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  • 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions  (7)
  • Elsevier  (7)
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • 2005-2009  (7)
  • 2007  (7)
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  • 2005-2009  (7)
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  • 1
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    Mid-distal occurrences of the Albano Maar pyroclastic deposits and their relevance for reassessing the eruptive scenarios of the most recent activity at the Colli Albani Volcanic District, Central Italy (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-25
    Description: The Late Pleistocene Albano Maar hosted the most recent volcanic activity of the Colli Albani Volcanic District, represented at nearvent sections by a thick pyroclastic succession of seven units clustered in two main eruptive cycles dated at around 70–68 and 41–36 ka B.P., respectively. Recent stratigraphic investigations allowed us to recognise a pyroclastic succession comprising four eruptive units widely spread in the northeastern sectors of the Colli Albani volcano, up to 15km eastward from the Albano Maar. Integrated tephrostratigraphic, morpho-pedostratigraphic, archaeological, petrological and geochemical analyses enable us to recognise them as distal deposits of the first, third, fifth and seventh Albano Maar eruptions, enlarging significantly their previously supposed dispersion area. Further tephrostratigraphic studies in central Apennine area, allowed us to identify the Albano Maar products in Late Pleistocene deposits of several intermountain basins, extending still further the dispersion area of distal ash fallout as far as 100–120km from the vent. On the basis of the identification and the study of these previously unrecognised mid-distal Albano Maar deposits, a reappraisal of the eruptive scenarios and related energetic parameters is proposed.
    Description: Published
    Description: 160–178
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Colli Albani ; Albano ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    An advanced video-based system for monitoring active volcanoes (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Video surveillance systems are consolidated techniques for monitoring eruptive phenomena in volcanic areas. Along with these systems, which use standard video cameras, people working in this field sometimes make use of infrared cameras providing useful information about the thermal evolution of eruptions. Real-time analysis of the acquired frames is required, along with image storing, to analyze and classify the activity of volcanoes. Human effort and large storing capabilities are hence required to perform monitoring tasks. In this paper we present a new strategy aimed at improving the performance of video surveillance systems in terms of human-independent image processing and storing optimization. The proposed methodology is based on real-time thermo-graphic analysis of the area considered. The analysis is performed by processing images acquired with an IR camera and extracting information about meaningful volcanic events. Two software tools were developed. The first provides information about the activity being monitored and automatically adapts the image storing rate. The second tool automatically produces useful information about the eruptive activity encompassed by a selected frame sequence. The software developed includes a suitable user interface allowing for convenient management of the acquired images and easy access to information about the volcanic activity monitored.
    Description: Published
    Description: 85-91
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Volcano monitoring ; Image processing ; Smart storing rate ; Eruption data ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 483034 bytes
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  • 3
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    New integrated geodetic monitoring system at Stromboli volcano (Italy) (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Stromboli is a composite volcano, rising about 2.5 km above the sea floor, whose top lies about 1 km above the sea level forming the northernmost island of the Aeolian Archipelago volcanic arc (Tyrrhenian Sea). On December 28th, 2002, lava flows outpoured from the northern wall of NE crater and come down in the Sciara del Fuoco (SdF), a deep depression that marks the NW flank of the volcano edifice. On December 30th, 2002, two landslides occurred on the northern part of the SdF; it moved a mass in the order of tens of millions of cubic meters both above and below the sea level. The landslide produced a tsunami that causes significant damage on the eastern cost of the island, reaching the others Aeolian Islands and the Sicilian and south Italian coasts. This event lead to the upgrade of the ground deformation monitoring system, already existing on the island; the new requirement was the real-time detection of the deformations related to potential slope failures of the SdF. To this aim, a remotely controlled monitoring system, based both on GPS and topographic techniques was planned and set up in few months. The new monitoring system allowed to continuously measure the ground deformations occurring on the SdF, by integrating both terrestrial topographic and satellite geodetic techniques. Despite this system was severely damaged during the 7-months lasting eruption, it allowed to monitor important eruptive phases. For the first time, an accurate data set about the actual mass movements of the SdF and the crater area was available. It provided data that significantly supported the Civil Protection Authorities in making decisions and constrain the hypothesis about the landslide movements and volcanic activity. After the end of the eruption, the system was reinstated in order to optimize the instruments and to set up a monitoring system aimed at measuring deformations forecasting other flank collapses.
    Description: Dipartimento Nazionale della Protezione Civile
    Description: Published
    Description: 13–31
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Stromboli ; Ground deformation ; Real-time monitoring ; Eruption forecasting ; Landslide forecasting ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.09. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Tephra fallout of 2001 Etna flank eruption: Analysis of the deposit and plume dispersion (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Tephra fallout represented a major source of hazard for eastern Sicily during the 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna (Italy) between 19 July and 6 August. Long-lasting explosive activity was generated from the 2570 m vent, producing a volcanic plume up to 5 km high above sea level. The eruption caused copious lapilli and ash fallout over the volcano flanks for several days. Flight operations were cancelled at the Catania and Reggio Calabria airports; health risk and economic damage put communities living close to this active volcano on the alert. The explosive activity at the 2570 m vent had three main phases characterized by phreatomagmatic, magmatic and vulcanian explosions. In this paper, we analyze the first explosive phase between 19 and 24 July that formed a tephra deposit on the volcano's south-east flanks. Immediately after the first phase of the eruption, numerous tephra samples were collected in order to draw an isomass map, calculate physical parameters for the eruption and analyze the plume dispersion on the basis of deposit geometry. The tephra deposit shows a bilobate shape due to the change with time of both the vigour of the eruption and the wind direction and velocity that caused a higher rate of particle accumulation along two dispersal axes (SE and SSE). The total mass of tephra erupted was calculated with two different fitting methods: exponential line segments and a power law fit on the semi-logarithmic plot of mass per unit area versus , resulting in values of 1.02 109 kg and 2.31 109 kg, respectively. The whole deposit grain-size was calculated applying the Voronoi tessellation method, it shows a mode of 2 and thus indicates a high degree of magma fragmentation during the first phase of the eruption. Plume dispersal was investigated by an advection–diffusion model to reconstruct the tephra deposit. In the modelling, we took into account the variations of wind direction and velocity, and eruption intensity by dividing the explosive phase into sixteen sub-eruptions and considering the final deposit as the sum of the mass computed for each sub-eruption. Using best fit procedures, we find that the optimal agreement between computed values and field data is obtained by using the total mass calculated with the power law fit and a terminal settling velocity distribution with a particle aggregation model. The computed tephra dispersal was able to reproduce the bilobate shape of the real deposit. This work proves that advection–diffusion models can describe sedimentation processes of weak, i.e., bent-over, long-lasting plumes if the variations of wind direction and velocity, and eruptive intensity are included.
    Description: Published
    Description: 147-164
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; basaltic explosive activity ; violent strombolian eruption ; tephra deposit ; dispersal modelling ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Explosive activity at mt. etna summit craters and source modeling by using high precision continuous tilt (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We investigated the relationships between modelled strain produced by explosive activity through a volcanic conduit, observed paroxystic episodes on Mt. Etna, and high-precision continuous tilt signals recorded during such events from the tilt monitoring network. The tilt changes detected during two different explosive episodes were compared with those calculated from analytical models of ground deformation in order to constrain source properties. The July 22, 1998 subplinian explosion from Voragine crater produced small tilt changes (order of 0.5–1.5 μrad) recorded over the entire volcano edifice, implying a small storage at nearly 2.5 km below sea level. The 1998–2000 period was characterized by tens of spectacular lava fountains from the South-East crater. Very small tilt change (∼ 0.1 μrad) was recorded by a single station on the high north-eastern flank of Mt. Etna and indicated the action of a limited and shallow conduit with 1.5–1.9 km depth. These results provide a contribution to better infer the shallow plumbing system beneath Mt. Etna.
    Description: Published
    Description: 221–234
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: explosive activity ; tilt data ; volcano source modeling ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Volcanic aerosol optical characteristics of Mt. Etna tropospheric (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Tropospheric volcanic plume features have been derived from airborne multispectral images collected during field measurement campaigns at the Mt. Etna volcano in June 1997, during a quiescent period, and in July 2001 during an eruptive period. Results have been obtained in terms of mapping the volcanic aerosol optical thickness (AOT), the A ˚ ngstro¨ m parameters and the water vapor content using different bands from visible to infrared. The AOT values show average values of 0.1 and 1, for quiescent and eruptive plumes, respectively, demonstrating that this geophysical parameter well indicates a major contribution of particulates in the explosive plume with respect to the quiescent one. The mapping of A ˚ ngstro¨ m parameters, in the explosive case, indicates the presence of larger particles and their distribution along the plume, while in the quiescent case indicates the particle size is dominated by small particles with an effective radius about 1 mm. Further in the quiescent case, the map of water vapor shows low values indicating that water vapor emitted condenses mainly in aerosols.
    Description: Published
    Description: 981-994
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Mt. Etna; Volcanic aerosol; Mivis; Radiative transfer model ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    A case history of paroxysmal explosion at Stromboli: Timing and dynamics of the April 5, 2003 event (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-16
    Description: On April 5, 2003, Stromboli volcano (Italy) produced the most violent explosion of the past 50 years. The event was exceptionally well documented thanks to the presence on the island of several scientists and a large number of instruments deployed over the preceding months to monitor the effusive eruption that began in December 2002. Integration of visual documentation, deposit features and geophysical data allowed an accurate reconstruction of the explosive event and its dynamics. The eruption consisted of a 8-min long explosive event which evolved through four phases whose timing was precisely recorded by an infrared thermometer located about 450 m from the summit crater. Phases 2 and 3 lasted 39 and 42 s, respectively. Both had an impulsive character, were responsible for ejecting almost the entire mass of the pyroclastic products. Phases 1 and 4 represented, respectively, a short-lived precursory event and a waning tale. During Phase 2, meter-sized ballistic blocks were launched with velocities of 170 m/s to altitudes of up to 1400 m above the craters. These fell on the volcano flanks and on the village of Ginostra, about 2 km distant from the vent. A vertical jet rose above the craters which developed to feed a convective plume that reached a height of up to 4 km. The calculated mass of the Phase 2 fallout deposit and mass discharge rate were 1.1–1.4×108 kg and 2.8– 3.6×106 kg/s, respectively. During Phase 3 a scoria flow deposit, with an estimated volume of 0.9–1.1×104 m3, was erupted from the same vent that fed the ongoing sustained lava flow. The average mass discharge rate for this phase was 2.5–3.1×105 kg/s. Products emitted during Phases 2 and 3 consisted of lithic and fresh magmatic material in similar proportions. The juvenile fraction consisted of a deep-originated, almost aphyric, highly vesicular pumice mingled with a shallow-derived, crystal-rich, moderately vesicular scoria. Similarities with the eruption dynamics of other historical paroxysms at Stromboli makes the April 5, 2003 explosion representative of these highly energetic events that constitute the most hazardous volcanic phenomena at Stromboli volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: 594-606
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: stromboli ; Thermal monitoring; paroxysm ; explosive dynamics ; ballistic ejecta ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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