiedenen Verfahren der chemischen und elektrolytischen Oxydation der Leichtmetalle angestrebt wird. Außer durch die unlöslichen Oxydschichten werden Leichtmetalle ebenso wie Eisenmetalle auh durch unlösliche Metallsalzschichten (Phosphatfilme etc.) geschützt. Auch die durch die sog. Reaktionsprimer oder Metallwandler erzeugten metallorganischen Deckschichten werden als antikorrosive Überzüge und Haftgründe für die nachfolgende Lackierung angewendet.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 110-114 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 117-117 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 251-257 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: The Roof and its problems, with Special Reference to Flat RoofsThe demands of Builders and Users that a roof is required to meet, have changed decisively during the last decades. The disappearance of garrets, the use of flat roofs and present-day sawtoothed roofs required that a number of additional precautions be observed, which are supplemented by recognition of thier constructional and utilisation limitations. Some of the most important demands of to-day, such as minimum constructional requirements, heat retention, limitations of roof characteristics, properties of materials and desirable developments are indicated. Special emphasis is laid on the various effects of dampness and their prevention. The importance of the structure of the roof and ventilation are also emphasised.
    Notes: Die baulichen und benutzungsmäßigen Anforderungen an das Dach haben sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten in entscheidenden Teilen gewandelt. Wegfall des Dachraumes, Flachdächer und neuzeitlich Sägedachformen (Sheds) bedingen eine Reihe zusätzlicher Vorkehrungen, die ergänzt werden durch neue Erkenntnisse über konstruktive und benutzungsmäßige Bedingtheiten. Einige der wichtigsten neuen Forderungen, wie Konstruktions-Mindestforderungen, Wärmedämmung, Wärmestau, Abgrenzung der Dacheigenschaften, Material-Eigenschaften und erwünschte Entwicklungen werden aufgezeigt. Besonderer Nachdruck wird auf die unterschiedlichen Formen der Feuchtigkeitseinwirkungen und ihrer Abwehr gelegt und die Bedeutung ausreichender Dachaufgliederung und Lüftung nachgewiesen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 267-269 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 269-269 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 274-276 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 277-277 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 277-277 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 155-157 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 196-196 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 198-200 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 217-222 
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    Description / Table of Contents: On the influence of Chlorine lons on the Mechanics of Dissolution of Nickel Anodes in Sulphate BathsThe anodic behaviour of nickel in solutions of nickel sulphate was investigated. Further investigations were made on the effect of the addition of ammonium chloride and nickel chloride to the solution. The best method for preparing the electrode for these experiments and the most effective method of removal of the surface oxides was found to be an anodic preliminary treatment in N—HCl at 0,3-0,4 Amp/sq.cm. At higher anodic current potentials an anodic polishing took place, whilst at lower potentials, the nickel only commenced to corrode, with insufficient removal of the surface layers. The addition of ammonium chloride or nickel chloride increased the porosity of the primary oxide layer present on the nickel, thereby improving the solubility of the nickel anodes.The porosities of the surface layers of the different electrolytes could be calculated form the Müller-Machu log i0 log tp curves and the influence of the chlorine ions quantitatively determined. In comparision with pure nickel sulphate and nickel chloride were found to behave differently, as was also the case when the behaviour of these mixtures was compared with that of pure nickel chloride, hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride respectively. The mixtures show a very high activating power, and, after anodic treatment, permit of the formation of very porous and instable surface layers.The formation of layers of oxide during anodic polishing was also demonstrated.
    Notes: Es wurde das anodische Verhalten von Nickel in Nickelsulfatlösungen mit und ohne Zusatz von Ammoniumchlorid und Nickelchlorid untersucht. Die beste Methode zur Vorbereitung der Versuchselektrode und die wirksamste Entfernung der Oberflächenoxyde besteht in einer anodischen Vorbehandlung in n-HCl bei 0,3-0,4 A/cm2. Bei höheren anodischen Stromdichten tritt anodisches Polieren, bei niedrigeren nur Anätzen des Nickels und ungenügende Oberflächenreinigung auf. Ein Zusatz von Ammonium- oder Nickelchlorid erhöht die Porosität der primär auf dem Nickel vorhandenen Deckschicht und verbessert dadurch die Löslichkeit der Nickelanoden.Aus den Müller-Machu'schen log i0/log tp- Kurven konnten die Porositäten der Deckschichten in den verschiedenen Elektrolyten berechnet und der Einfluß der Chlorionen quantitative bestimmt werden. Mischungen von Nickelsulfat und Nickel-chlorid verhalten sich im Vergleich zu Nickelsulfat oder Nickelchlorid, Salzsäure und Natriumchlorid allein verschiedenartig; sie zeigen ein sehr großes Akivierungsvermögen und gestatten bei der anodischen Behandlung nur die Ausbildung sehr poröser und unbeständiger Deckschichten.Weiter wurde das Auftreten von Oxydschichten beim anodischen Polieren bewiesen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 194-195 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 234-235 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 234-234 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 241-243 
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    Description / Table of Contents: On the Building-up of the Double Layer on Iron and Lead Electrodes in SoilsThe building-up of the double layer on Iron and Lead electrodes was followed by means of the Hickling method. The results obtained from the present series of experiments were in agreement with results obtained from previous experiments on the corrosion of Iron and Lead when buried in soils. This applied particularly to the type of corrosion obtained when the water content of the soil was below the saturation point. Only the first part of the Helmholtz double layer was formed on an Iron elctrode buried in a sandy soil of low water content. When the saturation point was exceeded, the building-up took place in exactly the same manner as in distilled water. A Lead elctrode buried in a clay soil was found to have a double layer similar to that obtained when the electode is immersed in electrolytes. In this case the capacity of the differents parts of the double layer is greater than that of the Helmholtz double layer.
    Notes: Der Aufbau der Doppelschicht an der Fe- und Pb-Elektrode wurde mit Hilfe der Hicklingschen Methode verfolgt. Im Einklang mit den Ergebnissen, die bei früheren Korrosionsversuchen mit Eisen und Blei im Erdreich erhalten wurden, ergab sich bei den Untersuchungen, die völlige übereinstimmung bezüglich der Entstehung der Korrosionstype, wenn sich der Boden hinsichtlich seines Wassergehaltes unter seiner Sättigungsgrenze befindet. Auf einer Fe-Elektrode bildet sich in sandhaltigem Boden bei niedrigen Wassergehalten nur der erste Teil der Helmholtz-Doppelschicht aus, nach Überschreiten der Sättigungsgrenze weist diese die gleiche Ausbildung auf wie in destilliertem Wasser. Eine Pb-Elektrode weist dagegen in tonhaltigem Boden eine Doppelschicht auf, die der ähnelt, die sich in einem Elektrolyt ausbildet. In diesem Fall ist die Kapazität des diffusen Teils der Doppelschicht größer als die der Helmholtz-Doppelschicht.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 264-266 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 269-269 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 277-277 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 279-280 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 361-362 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 395-398 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: The Corrosion of Metals and Metallic Coatings in Tropical and Sub-tropicalExtremely high temperatures and humidities can be encountered in a tropical climate, which naturally can be the cause of extensive corrosion. The great difference between maximum day temperature and minimum night temperatures are particularly dangerous in this respect, since they lead to corrosion as a result of sweating, due to condensation of water vapour. This can even occur under conditions which otherwise would not normally favour corrosion. Corrosion through sweating can also occur inside the package or container during transport and storage. The action is greatly accelerated by the presence of minute quantities of chlorides, mostly deposited by atomised sea water. A case under investigation proved that corrosive action is also accelerated in desert locations, far removed from the sea, by particles of sand containing salt, which are blown into the package or container by the action of wind. The article concludes with a summary of the behaviour of various metals and metallic coatings in tropical and sub-tropical climates.
    Notes: Im tropischen Klima können oft extrem hohe Temperaturen und Feuchtigkeitsgehalte auftreten, die naturgemäß zu besonders starken Korrosionen führen können. Besonders gefährlich sind die starken Temperaturschwankungen zwischen der Tageshöchsttemperatur und den niedrigsten Temperaturen bei Nacht, die durch Kondensation von Wasserdampf zu starken Schwitzkorrosionen selbst unter sonst nicht besonders stark aggressiven Bedingungen führen, Schwitzkorrosionen können bereits beim Transport innerhalb der Verpackung und bei Lagerung auftreten. Sie werden durch geringe Chloridmengen, meist aus zerstäubtem Seewasser stammend, stark beschleunigt. An einem näher untersuchten Beispiel wird gezeigt, daß der Angriff auch in den Wüstengegenden, weitab vom Meere, durch vom Winde aufgewirbelten salzhaltigen Sand erheblich beschleunigt werden kann. Abschließend wird eine Übersicht über das Verhalten verschiedener Metalle und Metallüberzüge im tropischen und subtropischen Klima gegeben.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 401-403 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 430-433 
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    Description / Table of Contents: The Initial Corrosion of Metals in Contact with Aqueous Solutions at Room TemperaturesThe writer differentiates between two types of initial corrosion, which are characterised either by a rapid, many thousand-fold increase over the initial value (incubation period), or by a very rapid drop in corrosion, which can only be determined by oscillographic (methods at the commencement). In both cases it is assumed that a local element is formed, which can also be proved by evidences of coating.
    Notes: Der Verfasser unterscheidet zwei Bereiche der Anfangskorrosion, die entweder durch ein sehr rasches Ansteigen bis auf das Tausendfache und mehr des Anfangswertes (Inkubationsperiode) oder durch ein sehr rasches (anfänglich nur oszillographisch erfaßbares) Absinken der Korrosion gekennzeichnet sind. In beiden Fällen wird eine Lokalelementbildung angenommen, wie auch an Überspannungserscheinungen festgestellt wird.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 454-454 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 323-330 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 295-301 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Action of Alkaline Solutions on Aluminium and Aluminium AlloysPure aluminium is so strongly active in 0,1-NaHO that it cannot even be passivated by anodic treatment. Its passivity in alkaline solutions weaker than 0,1-NaOH is very quickly destroyed when the solution contains NaCl. However, an alloy of Al-Mg containing more than 14% Mg can be passivated in strong NaOH. This passivity is also less sensitive to chlorides than that of pure aluminium.Pure aluminium and the Al-Mg alloys are permanently active in pure NaCl solutions, since the Aluminium Chloride is very soluble and, as a result of the Al(OH)3 formed by hydrolysis, is not directly on the surface of the metal, and therefore cannot cause any formation of covering layers.An addition of NaOH to the NaCl solution diminishes the action of the NaCl on pure aluminium. This is due to the formation of a covering layer. In the case of NaCO3 solutions the re-dissolving power of the solutions is so small that passivity is easily obtained. A quantative determination of the porosity of the layer of natural oxide on aluminium showed a pore area of 0,035 % of the total surface area. The higher the concentration of the alkali and the greater the sodium chloride content of the solutions, the more porous will be the covering layers formed s a result of the passivation.It is not possible to reduce by anodic treatment the amount of metal removed when aluminium is acted upon by alkaline solutions, since anodic treatment is no longer possible with the alkali concentration necessary to act on the metal.
    Notes: Reinstaluminium ist in stärkeren Laugen als 0,1-n-NaOH so stark aktiv, daß es auch bei einer anodischen Behandlung nicht passiviert werden kann. Die Passivität in Laugen, die schwächer als 0,1-n-NaOH sind, wird durch einen Gehalt der Lauge an NaCl sehr schnell zerstört. Eine Al-Mg-Legierung mit mehr als 14% Mg kann jedoch auch in starker NaOH ohne weiteres passiviert werden, da MgO und Mg(OH)2 in Laugen unlöslich sind. Diese Passivität ist auch gegen Chloride viel weniger empfindlich als selbst die von Reinstaluminium.In reinen NaCl-Lösungen sind Reinstaluminium und Al-Mg-Legierung dauernd aktiv, da das Aluminiumchlorid sehr leichtlöslich ist und durch Hydrolyse gebildetes Al(OH)2 nicht unmittelbar an der Metalloberfläche entsteht und daher auch zu keiner Deckschichtbildung führen kann.Durch einen Zusatz von NaOH zur NaCl-Lösung wird der Angriff von NaCl auf Reinstaluminium verringert, was auf eine Deckschichtbildung zurückzuführen ist. In NaCO3-Lösungen ist das Rücklösungsvermögen der Lösung so gering, daß eine Passivität ohne weiteres erzielbar ist. Die quantitative Bestimmung der Porosität der natürlichen Oxydschicht am Aluminium ergab für Sodalösungen eine Porenfläche von etwa, 0,035 % der Gesamtfläche. Je stärker die Laugenkonzentration und je größer der Gehalt der Lösung an Natriumchlorid ist, desto porösere Deckschichten werden bei der Passivierung gebildet.Es ist nicht möglich, die Metallabtragung beim Beizen von Aluminium in Laugen durch eine anodische Behandlung und Deckschichtbildung zu verringern, da bei den für das Beizen in Betracht kommenden Laugenkonzentrationen eine anodische Passivierung nicht mehr möglich ist.
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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