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  • Chemical Engineering  (394)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (394)
  • 1978  (394)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (394)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240101
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turbulent free convection heat transfer from a flat vertical plate to a power law fluid (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 344-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240226
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow patterns and some holdup experimental data in trickle-bed reactors for foaming, nonfoaming, and viscous organic liquids (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 357-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240230
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction near the grid in fluidized beds (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 364-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240232
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the editor (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 368-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240235
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electroconductivity technique for the measurement of axial variation of holdups in three-phase fluidized beds (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 351-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240228
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A general direct digital control algorithm for a class of linear systems (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 360-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240231
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The critical radius effect with a variable heat transfer coefficient (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 547-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240325
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regimes of fluidization for large particles (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 543-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240324
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas absorption accompanied by a second-order chemical reaction modeled according to the danckwerts surface renewal theory (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 552-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240327
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of draw resonance: Part I. Newtonian fluids (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 418-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Draw resonance in isothermal spinning is explained by using kinematic wave theory. The throughput wave equation and the expression for the throughput wave velocity are derived from the governing equations of the system, that is, the continuity, momentum, and constitutive equations. A comparison is made between twice the wave residence time and the threadline residence time from the spinneret to the take-up in order to find the stable and draw resonance regions in terms of the drawdown ratio. For Newtonian fluids, the critical drawdown ratio to cause the onset of draw resonance is 19.744.Part II will deal with draw resonance in the spinning of power law fluids and Maxwell fluids using the same wave theory. Calculation of the draw resonance amplitude when the drawdown ratio exceeds the critical values for Newtonian, power law, and Maxwell fluids will be explained in Part III.To be published at a later date.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240305
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mixing of solids in slugging gas fluidized beds (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 561-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Measurements have been made of axial solids mixing in fluidized beds of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.22 m diameter with a variety of materials at atmospheric pressure. Round nosed slugs, raining slugs, and turbulent bubbling have been investigated. Raining slugs occur with coarser materials. With cracking catalyst round nosed slugs form readily in the smaller diameter beds, but in the largest bed, breakdown to the turbulent state was normal. A model has been developed to predict the axial solids mixing in a slugging fluidized bed containing round nosed slugs. The model supposes that each slug is followed by a well-mixed wake and a piston flow region. The model predicts well the scale effect noted by W. G. May. Axial mixing is fast for round nosed slugs, falls for turbulent bubbling, and is low for raining slugs.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240402
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rigorous method for calculating minimum reflux rates in distillation (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 606-613 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A computer method has been developed to calculate the minimum reflux rate for a specified distillation separation. The method makes no unnecessary simplifying assumptions of the distillation process model. The limitation of the method is that it cannot solve problems in which the minimum reflux rate is determined by a point of tangent between the operating line and the equilibrium line on a McCabe-Thiele diagram (see Figure 1).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240407
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convective heat transfer in gas-solid suspension flow through packed beds (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 613-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A correlation for the convective heat transfer between a bed of metallic oxides and a flowing gas-solid suspension was obtained experimentally. Four industrially important commercial catalysts with different physical, thermal, and transport properties were used as the bed materials. A wide range of air flow rates and solids to gas loading ratios were used. The correlating parameters, to estimate the convective Nusselt number, were found to be the Reynolds number, the Archimedes number, the solids loading ratio, and the shape factor of the packing materials. Impressive increases in heat transfer rates were observed with increased solids loading.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240408
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A modal approach to dynamics of nonlinear processes (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 519-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Approximate process dynamics of certain nonlinear systems can be estimated by elementary quadratures using a modal approach. The transient response including quadratic nonlinearities is determined by the eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and adjoint eigenvectors of the linearized system equations. The only restriction is that the dominant eigenvalue of the linearized system must be widely separated from the next slowest mode. Several process models satisfy this requirement.The method is illustrated by application to a fourth-order model of a fluidized bed. The dynamical response is in agreement with numerical solutions to the complete model equations, including estimates of finite regions of stability.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240317
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of heat exchanger networks: II. Evolutionary generation of networks with various criteria of optimality (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 642-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An evolutionary method is presented for the synthesis of heat exchanger networks. Starting from feasible solutions which preferably exhibit maximum energy recovery,The synthesis of such solutions has been discussed in Part I (see Linnhoff and Flower, 1978). the method allows systematic promotion of desired design features such as low overall cost, suitability for starting-up procedures, observation of safety constraints, etc. Seven examples based on standard literature problems are used to illustrate the method.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240412
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reliability of optimization procedures for obtaining global optimum (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 619-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The importance of the starting point, the size of initial search region, and the search region reduction rate is examined with respect to the reliability of different direct search optimization procedures in being able to furnish the global optimum for nonunimodal systems. Although, in general, the reliability of an optimization procedure is problem dependent, it is nevertheless clear that reliability cannot be increased simply by selecting larger search regions or by reducing the rate of contraction of the search region. A more efficient means of increasing reliability is to embody a pseudo one-dimensional search in the optimization procedure to enable the search to leave a local optimum and proceed to a better optimum.
    Additional Material: 16 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240409
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements for the propane-ethanol system at elevated pressures (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 672-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements have been carried out for the propane-ethanol system at 325°, 350°, 375°, 400°, and 425°K. The pressures corresponding to these temperatures ranged from 569.5 kPa (82.6 lb/in.2abs) to 5 618.5 kPa (814.9 lb/in.2abs). Altogether, nineteen experimental determinations were made; one of these determinations at 425°K approached the critical state, and this measurement assisted in establishing the entire critical temperature and critical pressure profiles for this binary system. The information associated with these measurements enabled the construction of isothermal bubble point-dew point relationships up to 500°K. These results made possible the establishment of isothermal relationships of K values vs. pressure for the components of the propane-ethanol system. Calculated K values for this system using the BWR method and the SRK method were found to be in fair agreement with corresponding experimental values.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240415
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Countercurrent backmixing model for slugging fluidized-bed reactors (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 698-704 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model is developed for slugging fluidized bed catalytic reaction which improves on the model of Hovmand and Davidson by incorporating the solids mixing. The model parallels the countercurrent backmixing model of Fryer and Potter. Solids mixing is accounted for by the model of Thiel and Potter which assumes the rising slug is followed by a well-mixed wake into and out of which solids flow at a rate determined by the rise velocity of the slug. Comparison is made with experimental data reported by Hovmand and Davidson with good results.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240419
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow of a falling film into a pool (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 705-709 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Complete interfacial profiles are generated for the gravity flow of a thin film into a stagnant pool. The profiles show standing waves and a rapid thinning of the film just above the static meniscus over the pool. Such effects are encountered, for example, at the bottom of wetted wall columns.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240420
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements through vapor-adsorption chromatography (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 745-747 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240430
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the editor (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 750-752 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240434
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleation and growth rates of ammonium chloride in organic media: Development of an on-line measurement technique (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 782-788 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Nucleation and growth rates of small ammonium chloride crystals precipitated from organic mother liquors were measured with an electronic particle counter using an on-line measurement and data reduction technique. Current values for nucleation and growth rates could be obtained within a period of 3 min, thus permitting rapid scanning of variables affecting crystal size distribution. Population average sizes of 1 to 3μ were typically measured in these organic liquors. The average size of particles increased with increase in ammonium chloride solubility. Addition of surfactants (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium oleate) either had no effect on nucleation or inhibited growth and nucleation equally, thus did not change particle size. The average size of particles was slightly increased with addition of magnesium chloride.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240503
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  • 24
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    A comprehensive experimental investigation of tubular entry flow of viscoelastic fluids: Part I. Vortex characteristics in stable flow (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 869-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The characteristics of a vortex found at the entry of a 2:1 and 4:1 contraction for viscoelastic fluids is investigated. Two distinct flow regimes are identified in the contraction flow field: a vortex growth regime and a divergent flow regime. In the vortex flow regime, rheological forces are found to dominate the flow, with the vortex detachment length being a linear function of the Weissenberg number. In the divergent flow regime, the flow is found to diverge at the center line upstream of the vortex detachment plane, and the vortex size decreases with increasing flow rates. Inertial forces are important in the divergent flow regime. The entry flow characteristics for the 2:1 and 4:1 contraction are quantified in terms of the vortex detachment length as a function of Reynolds and Weissenberg number over the range of 0:2 〈 N′Re 〈 200 and 0.10 〈 NWS 〈 0.7.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240513
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  • 25
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    Perturbed hard chain theory for fluid mixtures: Thermodynamic properties for mixtures in natural gas and petroleum technology (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 849-860 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Perturbed-hard-chain theory for pure fluids, proposed previously by Beret, is modified slightly to yield better pure-component results. More important, it is extended to multicomponent mixtures.The perturbed-hard-chain theory is a synthesis of the polymer solution theories of Flory and Prigogine and the perturbed-hard-sphere theories of Alder and Barker and Henderson. The resulting equation of state is applicable to simple as well as complex molecules (for example, heptane, naphthalene, polystyrene). It can be used to calculate both gas and liquid phase properties. Extension of perturbed-hard-chain theory to mixtures is based on a one-fluid model without, however, making the usual assumption of random mixing.The perturbed-hard-chain theory has been applied to most fluids commonly encountered in natural-gas and petroleum refining operations. The theory gives good agreement with experiment for pure-component and fluid-mixture properties including vapor pressures, liquid densities, enthalpies, and K factors. Molecular parameters have been obtained for forty-five pure components and for more than sixty binary mixtures. Ternary and higher mixtures require no additional parameters.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240511
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
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    Selective copper recovery with two types of liquid membranes (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 860-868 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Copper can be selectively separated and concentrated by diffusion across liquid membranes. These membranes are effective either as thin films supported by porous polymer sheets or as liquid microcapsules or liquid surfactant membranes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240512
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  • 27
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    A model for moving-bed coal gasification reactors (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 885-903 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A steady state model of moving-bed coal gasification reactors has been developed. Model predictions are in agreement with published commercial plant data for Lurgi pressurized gasification reactors and a pilot plant slagging gasifier. The dependence of reactor performance on operating variables has been studied for Illinois and Wyoming coals. For a given coal, maximum efficiency is determined by the coal-to-oxygen feed ratio. The location of the maximum temperature, which defines the combustion zone, is an important operating variable. Efficient operation of the dry ash reactor cannot be carried out below a critical feed gas temperature because of insufficient gasification and excessive carbon loss in the ash.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240515
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
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    Electrification of particles by impact on inclined metal plates (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 950-956 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The electrification of particles falling onto metal surfaces was well correlated with the normal component of the impact velocity, showing that the electrification was mainly caused by the deformation of contact bodies. The current generated by the electrification at higher impact velocities was proportional to the velocity, while the current at lower velocities showed a different tendency. The elastic and plastic-elastic collision theory including particle roundness was used to explain these experimental results. Further, the coefficient of restitution, which was related to the work done by normal impulse, was determined by means of the velocity at the elastic limit obtainable from electrification data.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240603
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  • 29
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    Prediction of the sorptional equilibrium relationship for the drying of foodstuffs (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 956-966 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: After existing correlations were reviewed to predict the equilibrium of foodstuffs with moist air, it was found that they were not adequate. A new equilibrium expression is presented on the basis of equal chemical potentials in the external and internal phases. The resulting equation can be used over most of the range of moisture contents of sugar based foodstuffs including the high moisture region; it also provides simple analytical expressions for the partial derivatives of moisture content with respect to temperature and to water vapor activity.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240604
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  • 30
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    Drop coalescence in liquid-liquid fluidized beds (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 985-992 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A drop size segregation technique leads to a direct measurement of the interdrop coalescence frequencies of equisized droplet swarms in liquid-liquid fluidized beds. Mass transfer between the phases and the use of a tracer dye are avoided. The study includes the effects of highly viscous continuous as well as dispersed phases. Binary liquid solutions of ethylene glycol and distilled water provided aqueous phases of increasing viscosity, and toluene was the second liquid phase. Twenty two liquid-liquid systems including other dispersed liquids, namely, benzene, ethyl acetate, cyclohexane, and carbon tetrachloride, were studied by this technique.In the case of toluene continuous, the drops of water dispersed in toluene were large in size, and they coalesced at unusually high rates up to about 100 times faster than those of toluene dispersed in water. Similarly, anhydrous ethylene glycol dispersed in toluene showed somewhat high coalescence frequencies. All the data excluding these two anomalous systems were analyzed by a stepwise regression technique to yield the best fitting correlation in terms of the most significant dimensionless ratios.For the present, the proposed empirical correlation for the dimensionless parameter [ω D × 105/Vs] containing the coalescence frequency (ω, time-1) as a function of the coalescence number (σ/μcVs) and the viscosity ratio (μd/μc) is as follows: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$({{\omega D \times 10^5 } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\omega D \times 10^5 } {V_s }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {V_s }}) = 0.020({\sigma \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {\sigma {\mu c}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\mu c}}V_s)^{1.18} ({{\mu d} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\mu d} {\mu c}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\mu c}})^{0.450} $$\end{document}.
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    Hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene catalyzed by sulfided CoO-MoO3γ-Al2O3: The reaction network (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1015-1021 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Kinetics experiments have determined the reaction network in the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene catalyzed by sulfided CoO-MoO3/γ-Al2O3 at 573°K and 102 atm. The predominant reaction is a direct sulfur extrusion, giving biphenyl and hydrogen sulfide; the biphenyl is subsequently hydrogenated slowly to give cyclohexylbenzene and then bicyclohexyl. Dibenzothiophene also undergoes a primary hydrogenation reaction preceding sulfur removal, but it is about one thousand times slower than the sulfur extrusion reaction.
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    Magnetically enhanced thermal convection in oxygen gas (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1035-1040 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of static magnetic fields on heat transfer in oxygen gas have been measured at temperatures between 78 and 112°K and pressures between 2.01 and 4.77 kN/m2. After the data are corrected for ordinary thermal conductivity behavior, comparison with theory suggests that the phenomenon is magnetically enhanced thermal convection.
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    Vapor-liquid equilibrium: Part V. Data reduction by maximum likelihood (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1055-1063 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A systematic study is presented of the objective functions applicable to the reduction of vapor-liquid equilibrium data by regression procedures based on the principle of maximum likelihood. Numerical results are based on a set of artificial x-y-P data constructed so as to conform to the assumptions that underlie proper application of this principle.
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    Mathematical methods in chemical engineering, 2nd Edition, V. G. Jenson And G. Jeffreys, Academic Press (London), $19.50. Publication date: December, 1977, 599 pages (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 942-942 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240523
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    Reaction kinetics in porous electrocatalysts (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1115-1118 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Effects of convection and Brownian motion on particle growth rate in colloidal dispersions (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1125-1127 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Free radical transport in a photochemical reactor (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1134-1137 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    The properties of gases and liquids, Third Edition, Robert C. Reid, John M. Prausnitz and Thomas K. Sherwood, McGraw-Hill (1977), 688 pages, $27.50 (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1142-1142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Erratum (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1143-1143 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240638
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    Properties and structure of polymeric alloys (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1-20 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Because of the generally immiscible nature of polymers, multicomponent polymers or polymeric alloys often exhibit microphase separation. The morphologies of these heterogeneous materials are determined not only by the composition of the system, but also by the processing conditions. The resulting microstructures exert a profound influence on the properties of the polymeric alloys. The purpose of this review is to discuss the more recent advances in the investigation of the relation between the structure of the polymeric alloys and their properties. An understanding of this relationship would be important in being able to tailor make better materials and exploit the unique properties of these materials for engineering applications.
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    Scaling laws and the differential equations of an entrained flow coal gasifier (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 55-63 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A formal order of magnitude analysis was applied to the differential equations describing mass, momentum, and energy transport in an axially translating, vortex flow field and used to determine the importance of various terms. Significant dimensionless parameters, suitable for establishing scaling laws, appear naturally from the equations. Among the important parameters are the swirl number, geometric scale ratio, Froude number, and particle loading ratio. These parameters were combined to establish rules for complete similarity between a model and a prototype gasifier.
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    Char gasification in a countercurrent reactor (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 87-101 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model is developed for the countercurrent char gasifier of Lurgi form. Char particles are fed to the top and oxygen, inert, and steam in the bottom. The combustion zone is defined as the zone in which there is a nonzero molfraction of oxygen. In the gasification zone, the particles are assumed to be a lumped system in which the Johnson reaction kinetic expressions are assumed to be valid with the water gas shift reaction at equilibrium. All of the reactions between oxygen and carbon and water and carbon are assumed to take place in the combustion zone but with the carbon-oxygen reaction predominating to form a shell progressive system within the particles. Radiation is taken into account, and parametric computations are made on temperatures, compositions, flow rates, and char reactivity. The maximum temperature is strongly influenced by radiation and its position is a sensitive function of the solid flow rate producing an ash layer at the bottom of varying thickness.
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    Mass transfer characterization of Donnan dialysis (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 130-137 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Donnan dialysis is a relatively new ion exchange process using ion exchange membranes to permit continuous operation. Potential applications exist in many areas where traditional columnar ion exchange, requiring a regeneration cycle, is currently used. A mathematical model was developed. Mass transfer parameters for the model were determined from laboratory data and correlated with the system operating variables.
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    Parametric studies in industrial distillation: Part I. Design comparisons (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 303-315 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Minimum cost surfaces compare eight distillation systems separating ternary feeds. The region of optimality for a design varies with the species separated, but some tower configurations are always preferred at particular feed compositions.
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    Characterizing the effect of feed rate in continuous flow vessels having turbine agitators (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 154-156 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240119
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    Masthead (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240201
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    Adsorption rate on molecular sieving carbon by chromatography (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 237-246 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Diffusivities in the micropore and adsorption equilibrium constants were determined for neon, argon, krypton, xenon, nitrogen, methane, ethylene, ethane, propylene, propane, n-butane, and benzene on molecular sieving carbon by chromatographic measurement and moment analysis. Isosteric heat of adsorption was found to be 2.6 times heat of vaporization for the gases examined here. Two separate linear relations were obtained between activation energies of diffusion in micropore and isosteric heats of adsorption for rare gases, methane, and benzene, and for n-paraffin and n-olefin except methane.
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    Performance of slurry and trickle-bed reactors: Application to sulfur dioxide removal (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 286-293 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Methods are developed for predicting the performance of different types of three-phase reactors for removal of a gaseous reactant by catalytic reaction. The removal is assumed to occur by mass transport of reactant from gas-to-liquid and liquid-to-catalyst particle and then by intraparticle diffusion and reaction in the liquid filled pores. The method is applied to the oxidation of sulfur dioxide at 25°C and 1 atm using activated carbon, in the presence of water, as a catalyst. Slurry, trickle-bed, and counterflow packed-bed reactors are compared in terms of the key variables affecting the fraction of sulfur dioxide reacted.
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    Parametric studies in industrial distillation: Part II. Heuristic optimization (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 316-323 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: State optimization should not be ignored in the evaluation of distillation alternatives. However, heuristic rank order algorithms can greatly simplify the analysis. Optimal operating pressures correlate well with feed bubble points, and intertower economic interactions are often small.
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    Mass transfer in laminar flow with linear wall resistance - entrance region solutions (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 338-340 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Note on the influence of viscoelasticity on the coalescence rate of bubbles and drops (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 348-351 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Application of a self-consistent model to the permeability of a fixed swarm of permeable spheres (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 354-357 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Parameter estimation in engineering and science, by James V. Beck and Kenneth J. Arnold, published by John Wiley and Sons, 1977. 501 + XIX pages. $24.95 (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 367-367 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240233
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    Masthead (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240301
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    SCP production on C1 compounds (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 406-417 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Given the partial oxidation products of methane as the chemical feedstock for single-cell protein (SCP) production, their conversion efficiency is optimized by optimal selection of the pertinent microorganisms that can utilize the feedstocks. The coenzymes of the three oxidation steps from methanol to formaldehyde to formate and carbon dioxide as well as the pathway involved in carbon fixation determine the cell-mass yield. Microorganisms which follows the ribulose monophosphate cycle and which have coenzymes which are linked to the maximum production of ATP (for example, NAD linked dehydrogenases), should be searched for economical production of SCP. Batch growth rate and yield data are limited in utilization and interpretation, and care should be exercised in their use. The subject of this case study, Methylomonas EP-1, gives an optimal cell mass yield of 65% and a stable chemostat operation at space velocities as high as 0.58 hr-1.
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    Squeezing flows of polymeric liquids (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 427-439 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental study has been done on the flow of viscoelastic liquids squeezed between two flat parallel plates. In fast squeezes under a constant load, the plates did not come together as rapidly as predicted by inelastic fluid theory. Our experimental data suggest that this device is not generally useful as a viscometer.
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    Liquid distribution in trickle-bed reactors: Part II. Tracer studies (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 450-454 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An aqueous solution of potassium chloride tracer was introduced at a central location in the water feed to a trickle bed, and the tracer concentration was measured at various radial positions and bed depths. From the model and parameters of liquid distribution proposed in Part I, tracer concentrations can also be predicted. The predicted and experimental concentrations usually agreed within a few percent, providing an independent evaluation of the flow distribution model.
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    Inferential control of processes: Part I. Steady state analysis and design (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 485-492 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Methods are presented for the design of a static estimator which infers unmeasurable product qualities from secondary measurements. The secondary measurements are selected so as to minimize the number of such measurements required to obtain an accurate estimate which is insensitive to modeling errors. Unlike previous work, the number of secondary measurements can be fewer than the number of unmeasured disturbances. If the statistics of the disturbances and/or measurement noise are available, this information can be incorporated into the design procedure to obtain an optimal static estimator.The design procedure is illustrated by application to a simulated industrial debutanizer. Data for the simulation were supplied by the Marathon Oil Company. Deviations in bottoms product quality are compared for the current control policy (maintenance of a stage temperature at its set point) and the inferential control system with the column subjected to representative feed composition disturbances. Results show that inferential control based on four, five, or six tray temperature measurements improves the steady state control performance by as much as 400%.
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    Errata (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 367-367 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240234
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    Backmixing in gas-liquid reactors (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 369-400 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This review evaluates the present state of the art on backmixing in gas-liquid and gas-liquid-solid reactors. A brief outline of numerous techniques for measuring residence time distribution (RTD) of various phases in a multiphase reactor is presented. This is followed by a brief description of differential and stagewise models for characterizing backmixing from RTD measurements. Both simple (that is, single-parameter axial dispersion model) and more complex (that is, two-, three-, or four-parameter models) models are evaluated. Backmixing characteristics of various gas-liquid columns such as trickle beds, spray columns, mechanically agitated columns, plate columns, fluidized bed columns, etc., are subsequently evaluated. The performance of a bubble column under various reaction conditions is analyzed. Criteria for the elimination of backmixing in packed-bed reactors are presented, and the effect of backmixing on the multiple steady states in a gas-liquid reactor is briefly reviewed. Finally, the scale-up problems associated with gas-liquid reactors with various degrees of backmixing and the recommendations for the future work in RTD and macromixing models are outlined.
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    Multicomponenb diffusion, E. L. Cussler, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, New York and Amsterdam, 1976. 176 pp. $24.95 (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 559-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240331
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    Letters to the editor (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 559-560 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240332
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    Liquid distribution in trickle-bed reactors: Part I. Flow measurements (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 439-450 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Radial liquid distribution was measured for concurrent downflow of air and water through beds packed with catalyst particles. The experimental results can be predicted by a theory involving two parameters, a spreading factor S and wall factor f. Criteria are presented for predicting operating conditions (particle size and shape and tube diameter) for which the equilibrium distribution will be uniform and packed-bed depth required to attain equilibrium liquid distribution.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    Prediction of thermodynamic properties for binary, ternary, and quinary gas mixtures (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 555-558 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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    A correlation for solid friction factor in vertical pneumatic conveying lines (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 548-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Vapor-liquid equilibria using UNIFAC, Aage Fredenslund, Jurgen Gmehling and Peter Rasmussen, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam and New York, 1977. 380 pages. $59.75 (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 558-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240330
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    Masthead (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240401
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    Mass transfer on a single sieve plate column operated with periodic cycling (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 588-598 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A single sieve plate column operated with periodic cycling was mathematically modeled using the assumption of zero weeping rate and plug flow of liquid during the liquid drain period. Zero weeping rates could only be obtained by introducing baffles to control fluid oscillations on the plate. Experimental measurements of the ratio of the slopes of the equilibrium and operating lines λ, the Murphree plate efficiency ε, the fraction of the liquid holdup transferred per cycle η, and the separation factor X on a computer controlled column provided the first reliable confirmation of the improvements in separating ability, predicted by the theory.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    Internal boiling and superheating in vaporizing multicomponent droplets (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 626-632 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The vaporization and combustion of a miscible multicomponent droplet in a quiescent atmosphere is analyzed by assuming transient-diffusive transport within the droplet, quasi steady diffusive-convective transport in the gas phase, and ideal solution behavior for the mixture. Results on the vaporization of a binary droplet show that owing to the significant liquid phase diffusional resistance, the vaporization process approximately consists of an initial transient regime, an intermediate, diffusion limited, almost quasi steady regime, and a final volatility limited regime. It is further demonstrated that the entrapment of the volatile components within the rapidly heated droplet interior may lead to the initiation of either homogeneous or heterogeneous nucleation, which can result in the fragmentation of the parent droplet with the internal pressure buildup.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    On-line gain identification of flow processes with application to adaptive pH control (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 654-664 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple and practical method is presented for the control of first-order flow processes with time varying gain and a pure delay in the measurement of the control variable. It involves on-line identification of the process gain and a subsequent adjustment of the controller parameter. The method is well suited for applications in the chemical process industries where high frequency fluctuations in the process gain are not generally expected. It is tested on a computer simulated process as well as experimentally by application to a continuous stirred-tank neutralization process involving pH control, where buffer concentration in the feed varies with time. There is a potential for the application of this method to an industrial process such as wastewater treatment.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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    Dynamics and control of the activated sludge wastewater process (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 693-698 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dynamics of the activated sludge process are governed under certain conditions by interactions between the reactor and settler through sludge recycle. Settler underloading can lead to extremely sluggish system response, indicating that effective sludge height regulation is an important control objective. This objective may be in conflict with the need to maintain small variations in reactor solids concentration. An effective compromise can be achieved by using ratio control on both sludge recycle and settler underflow. This control policy does not require sludge storage.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    Liquid-solid mass transfer in packed beds with downward concurrent gas-liquid flow (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 709-717 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mass transfer coefficients were determined by measuring the rate of solution of cylindrical 3 or 6 mm benzoic acid tablets into water in the presence of flowing nitrogen, helium, or argon. Gas flow rates varied from 0 to 1.6 kg/(m2·s) and liquid flow rates from 0.5 to 25 kg/(m2·s), resulting in hydrodynamic flow patterns varying from trickle to turbulent pulse types of flow. In the pulse regime, the mass transfer coefficient was markedly affected by gas flow rate but did not depend on gas density explicitly if correlated in terms of an energy dissipation function.
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    Vapor-liquid equilibrium for salt containing systems: Correlation of binary solvent data and prediction of behavior in multicomponent solvents (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 718-725 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When salts or electrolytes are encountered in the design of separation equipment, the effects of these electrolytes on the vapor-liquid equilibrium behavior of nonelectrolytes are often neglected. This is the case because there has not been a method for the correlation of data for salt containing systems which can be used for varying salt and solvent compositions. Boone, Rousseau, and Schoenborn (1976) proposed a method for correlating data from binary solvent-salt systems which are not restricted in this manner. This work proposes an extension that correlates phase equilibrium behavior using the Prausnitz UNIQUAC equation, which can be used for systems having regions of immiscibility. In addition, the model used for binary solvent systems is extended to multisolvent salt systems, and it is shown that vapor-liquid equilibrium data for these systems can be predicted from data on binary solvent-salt systems.
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    Magma density and dominant size for size dependent crystal growth (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 738-741 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Hydrodynamics of drop formation from a hydrocarbon film around a sphere placed in a moving aqueous phase (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 741-745 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The study of the coalescence of secondary dispersions passing through a granular packing has led to the consideration of drop formation from a hydrocarbon film around a single sphere placed in the flux of an aqueous phase. An analogue mock-up study led to a mathematical model for relating the diameter of the drop to various parameters participating in the phenomenon. A relationship enabling reasonably accurate calculation of the diameter of a drop formed by means of such a sphere placed in a stationary or mobile aqueous phase for a wide range of Reynolds numbers and Bond numbers is proposed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    Chemica1 reactor design for process plants, Howard F. Rose, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1977. Vol I - Principles and Techniques, 772 pp., $35.00; Vol 2 - Case Studies and Design Data, 242 pp, $20.00 (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 749-749 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240433
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    Underground coal gasification (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 753-781 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Underground coal gasification (UCG) is a method whereby the mining and conversion of coal are accomplished in a single step. Many field tests of UCG have been operated worldwide since the 1930's with varying degrees of success; based on this experience (especially in the USSR and United States), a field design which is applicable to a wide range of geological conditions and coal properties has evolved. This review discusses the rationale of this design and provides a physicochemical interpretation for the operation of a UCG system. Pertinent field and laboratory results as well as formal mathematical models of an in situ gasifier are evaluated as part of the analysis.
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    The mechanisms of transfer of hydrophobic coated mineral matter particles from a hydrocarbon to an aqueous phase (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 788-795 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A solid/liquid separation process based on the transfer of hydrophobic coated mineral particles from a hydrocarbon to an aqueous phase is described. This process could be used, for example, to remove mineral matter from coal derived liquids in order to meet fuel specifications. A model system which involves hydrophobic, asphaltic, coated mineral matter particles in a model liquid, xylene, was used in conjunction with the mechanistic studies. The mineral matter distribution coefficient to the aqueous phase decreases rather than increases with time in batch experiments. Five asymptotic models based on the fate of the surface active chemical at long time are investigated. Included were adsorption on the mineral matter particle, adsorption at the oil/water interface, distribution of the surfactant to the aqueous phase, complete detergency, and partial detergency. Experimental data on the influence of surfactant concentration, contact time, water/oil ratio, and shear are consistent only with the partial detergency model.
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    A new thermodynamic representation of binary electrolyte solutions nonideality in the whole range of concentrations (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 817-830 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A system of equations based on the ionic atmosphere theory of Debye and Huckel, Born model contribution, and local compositions of the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model is developed to represent isothermal activity coefficients, in the whole range of concentrations, for solutions in an undissociated solvent of a partially or completely dissociated electrolyte.The physical constants and the four adjustable parameters necessary to represent the osmotic coefficient, for fifteen strong aqueous electrolytic solutions, are given at 298.15°K and atmospheric pressure. Vapor-liquid equilibrium, for the hydrochloric acid-water system at 298.15°K, is represented for acid compositions ranging from infinite dilution to 18 M using a known dissociation constant and six parameters.
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    Evaluation of parameters for nonlinear thermodynamic models (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 20-29 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method based on the maximum likelihood principle has been developed for the determination of model parameters from experimental data when all the measured variables are subject to error. In addition to the best estimates of the parameters, this method also yields information useful in selection of appropriate models and evaluation of the accuracy of the data. Application of the method is illustrated in the reduction of binary vapor-liquid equilibrium data.
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    Aeration and mixing in deep tank fermentation systems (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 63-71 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Oxygen transfer characteristics for three sizes of equipment, from 76 mm to 7.6 m in diameter and for liquid depths from 4 to 21 m, correlate well and permit scaling of fermentation systems in size. Simple orifice inlets for gas flow, uniformly distributed over a tank bottom, effect rapid mixing and permit very high oxygen demands to be met. Supersaturation provides dissolved gases for the flotation and solids separation as an inherent processing procedure. Nearly uniform bulk liquid composition and a linear decrease of gas phase composition with depth permit a proper, integrated value of the oxygen saturation driving force to be employed. Results provide the design basis for large scale aeration systems which offer potential savings in both capital and energy.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    A formulation for ∊M and ∊H based on the surface renewal principle (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 101-106 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a simplified formulation for ∊H for low to moderate Prandtl number fluids and for ∊M that utilizes the surface renewal model, but which also accounts for the fact that eddies do not reach the surface. The predicted trend in Prt obtained on the basis of the present analysis suggests an opposite dependency on Pr to that predicted by many of the other analyses.
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    An observation of the effect of integral scale on drag reduction (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 124-130 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Drag reduction pipe flow experiments using random coiling polymers have been dominated by the small scales of turbulence. An experiment is reported using polyelectrolytes DNA and collagen, which have extended conformations in solution that shows a relationship between the large scales and drag reduction. Turbulent or molecular interactions can explain the observed increase in drag reduction with an increase in pipe diameter.
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    Letters to the editor (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 158-160 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240122
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    A generalized correlation for Henry's constants in nonpolar binary systems (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 181-186 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A generalized correlation for Henry's constant is developed from a three-parameter corresponding states theory for fluid mixtures. Two characteristic parameters are required in each binary system. These parameters are determined for thirty-eight nonpolar binary systems containing quantum gases for solutes. The overall average deviation for calculated Henry's constants is relatively small, about ± 2.5%.
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    Letters to the editor (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 943-943 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240524
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    Vapor-liquid equilibria in multicomponent aqueous solutions of volatile weak electrolytes (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 966-976 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A molecular-thermodynamic correlation is established for calculating vapor-liquid equilibria in aqueous solutions containing one or more volatile electrolytes: ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen cyanide. The correlation is similar to that presented in 1975, but the domain of application has been increased. The present correlation holds from about 0° to 170°C and for ionic strengths of about 6 molal; for the weak electrolytes considered here, this corresponds to total concentrations between 10 and 20 molal. To represent activities at these high concentrations, activity coefficients are expressed as a function of molality by Pitzer's equation. Required parameters are estimated from data reduction or from correlations.Special attention is given to the ternary systems ammonia-carbon dioxide-water and ammonia-hydrogen sulfide-water. Calculated equilibria are in satisfactory agreement with the severely limited experimental data now available.
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    A comprehensive experimental investigation of tubular entry flow of viscoelastic fluids. Part II. The velocity field in stable flow (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 992-999 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Center-line velocities and developing velocity profiles are presented for viscoelastic fluids flowing in a 2:1 and 4:1 abrupt entry contraction. Two flow regimes are clearly identified: a vortex growth regime and a divergent flow regime. Dramatic differences in the velocity field are observed and discussed for the two flow regimes. A kinematic model based on the velocity field data is proposed for vortex growth flow.
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    An approximate theory of interfacial tensions of multicomponent systems: Applications to binary liquid-vapor tensions (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1010-1014 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Formulas obtained by approximation of the rigorous expression for the interfacial tension of multicomponent, polyatomic fluids are shown to provide accurate and simple estimates of the composition dependence of the surface tension of nonaqueous, binary solutions at low vapor pressures. Similar formulas are recommended for multicomponent (that is, more than two components) solutions.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240610
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cold flow mixing rates with recirculation for pulverized coal reactors (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1029-1035 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mixing of particles and gases in confined, coaxial jets in the presence of recirculation was studied. Particle and gas mixing rates were measured for conditions simulating processes involving pulverized coal combustion and entrained gasification. The effects of mixing chamber diameter, gas velocity, particle size, and particle loading level on mixing rates were determined from particle mass flux and gas tracer measurements. In every case, the gas mixed much faster than did the particles. Introduction of an expanded mixing chamber of larger diameter (with recirculation zone) significantly increased both gas and particle mixing rates over that for a smaller mixing chamber without recirculation. However, this observed increase was not strongly dependent upon the diameter of the larger mixing chamber. Increasing secondary velocity also increased mixing rates significantly.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240613
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined forced and free convection in a reverse osmosis system (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1046-1054 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of combined forced and free convection on the performance of a reverse osmosis system in a horizontal circular pipe is examined. The free convective motion, which is superimposed upon the main axial flow, is caused by buoyancy forces arising from the buildup of a dense solute boundary layer near the membrane surface. The three-dimensional convective diffusion problem is solved by dividing it into a perturbation part accounting for the buoyancy effects present for Ra ≠ 0 and a nonperturbation part for the intrinsic convective flow pattern present even when Ra = 0.An approximate solution to the nonperturbation equations is obtained from the literature, and the perturbation equations are solved using a stream function-vorticity scheme valid for high Schmidt numbers. The effects of rejection parameter, Rayleigh number, and pressure parameter on the Sherwood number and concentration polarization are studied. Correlations are developed for the asymptotic Sherwood number and the effective axial length at which free convection becomes significant. The numerical results are in reasonable agreement with limiting analytical solutions and with the experimental asymptotic Sherwood numbers measured by Derzansky and Gill (1974) and Hsieh et al. (1976).
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240616
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  • 92
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    Part II. Swarm of bubbles in a power law fluidR. A. Mashelkar is with the National Chemical Laboratory, Poona-8, India. (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1070-1076 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Sherwood number and the drag coefficient for a swarm of bubbles moving in a power law fluid are obtained by an approximate solution of equations of motion in the creeping flow regime. The effect of gas holdup on the motion and mass transfer of a swarm of bubbles with a mobile interface moving in a power law fluid was obtained using Happel's free surface cell model. Since the presence of surfactants may cause small bubbles to behave as solid spheres, expressions for Sherwood number and drag coefficient are also obtained by using the results of power-law fluid motion over assemblages of solid spheres. It is predicted that, unlike the case of a single bubble, the drag coefficient correction factor and the mass transfer correction factor decrease with increasing pseudoplasticity.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240619
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  • 93
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    Electronic Resource
    Hydrodynamics and solid-liquid contacting effectiveness in trickle-bed reactors (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1087-1104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240622
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    Electronic Resource
    Synchronized periodic operation of a plug flow reactor and bases of comparison (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1105-1108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240623
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restricted diffusion of liquids in microporous catalysts (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1118-1122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240627
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas solubilities near the solvent critical point (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1122-1125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240628
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Saturated liquid densities of normal fluids (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1127-1131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240630
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    Electronic Resource
    Mass transport phenomena and hydrodynamics in packed beds with gas-liquid concurrent upflow (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1138-1141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240633
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    Electronic Resource
    Phase equilibria and fluid properties in the chemical industry, Edited by: T. S. Storvick and S. I. Sandler, ACS Symposium Series 60 (1977) $32.00. American Chemical Society, 537 pages (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1142-1142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240636
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the editor (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1143-1144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240639
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