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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This doctoral thesis deals with crinoids from the Middle Devonian (U. Eifelian to L. Givetian) of the Eifel Synclines (western Rhenish Massif, Germany) and secondary with U. Eifelian to U. Givetian crinoids of the eastern Rhenish Massif. The study focuses on new recovered material and on material deposit in historical collections. Since the classic monographs of the early 19th century, crinoids are nearly unstudied in modern view. They are only periphery mentioned within the standard works Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology and Fossil Crinoids. The Eifel has to be characterised as the global hotspot of Middle Devonian crinoids. Because of the high diversity, selected groups of each of the four occurring Palaeozoic subclasses are studied in the course of this work: 1. The subfamily Cupressocrininae (subclass Cladida); 2. the family Hexacrinitidae (subclass Camerata); 3. the genus Stylocrinus (subclass Disparida); 4. the genus Ammonicrinus (subclass Flexibilia). Altogether, four families, eight genera and 66 species are described taxonomically. 10 new species are erected newly. Based on the excellent three-dimensional preservation of the partly autochthon conserved skeletons and their ecological-/facial response, the Eifel crinoids gave important information about the palaeodiversity, palaeobiology and palaeoecology: Regeneration processes in cupressocrinitids and hexacrinitids correspond with that features defined for recent echinoderms. Because of their important functions, the regeneration of injured arms is more perfect than those of affected cups. Hexacrinites contra balanced the general smallness of the regenerative arms by an increased pinnulated surface ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 560 ; VZB 121 ; VWG 600 ; VXR 000 ; Rheinisches Schiefergebirge {Paläontologie} ; Devon {Stratigraphische Paläontologie} ; Echinodermata {Paläozoologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 263 S.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 560 ; VDH 200 ; VEX 100 ; VWH 200 ; VZX 100 ; VKB 380 ; Jura ; Anden {Geologie} ; Jura {Stratigraphische Paläontologie} ; Anden {Paläontologie} ; Sedimente bestimmter Regionen
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 3
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: research
    Keywords: 560 ; VU 000 ; Geobiologie
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 4
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    Selbstverlag der "Freunde der Wuerzburger Geowissenschaften"
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Auf Grundlage umfangreicher Neuaufsammlungen wird die Muschelfauna der Nayband-Formation monographisch dokumentiert, wobei die folgenden 21 Arten neu aufgestellt werden: Palaeonucula biacuta, Trigonucula goniocostata, Nuculana (Nuculana) naibandensis, Parallelodon tectum, Mysidiella imago, Gervillia (Cultriopsis) canalis, Isognomon repini, Indopecten uninodosus, Antiquilima hians, Weixiella lutensis, Gruenewaldia iranica, Gruenewaldia magna, Myophoricardium subquadratum, Praeconia matura, Coelopis (Coelopis) aurea, Opis (Trigonopis?) eumorpha, Opis (Trigonopis?) douglasi, Palaeocardita iranica, Palaeocardita stoecklini, Palaeocardita carinata und Antiquicorbula (gen. nov.) concentrica. 51 Muschelarten der Nayband-Formation werden als bereits beschriebene Arten identifiziert, 32 Taxa auf Grund unvollständiger Erhaltung in offener Nomenklatur geführt. Die höchste Diversität besitzen die Pteriomorphia mit 51 Arten (49 %), gefolgt von den Heterodonta mit 22 Arten (21,2 %), den Palaeoheterodonta und Anomalodesmata mit je 12 Arten (11,5 %) und schließlich den Palaeotaxodonta mit 7 Arten (6,7 %). In der Familie Permophoridae wird die neue Gattung Healeya, in der Familie Corbulidae die neue Gattung Antiquicorbula und in der Familie Trigoniidae die neue Untergattung Trigonia (Modestella) vorgeschlagen. Die Diagnosen der Gattungen Trigonucula, Mysidiella, Primahinnites, Indopecten, Gruenewaldia und Vietnamicardium werden revidiert. Die Gattung Primahinnites wird den Aviculopectinidae an Stelle der Prospondylidae zugeordnet, die Gattung Weixiella den Permophoridae an Stelle der Pachycardiidae. Die Familie Mysidiellidae ist u. a. auf Grund schalenmikrostruktureller Merkmale vermutlich zu den Ambonychioidea zu stellen und nicht, wie bisher meist angenommen, zu den Mytiloidea. Die von CARTER (1990) angeführten Argumente für eine Zugehörigkeit der Permophoridae zu den Modiomorphoidea werden durch das untersuchte Material bestätigt. Bei den Prospondylidae, Plicatulidae, Dimyidae und Ostreidae findet die von HAUTMANN (2001) gegebene Revision dieser Familien Anwendung, wobei die Diskussion über die taxonomische Relevanz der Schalenmikrostruktur vertieft wird. Aus funktionsmorphologischen Überlegungen, Vergleichen mit rezenten Arten und dem jeweiligen Fundzusammenhang wird die Lebensweise der einzelnen Taxa rekonstruiert. Obwohl die meisten Muschelarten der Nayband-Formation unverfestigte Substrate bewohnten, erreichte erstmals in der Erdgeschichte auch die Besiedlung von Hartsubstraten durch Muscheln eine größere Bedeutung. Die Erschließung dieses Lebensraumes gelang taxonomisch unabhängigen Gruppen mit Hilfe verschiedener Anpassungen (byssate Verankerung, Zementation, chemisches Bohren) und Besiedlungsstrategien (Begleitfauna in Korallen- und Schwammriffen, eigenständige Riffbildung, Epökie). Ein hoher Endemismusgrad insbesondere bei flachmarinen Muschelarten rechtfertigt es, die Tethys in der Obertrias als eigenes Faunenreich anzusehen. Die Stellung der Nayband-Muschelfauna innerhalb der Tethys lässt sich wegen der ungeklärten paläogeographischen Lage vieler Obertriasvorkommen nur im Rahmen einer Gesamtanalyse der Faunenbeziehungen verstehen, die ihrerseits wiederum eine unabhängige Bewertung konkurrierender plattentektonischer Modelle erlaubt. Das Verbreitungsmuster von Muschelgattungen und -arten zeigt die Existenz einer Westtethys- und einer Osttethys-Provinz auf, wobei letztere in eine Tethysnordrand- und Tethyssüdrand-Subprovinz zerfällt. Der Tethysnordrand-Subprovinz sind u. a. Iran, Yunnan, Vietnam und Burma zuzurechnen, nicht jedoch der Lhasa-Block, der enge Faunenbeziehungen zur Tethyssüdrand-Subprovinz zeigt. Die paläobiogeographische Analyse stützt damit die relativ neue These von der Existenz einer „Känotethys“ bzw. „Tethys III“, durch deren Öffnung der Lhasa-Block erst am Ende der Trias von Gondwana abgetrennt wurde. Die faunistische Eigenständigkeit des Westtethysraumes geht vermutlich auf die engräumige fazielle Gliederung dieses Gebietes zurück, durch die einerseits Faunenaustausch behindert, andererseits Speziation und damit letztlich auch die Neuentstehung höherer Taxa begünstigt wurde. Die Endemisten dieser Provinz waren vom Massenaussterben an der Trias/Jura-Grenze weit weniger betroffen als jene der Osttethys-Provinz und konnten sich mit der Unterjura-Transgression vielfach auch überregional ausbreiten. Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass für das Verbreitungsmuster obertriadischer Muscheln in der Tethys die Prozesse Artenneuentstehung, Ausbreitung und Vikarianz gleichermaßen, wenn auch mit lokal unterschiedlicher Bedeutung verantwortlich waren.
    Description: The Upper Triassic (Norian-Rhaetian) Nayband-Formation of east-central Iran contains an exceptionally well-preserved bivalve fauna with more than 100 species adapted to a large spectrum of habitats. Based on new material, the present thesis provides a monographic description and taxonomic discussion of this fauna, gives a reconstruction of its mode of life and clarifies its palaeobiogeographic relations. Out of 104 documented taxa, the following 21 species are new: Palaeonucula biacuta, Trigonucula goniocostata, Nuculana (Nuculana) naibandensis, Parallelodon tectum, Mysidiella imago, Gervillia (Cultriopsis) canalis, Isognomon repini, Indopecten uninodosus, Antiquilima hians, Weixiella lutensis, Gruenewaldia iranica, Gruenewaldia magna, Myophoricardium subquadratum, Praeconia matura, Coelopis (Coelopis) aurea, Opis (Trigonopis?) eumorpha, Opis (Trigonopis?) douglasi, Palaeocardita iranica, Palaeocardita stoecklini, Palaeocardita carinata, and Antiquicorbula (gen. nov.) concentrica. A total of 51 species are already known, and 32 incompletely preserved taxa are presented in open nomenclature. The most diverse group are the Pteriomorphia with 51 species (49 %), followed by the Heterodonta with 22 species (21,2 %), the Palaeoheterodonta and Anomalodesmata with 12 species (11,5 %) each, and finally the Palaeotaxodonta with 7 species (6,7 %). On the basis of the examined material, the diagnoses of the genera Trigonucula, Mysidiella, Primahinnites, Indopecten, Gruenewaldia and Vietnamicardium are revised, and the following new genera and subgenera are proposed: Healeya within the family Permophoridae, Antiquicorbula within the family Corbulidae and Trigonia (Modestella) within the family Trigoniidae. The genus Primahinnites is transferred from Prospondylidae to Aviculopectinidae and the genus Weixiella from Pachycardiidae to Permophoridae. On grounds of morphological and shell microstructural characters, the Mysidiellidae are classified with the Ambonychioidea rather than with the Mytiloidea. The recently proposed integration of the Permophoridae within the Modiomorphoidea is confirmed by the examined material. The revision of the families Prospondylidae, Plicatulidae, Dimyidae and Ostreidae by HAUTMANN (2001) is adopted and extended with respect to the taxonomic relevance of the shell microstructure. The mode of life of the various taxa is reconstructed on the basis of field observations, constructional morphology and comparisons with Recent species. Although most species of the Nayband-Formation occupied habitats characterized by soft substrates, colonization of hard substrates by bivalves achieved significant importance for the first time in Earth´s history. Different taxonomic groups succeeded in entering this habitat by means of various adaptations (byssal attachment, cementation, chemically boring) and settling strategies (dwelling within coral and sponge reefs, framework-constructing, epifaunal settling). A high degree of endemism, especially among shallow marine bivalves, supports categorization of the Tethys region as a separate faunal realm. Owing to the uncertain palaeogeographic position of many Upper Triassic formations, understanding the relations of the Nayband bivalves to other Tethyan bivalve faunas requires an overall analysis of the faunal connections, which, in turn, allows an independent judgement of different palaeogeographic reconstructions and plate tectonic models. The distribution pattern of bivalve genera and species suggests the existence of a western and eastern Tethys province, with the latter divided into a northern and southern subprovince. The northern subprovince comprises (among others) Iran, Yunnan, Vietnam and Burma, but not the Lhasa-block, which proved to belong to the southern subprovince. The palaeobiogeographic analysis therefore supports the hypothesis that this block was attached to Gondwana until the end of the Triassic and became separated later by opening of a "Ceno-Tethys" ocean. The faunal peculiarity of the western Tethys area is probably owing to its strongly differentiated facies pattern, which hindered faunal exchange, favoured speciation and finally led to the rise of higher taxa. Compared with the endemics of the Eastern Tethys Province, those of the Western Tethys Province were much less affected by the mass extinction event at the end of the Triassic, and many of them were able to disperse into wide areas during the ensuing Liassic transgression. The overall distribution pattern shown by the palaeobiogeographic analysis is not controlled by a single factor, but rather is the result of an interplay of speciation, dispersal and vicariance.
    Description: DFG-Projekt FU131/19
    Description: research
    Keywords: 560 ; VXM 000 ; VXD 000 ; VZI 700 ; VDH 100 ; VWH 100 ; VEI 700 ; Mollusca {Paläozoologie} ; Invertebratenfaunen verschiedener Formationen und Gebiete ; Iran {Paläontologie} ; Trias ; Trias {Stratigraphische Paläontologie} ; Iran {Geologie} ; Muscheln ; Trias ; Iran ; Nayband-Formation ; Taxonomie ; Schalenmikrostruktur ; Paläobiogeographie ; Palökologie ; Bivalves ; Triassic ; Naiband Formation ; biogeography ; taxonomy ; palaeoecology ; 38.22 ; 38.23
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion , monograph
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: research
    Keywords: 560 ; VU 000 ; Geobiologie
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: research
    Keywords: 560 ; VU 000 ; Geobiologie
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: research
    Keywords: 560 ; VU 000 ; Geobiologie
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: research
    Keywords: 560 ; VU 000 ; Geobiologie
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: research
    Keywords: 560 ; VU 000 ; Geobiologie
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Funde von pleistozänen Großsäugern sind in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (NE-Deutschland) wegen der starken Dominanz glazigener Sedimente mit ungünstigem Erhaltungspotential vergleichsweise selten (Benecke 2002, Meng et al. 2010). Trotzdem gelang erst kürzlich mit dem Fund eines Backenzahnfragmentes bei Neubrandenburg für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern der erste sichere Nachweis des Europäischen Waldelefanten Elephas antiquus Falconer & Cautley, 1847 (Meng 2011).
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 560 ; 554.3 ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; Fossilien ; Neubrandenburg ; Waldelefant ; Elphas antiquus
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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