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  • Chemical Engineering  (460)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (460)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1981  (460)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A branched pore kinetic model for activated carbon adsorption (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 26-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A branched pore kinetic model for aqueous phase activated carbon adsorption is presented in which the carbon particle is separated into rapidly and slowly diffusing regions. The model was developed to overcome problems arising from a single rate parameter analysis and is shown to describe experimental data well. In addition to very different rates of transport in the two regions, parameters estimated by regression analysis indicated differences in the adsorptive characteristics.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270106
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-liquid-solid reactor design, Y. T. Shah, McGraw-Hill; 373 pages; $44.00; January, 1979 (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 316-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270224
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A review of process synthesis (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 321-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Process synthesis is the step in design where the chemical engineer selects the component parts and how to interconnect them to create his flowsheet. This paper reviews the rapidly growing process synthesis literature of over 190 articles, almost all of which have been produced in the last decade.The paper first introduces the nature of the synthesis problem and outlines the variety of approaches which have appeared to solve aspects of it. The problems include developing a representation, a means to evaluate alternatives, and a strategy to search the almost infinitely large space of possible alternatives. As the article demonstrates, effective solutions are very dependent on the nature of the synthesis problem being addressed.The article covers in detail the following five synthesis topics: chemical reaction paths, separation systems, heat exchanger networks, complete flowsheets, and control systems. Readily apparent are the development of industrially significant insights to aid in the design of heat exchanger networks. Reasonable progress exists in the synthesis of separation systems based on nearly ideal distillation technology and in the development of computer aids by chemists for reaction path synthesis leading to desired complex organic molecules. More work is needed for the remaining areas to become industrially significant.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270302
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser doppler anemometry measurements in gas-solid flows (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 358-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) was used for the simultaneous measurement of the gas and particle velocities in a gas-solid, two-phase flow. The flow configuration consists of an air jet at ambient temperature in which a spherical glass powder of a mean particle diameter of 97.0 or 13.7 μm was injected from one side using a secondary air jet. Both principal and secondary jets were also seeded with talcum powder with a mean particle diameter of about 1 μm which served as a tracer.The probability density distribution function (PDF) of the LDA output showed two distinct peaks corresponding to the particle and gas velocities. As the particles were accelerated by the flow, the slip velocity between the gas and the particles decreased causing the gap between these two peaks to narrow. The measured mean particle velocity profiles were in agreement with the predictions of a theoretical model.The objectives of the present investigation was to obtain experimental data on the dependence of the particle trajectories and their mean velocities on the injection conditions in a free jet stream. The principal question, however, was whether such data could be obtained using Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA). In other words, whether LDA could be effectively used in two-phase flow systems for the simultaneous measurement of the gas and particle velocities? Obviously, the answer to this last question can affect far beyond this particular study and more than justified the effort for this detailed investigation. It should be pointed out that, while LDA has been known for sometime, and the necessary equipments for an LDA system are available on a commercial bases, relatively little attention has been given to its application to other than single-phase, fluid-flow measurements.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270304
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow mechanism of adsorbate through porous media in presence of capillary condensation (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 271-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The flow mechanism of adsorbable gas through the porous adsorbent in the presence of capillary condensation is interpreted, and a new transport model is derived by separately taking into account the hopping behavior of adsorbed molecules in the adsorbed phase and the viscous flow of capillary condensate. Surface flow coefficients including the contribution of capillary flow calculated with this model agree with published experimental data.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270214
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SO2 absorption into aqueous solutions (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 292-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The absorption rate of SO2 from a gas mixture of SO2 and N2 into pure water, HCl, and NaCl solutions has been measured at 25°C in a continuous stirred vessel with an unbroken gas-liquid interface. The rates of the liquid-phase mass transfer are accurately modeled by the theory of surface renewal with the instantaneous, reversible hydrolysis of dissolved SO2. The theory and results are applicable to SO2 absorption from waste gases.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270217
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A group contribution molecular model of liquids and solutions: II. Groups and their interactions in water and aqueous solutions of paraffins, ketones, and alcohols (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 303-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270220
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secondary nucleation of citric acid due to fluid forces in a Couette flow crystallizer (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 312-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270222
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minimum reflux conditions, part I: TheoryThis paper was presented in preliminary form by K. E. Bennett and R. P. Andres at the AIChE 82nd National Meeting; in its present form by K. Nandakumar and R. P. Andres at the AIChE 88th National Meeting. (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 450-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a new formulation of the infinite plate or minimum reflux limit of a multicomponent distillation column. Based on this model, two new calculation methods are developed. The first is a short-cut method which extends Underwood's classic minimum reflux treatment to variable molar overflow situations. The second is a rigorous method which is similar to a multicomponent flash calculation and represents a significant computational advance over other rigorous methods.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270314
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A single, particle-size model for sulfur retention in fluidized bed coal combustors (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 472-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A reactor model is presented to calculate the sulfur retention and SO2 emission of a fluidized-bed coal combustor with absorption of SO2 by limestone or dolomite. It is based on the two-phase theory of fluidization and a two parameter simplified rate expression for the sulfation reaction. Both parameters can be determined by experimental reaction rate measurements. In the overall reactor model, an average size is assumed for all the stone particles in the bed. Sulfur retention is found to be dependent on only three dimensionless parameters. Comparisons with experimental measurements indicated that the model predicts satisfactorily the dependence of sulfur retention on the Ca/S ratio, sulfur content of the coal, excess air, gas residence time, and sorbent type.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270317
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid-Liquid dispersion in turbulent couette flow (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 495-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A dimensionless dispersion number was developed to characterize liquid-liquid dispersions created in turbulent Couette flow with respect to their subsequent coalescence in a settling zone. For a given solvent pair and continuous phase, the dispersion number is relatively constant over a wide range of operating and dimensional parameters. Because of this, the dispersion number can be used for the design and scale-up of liquid extraction equipment with discrete stages.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270320
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “Fine structure” of the CSTR parameter space (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 514-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270323
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between data of adsorption from binary and multicomponent liquid mixtures on solid surfaces (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 524-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270327
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    II: Discrimination among rival reaction models (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 489-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The discrimination of the fast second-order, pseudo-first-order and fast pseudo-first-order reaction models on the basis of the second-order reaction model justifies the use of the pseudo-first-order model in the prediction of the multiplicity regions. The use of the fast second-order reaction model leads to a certain pitfall regarding uniqueness and multiplicity. Finally, the use of the fast pseudo-first-order reaction model is justifiable not only because of the fair agreement between the multiplicity regions predicted by this model and the second-order model but also because of the analyticity of the uniqueness and multiplicity regions obtained by this model.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270319
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intermixing over cell boundary between taylor vortices (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 504-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rate of exchange of fluid elements between Taylor vortices was experimentally determined for low axial flow rates. A model was formulated defining the exchange coefficient appropriate for this flow system. In the laminar vortex flow region, the measured exchange coefficient increases with Re but is almost independent of Ta.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270321
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bounds on the variation of K-value with various true boiling point fractions resulting from the pseudo-component approximation: Application to a h2-coal liquid system (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 516-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270324
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric oxide gas absorption in a limestone packed column (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 518-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270325
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    Safety in process plant design by G. L. Wells, john wiley and sons inc., 276 pages, $59.95 (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 526-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270329
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    Interpretation of surface flow phenomenon of adsorbed gases by hopping model (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 262-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mechanism of surface flow of adsorbing gas molecules through the porous adsorbent is interpreted, and a new hopping model is derived by separately taking into account the hopping behaviors of monolayer and multilayer molecules. The reported experimental results containing the data measured here are correlated well. Finally, some considerations are given to the two experimental constants appearing in the model.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270213
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Connection between relative gain and control loop stability and design (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 613-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The objective of this paper is to point out the relationship between the relative gain array (RGA) and control system stability and design. Rigorous stability limits are presented for a general 2 × 2 system for several cases involving both steady state and dynamic interactions. These stability limits explicity involve the RGA. Two specific examples of interaction in distillation models are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270412
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the possible existence of concentration stability effects within a continuous well-mixed reactor when a solid catalyzed liquid to gas reaction occurs (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 301-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270219
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Employment of vapor pressure data in the description of vapor-liquid equilibrium with direct method (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 673-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A procedure for inserting vapor pressure data in the equations of state is presented. It provides a straightforward scheme for the extension of direct methods to the study of phase equilibria of polar mixtures and of solutions containing nonvolatile electrolytes. Some examples of application are also given.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270420
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
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    Analysis of control-output interactions in dynamic systems (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 690-693 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A general theory for examining the dynamic as well as static interactions among inputs and outputs in a multivariable control system has been developed. Both state space and frequency domain approaches are used, and at steady state the interaction equations assume the same form as the relative gain array developed by Bristol. Implications of selecting input-output pairings with regard to steady state vs. dynamic consideration are discussed. The application of the method of analysis to a distillation column control system is presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270423
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  • 24
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    Laminar condensation heat and mass transfer to a moving drop (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 372-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents numerical solutions to the nonlinear, coupled boundary-layer equations governing laminar condensation heat and mass transfer in the vicinity of the forward stagnation point of a spherical cold water droplet translating in a saturated mixture of three components. The environment surrounding the droplet is composed of a condensable (steam), a noncondensable and nonabsorbable (air), and a third component which is noncondensable but absorbable (Elemental Iodine, for example). The dispersed and the continuous phases have been treated simultaneously. Results obtained here show excellent agreement with experimental results where available. An important conclusion is that for laminar condensation on a freely falling droplet, for a given thermal driving force and noncondensable gas concentration in the bulk, the dimensionless heat transfer decreases with increasing saturation temperature of the outside medium.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270306
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  • 25
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    Pressure fluctuations in a fluidized bed (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 388-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An on-line statistical study of the pressure fluctuations in fluidized beds was conducted by using pressure transducers, a correlation and probability analyzer and a Fourier transform analyzer. The causes of the fluctuations were explored, and the effects of the gas velocity, bed height, particle size and distributor design on the major frequency and amplitude of the fluctuations were investigated. The results indicate that the motion of bubbles appears to be the major cause of the pressure fluctuations in the upper portion of a fluidized bed. In the lower portion, the combined effects of the formation of large bubbles in the middle portion of the bed, the formation of small bubbles near the distributor, and the jet flow immediately above the distributor appear to be the major causes of pressure fluctuations.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270308
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  • 26
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    Studies in reaction path synthesis (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 429-442 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The development of processes requires the consideration of a wide variety of reactions which are required to transform raw materials into desired products, solve separation problems, and heat or cool process streams. These reactions have to be evaluated on the basis of raw material costs, kinetics, potential separation difficulties, catalyst costs, safety and reliability, as well as other factors that would arise in their industrial implementation. In this paper, the current status of research in reaction path synthesis has been reviewed. Details have been presented on the REACT program that has been developed for the synthesis of reaction paths for industrial organic chemicals.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270312
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  • 27
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    Part II: Numerical solution (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 460-465 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two new algorithms for calculating minimum reflux conditions in multicomponent distillation columns are described. Both algorithms are based on the continuum model for an infinite stage column proposed by Nandakumar and Andres. Several example problems demonstrate the accuracy and computational efficiency of the new algorithms.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270315
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  • 28
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    Steady-State uniqueness and multiplicity of nonadiabatic gas-liquid CSTRs, part I: Second-order reaction model (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 481-489 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Steady-state behavior of a non-adiabatic gas-liquid CSTR is classified applying a second-order reaction model without any limitation on the reaction regime. Uniqueness and multiplicity regions are determined in the parameter space of reactivity versus liquid residence time, with the ignition and extinction points explicitly shown. An isola with five steady states is found possible for the adiabatic reactor; however, even a small heat loss reduces the number of steady states to three.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270318
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  • 29
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    Gas backmixing in large fluidized beds containing tube assemblies (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 509-514 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270322
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    Calculation of critical points from cubic two-constant equations of state (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 521-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270326
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    Introduction to chemical process technology by P. J. v. d. Berg and W. A. Dejong, Delft university press, D. Reidel publishing co. 1980, pp. 309, $26.00 (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 526-526 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270328
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    Letters to the editor (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 527-528 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270332
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    Steady flow through porous media (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 529-545 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The increasing demands for oil, water, and food produced in an environmentally sound manner have placed emphasis on the manner of their production, a major part of which is concerned with flow through porous media.The movement of materials through porous media is of interest in many disciplines: in chemical engineering - adsorption, chromatography, filtration, flow in packed columns, ion exchange, reactor-engineering; in petroleum engineering - displacement of oil with gas, water and miscible solvents including surface-active agent solutions and description of reservoirs; in hydrology - movement of trace pollutants in water systems, recovery of water for drinking and irrigation, salt water encorachment into fresh water reservoirs; in soil physics - movement of water, nutrients, and pollutants into plants; in biophysics - life processes such as flow in the lung and the kidney.This paper reviews the fundamentals of steady flow through porous media: it discusses the pseudotransport coefficients permeability, capillary pressure, and dispersion and relates these coefficients to the geometry of porous media. It also discusses single-fluid flow, multifluid immiscible flow, and multifluid miscible flow including the effects of heterogeneity, nonuniformity, and anisotropy of media.
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    Convective solids settling induced by a buoyant phase (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 588-592 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Quantitative measurements of the effect of a third phase of buoyant solid particles on the settling rates of suspensions of heavy particles are reported. It is found that for a wide range of concentration of both buoyant and heavy particles, the settling rates of both solid phases are greatly increased. If the phases are dilute, the settling velocities of both are retarded. The total settling time of heavy particles can be halved, but only under conditions that the light phase is unaccelerated. This suggests that small gas bubbles would form a more satisfactory buoyant phase. The high concentrations of thickened suspensions which result from the acceleration process are also reported.
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    Solubilities of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and nitrogen mixtures in methanol (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 605-613 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Previously published data for the six binary combinations that can be formed from CO2, H2S, N2 and methanol are used to obtain parameters of the four-suffix Margules equation describing liquid solution behavior. The vapor phase is described by the Soave modification of the Redlich-Kwong equation of state. Isothermal binary data are fit well by these equations. The effects of temperature on the Margules parameters are significant and, except for N2-containing mixtures, the parameters were taken to be inversely proportional to absolute temperature.Experimental data were obtained for multicomponent mixtures of CO2, H2S, N2 and methanol. Model predictions were tested against these data. Comparisons of predicted and measured values of bubble point pressure and equilibrium vapor compositions are satisfactory.
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    Estimation of activity coefficients in concentrated sulfite-sulfate solutions (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 619-626 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The electrolyte theory of Pitzer and coworkers is used to estimate geometric mean-ion activity coefficients in strong electrolyte solutions at 25-55°C. By using Pitzer's equations with ion-pair parameters estimated in this paper, one can calculate activity coefficients to moderately high ionic strengths in aqueous mixtures containing the following ions: Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, ClO3-, ClO4-, HCO3-, HSO3-, CO32-, SO42-, SO32-, and S2O52-. Mixtures containing these ions are present in CaO/CaSO4 flue gas desulfurization units and in laboratory experiments aimed at understanding the chemistry occurring in such units. The computed activity coefficients are relatively insensitive to the values of the estimated quantities. The basis of the estimates, as well as their effect on calculated activity coefficients, is discussed. It is concluded that activity coefficients are estimated with an accuracy of ±25% or better.
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    Diffusivity and solubility of carbondioxide in diluted polymer solutions (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 626-631 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Diffusion coefficients of CO2 in aqueous Newtonian solutions of polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol with molecular weights varying from 1500 to 100,000 were obtained from absorption rate measurements in a wetted-wall column and the CO2 solubilities determined independently. The exponent A of the diffusivity-viscosity relation is found to be a strong function of the molecular weight of the applied polymer. The data suggest the following correlation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ (D/D_0) = (\mu /\mu _0) ^{-3.7\sqrt {M_0 /M_P}} $$\end{document} which indicates that the exponent may vary from 0.04 to 0.4 for the solutions studied.
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    Hydrogenolysis and hydrogenation of dibenzothiophene catalyzed by sulfided CoO-MoO3/γ-Al2O3: The reaction kinetics (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 663-673 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270419
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    Multistage membrane separation processes for the continuous fractionation of solutes having similar permeabilities (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 904-912 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new cascade configuration for the continuous membrane fractionation of solutes having similar permeabilities is proposed. In this scheme, solute selectivity is amplified by combining a concentrator and several mass exchangers (e.g., a reverse osmosis unit and hollow fiber dialyzers) to achieve a desired degree of separation. Separation efficiency of the new cascade is compared with that of a conventional counter-current cascade.
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    Coke deposition in the thermal cracking of ethane (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 946-951 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A novel experimental setup allowed both the kinetics of the thermal cracking of ethane and of the coke formation to be studied over a temperature range extending from 750 to 870°C. The overall kinetics of ethane disappearance are in excellent agreement with previously reported pilot results. Coking rates are initially high but rapidly decrease to reach an asymptotic value. The initial product distribution also differs from the asymptotic product distribution. A kinetic model for the coking is derived from the experiments and used in conjunction with a set of conservation equations for the simulation of industrial ethane cracking. The predicted run length, thickness of the coke layer and evolution of the tubeskin temperatures are in agreement with industrial observations.
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    Letters to the editor (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 701-701 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270428
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    Wall effects in laminar flow of fluids through packed beds (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 705-715 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model which accounts for the effect of a confining wall and the resulting voidage variations near it on the flow behavior in packed columns is proposed.The model, which is restricted to columns randomly packed with spheres of uniform size, reasonably describes the pressure drop-flow rate relationship for both linear and non-Newtonian fluids. The mass flux distribution is also studied in order to provide an insight into processes in which the flow behavior near the wall may be important.
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    Exact calculation methods for systems of interlinked columns. Part I: Separation of binary heterogeneous azeotropes (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 733-739 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model and iterative correction algorithm are described for the exact solution of separation systems which contain interlinked columns in which some stages have two liquid phases and others have a vapor and liquid phase. The correction algorithm is based on Newton's method and provides for simultaneous correction of all iteration variables. The derivatives are calculated analytically from the model equations. The separation of a binary mixture which forms a heterogeneous azeotrope is analyzed. Modifications to the correction algorithm which provide for fixed condenser temperature and fixed product flows are described. The separation of butanol and water is used to illustrate the method.
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    Measurement of surface self-diffusion of sulfur dioxide on porous vycor glass by radioisotope tracer method (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 1035-1038 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Estimation of kinetic parameters - initial guess generation method (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 1041-1043 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    Similarity of ideal adsorbed solution and potential theories for adsorption from a bulk phase onto a solid surface (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 1021-1022 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270620
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    Modeling of three phase reactors: A case of oxydesulfurization of coal (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 937-945 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mathematical models have been developed for the design of bubble column slurry reactors, wherein the solids take part in the reaction and follow the shrinking core model. The cases of liquid film control, ash diffusion control, and chemical reaction control have been analyzed. Experiments were performed in a 22.2 mm i.d. continuous cocurrent bubble column slurry reactor for the removal of pyritic sulfur by oxidation from aqueous slurries of Upper Freeport, Lower Freeport, Kentucky No. 9, and Pittsburgh seam coals, in the temperature range of 430-480°K at 6.8 MPa total pressure. The theoretical predictions are found to be in good agreement with experimental results.
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    Optimal operation of integrated processing systems. Part I: Open-loop on-line optimizing control (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 960-968 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new algorithm for the continuous tracking of the optimal economic operating conditions of an integrated chemical plant has been developed. The method does not make use of fundamental models of the plant but is based on an on-line search using experimental moves of the independent variables. The results of these moves provide the data for the identification of a dynamic process model. This model allows one to determine the gradient of the objective function and thus guides the next move of the independent variable eventually leading to the optimum. The advantages of the new technique over other methods are demonstrated in simulation examples: (1)The speed of tracking is equally fast or faster than the relaxation speed of the system after a step change.(2)The noise insensitivity allows safe tracking of the optimum despite significant measurement errors. As a key feature a decentralized form of the algorithm is developed making it suitable for distributed microprocessor implementation.
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    On the temperature dependence of ASOG parameters for VLE calculations (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 1022-1024 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Masthead (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981) 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Distribution equilibrium between a bulk phase and small pores (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 51-59 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The pore-bulk distribution coefficient K for a solute species is calculated by modelling the solute molecules as hard spheres. K is expanded in a virial-type series in powers of the bulk-phase concentration. The leading term is the Henry's law constant. The next two coefficients are reported for three pore shapes.
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    Bacterial population dynamics in batch and continuous-flow microbial reactors (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 73-81 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Calculations of the distribution of states in cell populations grown in well-mixed, isothermal batch and continuous flow reactors are presented. By restricting the analysis to a class of bacteria for which cell division control may be modeled using overlapping timers, analytical results are obtained for many cell population characteristics in terms of the growth rate history. This required growth rate trajectory is evaluated using a separate overall reactor model. The simulation results conform qualitatively to available experimental data and suggest new experiments for further testing of the single-cell model.
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    Drop size and continuous-phase mass transfer in agitated vessels (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 99-111 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Continuous-phase mass transfer coefficients and drop sizes in agitated vessels are correlated with operating variables and physical properties of liquid-liquid systems. In formulating mass transfer coefficients, a realistic mechanism has been developed, involving periodically varying rates of surface renewal associated with droplet circulation through varying degrees of turbulence around the vessel. Relationships are obtained for optimized design and scale-up.
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    Correlation of solubility of hydrogen in hydrocarbon solvents (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 138-148 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A correlation is developed for the solubility of hydrogen in hydrocarbon solvents at temperatures from 310 to 700 K and pressures to 30 MPa (300 bar). The fugacity of dissolved hydrogen at zero pressure is correlated as a function of solubility parameter and temperature. The high-pressure fugacity is obtained upon applying a Poynting factor for which the required partial molal volume of hydrogen is also correlated in terms of solubility parameter and temperature. The Henry constant of hydrogen is included in the correlation. The correlated results are compared with experimental data for 22 systems of binary and ternary solutions and five narrow-boiling cuts of coal liquids. The overall average absolute deviation for all systems studied is approximately 6%.
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    A comment on the equation of state by Hirschfelder et al. (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 166-168 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Computer calculations for multicomponent vapour-liquid and liquid-liquid equilibria. J. M. Prausnitz, T. F. Anderson, E. A. Grens, C. A. Eckert, R. Hsieh and J. P. O'Connell, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey (1980), 353 pages, $24.95 (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 173-173 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Gas-phase combustion in fluidized beds (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 59-65 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Kerosine or propane was injected near the base of a small, air-fluidized bed of sand at 940°C. The fraction of fuel burnt within the bed was determined from a heat balance, for various particle sizes, fluidizing velocities, and bed depths.Assuming the initial formation of a train of fuel vapor bubbles, theoretical analysis indicated two stages of combustion: (1) rapid consumption of the oxygen initially between fuel vapor bubbles; (2) slow consumption of oxygen initially outside the fuel vapor region by radial diffusion of oxygen and fuel vapor, analogous to a diffusion flame.Comparison of experiment with theory gave effective radial diffusion coefficients of the same order of magnitude as the molecular diffusion coefficient. It was inferred that combustion occurs largely by a diffusion flame within the bed, with diffusion through the particulate phase being the rate-controlling step. This explains why fuel distribution is so important in attaining efficient combustion.
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    Effective diffusivity by the gas chromatography technique: Analysis and application to measurements of diffusion of various hydrocarbons in zeolite NaY (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 81-91 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The gas chromatography technique was applied to measurements of diffusion of n-butane in zeolite NaY. The linear chromatography theory failed to explain these results quantitatively, and a significant system nonlinearity was demonstrated. This nonlinearity is likely associated with non-Fickian diffusion. Order of magnitude estimates of the diffusivity could still be obtained, however. Over the range of temperatures 105 to 240°C, the n-butane diffusivities were in the range 10-8 to 10-6 cm2/s. Similar results were obtained with n-hexane and calculated diffusivities were about an order of magnitude smaller than the corresponding n-butane values. In contrast, limited experiments with cyclohexane, 2, 2-dimethylbutane, and trans-decalin were entirely consistent with the linear chromatography theory. At the measurement temperatures, the intracrystalline diffusion was too rapid to be detected in any of these systems. Attempts to operate at lower temperatures where diffusion might be significant were frustrated by extensive peak broadening and concomitant loss of detector response.
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    Steady-state multiplicity of a nonadiabatic bubble column with fast reactions (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 111-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A steady-state model is developed for a nonadiabatic bubble column with fast pseudo-nth-order reactions. A priori bounds are obtained for steady-state temperature and conversion, and analytic necessary and sufficient criteria are derived for the prediction of uniqueness and multiplicity of the steady states as a function of system physico-chemical parameters. For the special case of pseudo-first-order reactions, the occurrence of multiple steady states is shown to be more possible in a bubble column than in a gas-liquid CSTR for equivalent system parameters.
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    Design and experimental evaluation of controllers for process undisturbability (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 131-138 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Selected state and/or output variables can be made undisturbable, i.e., invariant, to arbitrary, unmeasured changes in specific input variables by properly designed feedback and feedforward controllers. Simulation and experimental applications to a computer-controlled, pilot plant evaporator gave results superior to conventional controllers.Necessary and sufficient conditions for undisturbability are expressed in terms of the structure of the coefficient matrices of the state space model and equivalently of the corresponding eigenvector matrix. The design procedure normally includes arbitrary specification of all closed-loop eigenvalues and up to r elements of each eigenvector, where r is the number of control (manipulated) variables.
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    Hydrogen permeation through nickel in gas and liquid phase (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 159-162 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Simultaneous measurement of size and velocity of bubbles or drops: A new optical technique (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 148-159 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Accurate information on both the size and velocity of a dispersed phase is of importance to many problems in heat or mass transfer and reaction. Existing experimental methods are limited in their applicability, difficult to use, provide only size or velocity, and are of low statistical reliability. A new method is developed here which overcomes most of these shortcomings and permits accurate simultaneous measurement of the size and two dimensional velocity of the dispersed phase.
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    Correlation of eddy diffusivities for pipe flow (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 170-172 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Heterogeneous catalysis in practice by Charles N. Satterfield, McGraw-Hill Book Company, May 1980, 416 pages; $26.95 (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 174-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270129
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    Masthead (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981) 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    A threshold phenomenon in coating porous surfaces with aerosols. Applications to antitranspirant delivery (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 309-312 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    AIChE goes metric (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 1-4 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    Suboptimal stochastic control of a continuous latex reactor (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 13-20 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A suboptimal control algorithm is derived for a continuous latex reactor subject to deterministic and stochastic disturbances to control the pathological behavior of the reactor. An extended Kalman filter based on an instantaneous local linearization technique is used to estimate the reactor states, and a quadratic performance index is used to derive the suboptimal feedback control law. This study successfully demonstrates the application of the multivariable control theory to the control of a simulated continuous latex reactor operating under limit-cycle conditions. The mathematical model used for the control studies was previously developed and has been shown to describe the performance of an actual reactor system extremely well over its entire range of operation.
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    Kinetics of selective oxidation of toluene and methanol over supported V2O5-alkalimetal sulfates (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 41-51 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The catalytic activity of supported V2O5-alkalimetal sulfate catalysts was studied by oxidizing toluene and methanol to aldehydes and water. An isothermal, fixed-bed reactor, operating at atmospheric pressure and temperatures of 320, 345, and 370°C, was used to obtain the reaction rate data for different partial pressure combinations of the reaction components of these two systems. Three different approaches, Langmuir-Hinshelwood, Hinshelwood, and two-step redox mechanisms, have been used to study the kinetics, with statistical data interpretation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Oxygen mass transfer in bubble columns working at large gas and liquid flow rates (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 66-73 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: One of the most persistent obstacles in the study of oxygen mass transfer in bubble columns is the technical difficulty of using large liquid and gas flow rates economically. This experimental limitation is reflected in the present, very incomplete, understanding of the mass transfer characteristics of these two-phase systems. In this work, a new experimental technique has been developed and used.The use of computer-calculated concentration contour diagrams permitted a detailed study of the mass transfer characteristics of the zone near the distributor. No similar study has been reported in the literature until now. The ability of the axial dispersion and two-zone models to describe the experimental data is analyzed.Finally, liquid side volumetric mass transfer coefficients have been calculated for both models. The results indicate that KLa increases, often linearly, with the superficial gas velocity. Furthermore, for the liquid-phase range [0, 10] cm/s, KLa had a minimum at Vl ∼ 7.5 cm/s. For larger liquid superficial velocities, an increase in KLa was found. These observations were valid for the axial dispersion (ADM), plug flow (PFM) and two-zone (T-ZM) models.
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    Effect of chemical modifiers on borax crystal growth, nucleation and habit (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 92-99 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects on the fine-crystal CSD of various surface active and ionic additives were studied for the sodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax) system. The organic modifiers used were effective at the ppm level. Surface active agents inhibited nucleation rate, while ionic additives increased nucleation. A simultaneous reduction in both the linear-crystal growth rate and the degree of polycrystalline growth was observed in both cases. These effects correlated with modifier concentration in the liquor, but not with modifier/solids ratio. Borax exhibits classical magma and RPM-dependent secondary nucleation and the results were well-correlated with a conventional power-law kinetic model.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    Effect of external diffusion on deactivation rates (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 125-131 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Alteration in concentration-independent catalyst decay rates due to the presence of finite external and internal mass transfer resistances is examined. Analytical expressions for external and overall time-dependent catalytic effectiveness are developed. Analysis of diffusion-limited catalyst deactivation in flow reactors is discussed.
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    Diffusional influences on deactivation rates (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 120-125 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The interrelation between internal diffusion and concentration-independent deactivation is examined using a simple mathematical model. Analytical procedures are developed for evaluating the performance of single catalyst particles in the presence of diffusion and deactivation. By incorporating time-dependent effectiveness factors in design equations, reactor performance under the combined influence of diffusion and deactivation is predicted. By analogy to the effectiveness factor for non-deactivating systems, the concept of a deactivation effectiveness factor is introduced.
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    Interlinked, multistaged separators with nonstandard specifications solved by the Newton-Raphson method (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 163-166 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Measurement of fluid resistance correction factor for a sphere moving through a viscous fluid toward a plane surface (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 168-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Principles of unit operations, 2nd Edition, A. S. Foust, L. A. Wenzel, C. W. Clump, L. Maus and L. B. Anderson, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1980). 768 pages. $31.95 (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 173-173 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270127
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    Computation of phase and chemical equilibrium, part IV: Approach to chemical equilibrium (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 466-471 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Rand algorithm for calculation of compositions in phase and chemical equilibrium is extended to permit specifications of extents of reactions that cannot be taken at equilibrium. Pseudo-Gibbs free energies of formation are introduced to permit specification of temperature approaches. The extended algorithm is demonstrated for methane reforming.
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    Errata (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 527-528 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270331
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    Properties of bismuth oxide catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation dimerization of propylene (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 545-551 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The electronic properties of bismuth oxide shed light on the mechanism of its catalytic activity for the oxidative dehydrogenation dimerization of propylene. Variations in the electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power, as the gas phase contacting a pellet of this p-type semiconductor was changed, provided information about the nature of species adsorbed at reaction temperature.
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    High gradient magnetic filtration of fine particles from a gas stream (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 193-202 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dust particles originally generated by two steelmaking processes were dispersed in an air stream and passed through a pilot-scale high gradient magnetic filter. In accordance with theoretical predictions, the experimental results showed that collection was improved by increasing the depth or density of the steel wool filter, increasing the applied magnetic field, or decreasing the filtration velocity. Collection efficiency increased with particle size up to about 2 μm, above which the efficiency tapered off, apparently due to reentrainment effects. Collection efficiencies of greater than 99% were obtained, indicating that high gradient magnetic filtration may be a practical method of controlling particulate emission from processes in the iron and steel industry.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    Regeneration of powdered activated carbon. Part I. Thermal decomposition kinetics (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 213-220 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Kinetics of thermal regeneration of powdered activated carbon containing adsorbed sucrose was studied from 298 to 1033 K. Most of the data were obtained (by measuring mass vs. time of spent carbon samples) in a thermal gravimetric apparatus. The regeneration process was interpreted in terms of a two-step process: (1) low-temperature decomposition to an adsorbed intermediate and gaseous products; and (2) a higher temperature decomposition of adsorbed intermediate into adsorbed residual carbon and gaseous products.Surface area measurements indicated that most of the original carbon surface, but not all, could be recovered by thermal (with inert gas) regeneration up to 773 K. If permanent loss in surface is to be avoided during continued, cyclical use of the carbon, reaction with an oxidizing gas would be required after thermal regeneration.
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    Waterborne coatings: Emulsion and water-soluble paints by Charles R. Martens, Van Nostrand Reinhold, october 1980, 316 pages, $22.50 (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 526-526 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270330
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    Effect of fluid drag on low reynolds number discharge of solids from a circular orifice (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 593-598 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A dimensionless solids flowrate for discharge from an orifice in the bottom of a containing vessel is shown to be a function of a parameter that measures the importance of fluid drag to particle inertia. The analysis assumes a linear relation between presure gradient and slip velocity and compares favorably to experiment within its supposed region of applicability for three experimental situations: the self-induced, air-impeded discharge of fine particles from a conical hopper; the discharge of particles from a sealed egg-timer-like vessel; and the air-assisted discharge of particles through an orifice.
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    An experimental investigation of stability and multiplicity of steady states in a biological reactor (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 284-292 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The existence of multiple stable and unstable steady states in a continuous stirred tank biological reactor (CSTBR) was demonstrated experimentally for the first time. These experiments resulted in the determination of growth rate, yield and intermediate metabolite concentration data entirely from continuous culture. This information was used to qualitatively interpret the stability behavior in terms of the biochemistry and bioenergetics of substrate metabolism.
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    Slow migration of a gas bubble in a thermal gradient (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 646-654 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The steady migration velocity of a gas bubble placed in a liquid with a linear temperature field in the absence of gravity is obtained for small Marangoni Numbers using a matched asymptotic expansion procedure for solving the governing equations. A result good to 0(NMa2) is obtained, and in the limiting case of zero Marangoni Number, the results of Young, Goldstein and Block are recovered.
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    Heterogeneous catalysis in practice by Charles N. Satterfield, McGraw-Hill Company, May 1980; 416 pages; $26.95 (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 316-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270223
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    Masthead (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270301
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    Forces on immersed tubes in fluidized beds (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 351-357 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The external forces imparted by the bed material on tubes in a fluidized bed contribute to failure of the tubes and their support systems. The objective of this investigation was to provide data on tube forces to be used in structural design. Forces on tubes of various lengths were measured in fluidized beds operating at room temperature. The parameters varied in the experiments were superficial gas velocity and tube array height above the gas distributor. The force-time histories consisted of a series of pulses, whose magnitudes were approximately linearly proportional to tube length. Spectral analyses of the time series indicated that the primary frequency composition of the load was below 25 Hz.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270303
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    Masthead (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270501
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    Exclusive tear sets for flowsheets (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 725-732 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new implicit enumeration algorithm locates the minimum weighted tear sets among those which belong to the nonredundant families of Upadhye and Grens (1975). Theoretical developments support the algorithm and give a new insight relating nonredundancy to the tearing of unit loops in a flowsheet. If all loops can be torn exactly one time, the nonredundant family is unique and a member of it is trivial to find. If not possible, two or more nonredundant families exist and the above algorithm discerns among them, picking a tear set which minimizes the maximum number of times any unit loop is torn.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270504
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  • 91
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    Diffusion and reaction in a stagnant boundary layer about a carbon particle, part 7: Transient behavior and effect of water vapor (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 679-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dynamics of carbon combustion is studied. It is shwon that the carbon particle will not ignite if the furnace temperature is below a certain critical value. In addition, carbon particles display thermal instabilities which can be delayed or eliminated by increasing the water vapor concentration and/or the furnance temperature.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270421
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    Studies in the synthesis of control structures for chemical processes. Part V: Design of steady-state optimizing control structures for integrated chemical plantsParts I, II, and III of this paper appeared in AIChE J., 26, 220-260 (1980), and Part IV was published in AIChE J., 26, 975 (1980). (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 779-793 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper addresses the question of how to design the steady-state optimizing control system for a large scale interconnected chemical plant. The integrated design approach is structured within the framework of the hierarchical control theory and is based on the concepts of constraint control, hierarchical decomposition and nonlinear mathematical programming. Theoretical developments lead to the generation of alternative operational policies of practical value. An imbedded branch and bound screening strategy is given to select the best policy, which will be implemented on-line by the optimizing plant controllers. The general design approach has the broad applicability to any interconnected large scale system, and its application is demonstrated on a gasoline polymerization plant.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270512
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    Revision of kynch sedimentation theory (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 823-829 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Much of the theory of gravity sedimentation has been based on the work of Coe and Clevenger (1916) and Kynch (1952). They provided methods for obtaining rates of sedimentation in batch, static tests which are presently used for design of continuous thickeners. Kynch assumed that a first order partial differential equation controlled the entire sedimentation process. His equation was based on: (1) continuity balance; and (2) sedimentation velocity being a unique function of solid particulate concentration. A general solution was presented in the form of volume fraction of solids φs = f(x - vt). During the constant rate fall of the upper interface, the boundary condition of uniform initial concentration combines with the Kynch equations to adequately describe the sedimentation phenomena. Kynch ignored the sediment rising from the bottom of the settling chamber, and assumed that the characteristics y = x - vt originated at the origin of coordinates (height, time) during the first falling rate period. The characteristics actually originate at the surface of the rising sediment where the upward liquid velocity affects the rate of fall of the particulates. New equations have been derived based upon the assumption that the characteristics emanate from the rising sediment.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270517
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    Adsorption rates for sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in beds of activated carbon (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 840-842 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270520
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    Simultaneous reactions of CO, NO and O2 in a tubular reactor (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 848-851 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270523
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    On the short-residence time hydropyrolysis of single coal particles: The effect of unequal diffusivities (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 859-861 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270527
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    A technique for computer simulation of time varying slag flow in a coal gasification reactor (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 869-872 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270531
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    The effect of tube walls on drag coefficients of coaxially placed objects (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 837-840 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270519
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    Characterization and analysis of continuous recycle systems: Part II. CascadePart I of this paper appeared in AIChE J., 25, 873 (1979). (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 829-836 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A general analysis of a cascade of identical recycle units is presented by means of studying the fluid history inside the system. This is an extension of Part I (Mann et al., 1979) in which a single recycle unit was analyzed. The history of a fluid element is expressed in terms of the number of cycles it completes, the time it resides in the system and the total time it resides in a specific section of the system - all are random variables. Concepts from probability theory and stochastic processes are used to derive the number of cycles distribution (NCD), residence time distribution (RTD) and various total regional residence time distributions (TRRTDs) as well as their means and variances. Expressions for the joint distributions of pairs of these random variables are also derived as well as explicit expressions for their covariances and correlation coefficients. Two applications of the results are illustrated: one in analyzing a continuous spouted-bed coating unit and the second in using the cascade as a flexible, physically based multi-parameter flow model.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270518
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    Correlation of hydrogen solubilities in nonpolar solvents based on scaled-particle theory (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 844-848 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270522
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