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  • Chemistry  (11,435)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (11,435)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1978  (5,931)
  • 1975  (5,504)
Collection
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (11,435)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-10-13
    Description: Picosecond spectroscopy is a relatively new field of science that utilizes ultrashort laser pulses to monitor events taking place in the 10(-12) second regime. The continuing development of picosecond spectroscopy has made possible the detection and measurement of the primary events in many physical and tiological processes. This article describes a currently used picosecond spectroscopy system that is capable of reliably recording picosecond events. Two areas of picosecond research are discussed; one concerns the interaction of electrons in fluids, and the second the primary events in vision.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rentzepis, P M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 13;202(4364):174-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/694523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Electrons ; *Kinetics ; Lasers ; Protons ; *Retinal Pigments ; *Rhodopsin ; Spectrum Analysis/*methods ; Temperature ; *Vision, Ocular
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-03-17
    Description: The history of U.S. foreign aid support of science and technology in Latin America is examined and an attempt is made to evaluate the scientific and economic growth of that area in relation to the total foreign aid effort.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Szmant, H H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 17;199(4334):1173-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/415363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Education ; History, 20th Century ; International Educational Exchange ; Latin America ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Science/history ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-04-07
    Description: Glucose reacts nonenzymatically with the NH2-terminal amino acid of the beta chain of human hemoglobin by way of a ketoamine linkage, resulting in the formation of hemoglobin AIc. Other minor components appear to be adducts of glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 1,6-diphosphate. These hemoglobins are formed slowly and continuously throughout the 120-day life-span of the red cell. There is a two- to threefold increase in hemoglobin AIc in the red cells of patients with diabetes mellitus. By providing an integrated measurement of blood glucose, hemoglobin AIc is useful in assessing the degree of diabetic control. Furthermore, this hemoglobin is a useful model of nonenzymatic glycosylation of other proteins that may be involved in the long-term complications of the disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bunn, H F -- Gabbay, K H -- Gallop, P M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 7;200(4337):21-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus/*blood/diagnosis ; Diphosphoglyceric Acids/blood ; Glycosides/blood ; Glycosuria/etiology ; Hemoglobin A/*metabolism ; Hemoglobins/*analysis/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Oxygen/blood ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 35-35 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Stress Intensity Factors in the Neighbourhood of a Circular Hole and their Influence on Crack Behavior.A photoelastic method was developed to determine the stress intensity factors KI and KII for cracks subjected to mixed-mode loading. The constants in the near field expansion about the crack tip were computed using a non-linear optimization program to give a best fit to the observed isochromatics. Copying the latter onto an equal density film increased their sharpness and, thus, the accuracy of the determination. The method was applied to cracks lying perpendicular to the external stress near a circular hole in a plate under uniaxial tension and the results used to describe the paths of cracks in the neighbourhood of a hole.
    Notes: Es wurden Modellexperimente durchgeführt, um den Einfluß von Inhomogenitäten - wie etwa Poren oder Einschlüsse - auf das Bruchverhalten unter statischer Belastung zu untersuchen. Änderungen der Ausbreitungsrichtung eines Risses, verursacht durch die Wechselwirkung mit einem Kreisloch in einer einachsig belasteten Platte, wurden gemessen. Zum Verständnis der beobachteten Abweichungen wurden die Spannungsfaktoren KI und KII eines Risses in der Nähe eines Kreisloches in einer Platte spannungsoptisch bestimmt. Hierzu wurden die Isochromaten um eine Rißspitze durch Verwendung eines Äquidensitenfilmes photographisch verschärft und die erhaltenen Linien durch ein nicht-lineares Optimierungsprogramm an die Nahfeld-Lösung der Spannungsverteilung um eine Rißspitze angepaßt.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Experience with Water Heaters of Stainless Steel.Different stainless steels and their importance in the construction of domestic water heaters. Types of corrosion and their importance in water heating practice. Important aspects for manufacture. Experience gained with stainless steel water heaters.
    Notes: Die verschiedenen nichrtrostenden Stähle und ihre Bedeutung für den Bau von Warmwasserbereitern. Korrosionsarten bei nichtrostenden Stählen und ihre Bedeutung im Zusammenhang mit der Warmwasserbereitung. Wichtige Gesichtspunkte für die Fertigung. Bisherige praktische Erfahrungen mit Warmwasserbereitern aus nichtrostendem Stahl.
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  • 8
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 70-72 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 10
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 95-108 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Concerning Investigation of Internal Electrodeposition Stress and Residual Internal Stress in Electrodeposited Nickel Coatings by Spiral Contractometer and “Strip Dilatometer” Methods.For assessing the affect of material and plating conditions on internal stress in electrodeposited coatings and its influence on material strength of plated parts it is better knowing internal stress in thin, just deposited layers (while plating process continuous) and also the course of internal stress in the coating (after plating has been finished) instead of investigating an average stress in the coating. In order to get this more substantial information on internal stresses in electrodeposited coatings a deposition model - gradual composition of the coating - and stress calculation methods were developed for Spiral Contractometer and “Strip Dilatometer”. Both methods were applied on measurements in a Watts-Nickel electrolyte.
    Notes: Für die Beurteilung werkstoff- und abscheidungsbedingter Eigenspannungszustände in galvanischen Schichten und ihres Einflusses auf Festigkeitseigenschaften beschichteter Bauteile ist es vorteilhaft, statt der mittleren Schichteigenspannungen erstens kontinuierlich über dem Schichtwachstum die Eigenspannungen dünner Schichtinkremente zu ermitteln und zweitens den Verlauf der - nach beendeter Abscheidung - tatsächlich über der Schichtdicke wirkenden Eigenspannungen zu bestimmen. Um diese differenzierte Aussage über Eigenspannungen in galvanischen Schichten zu erhalten, wurden anhand eines Abscheidungsmodells - schrittweiser Aufbau der Schicht - Rechenverfahren für Messungen mit dem Spiralkontraktometer und dem Streifendehnungsmeßgerät entwickelt und an Nickelschichten aus dem Watts-Bad praktisch erprobt.
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  • 11
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 108-108 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 12
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 13
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 52-54 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Experimental Investigation of the Statistical Size-Effect in Fatigue Tests with Unnotched Specimens.In constant-load-fatigue-tests with unnotched specimens of different lengths, the statistical effect of specimen's size in probability of lifetime to fracture was determined.
    Notes: Im einstufigen Dauerschwingversuch an ungekerbten Proben mit unterschiedlichen Meßlängen konnte der statistische Einfluß der Probengröße auf deren Bruchwahrscheinlichkeit experimentell nachgewiesen werden.
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  • 14
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 58-66 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Manufacture and Properties of Electrolytic Copper Powder.The scope of this paper is a survey of manufacturing of electrolytic copper powders at Norddeutsche Affinerie, Hamburg. A general description of the process is followed by:1. Possibilities of controlled adjustment of electrolytic deposition process.2. Typical data of the as-deposited copper powders.3. Processing to powders exhibiting properties well suited for industrial applications, especially for carbon brushes, friction materials and sintered parts.
    Notes: Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über die Herstellung von Elektrolyt-Kupferpulvern dei der Norddeutschen Affinerie, Hamburg. Im Anschluß an eine allgemeine Verfahrensbeschreibung werden behandelt:1. Möglichkeiten zur gezielten Steuerung des elektrolytischen Abscheideprozesses.2. Kennwerte der primär abgeschiedenen Kupferpulver.3. Aufarbeitung zu Pulvern, die für industrielle Anwendungen-insbesondere Kohlebürsten, Reibwerkstoffe und Sinterteile - geeignete Kennwerte aufweisen.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 16
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 153-156 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Quantitative holographic testing of fibre reinforced plastic components of spacecrafts.The quantitative evaluation of holographic interferograms lead to an exact determination of displacements and deformations of arbitrary shaped objects. The measurements can be carried out in the range of about 0 to 100 μm with an accuracy of ± 0,05 μm. The application of this method is reported for the case of spacecraft components under thermal and mechanical load.
    Notes: Die quantitative Auswertung holographischer Interferogramme erlaubt eine exakte Bestimmung von Verschiebungen und Verformungen an beliebig geformten Objekten. Die Messungen im Bereich von ca. 0 bis 100 μm können dabei mit einer Genauigkeit von ± 0,05 μm durchgeführt werden. Es wird über die Anwendung dieses Verfahrens auf einige Bauteile aus der Raumfahrttechnik berichtet, die einer thermischen bzw. mechanischen Last ausgesetzt wurden.
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  • 17
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 176-179 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 18
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 19
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 20
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 206-209 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 21
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 181-187 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Clad plates for construction of apparatus.Importance of clad plates on the field of the construction of apparatus for the chemistry and patrol chemistry. Description of a cladding process to bond permanently and integrally ferritic steels and corrosion resistant and heat resistant materials by rolling. Information on available combinations of materials and gauge as well as on indispensable requirements to be met by the quality of the material.Results of tests carried out on the bond. Distribution of the elements between the clad and the base material. Bond properties, corrosion behaviour, toughness values and tensile properties of clad plates, heat treatment, cutting and welding of clad plates. Demonstration of applications.
    Notes: Bedeutung plattierter Grobbleche im Apparatebau für die chemische und petrochemische Industrie. Beschreibung des Verfahrens, mit dem ferritische Stähle und korrosions- bzw. hitzebeständige Werkstoffe sich durch Walzplattieren dauerhaft verbinden lassen. Hinweise auf lieferbare Werkstoffkombinationen und Abmessungen sowie auf notwendige Qualitätsanforderungen.Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen der Verbindungsschicht. Verteilung der Elemente zwischen Auflage- und Grundwerkstoff. Haftfestigkeit, Korrosionsverhalten, Zähigkeits- und Festigkeitseigenschaften des Schichtsystems, Wärmebehandlung, Schneiden und Schweißen plattierter Grobbleche. Anwendungsbeispiele.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 23
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Engineering Plating - A Chance for the Engineer in Future.Electroplating as well as chemical plating will become a more and more applicated procedure to produce special properties of the surface of technical components. Therefore the engineer and the plater have to discuss their problems to find out the best way of protection against the various possible kinds of stressing and to state the necessary rules of construction, materials selection, pretreatment, plating and the following finishing operations. Test methods are to standardize and the properties of the composite substrate/metal layer are to describe and to limit.
    Notes: Die Galvanotechnik hat die Chance, als anerkanntes Fertigungsverfahren verstärkten Eingang in die industrielle Anwendung zu finden, wenn es gelingt, den Ingenieur von ihrer Leistungsfähigkeit zu überzeugen. Dazu gehören die Beschreibung der Eigenschaften von Überzug und galvanisiertem Bauteil, die Standardisierung von Prüfverfahren zur Ermittlung dieser Eigenschaften und die Spezifizierung der Galvanisierverfahren einschließlich der notwendigen Vorbehandlung und der eventuell zu empfehlenden Nachbehandlung zum Zwecke einer Gütesicherung. Eine Ausweitung der Anwendungsgebiete der Galvanotechnik gewinnt mit dem Wachsen der Probleme im Bereich der Werkstoffgewinnung und -erhaltung wie auch durch die Verschärfung der wirtschaftlichen Lage zunehmend an Bedeutung.
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  • 24
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 17-29 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: New Test Methods of Ceramic Materials.The conventional tests of ceramic materials produce strength data which depend on specimen size and testing procedures. That is because of the particular brittle defect structure of these materials. To get material constants one may use statistic relations and data based on fracture mechanics test methods or on energy concept. In this paper the different methods obtaining strength data characterizing the brittle structure are represented with a critical examination of its validity. The trend in the special field is emphasized.
    Notes: Neben einer reproduzierbaren Herstellung des Gefügeaufbaus ist für den Einsatz keramischer Werkstoffe die materialspezifische Beschreibung des Festigkeitsverhaltens von entscheidender Bedeutung. Mit konventionellen Festigkeitsbetrachtungen, die über einen Nennspannungsnachweis laufen, lassen sich wegen der makroskopisch spröden Defektstruktur nur vergleichende Betrachtungen anstellen. Neben einer werkstoffspezifischen Kennzeichnung sollten insbesondere solche Festigkeitsprüfverfahren angewendet werden, welche die Übertragung der im Laborversuch ermittelten Meßdaten auf ein Konstruktionsteil gestatten. Dies läßt sich grundsätzlich über statistische, bruchmechanische oder energetische Betrachtungen bzw. deren gegenseitige Verknüpfung erreichen. Die verschiedenen Methoden werden vorgestellt und einer kritischen Prüfung unterzogen. Die Entwicklungstendenzen auf diesem Gebiet werden aufgezeigt.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 180-180 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 210-214 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 361-367 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Use of Titanium Castings to Produce a Complex Shaped Intermediate Casing of RB 199.This paper describes the present position on a highly stressed casing and its functions in the RB 199-34 R engine. When the parts of the casing are made from solid forged titanium billets, up to 93% of the material used is machined away. For this reason, the most complicated parts of the casing were procured as castings and welded together by TIG welding. The paper describes the present quality standard of the titanium castings. The tests on the materials and their mechanical properties show that the castings are inferior to the forgings only with respect to their HCF behaviour and their elongation at rupture. Macroscopic flaws are not entirely inevitable but can be detected by X-ray tests. The future prospects for titanium castings are considered favourable.
    Notes: Der Bericht beschreibt die Lage eines hochbeanspruchten Gehäuses und dessen Funktionen im Triebwerk RB 199-34 R. Bei der Herstellung der Einzelteile des Gehäuses aus massiv geschmiedeten Titanblöcken wird bis zu 93% des eingesetzten Materials zerspant. Die kompliziertesten Partien des Gehäuses wurden deshalb als Gußteil bezogen und mittels WIG-Schweißung verbunden. Der Bericht beschreibt den heutigen Qualitätsstand der Titangußteile. Die Ergebnisse der Werkstoff- und Festigkeitsuntersuchungen weisen nur im HCF-Verhalten und der Bruchdehnung Nachteile des Gusses gegenüber dem geschmiedeten Material aus. Makroskopische Fehler sind nicht vollständing vermeidbar, aber durch Röntgenprüfung nachzuweisen. Die künftigen Aussichten des Titangusses werden positiv beurteilt.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 384-390 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Development of Hot-Forged Sintered Steels with Optimum Yield Point at Higher Temperature, Fatigue and Impact Strength.The material characteristic values of hot-forged sintered steels are reported. Besides the usual properties, (ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation at room temperature). The behaviour of materials at higher temperature is of great importance. Further, fatigue strength and impact strength must be considered. The influence of heat treatment on these properties were investigated and brought to a correlation with the formation of microstructures.The hot forging P/M preform requires a special attention on alloying elements and alloying techniques. Optimum properties results when using completely alloyed powders or mixed powders by employing special master alloys. This and further problems involving alloying techniques and particularly the behaviour of carbon as an alloying element is reported in details. The correlation between mechanical properties and fracture behaviour is discussed.
    Notes: Für die Ermittlung von Werkstoffkenndaten warmgepreßter Sinterstähle spielt neben den üblichen Eigenschaften (Zugfestigkeit, Streckgrenze und Bruchdehnung bei Raumtemperatur) das Verhalten der Werkstoffe bei erhöhten Temperaturen eine wichtige Rolle. Daneben müssen Dauerwechselfestigkeit und Schlagarbeit berücksichtigt werden. Der Einfluß von Wärmebehandlungen auf diese Eigenschaften ist untersucht und in Beziehung zur Gefügeausbildung gebracht worden.Große Bedeutung erlangt beim Warmpressen pulvermetallurgisch erzeugter Vorformen die geeignete Wahl der Legierungselemente und Legierungsträger. Optimale Eigenschaften ergaben sich bei Verwendung von fertiglegierten Pulvern oder gemischtlegierten Pulvern, wobei jedoch spezielle Vorlegierungen als Legierungsträger eingesetzt werden. Diese und weitere Fragen der Legierungsbildung, insbesondere die Rolle des Kohlenstoffs, werden ausführlich erläutert. Der Zusammenhang zwischen mechanischen Eigenschaften und Bruchverhalten wird diskutiert.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 407-414 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Contribution to the application of the X-ray microprobe within production control and investigation of failures.On the basis of several selected cases the application of the X-ray microprobe within production control and investigation of failures is discussed. The influence of sulphur on nickel as well as that of vitriolic acid on cast iron is demonstrated to show examples of reciprocal actions between metals and environment. The final state of diffusion processes which occur during welding of copper and aluminium as of unsufficiently cleaned low carbon nickel is described. The effects of high temperatures are demonstrated for a X 8 CrNiNb 16 13 header exposed to long time service and of a 14 NiCr 8 pinion being heated and quenchend in a very short period of time. The influence of microchemical composition on the shape of fracture surface of stressed X 2 CrNiMoSi 19 5 3 corrosion test specimens is examined. The identity of the materials of a damaged X 10 CrNiMoTi 18 10 shaft case from a chemical pump and a piece of sintered metal found adjacent to the bearing is demonstrated.
    Notes: Anhand einiger ausgewählter Fälle wird über den Einsatz der Mikrosonde im Rahmen der Schadensforschung und der Betriebsüberwachung berichtet. Als Beispiele für den Nachweis von Wechselwirkungen zwischen Metall und Stoffen aus der Umgebung werden die Schwefelschädigung von Nickel sowie die Oleum-Schädigung von Grauguß vorgestellt. Die Untersuchung des Endzustands von beim Schweißen ablaufenden Diffusionsvorgängen wird an einer Kupfer-Aluminium-Schweißung und an einer nicht einwandfrei durchgeführten Schweißung von LC-Ni99 gezeigt. Die Auswirkungen hoher Temperaturen werden am Beispiel eines langzeitbeanspruchten X 8 CrNiNb 16 13-Heißdampfsammlers sowie eines in örtlich begrenzten Zonen kurzzeiterhitzten und abgeschreckten 14 NiCr 18-Ritzels beschrieben. An zugbeanspruchten X 2 CrNiMoSi 19 5 3-Korrosionsproben wird der Einfluß der mikrochemischen Zusammensetzung auf die Bruchausbildung untersucht, schließlich wird die Übereinstimmung zwischen den Werkstoffen einer zerstörten X 10 CrNiMoTi-Wellenschutzhülse aus einer Chemiepumpe und einem im Lagerungsbereich vorgefundenen gesinterten Metallkörper nachgewiesen.
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 221-225 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 246-250 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 269-280 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Failure Criteria for Polymers. Part I: Analytical Derivation.The failure criteria known from literature are represented in an uniform frame. Their physical or empirical origin is discussed.In the case of an isotropic material, a general state of stress in an orthogonal system of coordinates will cause the same constraint of material as the transformed state of principal stresses.In the case of an anisotropic material it is necessary to calculate with normal stresses and shear stresses parallel to the principal axis of anisotropy.Besides the description of a constraint of materials by stresses, there is also given the definition of a constraint of isotropic materials by strains.The experimental results of thermoplastic materials, thermosets, and glassfibre-reinforced plastics are compared in a second part with the analytically derived criteria of failure.
    Notes: Teil I: Analytische Herleitung.Die aus der Literatur bekannten Versagenskriterien werden in einem einheitlichen Rahmen dargestellt. Auf ihren physikalisch begründeten oder empirisch gewonnenen Ausgangspunkt wird eingegangen.Liegt ein isotroper Werkstoff vor, so bewirkt ein beliebiger Spannungszustand in einem rechtwinkligen Koordinatensystem dieselbe Werkstoffanstrengung wie derjenige Spannungszustand, der durch Transformation in die Hauptspannungsrichtungen entsteht. Dabei ist es gleichgültig, ob sich die Zugfestigkeit von der Druckfestigkeit unterscheidet. Dies ist bei anisotropen Werkstoffen nicht der Fall. Hier muß man stets mit den Normal- bzw. Schubspannungen parallel zu den Anisotropiehauptachsen rechnen.Neben der Beschreibung der Werkstoffanstrengung durch Spannungen wird auch auf die Definition der Anstrengung bei isotropen Werkstoffen infolge Verformungen eingegangen.In einem zweiten Teil werden experimentelle Ergebnisse an Thermoplasten, Duromeren und glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen mit den analytisch hergeleiteten Versagenskriterien verglichen.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 262-268 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation of the Abrasive Action of Contaminated Lubricating Oils in Narrow Cross-Section Flow Channels.An apparatus is described with which abrasive wear in narrow cross-section channels in model test-pieces, structural units and products can be studied.In the study of abrasive wear, a distinction is made between wear by contacting structural parts and erosion by suspended particles. Narrow cross-section flow channels in pumps, valves, cocks and sealing slits of all kinds are particularly subject to abrasive wear by contaminated operating liquids.Hard particles (e.g. abraded metal particles or minerals such as quartz and corundum) have a particularly severe abrasive effect.Particle size and its distribution, particle quantity and operating pressure all have considerable influence on wear. A simple quantity, which in practice yields valuable information on wear in narrow cross-section channels, is the ratio of particle diameter to channel width (d/h0). In design, a distinction has to be made between static and dynamic slits. The investigations here described were restricted to static slits of breadth between 100 and 600 μm. Particle sizes of 5, 14, 30 and 50 μm were studied at pressures of 60, 120 and 300 bar.Wear increases with increasing operating pressure and with increasing value of d/h0. Even at d/h0-values of 0,02 and contamination concentrations of 20 mg/l, measurable wear occurs. At d/h0-values of 0,5, static slits begin to block.By means of a graph of wear against d/h0, information on the susceptibility to wear of various widths of static slits over a wide range of operating conditions can be obtained. This gives important indications as to the necessary fineness of filter.
    Notes: Es wird ein Prüfstand beschrieben, mit dem abrasiver Verschleiß in engen Strömungsquerschnitten an Modellproben, Bauteilen und Erzeugnissen untersucht werden kann.Beim abrasiven Verschleiß wird zwischen Gegenkörperfurchung und Teilchenfurchung (Erosion) unterschieden. Anfällig gegen abrasiven Verschleiß durch verschmutzte Betriebsflüssigkeiten sind besonders enge Strömungsquerschnitte in Pumpen, Ventilen, Schiebern sowie Dichtspalten aller Art.Verschleißend wirken besonders harte Teilchen (z. B. metallischer Abrieb oder mineralische Stoffe wie Quarz und Korund).Von wesentlichem Einfluß auf den Verschleiß sind weiter Teilchengröße, Teilchengrößenverteilung, Teilchenmenge und Betriebsdruck. Eine einfache und in der Praxis aussagekräftige Beurteilungsgröße für den Verschleiß in engen Strömungsquerschnitten ist das Verhältnis Teilchendurchmesser zur Spaltweite (d/h0). Konstruktiv unterscheidet man zwischen statischen und dynamischen Spalten. Die Untersuchungen beschränkten sich auf statische Spaltformen mit Spaltweiten zwischen 100 und 600 μm. Untersucht wurden die Teilchengrößen 5, 14, 30 und 50 μm bei Drucken von 60, 120 und 300 bar.Der Verschleiß nimmt mit zunehmendem Betriebsdruck und zunehmendem d/h0 zu. Bereits bei Werten von d/h0 0,02 tritt bei Schmutzkonzentrationen von 20 mg/l empfindlicher Verschleiß auf. Bei d/ho-Werten 0,5 beginnen statische Spalten zu verstopfen.Mit Hilfe eines „Verschleiß-d/ho-Diagramms“ können schnell Aussagen über die Verschleißempfindlichkeit der verschiedensten Spaltweiten statischer Spalte über einen weiten Betriebsbereich und damit wichtige Hinweise auf die notwendige Filterfeinheit gewonnen werden.
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 367-376 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The “Wettingbalance”, a new aid for testing softsoldering fluxes.A new method for the determination of behaviour of materials related to soft solderability, evaluates the forces acting on immersed samples, which are significant for the achieved wetting quality. The influence of various factors such as condition of the samplesurface, flux and solder are sensitively registered and allow their objectiv assessment. Sofar the wettingcurves are mostly interpreted from a qualitative point of view. The presented method, taking the comparative testing of fluxes as an example, describes the quantitative evaluation of the wetting behaviour. In the beginning a summary of the physical background of the process as well as few remarks relatet to the experimental procedure are given.
    Notes: Eine neuartige Methode zur Bestimmung des Werkstoffverhaltens beim Weichlöten benutzt die bei der Benetzung an einer in das Lot eintauchenden Probe angreifenden Kräfte als Maß für die erreichte Benetzungsgüte. Die Einflüsse unterschiedlicher Oberflächenzustände, Flußmittel, Lote, können dabei besonders empfindlich erfaßt und objektiv beurteilt werden. Die erhaltenen Benetzungsdiagramme werden heute meist noch nach qualitativen Gesichtspunkten gedeutet. Das hier am Beispiel der vergleichenden Flußmittelprüfung vorgestellte Auswerteverfahren gestattet eine quantitative Bewertung des Benetzungsverhaltens. Zuvor wird eine zusammenfassende Übersicht über die dem Verfahren zugrunde liegenden physikalischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten gegeben sowie einige Bemerkungen zur Meßtechnik gemacht.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 377-384 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: European Contribution towards Development of Alloying Technique for Manufacturing Sintered Structural Parts.In Europe in the last decade the consumption of iron, steel and non-ferrous metal powders for the production of filters, bearings and structural parts has trippled. This positive development has been largely influenced by the progresses made in the p/m alloying techniques. Among the most important European contributions in this scope belongs the development of the monophasic iron-copper and iron-copper-nicle-alloys. The progressing development and introduction in production of the iron-phosphor alloys is a further important contribution. An important progress is represented by the development of the diffusion-alloyed iron powders with copper, nicle and molybdenum as alloying components. Recent and specially promissing developments are carbon-, manganese- and chromium containing sintered steels in which an oxidising resistent pre-alloy is used as alloying partner which contains the alloying elements in highly concentrated form.
    Notes: Der Verbrauch an Eisen- und Metallpulvern zur Herstellung von Filtern, Gleitlagern und Formteilen hat sich in Europa im letzten Jahrzehnt verdreifacht.Für diese positive Entwicklung waren die Fortschritte in der pulvermetallurgischen Legierungstechnik mitbestimmend. Zu den wichtigsten europäischen Beiträgen auf diesem Gebiet gehören die Entwicklung der einphasigen Eisen-Kupfer- und Eisen-Kupfer-Nickellegierungen. Die Weiterentwicklung und Einführung der Eisen-Phosphor-Legierungen ist ein weiterer wichtiger Beitrag. Einen erheblichen Fortschritt stellt die Entwicklung der anlegierten Eisenpulver mit Kupfer, Nickel und Molybdän als Legierungskomponeten dar.Eine neuere und besonders erfolgversprechende Entwicklung sind Kohlenstoff, Mangan und chromlegierte Sinterstähle, bei denen als Legierungsträger eine schweroxidierbare Vorlegierung gewählt wird, die die Legierungselemente in hochkonzentrierter Form enthält.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 391-396 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Description / Table of Contents: Stress-Rupture Testing under Superimposed Steam Corrosion.Extent and Morphology of Stress-Assisted Surface and Bulk Oxidation of Incoloy Alloy 800 Thin Wall Tubing.Continuing long-time stress-rupture testing under biaxial stresses and superimposed steam corrosion of Incoloy Alloy 800 thin wall tubing, the extent and morphology of stress-assisted additional surface and bulk oxidation was evaluated by quantitative metallography. This paper describes the stress-assisted additional corrosion as function of tangential stress or corresponding rupture-life, creep strain, and creep rate. The results are presented and explained on the basis of surface and bulk penetrating oxide morphology.
    Notes: In Fortführung der Zeitstanduntersuchungen bei überlagerter Heißdampf-Korrosion von dünnwandigen Rohrkapseln der Legierung Incoloy 800 (Werkstoff Nr. 1.4876) wurde das Ausmaß und die Erscheinungsform der spannungsbedingt verstärkten Oberflächen- und Gefüge-Oxidation durch eine Methode der quantitativen Metallographie einer besonderen Überprüfung unterworfen.Die Arbeit gibt die gemessene Korrosionssteigerung in Abhängigkeit von Tangentialspannung resp. Standzeit, Kriechdehnung und Kriechgeschwindigkeit wieder. Die Ergebnisse werden auf der Basis des Erscheinungsbildes der korrodierten metallischen Oberfläche und des oxidativ durchdrungenen Gefüges dargestellt und gedeutet.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 434-434 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A2 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A5 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A6 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A7 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
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    Description / Table of Contents: Knowledge about stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue until 1970; specific aggressive media to cause stress corrosion cracking: alkali solution, nitrates, ammonia salts - meaning of the constant strain rate technique and stress corrosion cracking in bicarbonate solutions - dependence of tensile stress, strain and strain rate upon time; significance of strain rate - investigations in bicarbonate, carbonate and hydroxide solutions - critical potential ranges - relation between strain rate and low cycle fatigue - theoretical differences between stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue in spite of gradual transient in physical appearances.
    Notes: Stand des Wissens über Spannungsriß- und Schwingungsrißkorrosion bis um 1970; spezifische Medien für Spannungsrißkorrosion: Alkalilauge, Nitrate, Ammoniumsalze - Bedeutung der constant-strain-rate-Technik und Bikarbonat-Spannungsrißkorrosion - Zeitabhängigkeit von Zugspannung, Dehnung und Dehngeschwindigkeit; Bedeutung der Dehngeschwindigkeit - Untersuchungen in Bikarbonat-, Karbonat- und Hydroxidlösungen - kritische Potentialbereiche - Zusammenhang zwischen Dehngeschwindigkeit und langsamer Ermüdung - theoretischer Unterschied zwischen Spannungsrißkorrosion und Korrosionsermüdung trotz phänomenologisch gleitender Übergänge.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 27-30 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation of Steel Fiber Reinforced Aluminium under Torsional and Compressive LoadingA fiber-shaped composite material which, due to its fabrication process and internal structure may be called a double fiber composite, and whose strength behaviour is significantly influenced by boundary layers and porosity has been tested by means of two test methods: 1The possibility is demonstrated to determine by a non-destructive elastic torsional test the useful cross section for the utilization of the material, taking the quality-reducing factors into consideration.2Pressure tests have shown good agreement with Timoshenko and Gere's wave theory extended in this particular case. .
    Notes: Die Erprobung eines faserförmigen Verbundwerkstoffes, der durch Herstellungsverfahren und inneren Aufbau als Doppelfaserverbund zu bezeichnen ist und dessen Festigkeitsverhalten durch Grenzschichten und Porosität wesentlich beeinflußt wird, wurde mittels zweier Prüfverfahren durchgeführt: 1Es wird die Möglichkeit aufgezeigt, den nutzbaren Querschnitt für den Einsatz des Materials unter Berücksichtigung der qualitätsmindernden Faktoren im elastischen Torsionsversuch zerstörungsfrei zu ermitteln.2Durch Druckversuche wurde eine gute Übereinstimmung mit der hier erweiterten Wellentheorie von Timoshenko und Gere erzielt. .
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  • 57
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanical and Technological Properties of Nickel Containing SuperferritesHigh chromium ferritic stainless steels with molybdenum and nickel additions, containing low amounts of interstitials, show remarkably good mechanical properties besides their excellent corrosion behaviour. Yield strengths of these materials can be more than the twofold, compared with that of austenitic stainless steels. In contrary to commercial ferritic stainless chromium steels, the Superferrites exhibit remarkable notch impact toughness also at temperatures below 0 °C. These properties as well as their permanent toughness after a welding process permit a good technological workability and, because of the high strength properties, the application of thinner dimensions in construction.
    Notes: Hochlegierte ferritische Chromstähle mit Molybdän- und Nickelzusätzen sowie niedrigen Kohlenstoff- und Stickstoffgehalten weisen neben ihrer hervorragenden Korrosionsbeständigkeit auffallend gute mechanisch-technologische Eigenschaften auf. Diese Werkstoffe können im Vergleich mit austenitischen chemisch beständigen Stählen mehr als doppelt so hohe 0,2%-Dehngrenzen erreichen. Im Gegensatz zu den herkömmlichen ferritischen Chromstählen besitzen sie auch bei Temperaturen unter 0 °C eine bemerkenswerte Kerbschlagzähigkeit. Diese Eigenschaften sowie das bleibende Verformungsvermögen nach einem Schweißvorgang lassen eine gute Verarbeitbarkeit der Stähle im Apparatebau zu, wobei wegen des Festigkeitsvorteils wesentlich dünnere Abmessungen benötigt werden.
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  • 58
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 19-27 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The growing interest in the use of graphite as a material for chemical equipment is occasioned by the highly corrosion resistant properties of this low-cost material.Economic and safety specifications require a thorough knowledge of the material's properties and performance and also of the effect of these factors on a particular unit. It is to be considered for instance that the material's compressive strength is 3 to 5 times higher than its tensile strength.Another important characteristic is its static strength: the smaller the stressed volume, the higher the breaking strength. This comparatively good performance is of advantage in cases of high voltage gradients as encountered as edge stresses at the openings of tube plates and nozzles. In such cases the breaking strength may reach twice the value of the rupturing strength.A third characteristic to be mentioned is the high dependence of strength on the parameters of production; the strength decreases, for technological reasons, with increasing size.The following design principles are based on the specific properties and performance of the material: units to be preferably subjected to compressive stressuse of the smallest possible stockmaterial of higher strength to be used in hightension zones (smaller semiproduct dimensions)No cemented joints in highly stressed zones .
    Notes: Graphit zeichnet seine “breite” Korrosionsbeständigkeit bei verhältnismäßig niederen Kosten aus. Er wird deshalb in zunehmendem Maße für hochkorrosionsfeste Apparate eingesetzt. Wirtschaftliche und sicherheitstechnische Forderungen machen eine genaue Kenntnis des Werkstoffverhaltens und dessen Auswirkungen auf ein Bauteil zur Voraussetzung. So ist z. B. die gegenüber der Zugfestigkeit um den Faktor 3 bis 5 höhere Druckfestigkeit zu berücksichtigen. Ein weiteres wichtiges Merkmal ist die statistische Natur der Festigkeit. Je geringer das beanspruchte Volumen ist, desto höher ist die Bruchfestigkeit. Das bedeutet gerade bei hohen Spannungsgradienten, wie sie als Lochrandspannungen an Rohrplatten oder Stutzen auftreten, ein vergleichsweise günstiges Verhalten. In derartigen Fällen kann die Bruchfestigkeit den doppelten Wert der Zug-Bruchfestigkeit erreichen. Als drittes hervorzuhebendes Merkmal ist die starke Abhängigkeit der Festigkeit von den Herstellungsparametern zu nennen; technologisch bedingt nimmt die Festigkeit mit zunehmenden Abmessungen ab.Aus dem Werkstoffverhalten leiten sich folgende Konstruktionsprinzipien ab: Bauteile bevorzugt auf Druck beanspruchen.Stets das kleinstmögliche Halbzeug verwenden.In Zonen hoher Spannung Material höherer Festigkeit einsetzen (kleinere Halbzeugabmessungen).Kittverbindungen nicht in hochbeanspruchte Zonen legen.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 31-36 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 36-36 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 61
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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  • 62
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A9 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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  • 63
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 64
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A12 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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  • 66
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: ESCA - Investigations of the Passive Films Formed on Austenitic Stainless Steels in Nitric AcidBy means of ESCA the composition and the thickness of passive films formed on austenitic stainless steels were investigated after the attack of nitric acid at various temperatures and acid concentrations.The outermost layers of the oxide film consist of SiO2, then a layer rich of Cr-oxid follows, containing also some Mo in the four- and six-valent state. Ni does not contribute to the oxide film. Cr is also enriched in the metal just below the oxide film.
    Notes: Mittels ESCA wurden Zusammensetzung und Dicke der Oxidschichten ermittelt, die bei der Beanspruchung verschiedener austenitischer Chrom-Nickel-(Molybdän)-Stähle in Salpetersäuren unterschiedlicher Konzentration und Temperatur gebildet werden.Die äußere Schicht besteht aus SiO2; darunter befindet sich eine chromreiche, molybdänhaltige Oxidschicht. Nickel ist am Aufbau der Oxidschichten nicht beteiligt.In der metallischen Matrix unterhalb der Oxidschicht wurde eine Chromanreicherung nachgewiesen.
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
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    Notes: Testing of plastic pipes and fittings
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  • 68
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: The Improvement of Fatigue Limit as a Result of Hardening and Macrostresses Due to a Surface TreatmentSurface treatments, that increase the hardness as well as induce surface residual macrostresses, are universaly able to improve the fatigue limit. It is shown, that depending on the shape of specimens both effects together are responsible for the raise of the fatigue strength, which is in contrast to former opinions. The increase of hardness increases the stress required for crack initiation and is thus decident for unnotched specimens, whereas in this case the influence of permanent residual stresses is relatively smaller. Notched specimens of sufficient stress concentration factor kt are determined by the crack propagation conditions, which can be controlled decisively by mean loads. The increase of hardness improves the resistance against crack initiation proportional to the 1/kt portion of the unnotched fatigue limit, but cracks remain nonpropagating as long as a certain minimum alternative stress, which can be raised by compressive residual stresses, is not exceeded. Depending upon concentration factor, mean compressive load and hardness the transition from crack initiation to crack propagation as the criterion for fatigue fracture can be estimated by several fatigue-strength-diagrams, which are evaluated for specimens of constant hardness but are valid for surface hardened specimens as well.
    Notes: Eine universelle Möglichkeit, die Dauerhaltbarkeit von Bauteilen zu verbessern, bieten Oberflächenbehandlungsverfahren, die sowohl die Werkstoffhärte erhöhen als auch Druckeigenspannungen 1. Art in der Randschicht erzeugen. Im Gegensatz zu der im älteren Schrifttum oft vertreten Ansicht, nach der entweder der eine oder der andere Einfluß für den Mechanismus der Wechselfestigkeitssteigerung verantwortlich sein soll, zeigt sich, daß in Abhängigkeit von der Bauteilgeometrie beide Faktoren zusammenwirken. Die Härtesteigerung beeinflußt vornehmlich die Anrißdauerfestigkeit und bestimmt damit das Verhalten glatter Teile; Druckeigenspannungen, sofern sie nicht abgebaut werden, leisten einen geringeren Beitrag. Bei gekerbten Proben ausreichend hoher Formzahl wird der Dauerbruch durch die Rißausbreitungsbedingungen festgelegt, die in entscheidender Weise von Mittelspannungen abhängen. Die Härtesteigerung erhöht zwar proportional zum 1/αk-fachen Teil der Wechselfestigkeit glatter Proben die Beständigkeit gegen die Bildung von Anrissen, diese bleiben aber stehen, sofern nicht eine durch Druckmittelspannungen heraufsetzbare Mindestwechselspannung überschritten wird. Der von Formzahl, Höhe der Druckeigenspannungen und Härte abhängige Übergang von Anrißbildung zu Rißfortschritt als Kriterium für die zum Bruch führende Wechselspannung kann in Dauerfestigkeitsschaubildern abgelesen werden, die für Werkstoffe homogener Festigkeit aufgestellt werden, die aber ebenso für oberflächenverfestigte Proben gelten.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A17 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 70
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of Microstructure on Mechanical Properties of (α + β)-Ti-AlloysThe amount of α- and β-phase in (α + β)-Titanium alloys for example in the alloy TiAl6 V4 may be altered to a large extend by annealing procedures. In the alloy TiAl6 V4 each temperature corresponds to a certain amount of each of these phases, the composition of which is also dependent on annealing temperature. Above about 970 °C the homogeneous β-phase appears. Additions of Iron, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Hydrogen have a great influence on the transition temperature and the distribution of the α- and β-phase. There is a great influence of the distribution of the phases on the mechanical properties. The β-phase and the α-solid solution can be quenched from high temperature and decomposed at a lower temperature, so that intermediate phases as ω from β and α2 from α may be precipitated. The α-solid solution is anisotropic so that texturized samples have different properties in various directions. Based on these fundamental aspects it is shown to what extend these microstructures may influence the mechanical properties especially the fatigue behaviour of (α + β)-Ti-alloys.
    Notes: Die Anteile des α- und β-Titanmischkristalls in (α + β)-Titanlegierungen können z. B. bei der Legierung TiAl6 V4 in großen Bereichen durch Wärmebehandlung variiert werden. Bei jeder Temperatur stellt sich z. B. bei TiAl6 V4 ein bestimmtes Verhältnis zwischen α und β ein, wobei sich die Legierungskonzentration in den einzelnen Phasenanteilen ändert, bis oberhalb etwa 970 °C die reine β-Phase vorliegt. Beimengungen wie Eisen, Sauerstoff, Stickstoff und Wasserstoff verändern die Umwandlungstemperatur und auch die Anteile der jeweiligen Phasen. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften werden durch das Gefüge entscheidend beeinflußt. Sowohl der β-Mischkristall wie auch der α-Mischkristall können von hoher Temperatur abgeschreckt und bei tiefen Temperaturen zum Zerfall gebracht werden, so daß dadurch weitere Zwischenphasen, wie die ω-Phase im β-Mischkristall und die α2-Phase im α-Mischkristall ausgeschieden werden. Der α-Mischkristall weist eine starke Anisotropie auf, so daß mit Textur behaftete Proben eine Richtungsabhängigkeit der mechanischen Eigenschaften aufweisen. Ausgehend von diesen Grundlagen wird gezeigt, wie sich diese Gefügezustände auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften insbesondere bei schwingender Beanspruchung auswirken.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 73-76 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Ähnlich wie zum Taschentext 55 (Eisenwerkstoffe), der im Jahr 1977 im Verlag dieser Zeitschrift erschienen ist, wird mit dem Abdruck einiger Abschnitte aus dem Taschentext 56 (Metallische Nichteisenwerkstoffe) auf die Bedeutung dieser Werkstoffgruppe hingewiesen. Die Taschentexte der Reihe „Werkstoffkunde“ sollen den Studierenden der Ingenieurtechnik und ebenso den Ingenieur der Praxis mit Wesen und Eigenschaften technischer Werkstoffe bekannt machen. Dabei werden weniger die metallkundlichen als vielmehr die anwendungstechnischen Fragen in den Vordergrund gestellt.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978) 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A20 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A24 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 86-92 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Interaction of CracksStress intensity factors for multiple cracks in a plate under tension are reviewed. In addition to the known results for symmetrically arranged cracks the interaction effects due to rotation of one of the cracks relative to the load direction are calculated and in some cases examined experimentally. The results are discussed with reference to the safety assessment of structural components.
    Notes: Spannungsfaktoren von Mehrfachrissen in einer Scheibe unter Zug werden gesichtet. Erweiternd zu den bekannten Ergebnissen für symmetrische Rißanordnungen werden die Wechselwirkungseffekte, die bei der Drehung eines der Risse gegen die angelegte Spannung auftreten, numerisch und zum Teil experimentell untersucht. Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf Sicherheitsbeurteilung von Bauteilen diskutiert.
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: The State of the Art in the Fatigue Live Evaluation of ComponentsFor fatigue life estimations of components many compromises must be entered in the utilization of available fatigue design data. The parameters of the chosen design data which do not fit the component to be evaluated are in most cases taken into consideration by very global factors. These factors and the inaccuracies of Miner's Rule provide only a rough estimate of the fatigue life of a component. When the component is allready available, these uncertainties can be reduced by performing a fatigue test with service like load-time histories and a relative Miner's Calculation. For the same reason the total knowledge about the service fatigue behaviour of similar components should be taken into account in the life estimation.
    Notes: Bei praktisch allen Abschätzungen der Schwingfestigkeit eines Bauteils müssen Kompromisse bei der Auswahl der Bemessungs-Diagramme eingegangen werden. Die für das Bauteil nicht zutreffenden Parameter der Bemessungsunterlagen müssen recht pauschal durch Abschlagfaktoren berücksichtigt werden. Zusammen mit den Ungenauigkeiten der Miner-Regel können sich daraus recht erhebliche Fehleinschätzungen der Betriebslebensdauer eines Bauteiles ergeben. Wenn das Bauteil zur Verfügung steht, können diese Unsicherheiten durch einen Versuch mit betriebsähnlichem Kollektiv, verbunden mit einer Relativ-Miner Rechnung zum größten Teil vermieden werden. Aus dem gleichen Grunde sollten alle Kenntnisse über das Schwingfestigkeitsverhalten des Bauteils im Betrieb bei der Berechnung der Lebensdauer berücksichtigt werden.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 96-100 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: On the relationship between the properties and the microstructure of multiphase materials. Part III: Microstructure and Youngs Modulus of Elasticity
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 92-95 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ultrasonic Attenuation Measurements of a Maraging SteelThe objective of this study was to investigate the influence of nm-precipitation of a precipitation hardening steel on the ultrasonic attenuation. The applied steel X 2 NiCoMo 1885 was solution annealed and subsequently precipitation hardened at 480 °C at different holding times. A clear correlation between ultrasonic attenuation coefficient for 4 Mc and hardness values measured in the range of the hardness increase can be seen. The particle density of the microstructure given is considered as the common cause of the influence of both parameters. The increase in the particle density leads to a decrease in the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient. The reneward increase in the US-attenuation coefficient may additionally be influenced by the beginning austenit reformation and has not been investigated in more details here.
    Notes: Im Rahmen der hier durchgeführten Untersuchungen wurde der Einfluß von Ausscheidungen im nm-Bereich auf die Ultraschallschwächung an einem ausscheidungshärtenden Stahl untersucht. Der verwendete Stahl X 2 NiCoMo 1885 wurde lösungsgeglüht und anschließend bei 480 °C bei verschiedenen Zeiten ausgehärtet. Die gemessenen Härtewerte im Bereich des Härteanstiegs und der Ultraschall-Schwächungskoeffizient für 4 MHz zeigen eine eindeutige Korrelation. Als gemeinsame Ursache für die Beeinflussung beider Parameter wird die im Gefüge vorliegende Teilchendichte angesehen. Die Zunahme der Teilchendichte führt zu einer Abnahme des US-Schwächungskoeffizienten. Der erneute Anstieg des US-Schwächungskoeffizienten kann zusätzlich durch die einsetzende Austenitrückbildung beeinflußt werden und wurde daher hier nicht näher untersucht.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 101-109 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A25 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 109-112 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A28 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A32 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 113-120 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations on the Effect of Microstructure on Crack Propagation during Unidirectional Loading of TiAl6V4Fracture mechanics tests were performed with the titanium alloy Ti-6 Al-4 V between -196°C and room temperatur. Crack propagation behaviour was characterized by the K-Δa-curve, KIo at the onset of stable crack extension and by KQ, determined with the 5% secant method. KQ is strongly dependent on the microstructure, whereas there is a less effect on KIo. For a material with a microstructure with a low fracture toughness the value KQ can be increased considerably by vaccum annealing at 750°C. There is only a small decrease of the yield strength.
    Notes: An der Titanlegierung TiAl6V4 wurden Bruchmechanikversuche zwischen -196°C und Raumtemperatur durchgeführt. Die Charakterisierung des Rißausbreitungsverhaltens erfolgte durch die K-Δa-Kurve bzw. durch KIobeim Einsetzen der stabilen Rißverlängerung und KQ, bestimmt mit dem 5% Sekantenverfahren. Die Gefügeausbildung hat einen großen Einfluß auf KQ, der Einfluß auf KIo ist geringer. Bei einem Material mit Gefüge mit niedriger Rißzähigkeit kann KQ durch eine Glühbehandlung bei 750°C im Vakuum beträchtlich erhöht werden. Die Streckgrenze sinkt dabei nur unwesentlich ab.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 176-179 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Shift vectors for the comparison of Cv-T-curvesIt is shown in this paper that a shift in the Cv-T-curves caused by mechanical or thermal treatment, or by irradiation with particles of high energy can be better described by a shift vector given by the inversion points of a functionally determined curve than with the currently used empirical criteria. Moreover, the shift of a whole curve can be described by a vector whose components are the shifts of all parameters used for the calculation of the curve.The resulting vector of a Cv-T-curve may, for instance, be connected functionally with the neutron fluence. This makes it possible to compute shift vectors.
    Notes: In dieser Arbeit wird gezeigt, daß die durch mechanische oder thermische Einwirkung oder durch Bestrahlung mit hochenergetischen Teilchen hervorgerufene Verschiebung von AvT-Kurven durch die Verschiebung des funktionell bestimmten Wendepunktes mit einem Verschiebungsvektor besser beschrieben werden kann als mit den bisher üblichen empirischen Kriterien. Darüber hinaus kann die Verschiebung der gesamten Kurve durch einen Vektor beschrieben werden, dessen Komponenten die Verschiebungen aller zur Berechnung der Kurven verwendeten Parameter sind.Der Ergebnisvektor einer Av-T-Kurve kann z. B. mit der Neutronenfluenz funktionell verknüpft werden. Dies ermöglicht die Berechnung von Verschiebungsvektoren.
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  • 87
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 164-171 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Progresses in the application of plastic compound materialsPlastics possess a number of various properties one cannot find in another material in this combination. Beyond that the desired properties can be reached by compounding several different materials. The best known example is the glass reinforced plastic. The arguments for the application of compound materials are very different: increase of strength and stiffness, cheaper injection moulded parts due to shorter cycle times, thinner wall-thicknesses and therefore less raw material consumption, lower distortion and thermal elongation for technical parts and excellent thermal insulation of the foams.Research on the topic of the bonding between the plastic and the carbon, glass and organic fibres led the way to an ever spreading field of the application of reinforced plastics.
    Notes: Kunststoffe weisen eine Reihe von Eigenschaften auf, die sich in diesen Kombinationen bei keinem anderen Werkstoff finden. Darüber hinaus können durch chemische oder mechanische Verbindungsvorgänge die gewünschten Eigenschaften mehrerer Materialien in einem Werkstoff vereinigt werden. Das bekannteste Beispiel für die mechanischen Verbundwerkstoffe auf Kunststoffbasis ist der glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoff. Die wesentlichen Argumente für den Einsatz von Verbundwerkstoffen sind ganz unterschiedlicher Art: Festigkeits- und Steifigkeitssteigerung, Fertigungskostensenkung durch kürzere Zykluszeiten für das Spritzgußverfahren, größere Formtreue bei Spritzgußteilen aus teilkristallinen Thermoplasten, geringere Wärmedehnung für Maschinenteile, bessere Wärmeisolation z. B. bei Schäumen, geringerer Verbrauch an Kunststoffen durch kleinere Bauteilwanddicken.Durch intensive Forschung und gute Fortschritte auf den Gebieten Haftung zwischen Faser und Kunststoff, Verarbeitbarkeit hochmoduliger Kohle- und Chemiefasern, Festigkeit, Temperatur- und Chemikalienbeständigkeit der Kunststoffe, Verarbeitungstechnologie für Spritzguß, Prepeg- und Naßverarbeitung hat sich der Anwendungsbereich der faserverstärkten Kunststoffe erheblich erweitert.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 180-181 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 181-188 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Seit 1949 hat die industrielle Herstellung von Titan ausgehend von den USA in Europa, Japan und den UdSSR zunehmende Bedeutung gewonnen. Heute zählt der Werkstoff mit einer Erzeugung an Schmelzblöcken von rd. 30 000 jato in der westlichen Welt zu den Konstruktionswerkstoffen, die in weiten Bereichen der Technik angewandt werden.
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A54 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 263-263 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A65 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A68 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermally Induced Structural Changes in Nickel Composite Coatings
    Notes: Dispersionsschichten werden durch Mitabscheidung von im Elektrolyten suspendierten Feststoffteilchen in eine galvanisch oder chemisch erzeugte Metallmatrix hergestellt. Derartige Teilchenverbundwerkstoffe werden in verschiedenen technischen Anwendungsfällen eingesetzt und haben sich bewährt. Die wohl am häufigsten verwendete Schicht besteht aus Ni-SiC. Beim Einsatz dieser Schicht im Bereich höherer Temperaturen ist mit Veränderungen der Schichteigenschaften zu rechnen. Bei der Auswahl der Ni-SiC-Schicht für bestimmte Anwendungen müssen derartige thermisch bedingte Eigenschaftsänderungen berücksichtigt werden.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 316-321 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Dynamic strength variationThe Weibull probability function or the arcsin √P distribution suffices for description purposes provided that considerations are confined to failure or survival probabilities between 20 and 80%. Beyond these limits more sophisticated analysis of the test results - as too in the case of the design engineer when estimating the statistically induced component of the safety margin - must make use of more realistic distribution functions.
    Notes: Zu ihrer Beschreibung genügt die Weibullsche Wahrscheinlichkeitsfunktion oder auch die arcsin P-Verteilung nur, solange man sich auf Ausfall- oder Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeiten zwischen 20 und 80% beschränkt. Jenseits dieser Grenzen muß sich die anspruchsvollere Analyse der Versuchsergebnisse - wie auch der Konstrukteur bei der Abschätzung der statistisch bedingten Komponente der Sicherheitsspanne - wirklichkeitsnäherer Verteilungsfunktionen bedienen.
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  • 99
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 310-315 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Carbon Fibre Reinforced Al2O3 and MulliteThe hydrolysis process from metalalkoxides has been investigated to prepare carbon fibre reinforced Al2O3 and mullite composites. Carbon fibres (SIGRAFIL HF with 10,000 monofilaments) were im pregnated with metalalkoxides (Al-tri-sec-butylate to form Al(OH)3, mixtures of tetramethoxy-silan and Al-tri-sec-butylate to form mullite), hydrated in air and hot-pressed in a graphite mold at about 1700 °C, 10 min. Beside this also the preparation of composites with chopped fibres is described. The mechanical properties were measured in a three point bending test. Composite material with more than 10 vol% fibres show plastic deformation with matrix cracking during testing. For Al2O3 an additional SiC-interlayer (0.5-1 μm SiC by a CVD-process from CH3SiCl3 and H2 at 1280 °C) is necessary to obtain a bonding between fibre and matrix. Only in this case with fibre content higher 10% it is possible to increase the fexural strength of Al2O3. The strength values lie on a line with 60% of the fibre strength. The rule of mixture cannot be applied for Al2O3 as matrix. Low fibre contents decrease the flexural strength. It appeares that in this case the Al2O3 matrix is damaged before testing. But with mullite as matrix the measured values of flexural strength lie on a line which is 65% of the rule of mixture. This is caused by a relative good bonding between fibre and matrix and is independend of an additional SiC-interlayer. The Young-modulus of Al2O3 is drastically decreased with 10% carbon fibre content (for mullite matrix: 28 vol%). It was possible to calculate the beginning of the formation of cracks in the Al2O3 matrix caused by the mismatch of the components. This value does agree with the measured decrease of Young-modulus. The toughness of both materials measured by the critical intensity factor KICV (for a composite material) with notched speciments (0.1 mm notch width) is increased with fibre content. (These KICV-values are a function of notch length and width in a range of the probable error and therefore the uncorrected values are considered). For Al2O3 matrix the KICV-values increase only if SiC-scoated fibres are used. For mullite as a matrix KICV increases with fibre content for both of the SiC coated and uncoated fibre composites. With higher fibre volume than 50% the values decrease because the interspace between the fibres is not filled with matrix. The increased KICV for these composites compared to that of the matrix alone can be explaned by energy absorption at the fibre-matrix interface. In the case of mullite matrix this mechanical behaviour is caused by a good bonding between the components. Therefore the fracture energy of these mullite composites is drastically increased with fibre content. This means that a strong mullite material with good toughness is formed. These properties are a function of the preparation method. The hydrolysis process formes a very fine grain starting material, which formes a relative dense mullite by reaction sintering between the carbon fibre monofilaments. During this reaction also a good bonding between the fibres and the matrix is formed.
    Notes: Die Hydrolyse von Metallalkoxyden (Al-tri-sec-butylat und Methylsilanester) läßt sich zur Herstellung von kohlenstoffaserverstärkten Al2O3- und Mullit-Verbundwerkstoffen heranziehen. Hierbei zeigte es sich, daß für Al2O3-Matrix eine zusätzliche SiC-Zwischenschicht die Haftung zwischen Faser und Matrix verbessert. Die hergestellten Verbundwerkstoffe zeigen deutlich verbesserte Werte für die Bruchzähigkeit.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 332-336 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Material - Design - Production
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