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  • Aircraft Stability and Control  (30)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1945-1949  (30)
  • 1949  (12)
  • 1948  (18)
  • 1
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    The Development of Cambered Airfoil Sections Having Favorable Lift Characteristics at Supercritical Mach Numbers (1948)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Several groups of new airfoil sections, designated as the NACA 8-series, are derived analytically to have lift characteristics at supercritical Mach numbers which are favorable in the sense that the abrupt loss of lift, characteristic of the usual airfoil section at Mach numbers above the critical, is avoided. Aerodynamic characteristics determined, from two-dimensional windtunnel tests at Mach numbers up to approximately 0.9 are presented for each of the derived airfoils. Comparisons are made between the characteristics of these airfoils and the corresponding characteristics of representative NPiCA 6-series airfoils. The experimental results confirm the design expectations in demonstrating for the NACA S-series airfoils either no variation, or an Increase from the low-speed design value, In the lift coefficient at a constant angle of attack with increasing Mach number above the critical. It was not found possible to improve the variation with Mach number of the slope of the lift curve for these airfoils above that for the NACA 6-series airfoils. The drag characteristics of the new airfoils are somewhat inferior to those of the NACA 6- series with respect to divergence with Mach number, but the pitching-moment characteristics are more favorable for the thinner new sections In demonstrating somewhat smaller variations of moment coefficient with both angle of attack and Mach number. The effect on the aero&ynamic characteristics at high Mach numbers of removing the cusp from the trailing-edge regions of two 10-percent-chord-thick NACA 6-series airfoils is determined to be negligible.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-TN-1771
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Smooth-Water Landing Stability and Rough-Water Landing and Take-Off Behavior of a 1/13-Scale Model of the Consolidated Vultee Skate 7 Seaplane, TED No. NACA DE 338 (1949)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: A model of the Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation Skate 7 seaplane was tested in Langley tank no. 2. Presented without discussion in this paper are landing stability in smooth water, maximum normal accelerations occurring during rough-water landings, and take-off behavior in waves.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-RM-SL9H31
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  • 3
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    Supplementary Investigation in the Langley 20-Foot Free-Spinning Tunnel of the Spin and Recovery Characteristics of a 0.057-Scale Model of the Chance Vought XFU-1 Airplane, Ted No. NACA DE 311 (1948)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: An investigation has been conducted in the Langley 20-foot free-spinning tunnel to determine the effects of decreasing the rudder deflection, of decreasing the rudder span, and of differential rudder movements on the spin and recovery characteristics of a 0.057-scale model of the Chance Vought XF7U-1 airplane. The results indicated that decreasing the rudder span or the rudder deflections, individually or jointly, did not seriously alter the spin or recovery characteristics of the model; and recovery by normal use of controls (full rapid rudder reversal followed l/2 to 1 turn later by movement of the stick forward of neutral) remained satisfactory. Linking the original rudders so that the inboard rudder moves from full with the spin to neutral while the outboard rudder moves from neutral to full against the spin will also result in satisfactory spin and recovery characteristics. Calculations of rudder-pedal forces for recovery showed that the expected forces would probably be within the capabilities of a pilot but that it would be advisable to install some type of boost in the control system to insure easy and rapid movement of the rudders.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-RM-SL9H30a
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  • 4
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    Rotation in Free Fall of Rectangular Wings of Elongated Shape (1949)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: The present report of Mr. Dupleich is the summary of a very extensive experimental study of the well-known mechanical phenomenon: the rotation in free fall (* air, for instance) of more or less elongated rectangles cut out of paper or pasteboard. This phenomenon, the conditions for existence of which depend chiefly on the elongated of the small plate and its weight per unit area, is essentially an aerodynamic phenomenon and as such, raises questions of a certain interest to our department.We believe that the modern concepts of the mechanics of fluids do not have the range attributed to them.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-TM-1201 , Scientifiques et Techniques du Secretariat d'Etat a l'Aviation; Rept-178
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  • 5
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    Flight Measurements of the Longitudinal Stability and Control Characteristics of the Grumman F8F-1 Airplane, TED No. NACA 2379 (1948)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: A series of flight tests have been made at the Langley Flight Research Division at the request of the Bureau of Aeronautics, Department of the Navy, to determine the flying qualities of the Grumman F8F-1 air- plane. This paper presents the test results necessary to determine the longitudinal stability and control characteristics end the stalling characteristics. These tests were made between February and June of 1947- The range of Mach numbers covered in this investigation was approximately 0.10 to 0.62, and no attempt was made to investigate compressibility effects at higher Mach numbers. The lateral and directional stability and control characteristics of the subject airplane have already been reported (reference 1). Also presented in this paper is a discussion of the normal accelerations induced by yawing velocity and sideslip which were considered ob,jectionable by the pilot for this airplane. A discussion of the undesirable accelerations has been included with a view towards formulating some flying-qualities requirements limiting them.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-RM-SL8H27
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  • 6
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    Free-Spinning-Tunnel Tests of a 1/24-Scale Model of the North American XP-86 Airplane (1948)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: A spin investigation has been conducted in the Langley 20-foot free-spinning tunnel on a 1/24-scale model of the North American XP-86 airplane. The effects of control settings and movements upon the erect and inverted spin and recovery characteristics of the model were determined for the design gross weight loading. The long-range loading was also investigated and the effects of extending slats and dive flaps were determined. In addition, the investigation included the determination of the size of spin-recovery parachute required for emergency recovery from demonstration spins, the rudder force required to move the rudder for recovery, and the best method for the pilot to escape if it should become necessary to do so during a spin. The results of the investigation indicated that the XP-86 airplane will probably recover satisfactorily from erect and inverted spins for all possible loadings. It was found that fully extending both slats would be beneficial but that extending the dive brakes would cause unsatisfactory recoveries. It was determined that a 10.0-foot-diameter tail parachute with a drag coefficient of 0.7 and with a towline 30.0 feet long attached below the jet exit or a 6.0-foot-diameter wingtip parachute opened on the outer wing tip with a towline 6.0 feet long would insure recoveries from any spins obtainable. The rudder-pedal force necessary to move the rudder for satisfactory recovery was found to be within the physical capabilities of the pilot.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-RM-SL8D22
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  • 7
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    Preliminary Results of an Investigation by the Wing-Flow Method of the Longitudinal Stability Characteristics of a 1/50-Scale Semispan Model of the McDonnell XP-88 Airplane (1948)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: This paper presents the results of measurements of longitudinal stability of a 1/50-scale model of the XP-88 airplane by the wing-flow method. Lift, rolling-moment, hinge-moment, and pitching-moment characteristics as well as the downwash at the tail were measured over a Mach number range from approximately 0.5 to 1.05 at Reynolds numbers below 1,000,000. No measurements of drag were obtained. No abrupt changes due to Mach number were noted in any of the parameters measured. The data indicated that the wing was subject to early tip stalling; that the tail effectiveness decreased gradually with increasing Mach number up to M = 0.9, but increased again at higher Mach numbers; that the variation of downwash with angle of attack did not change appreciably with Mach number except between 0.95 and 1.0 where d(epsilon)/d(alpha), decreased from 0.46 to 0.32; that at zero lift with a stabilizer setting of -1.5 deg there was a gradually increasing nosing-up tendency with increasing Mach number; and that the control-fixed stability in maneuvers at constant speed gradually increased with increasing Mach number.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-RM-SL8E28A
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  • 8
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    Free-Spinning-Tunnel Tests of a 0.057-Scale Model of the Chance Vought XF7U-1 Airplane (1948)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: An investigation of the spin and recovery characteristics of a 0.057-scale model of the Chance Vought XF7U-1 airplane has been conducted in the Langley 20-foot free-spinning tunnel. The effects of control settings and movements on the erect and inverted spin and recovery characteristics were determined, as were also the effects of extending the wing slats, of center-of-gravity movement, and-of variation in the mass distribution. The investigation also included wing-tip spin-recovery-parachute tests, pilot-escape tests, and rudder-control-force tests. The investigation indicated that the spin and recovery characteristics of the airplane will be satisfactory for all conditions. It was found that a single 4.24-foot (full-scale) parachute when opened alone from the outboard wing tip or two 8.77-foot (full-scale) parachutes when opened simultaneously, one from each wing tip, would effect satisfactory emergency recoveries (the drag coefficients of the parachutes, based on the surface area of the parachute, were 0.83 and 0.70 for the 4.24- and 8.77-foot parachutes, respectively). The towline length in both cases was 25 feet (full scale). Tests results showed that, if the pilot should have to leave the airplane during a spin, he should jump from the outboard side (left side in a right spin) of the cockpit. The rudder-control force necessary for recovery from a spin was found to be rather high but appeared to be within the upper limits of a pilot's capabilities.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-RM-SL8A13
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  • 9
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    Ditching Tests of a 1/20-Scale Model of the Northrop B-35 Airplane (1948)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: Tests of a 1/20-scale dynamically similar model of the Northrop B-35 airplane were made to study its ditching characteristics. The model was ditched in calm water at the Langley tank no. 2 monorail. Various landing attitudes, speeds,and conditions of damage were simulated during the investigation. The ditching characteristics were determined by visual observation and from motion-picture records and time-history acceleration records. Both longitudinal and lateral accelerations were measured. Results are given in tabular form and time-history acceleration curves and sequence photographs are presented. Conclusions based on the model investigation are as follows: 1. The best ditching of the B-35 airplane probably can be made by contacting the water in a near normal landing attitude of about 9 deg with the landing flaps full down so as to have a low horizontal speed. 2. The airplane usually will turn or yaw but the motion will not be violent. The maximum lateral acceleration will be about 2g. 3. If the airplane does not turn or yaw immediately after landing, it probably will trim up and then make a smooth run or porpoise slightly. The maximum longitudinal decelerations that will be encountered are about 6g or 7g. 4. Although the decelerations are not indicated to be especially large, the construction of the airplane is such that extensive damage is to be expected, and it probably will be difficult to find ditching stations where crew members can adequately brace themselves and be reasonably sure of avoiding a large inrush of water.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-RM-SL8A29
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  • 10
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    Spin and Recovery Characteristics of the Northrop XF-89 Airplane (1949)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The spin and recovery characteristics of the Northrop XF-89 airplane, as well as the spin-recovery parachute requirements, the control forces that would be encountered in the spin, and the best method for the crew to attempt an emergency escape are presented in this report. The characteristics were mainly estimated rather than determined by model tests because the XF-89 dimensional and mass characteristics were such as to make this airplane similar to several others, models of which have previously been tested. Brief tests were made on an available model of similar design to augment the estimation. The results indicate that the recovery characteristics will be satisfactory for all airplane loadings if recovery is attempted by use of rudder followed by moving the elevator down. The rudder pedal forces will be within the capabilities of the pilot but the elevator stick forces will be beyond the pilot's capabilities unless a trim tab, or a booster is used. A 9.5-foot-diameter flat-type tail parachute or a 5.0-foot-diameter flat-type wing-tip parachute with a drag coefficient of 0.7 will be a satisfactory emergency spin-recovery device for spin demonstrations and if it is necessary for the crew to abandon the spinning airplane, they should leave from the outboard side of the cockpit.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-RM-SL9B28a
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  • 11
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    Wind-Tunnel Measurements on the Henschel Missile "Zitterrochen" in Subsonic and Supersonic Velocities (1948)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-17
    Description: At the request of the Henschel Aircraft Works. A. G. Berlin. three models of the missile "Zitterrochen" were investigated at subsonic velocities.(open jet 215-millimeter diameter) and at supersonic velocities (open jet 110 by 130 millimeters) in order to determine the effect of various wing forms on the air forces and moments. Three-component measurements were taken, and one model was also investigated with deflected control plates.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-TM-1159 , DLUM-3122 , Deutsche Luftfahrtforschung, Untersuchungen und Mitteilungen
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  • 12
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    Systematic model researches on the stability limits of the DVL series of float designs (1949)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: To determine the trim range in which a seaplane can take off without porpoising, stability tests were made of a Plexiglas model, composed of float, wing, and tailplane, which corresponded to a full-size research airplane. The model and full-size stability limits are in good agreement. After all structural parts pertaining to the air frame were removed gradually, the aerodynamic forces replaced by weight forces, and the moment of inertia and position of the center of gravity changed, no marked change of limits of the stable zone was noticeable. The latter, therefore, is for practical purposes affected only by hydrodynamic phenomena. The stability limits of the DVL family of floats were determined by a systematic investigation independent of any particular sea-plane design, thus a seaplane may be designed to give a run free from porpoising.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA/TM-1254
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  • 13
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    Tank Tests of a Powered Model of a Compression Plane, NACA Model 171A-2 (1948)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: The compression plane is intended for operation on or close to the surface of the water, and has a hull with a concave bottom which forms the upper surface of a tunnel into which air is forced under pressure to support part of the load. The results of the tests made in Langley tank no. 1 include values of the horizontal forces, trimming moment, and static pressure in the tunnel for a wide range of loads and speeds and two power conditions, and are presented in the form of curves against speed with load as a parameter. The results are scaled up to 10 times the model size for three conditions at which the model is self-propelled at a steady speed. Lift is obtained from the static pressure of air in the tunnel. In general, the ratio of the gross load to the total resistance increases with increase in load and decrease in speed. This ratio varies between l-7 and 5.7 at high speeds and has a maximum value of 7. The total resistance is nearly the same for both power conditions except at low speeds and heavy loads. No abrupt change in forces on the hull or flow around the hull occurs in. the region of zero draft. The centers of pressure are generally far aft. At the most efficient trim (1.2'), considerable bow-up moment would be required for practicable operation. There is no abrupt transition from the air-borne to the water- borne condition.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-RM-SL8G02
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  • 14
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    The Static-Pressure Error of a Wing Airspeed Installation of the McDonnell XF-88 Airplane in Dives to Transonic Speeds (1949)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: Measurements were made, in dives to transonic speeds, of the static-pressure position error at a distance of one chord ahead of the McDonnell XF-88 airplane. The airplane incorporates a wing which is swept back 35 deg along the 0.22 chord line and utilizes a 65-series airfoil with a 9-percent-thick section perpendicular to the 0.25-chord line. The section in the stream direction is approximately 8-percent thick. Data up to a Mach number of about 0.97 were obtained within an airplane normal-force-coefficient range from about 0.05 to about 0.68. Data at Mach numbers above about 0.97 were obtained within an airplane normal-force-coefficient range from about 0.05 to about 0.68. Results of the measurements indicate that the static-pressure error, within the accuracy of measurement, is negligible from a Mach number of 0.65 to a Mach number of about 0.97. With a further increase in Mach number, the static-pressure error increases rapidly; at the highest Mach number attained in these tests (about M = 1.038), the error increases to about 8 percent of the impact pressure. Above a Mach number of about 0.975, the recorded Mach number remains substantially constant with increasing true Mach number; the installation is of no value between a Mach number of about 0.975 and at least 1.038, as the true Mach number cannot be obtained from the recorded Mach number in this range. Previously published data have shown that at 0.96 chord ahead of the wing tip of the straight-wing X-l airplanes, a rapid rise of position error started at a Mach number of about 0.8. In the case of the XF-88 airplane, this rise of position error was delayed, presumably by the sweep of the wing, to a Mach number of about 0.97.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-RM-SL9I12
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  • 15
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    Wind-Tunnel Investigation of the Low-Speed Static Stability and Control Characteristics of a Model of the Bell MX-776 (RASCAL) in Combined Angle of Attack and Sideslip (1949)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: An investigation has been made in the Langley stability tunnel to determine the low-speed static stability and control characteristics of a model of the Bell MX-776. The results show the model to be longitudinally unstable in the angle-of-attack range around zero angle of attack and to become stable at moderate angles of attack. The results of the present investigation agree reasonably well with results obtained in other facilities at low speed. The present pitching-moment results at low Mach numbers also agree reasonably well with unpublished results of tests of the model at supersonic Mach numbers (up to Mach number 1.86). Unpublished results at moderate and high subsonic speeds, however, indicate considerably greater instability at low angles of attack than is indicated by low-speed results. The results of the present tests also showed that the pitching-moment coefficients for angles of attack up to 12deg remained fairly constant with sideslip angle up to 12deg. The elevators tested produced relatively large pitching moments at zero angle of attack but, as the angle of attack was increased, the elevator effectiveness decreased. The rate of decrease of elevator effectiveness with angle of attack was less for 8deg than for 20deg elevator deflection. Therefore although 8deg deflection caused an appreciable change in longitudinal trim angle and trim lift coefficient a deflection of 20deg caused only a small additional increase in trim angle and trim lift coefficient.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA RM-SL52D23
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  • 16
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    Measurements of the Longitudinal Stability and Control and Stalling Characteristics of a North American P-51H Airplane (AAF No. 4-64164) (1948)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: Flight tests have been made to determine the longitudinal stability and control and stalling characteristics of a North American P-51H airplane. The results indicate that the airplane has satisfactory longitudinal stability in all the flight conditions tested at normal loadings up to 25,000 feet altitude. At Mach numbers above 0.7, the elevator push force required for longitudinal trim decreased somewhat because of compressibility effects. The elevator stick force per g in accelerated turns at the forward center-of-gravity position of 24 percent mean aerodynamic chord above 250 miles per hour was in excess of the required limits at both 5,000 and 25,OOO feet altitude. The longitudinal-trim-force changes due to flaps and power were small, but the rudder-trim-force change with power change was high. The stalling characteristics in all the conditions tested were satisfactory.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-RM-SL8B24
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  • 17
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    Ditching Tests of a 1/24-Scale Model of the Lockheed XR60-1 Airplane, TED No. NACA 235 (1948)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: The ditching characteristics of the Lockheed XR60-1 airplane were determined by tests of a 1/24-scale dynamic model in calm water at the Langley tank no. 2 monorail. Various landing attitudes, flap settings, speeds, and conditions of damager were investigated. The ditching behavior was evaluated from recordings of decelerations, length of runs, and motions of the model. Scale-strength bottoms and simulated crumpled bottoms were used to reproduce probable damage to the fuselage. It was concluded that the airplane should be ditched at a landing attitude of about 5 deg with flaps full down. At this attitude, the maximum longitudinal deceleration should not exceed 2g and the landing run will be bout three fuselage lengths. Damage to the fuselage will not be excessive and will be greatest near the point of initial contact with the water.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-RM-SL8E17
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  • 18
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    Development of Spoiler Controls for Remote Control of Flying Missiles (1949)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: The present report deals with the aerodynamic, constructive, and instrumental development of a spoiler control for remote control of flying missiles.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-TM-1210 , ZWB Forschungsbericht; Rept-1717
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  • 19
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    Longitudinal Stability Characteristics of a 1/40-Scale Model of a Proposed Configuration of the XF-91 Airplane Measured by the Wing-Flow Method (1948)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: This report presents the results of an investigation in the transonic speed range of the longitudinal stability characteristics of a proposed configuration for the Republic XF-91 airplane. The tests covered a Mach number range of 0.55 to 1.05 and a Reynolds number range from 400,000 to 1,375,000. Lift, pitching-moment, and rolling-moment characteristics of the half model and the hinge moments on the all-moving tail were measured. The downwash factor delta x epsilon / delta x alpha at the tail was determined from the pitching-moment data. A calculation of the elevator deflection and stick force required for trim was also made. It was found that the variation of force and moment coefficients was linear through the test angle-of-attack range of -1 deg to 8 deg at any Mach number; that the stability increased markedly at Mach numbers above 0.85; that the effectiveness of the tail in producing pitching moments decreased about one-third with increasing Mach numbers and that the value of the downwash factor, delta x epsilon / delta x alpha, at the tail decreased from about 0.35 at a Mach number of 0.85 to about zero at a Mach number near 0.95 and became slightly negative at higher Mach numbers. The calculated values of stick force per g and elevator deflection per g, assuming no aerodynamic balance, increased rapidly above a Mach number of 0.85.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-RM-SL8K17
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  • 20
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    High-Speed Wind-Tunnel Investigation of the Lateral Stability Characteristics of a 0.10-Scale Model of the Grumman XF9F-2 Airplane, TED No. NACA DE 301 (1949)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: An investigation was made in the Langley high-speed 7- by 10-foot tunnel to determine the high-speed lateral and directional stability characteristics of a 0.10-scale model of the Grumman XF9F-2 airplane in the Mach number range from 0.40 to 0.85. The results indicate that static lateral and directional stability is present throughout the Mach number range investigated although in the Mach number range from 0.75 to 0.85 there is an appreciable decrease in rolling moment due to sideslip. Calculations of the dynamic stability indicate that according to current flying-quality requirements the damping of the lateral oscillation, although probably satisfactory for the sea-level condition, may not be satisfactory for the majority of the altitude conditions investigated
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-RM-Sl9G21A
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  • 21
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    Longitudinal Trim and Tumble Characteristics of a 0.057-Scale Model of the Chance Vought XF7U-1 Airplane, TED NO. NACA DE311 (1948)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: Based on results of longitudinal trim and tumble tests of a 0.057-scale model of the Chance Vought XF7U-1 airplane, the following conclusions regarding the trim and tumble characteristics of the airplane have been drawn: 1. The airplane will not trim at any unusual or uncontrolled angles of attack. 2. The airplane will not tumble with the center of gravity located forward of 24 percent of the mean aerodynamic chord. When the center of gravity is located at 24 percent of the mean aerodynamic chord and slats are extended and elevators are deflected full up, the airplane may tumble if given an external positive pitching moment. 3. The tumbling motion obtained will be readily terminated by deflecting the elevators full down so as to oppose the rotation. 4. The accelerations encountered during an established tumble may be dangerous to the pilot and, therefore, action should be taken to terminate a tumble immediately upon its inception. 5. Simultaneous opening of two wing-tip parachutes having diameters of 4 feet or larger and having drag coefficients of approximately 0.7 will effectively terminate the tumble. 6. Model results indicate that the pilot will not be struck by the airplane if it becomes necessary to leave the airplane during a tumble. The pilot may require aid from an ejection-seat arrangement.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-RM-SL8F14
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  • 22
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    Investigations on the Stability, Oscillation, and Stress Conditions of Airplanes with Tab Control: First Partial Report. Derivation of the Equations of Motion and their General Solutions (1949)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: For the design and the construction of airplanes the control is of special significance, not only with regard to the flight mechhnical properties but also for the proportional arrangement of wing unit, fuselage, and tail unit. whereas these problems may be regarded as solved for direct control of airplane motions, that is, for immediate operation of the control surfaces, they are not clarified as to oscimtions, stability, and stress phenomena occurring in flight motions with Indirect control, ss realized for instance in tab control. Its modus operandi is based on the activation of a tab hinged to the trailing edge & the main control surface. Due to lift and drag variations, mcments originate about the axis of rotation of the main contnol surface which cause an up-or--down floating of the main control surface and thus a change in the direction of the airplane. Since this tab control means flying with free control surface , the treatment of this problem should provide the basis on which to judge stability, oscilhtton, and stress data.The present report is to represent a contribution toward the clarification of the problems arising and, to treat the longitudinal motion of an airplane.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-TM-1197 , ZWB Forschungsbericht Nr. 2000; Rept-2000
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 23
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    Investigation of the Stability and Control Characteristics of a 1/10-Scale Model of the Chance Vought XF7U-1 Airplane in the Langley Free-Flight Tunnel, TED No. NACA DE306 (1948)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: At the request of the Bureau of Aeronautics, Navy Department, a stability and control investigation of a 1/10-scale model of the Chance Vought XF7U-1 airplane has been conducted in the Langley free-flight tunnel. Results of force end flight tests to determine the power-off stability and control characteristics of the model with slats retracted and extended are presented herein. The longitudinal and lateral stability characteristics were satisfactory for both the slats retracted and extended conditions over the lift range up to the stall. With the slats retracted, the stall was fairly gentle but the model rolled off out of control. With the slats extended, control could be maintained at the stall so that the wings could be kept level even as the model dropped.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-RM-SL8A19
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 24
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    Free-Spinning-Tunnel Tests of a 1/24-Scale Model of the Grumman XF9F-2 Airplane, TED No. NACA DE 317 (1948)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: An investigation of the spin and recovery characteristics of a scale model of the Grumman XF9F-2 airplane has been conducted in the Langley 20-foot free-spinning tunnel. The effects of control settings and movements on the erect and inverted spin and recovery characteristics of the model in the flight loading were determined. The investigation also included spin-recovery-parachute, pilot-escape, and rudder-pedal- . force tests. The recovery characteristics of the model were satisfactory for all configurations tested. Spins for the normal control configuration were oscillatory in roll and yaw. Deflecting the leading-edge flaps or the dive brakes did not change the spin and recovery characteristics of the model noticeably. A 10.0-foot tail parachute or a 6.0-foot wing-tip parachute (drag coefficient of 0.75) was found to be effective for recoveries from demonstration spins. The rudder forces in the spin appeared to be within the capabilities of the pilot.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-RM-SL7L09
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 25
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    Ditching Tests of Two Models of the Army B-36 Airplane (1948)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: The ditching characteristics of the Army B-36 airplane were determined by testing 1/20- and 1/30-scale dynamic models in calm water in Langley tank no. 2 and at the outdoor catapult. The scope of the tests consisted of ditching the models at various conditions of simulated damage, landing attitudes, and speeds, with various flap settings using several degrees of restraint of the flap hinges. The ditching behavior was evaluated from recordings of deceleration, length of run, and motions of the models. The results showed that the airplane should be ditched at an attitude of about 9 deg with flaps full down. The probable ditching behavior will be a smooth run with a maximum longitudinal deceleration of 3g to 4g and a landing run of 4 to 5 fuselage lengths. Structural failure of the underside of the fuselage will not seriously affect the behavior of the airplane.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-RM-SL8B25
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 26
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    Spin Tests of 1/20-Scale Models of the Chance Vought Revised XF6U-1 and F6U-1 Airplanes, TED No. NACA 2390 (1948)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: An investigation has been conducted in the Langley 20-foot free-spinning tunnel on the 1/20-scale model of the Chance Vought XF6U-1 airplane altered to represent the XF6U-1 airplane as it will be spin-tested in flight, and also altered to represent the F6U-1 airplane as it will be produced for service use. Spin tests were made to determine the effects of control settings and movements at the normal loading. The results show that the spins obtained on the revised XF6U-1 airplane will be oscillatory in roll and yaw and that recoveries by rudder reversal will be rapid. Model test results indicate that the F6U-1 airplane will probably not spin. Inasmuch as the results of this investigation show that the new designs are as good as or better than the original XF6U-1 design in regard to spin recovery, it is felt that the conclusions and recommendations reached for the original design can be applied to the new designs for all loading conditions.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-RM-SL8F03
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 27
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    On the Motions of an Oscillating System Under the Influence of Flip-Flop Controls (1949)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: So-called flip-flop controls (also called "on-off-course controls") are frequently preferred to continuous controls because of their simple construction. Thus they are used also for the steering control of airplanes. Such a body possesses-even if one thinks, for instance, only of the symmetric longitudinal motion - three degrees of freedom so that a study of its motions under the influence of an intermittent control is at least lengthy. Thus, it is suggested that an investigation of the basic effect of such a control first be made on a system with one degree of freedom. Furthermore, we limit ourselves in the resent report to the investigation of an "ideal" control where the control surface immediately obeys the command given by the "steering control function". Thus the oscillation properties of the control surface and the defects in linkage, sensing element, and mixing device are, at first, neglected. As long as the deviations from the "ideal" control may be neglected in practice, also the motion of the control surface takes place at the heat of the motion of the principal system. The aim of our investigation is to obtain a survey of the influence of the system and control coefficients on the damping behavior which is to be attained.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-TM-1237 , ZWB Untersuchungen und Mitteilungen Nr. 1326; Rept-1326
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 28
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    Evaluation of Gust and Draft Velocities from Flights of P-61C Airplanes within Thunderstorms September 10, 1947 to September 15, 1947 at Clinton County Army Air Field, Ohio (1948)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: The gust and draft velocities from records of NACA instruments installed in P-61C airplanes participating in thunderstorm flights at Clinton County Army Air Field, Ohio, from September 10, 1947 to September 15, 1947, are presented.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-RM-L8C31
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  • 29
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    Investigation of Stability and Control Characteristics of a 1/10-scale Model of a Canadian Tailless Glider in the Langley Free-flight Tunnel (1949)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: An investigation of the stability and control characteristics of a 1/10-scale model of a Canadian tailless glider has been conducted in the 10 Langley free-flight tunnel. The glider designated the N.R.L. tailless glider has a straight center section and outboard panels sweptback 43 deg. along the leading edge of the wing. The aspect ratio is 5.83 and the taper ratio is 0.323. From the results of the investigation and on the basis of comparison with higher-scale static tests of the National Research Council of Canada, it is expected that the longitudinal stability of the airplane will be satisfactory with flap up but unsatisfactory near the stall with flap down. The airplane is expected to have unsatisfactory lateral stability and control characteristics in the design configuration with either flap up or flap down. The model flights showed very low damping of the lateral oscillation. Increasing the vertical-tail area improved the lateral stability, and it appeared that a value of the directional-stability parameter C(sub n beta) of at least 0.002 per degree would probably be necessary for satisfactory lateral flying characteristics. A comparison of the calculated dynamic lateral stability characteristics of the N.R.L. tailless glider with those of a conventional-type sweptback airplane having a similar wing plan form and about the same inclination of the principal longitudinal axis of inertia showed that the tailless glider had poorer lateral stability because of the relatively larger radius of gyration in roll and the smaller damping-in-yaw factor C(sub nr).
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-RM-SL9C28
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 30
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    Preliminary Results of a Free-Flight Investigation of the Static Stability and Aileron Control Characteristics of 1/6 Scale Models of the Bell MX-776 (1949)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: An investigation of the static longitudinal stability, static directional stability, and aileron control characteristics at transonic and supersonic speeds is being made of 1/6 scale rocket-propelled model of the Bell MX-776. A stability investigation has been made of two symmetrical models with controls undeflected and centers of gravity one-half and one-body diameter, respectively, ahead of the equivalent design center-of-gravity location of the full-scale version. Both models developed large normal-force coefficients in both the subsonic and supersonic ranges which indicated longitudinal instability at low angles of attack. The side-force coefficients were small for both models and indicated that the models were directionally stable. A possible tendency toward dynamic directional instability in the transonic region was indicated by short-period oscillations of the side forces. The results showed a partial-span inboard aileron to be ineffective or to cause negative control in the the transonic region when deflected approximately 5 deg but not when deflected 10 deg. An investigation of drag showed it to increase with a rearward movement of the center of gravity. This indicates an increase in the trim angle of attack as could be caused by a decrease in static stability.
    Keywords: Aircraft Stability and Control
    Type: NACA-RM-SL9D21
    Format: application/pdf
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