ALBERT

Description: The vertical seismic profile, acquired with an array of 3C receivers and either a single source or several arranged in a multi-component configuration, provides an ideal high fidelity calibration tool for seismic projects involved in the application of seismic anisotropy. This book catalogues the majority of specialized tools necessary to work with P-P, P-S and S-S data from such Vertical seismic profiling surveys at the acquisition design, processing and interpretation stages. In particular, it discusses 3C, 4C, 6C and 9C Vertical seismic profiling, marine and land surveys with near and multiple offsets (walkways), azimuths (walkarounds) or a combination of both. These are considered for TIH or TIV flavours of seismic anisotropy arising from cracks, fractures, sedimentary layering, and shales. The anisotropic adaptation of familiar seismic methods for velocity analysis and inversion, reflected amplitude interpretation, are given together with more multi-component specific algorithms based upon the principles dictated by the vector convolutional model. Thus, multi-component methods are described that provide tests and compensation for source or receiver vector fidelity, tool rotation correction, layer stripping, near-surface correction, wavefield separation, and the Alford rotation with its variants. The work will be of interest to geophysicists involved in research or the application of seismic anisotropy using multi-component seismic. CONTENTS 1. Introduction. 2. Anisotropic replacement media. 3. Fundamentals of seismic anisotropy analysis. 4. Pre-requisites for near-offset Vertical seismic profiling analysis. 5. Anisotropy analysis from near-offset Vertical seismic profiling I - symmetry and uniformity. 6. Anisotropy analysis from far-offset Vertical seismic profiling II - asymmetry and non-uniformity. 7. Multiple-offset Vertical seismic profiling - kinematics. 8. Multiple-offset Vertical seismic profiling - dynamics. 9. The road ahead. Appendix - shear-wave birefringence analysis.

Description: Following the breakthrough in the last decade in identifying the key parameters for time and depth imaging in anisotropic media and developing practical methodologies for estimating them from seismic data, this title primarily focuses on the far reaching exploration benefits of anisotropic processing. This volume provides the first comprehensive description of reflection seismic signatures and processing methods in anisotropic media. It identifies the key parameters for time and depth imaging in transversely isotropic media and describes practical methodologies for estimating them from seismic data. Also, it contains a thorough discussion of the important issues of uniqueness and stability of seismic velocity analysis in the presence of anisotropy. The book contains a complete description of anisotropic imaging methods, from the theoretical background to algorithms to implementation issues. Numerous applications to synthetic and field data illustrate the improvements achieved by the anisotropic processing and the possibility of using the estimated anisotropic parameters in lithology discrimination.