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  • Articles  (7,131)
  • Chemical Engineering  (7,131)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (7,131)
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  • Articles  (7,131)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accelerated characterization of a chopped fiber composite using a strain energy failure criterion (1989)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 10 (1989), S. 249-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The creep and creep rupture response of a chopped fiber composite material (SMC-R50) were investigated experimentally and analytically. The goal of this research was to use the short time laboratory data to predict long time creep and creep rupture behavior. The creep response data up to 200 min duration were obtained at various constant temperature and stress levels. The short time creep data were then modeled using a modified power law equation. The modified power law equation contains the parameters of the so-called accelerated characterization procedure. Using this power law equation, the short time creep response at the elevated temperatures were able to successfully predict the long time creep response at a lower temperature and stress level. To predict the creep rupture behavior, the modified power law equation was then coupled with a strain energy based failure criterion. It was found that the same parameters that were used in the prediction of the long-time creep response can also be used to predict the creep rupture. At a given temperature level, the strain energy density related to creep rupture was found to be a constant. Furthermore, this strain energy density was found to increase with an increase in temperature. With a limited amount of data, it was found that the strain energy based failure criterion coupled with the modified power law equation can be used to predict long time creep rupture behavior.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750100407
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the fracture toughness property (G1c) of composite laminates using the double cantilever beam specimen (1989)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 10 (1989), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The results of a study on the interlaminar fracture toughness properties (G1c) of four unidirectional carbon fiber epoxy materials are presented. The selected materials included Narmco 5245C, Hexcel F584, and American Cyanamid 1806 resins reinforced with Hercules IM6 fibers and for a baseline material Narmco 5208 reinforced with T300 fibers. The G1c values determined on Double Cantilever Beam specimens were found to range from 93 to 370 J/m2. The higher values may partly result from fiber bridging during fracture. This paper discusses specimen configuration, test procedure, and the Scanning Electron Microscope results.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750100506
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Delamination shape effects in aramid-epoxy-aluminum (ARALL) laminates with fatigue cracks (1989)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 10 (1989), S. 322-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An aramid reinforced aluminum-epoxy-laminate, ARALL, which contains a fatigue crack and a delamination zone is analyzed. It is assumed that the interlaminar shear forces between the aluminum and aramid/epoxy layers are transmitted along the delamination boundary. The aramid/epoxy layer of the laminate is considered a series of linear springs. The tensile stress in the aramid/epoxy layer and the stress intensity factor in the aluminum layer are found for various experimentally observed delamination shapes. A residual strength criterion based on the maximum tensile stress in the aramid/epoxy layer is applied and the analytical results are correlated with the available experimental data.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750100508
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical and experimental evaluation of the Mode III interlaminar fracture toughness of composite materials (1989)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 10 (1989), S. 293-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Crack Rail Shear (CRS) specimen is a proposed test method to characterize the interlaminar Mode III critical strain energy release rate (GIIIc) of continuous fiber-reinforced composite materials. The specimen utilizes the two rail shear test fixture and contains embedded Kapton film between designated plies to provide a starter crack for subsequent fracture testing. Analytical expressions for specimen compliance and GIII are based upon Strength of Materials (SM) principles. The model identifies important material and geometric parameters and provides a simple data reduction scheme. A quasi-three-dimensional, linear elastic finite element stress analysis verifies the purity of the Mode III fracture state and identifies admissible crack lengths to be used in the experimental study. A fully three-dimensional linear elastic finite element analysis of the CRS is employed to investigate the influence of edge effects on the fracture state for the finite length sample. Results based upon a uniform crack extension indicate a small region of mixed mode behavior at traction free edges which decay to a pure Model III fracture state in the interior of the sample. Furthermore, the GIII distribution along the crack front decreases at the free edges from a maximum plateau region in the interior. The three-dimensional analysis allows edge effects to be minimized by selecting appropriate specimen lengths. Compliance and strain energy release rates are in good agreement with the SM model. An experimental program was performed to measure GIIIc of two graphite epoxy systems. GIIIc results for AS4/3501-6 were found to be 1.6 times the Mode II fracture toughness, while IM7/8551-7 exhibited equivalent Mode II and Mode III fracture toughnesses. Mode III fracture surfaces revealed microstructural deformations characteristic of Mode II fracture.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750100505
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of interfaces of high-performance glass fibers and DGEBA-based epoxy resins using single-fiber-composite test (1989)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 10 (1989), S. 385-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The single-fiber-composite (SFC) technique was used to study the interfacial behavior between two flexible blends of diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)-based epoxy and polyglycol epoxide and three glass fibers. Dog-bone-shaped SFC specimens were made and strained to obtain a distribution of fragment lengths. The fibers were tension-tested at two different gauge lengths. The fragment length distributions, the fiber strength data, and a Monte Carlo simulation of a Poisson/Weibull model for fiber strength and flaws were used to obtain the effective interfacial shear strength values. The results show that the interface does not fail. Instead, penny-shaped transverse cracks appear at every fiber break and grow as the specimen is strained. The interfacial shear strength values are many times higher than the yield shear strength values of bulk epoxy obtained from the tension test.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750100602
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parameters affecting interlaminar stresses in tapered laminates under static loading conditions (1989)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 10 (1989), S. 374-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Tapered laminates by internal ply drop-offs have been studied. An extensive finite element program has been developed for microcomputers using displacement formulation. A 20 node, three dimensional element was used. Parameters which can influence the strength of the laminate were studied. These parameters include the location of the drop-off in the thickness direction, the degree of resin filling inside the drop-off, the shape of the drop-off, the effect of width of laminate, and the orientation of the lamina where the drop-off was made. Locations of failure based on maximum stress criterion were btained. Crack growth stimulation was also performed by consecutive removal of failed elements. Results show that crack growth is not continuous.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750100515
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of an aramid fiber under uniform compression (1982)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 3 (1982), S. 57-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new method of applying small (〈3 percent) and uniform compressive strains to organic fibers by shrinkage of a surrounding polymer matrix is reported. The results of this matrix-induced compression on the morphology and tensile properties of Kevlar fiber are examined.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750030202
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of a gripping system to test a uniaxial graphite fiber-reinforced composite (PMR 15/celion 6000) in tension at 316°C (1982)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 3 (1982), S. 75-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A gripping system has been developed to test uniaxial, 0° orientation PMR 15/Celion 6000 composites at elevated temperatures. The method involves compression of grit-blasted laminate between grit-blasted metal to give a non-slipping interface for load transfer. Tensile testing at both 316°C and room temperature indicated that deformation was elastic to fracture and that the variation in tensile properties for one laminate is the same as that for several panels. In addition, the tensile properties for uniaxial PMR 15/Celion 6000 are identical at 316°C and room temperature. For nominally 51 volume percent fiber, the elastic modulus is 119.6 GPa, the fracture stress is 1370 MPa, and the strain to fracture is about 1.15 percent. In addition, data are presented which indicate that the gripping system can be used for long term, elevated temperature testing of composite materials.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750030205
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1990)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 11 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750110101
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of internal stresses in a circular bilayered laminate glass-resin (1990)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 11 (1990), S. 19-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A previous paper has shown how it is possible to determine the stress induced in a bilayered circular laminate glass-resin under various conditions with a nondestructive method. In this paper a more precise mathematical analysis which allows prediction of the stress with time is given. In order to determine numerical values from the theoretical calculations, the relaxation function of the resin, g(t, T), and the shift factor, aT, of the time-temperature superposition principle have to be known. The relaxation function measured with the experimental setup, under biaxial stress conditions appears to be identical with the one determined by another laboratory under uniaxial compression stress. A systematic exploration of the influence of the different parameters, g(t, T), aT and the thermal expansion coefficient, α(T), shows that the most difficult parameter to determine with sufficient precision is aT. Working under different cooling conditions the experimental results have been compared with the theoretical predictions. The agreement is generally good and even very good for the fast cooling cycle for the final stress if one takes into account the thermomechanical properties of the resin during and after its curing.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750110104
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