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  • 1
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    Quaternary slip-rates probabilistic estimation for the Northern Apennines frontal thrust in the Po Plain (Northern Italy) by integrating surface and subsurface data (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: The Northern Apennines thrust front in the Po basin exhibits active blind thrusts and associated anticlines, with some anticline crests either emerging or shallowly buried beneath late Pleistocene continental deposits. This study focuses on the outcropping San Colombano Structure and its buried neighbouring Casalpusterlengo-Zorlesco Structure, representing thrust-controlled anticlines in the central part of the Po basin. We reconstruct the Pleistocene evolution of these anticlines by integrating previously published surface geological maps and subsurface geological constraints from geophysical data and boreholes. We performed a trishear inversion of the deformation observed after the decompaction of the sediments. We used the solutions of the trishear inversion to compute the probabilistic distribution of slip rates over distinct time intervals. Our findings align with previous estimations of long-term slip rates in the Po Plain during the Quaternary, revealing rates of approximately 0.63 mm/yr and 0.53 mm/yr over the past 2.4 Myr for the San Colombano and Casalpusterlengo-Zorlesco Structures, respectively. The analysis of stratigraphic markers unveils a general decrease in faults activity during the Pleistocene, with slip rates around 0.2–0.3 mm/yr in the last 0.3 Myr, along with a diverse evolution of the thrust faults governing the two anticlines. Specifically, the activity rates of the San Colombano Structure supersede that of the Casalpusterlengo-Zorlesco Structure during the Middle to Late Pleistocene, implying an out-of-sequence propagation of the San Colombano ramp-anticline in the Late Pleistocene along an oblique right-lateral transfer zone. Incorporating a probabilistic approach in slip rates calculation provides a more comprehensive handling of uncertainties. This attribute is pivotal in seismic hazard assessment analyses and understanding complex fault systems' tectonic evolution.
    Description: Published
    Description: 230227
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: San Colombano thrust ; Quaternary tectonics ; Slip rates ; Trishear inversion ; Sediment compaction ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 2
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    The NE-SW Sibari fault zone: A seismic hazard source in Ionian Northern Calabria (Italy) (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-25
    Description: A multidisciplinary approach including archaeological, geophysical, and geological/geomorphological surveys provided pieces of evidence that allowed us to identify the Sibari fault zone (SFZ) in Northern Calabria (Italy). The SFZ runs in a ~ NE-SW direction for a length of ~18 km from the Ionian coastline to Terranova da Sibari and has an oblique normal-dextral kinematics. The envelope of the SFZ is derived from several direct and indirect evidence resulting in subparallel and locally en-echelon fault traces over a maximum 500 m-wide band, running at different elevations across hills and flat lands. The SFZ was active since at least the Middle-Upper Pleistocene, producing faulting of alluvial deposits, marine terraces, drainage incisions, and the archaeological structures of Sybaris. Given the fault length and assuming a seismogenic behavior, the SFZ is a primary earthquake source possibly producing moderate to large earthquakes (M ≥ 6). We calculated the average slip rates along the SFZ based on the ages and on the accumulated displacements of offset streams and marine terraces. The estimates are of 0.05–0.18 mm/yr and 0.41–0.70 mm/yr for vertical and dextral slip, respectively. Based on both the measured (min. 30 cm) and the expected value (av. 40 cm) of lateral slip per event, we infer an average recurrence for surface faulting events on the SFZ of about 700–1000 yrs. The most recent surface faulting earthquake occurred on the fault is dated 1300–1100 yrs. ago, highlighting that the elapsed time approaches the estimated average recurrence. Considering these findings, the newly recognized SFZ should be included among the faults that contain a potential seismic hazard in this poorly known portion of the Ionian sector of northern Calabria.
    Description: Published
    Description: 230214
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Active faults of Italy ; Seismic hazard ; Offset streams ; Displaced marine terraces ; Sybaris archaeological site ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Comment on ‘Unveiling ductile deformation during fast exhumation of a granitic pluton in a transfer zone’ by Richard Spiess, Antonio Langone, Alfredo Caggianelli, Finlay M. Stuart, Martina Zucchi, Caterina Bianco, Andrea Brogi, & Domenico Liotta (2023)
    Elsevier
    In:  Spiess, R., Langone, A., Caggianelli, A., Stuart, F.M., Zucchi, M., Bianco, C., et al., 2021. Unveiling ductile deformation during fast exhumation of a granitic pluton in a transfer zone. J. Struct. Geol. 147, 104326.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-27
    Description: In their paper, Spiess et al. (2021) published structural, geochronological, and EBSD data on one of the monzogranite apophyses (Capo Bianco) of the buried Porto Azzurro Pluton (island of Elba, Northern Apennines, Italy), a pluton emplaced in the upper crust (P 〈 0.2 GPa; e.g. Papeschi et al., 2019). The authors published a new U/Pb age of 6.4 ± 0.4 Ma, associated with the thermal peak, and a U-Th/He apatite age of 5.0 ± 0.6 Ma, indicating cooling below 60 ◦C. Spiess et al. (2021) use these ages to model the exhumation of the pluton controlled, in their model, by the Zuccale Fault, a subhorizontal fault with 6 km of eastward displacement (ZF; Keller & Coward, 1996). Their structural dataset from the macro to the microscale and EBSD analyses relies on a small section (about 100 m wide) in the NE part of the Calamita Peninsula. Based on their documentation of (1) vertical dykes in the monzogranite, (2) vertical to low-angle top-to-the-E extensional faults, and (3) later NWstriking oblique faults, they interpret the Porto Azzurro Pluton as emplaced in an extensional to transcurrent tectonic setting, extrapolating their findings to the entire Eastern Elba.
    Description: Published
    Description: 104499
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Upper crustal deformation ; Magmatic intrusion ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    A Minoan and a Neolithic tsunami recorded in coastal sediments of Ios Island, Aegean Sea, Greece (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: In this work, we document two distinct tsunami deposits on the coasts of Ios Island, Aegean Sea, Greece. The younger tsunami deposit, dated 1831–1368 cal. BCE, includes both marine sediments and pumices from the ∼1600 BCE Minoan eruption of Santorini volcano. This is the first evidence of the Minoan tsunami in the Cycladic Islands North of Santorini. Tsunami waves inundated the Manganari coastal plain, southern coast of Ios, over a distance 〉200 m (〉2 m a.s.l.). The second tsunami deposit reworks pumice from the 22 ka Cape Riva eruption mixed with marine sediment. We assume a Neolithic age for this major tsunami, with a wave runup 〉13 m a.s.l. on the southern and eastern coasts of Ios. The source of this tsunami - volcanic eruption, landslide, or earthquake - remains unknown. Additionally, we provide the first on-land evidence of Cape Riva deposits outside Santorini, thus questioning previous estimates on the magnitude of this eruption.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106908
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: tsunami deposits ; Aegean Sea ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Tidal drag and westward drift of the lithosphere (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-05
    Description: Tidal forces are generally neglected in the discussion about the mechanisms driving plate tectonics despite a worldwide geodynamic asymmetry also observed at subduction and rift zones. The tidal drag could theoretically explain the westerly shift of the lithosphere relative to the underlying mantle. Notwithstanding, viscosity in the asthenosphere is apparently too high to allow mechanical decoupling produced by tidal forces. Here, we propose a model for global scale geodynamics accompanied by numer- ical simulations of the tidal interaction of the Earth with the Moon and the Sun. We provide for the first time a theoretical proof that the tidal drag can produce a westerly motion of the lithosphere, also com- patible with the slowing of the Earth’s rotational spin. Our results suggest a westerly rotation of the litho- sphere with a lower bound of x % ð0:1 0:2Þ /Myr in the presence of a basal effective shear viscosity g % 1016 Pa s, but it may rise to x 〉 1 /Myr with a viscosity of g K 3 1014 Pa s within the Low- Velocity Zone (LVZ) atop the asthenosphere. This faster velocity would be more compatible with the mainstream of plate motion and the global asymmetry at plate boundaries. Based on these computations, we suggest that the super-adiabatic asthenosphere, being vigorously convecting, may further reduce the viscous coupling within the LVZ. Therefore, the combination of solid Earth tides, ultra-low viscosity LVZ and asthenospheric polarized small-scale convection may mechanically satisfy the large-scale decoupling of the lithosphere relative to the underlying mantle. Relative plate motions are explained because of lat- eral viscosity heterogeneities at the base of the lithosphere, which determine variable lithosphere- asthenosphere decoupling and plate interactions, hence plate tectonics.
    Description: Published
    Description: 101623
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Tidal drag ; Lithosphere-asthenosphere interaction ; Plate motions ; Polarized plate tectonics ; Geodynamics ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    The Meran-Mauls Fault: Tectonic switching from compression to transpression along a restraining bend of the Periadriatic Fault (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: The WSW-ENE Meran-Mauls Fault (MMF) represents a break in the broadly E-W trending Periadriatic Fault (PAF), separating the Southern Alps from the N-verging wedge of the European Alps. Understanding the MMF evolution is mandatory to reconstruct the role of the entire PAF during the evolution of the belt since the late Cenozoic. Structural and microstructural analyses and paleostress calculations based on fault-slip data suggest the occurrence of four evolutionary stages for the MMF: 1) top-to-the-SE mylonites; 2) top-to-the-SE brittle faulting; 3) dextral faulting with re-activation of previous structures; 4) N–S compression associated with conjugate sets of mainly strike-slip fault systems. Paleostress reconstructions point to a σ2-σ3 permutation from stage 2 to stage 3, resulting in the switch from pure thrusting to strike-slip, followed by an anticlockwise rotation of the principal stress axes during stage 4, in a strike-slip regime related to N–S compression. Geochronological and thermochronological data point to 39-22 Ma age for stage 1, 22-17 Ma for stage 2, less than 17 Ma for stage 3. Our reconstruction strongly supports the interpretation of the MMF as a restraining bend of the PAF, which was weakly reactivated along its eastern portion as a dextral fault and later displaced by NNE-SSW left-lateral faults.
    Description: Published
    Description: 104878
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Periadriatic Fault ; Pseudotachylytes ; Meran–Mauls Fault ; Paleostress ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Deep and shallow crustal structure control on the late-stage volcanism in Syria Planum (Mars) (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-20
    Description: volcanic provinces with the largest shield volcanoes of the Solar System. However, volcanism on Mars is characterized also by the occurrence of broad volcanic fields, either in the form of small lava shields or monogenic volcanic cones. The region of Syria Planum (SP) is located east of the Tharsis province and between Noctis Labyrinthus to the North and Claritas Fossae to the southwest. It is an example of diffuse volcanism, presenting hundreds of small edifices (namely Syria Colles) which occur on top of a large bulge roughly 300 km × 200 km in size. SP exhibits a complex magmatic and volcano-tectonic evolution spanning from the early-Noachian to the more recent Amazonian. In this work, we investigate the geometry of the plumbing system of the SP volcanic field as well as the geometries of the volcanic constructs (i.e., vent elongation and vent alignment) that may be linked to the structures that fed the magma presenting a possible tectonic and volcanic evolution of the distributed volcanism phase in this area. The spatial distribution of vents and the overall map view shape of the volcanic field were studied in terms of vent clustering and spatial distribution. We show that the widespread and diffuse volcanism in SP presents clear vent clusters that are related to a deep source magma reservoir located at ~100 km depth. We also show that Syria Colles vent elongations and azimuth distributions suggest that the magma exploited the inherited regional structural framework, coherent with the Syria Colles late-stage Amazonian magmatic event, and highlighting the role of a shallow crustal tectonic framework in shaping the Martian volcanism.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107830
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Volcanic vents clustering ; Vent spatial distribution ; Vent spatial distribution Plumbing system ; Structural inheritance ; Mars ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.07. Space and Planetary sciences
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Arsenic contamination at the Bagnoli Bay seabed (South Italy) via particle tracking numerical modeling: Pollution patterns from stationary climatic forcings (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Description: Almost 140 years of industrial exploitation have severely degraded the environment of Bagnoli Coroglio (BC), the westernmost neighborhood of the city of Naples (Italy). In this peculiar area, however, geogenic processes overlap with the impact of human activities, making it difficult to distinguish between anthropogenic and geogenic pollution sources. This is particularly true for Arsenic, the concentration of which in the marine sediments largely exceeds the tolerable level for human health and the background value for local pyroclastics. After several studies have used traditional tools based on multivariate statistics, this article attempts at tackling the problem via numerical modeling, which provides a deeper insight into the physics that governs the pollution process. Therefore, we use a particle tracking model to assess whether arsenic levels in the seabed can be affected by the influx of thermal water from an artificial channel outfalling at the westernmost part of the coast The climatic forcings that drive the marine circulation are simplified to basic "scenarios", in which wind and waves are stationary in strength and direction. Since the simulation time is much less than the contamination timescale, the comparison between numerical results and measurements is essentially qualitative and concerns the shape of contamination contours. It was found the primary forcing that enables seabed pollution is the tidal circulation, which, moreover, acts continuously in time. Quantitative arguments based on regression analysis suggest the discharge of thermal water explains almost a quarter of the observed pollution, which is consistent with previous research based on multivariate statistics.
    Description: This research results from a collaboration between the University of Naples Federico II and the National Institute of Geophysics and Vulcanology (INGV). The partnership is born in the frame of the multidisciplinary project ABBaCo, funded by the Italian Ministry of Education and Research, which aimed to provide innovative and environmentally friendly solutions for restoring the Bagnoli area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 134955
    Description: 9T. Geochimica dei fluidi applicata allo studio e al monitoraggio di aree sismiche
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: 1TR. Georisorse
    Description: 7SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Adsorption ; Arsenic contamination in marine sediments ; Diffusion in coastal waters ; Numerical modeling ; Particle tracking ; Sediments settling ; 03. Hydrosphere ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 03.04. Chemical and biological ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.08. Risk ; 05.06. Methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Decarbonation and clast dissolution timescales for short-term magma‑carbonate interactions in the volcanic feeding system and their influence on eruptive dynamics: Insights from experiments at atmospheric pressure (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-27
    Description: While long-term interactions of magma with carbonate wall-rock (a.k.a. carbonate assimilation) are well-studied, only recently some experimental studies focused on short-term interactions (seconds to minutes) at magma chamber conditions (0.5 GPa and 1200 ◦C). They have shown that carbonate assimilation can effectively release CO2 and dissolve the ingested clast in syn-eruptive timescales. Carbonate wall-rock xenoliths in eruptive products can hence be seen as proof of even shallower ingestion (i.e., within the feeding dyke). To study these shallower interactions, we performed 66 experiments at atmospheric pressure (i.e., at the second endmember of the vol- canic feeding system) and at 950–1230 ◦C with varying melt compositions and limestone compositions. Decarbonation was found to be mainly dependent on temperature and limestone composition while clast dissolution is largely dependent on magma composition, temperature, pressure and interaction time. In natural systems during magma ascent and with increasing quantities of assimilated wall-rock, the magma temperature would steadily decrease, limiting its own decarbonation and assimilation ability. But even in the 950 ◦C-ex- periments decarbonation (i.e., CO2 release) remained a syn-eruptive process. We subsequently discussed the limits of carbonate assimilation as well as the potential effect of syn-eruptive addition of CO2 to the magmatic mixture on magma ascent and eruption dynamics.
    Description: Published
    Description: 121724
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Carbonate assimilation ; Volcanic eruption ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Holocene palaeoenvironmental and human settlement evolution in the southern margin of the Salpi lagoon, Tavoliere coastal plain (Apulia, Southern Italy) (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: This study aims to understand the relationship between the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the southern margin of the Salpi lagoon (Tavoliere coastal plain, Apulia, Italy) and the development of settlements on its shores during the last part of the Holocene (Late Northgrippian to Late Meghalayan) to complement recent archaeological investigations at the site of pre-Roman Salpia Vetus, Roman Salapia and Medieval Salpi. Micropalaeontological, palynological, and sedimentological analyses were conducted on a total of ten drilled cores, revealing local and regional events. Facies and micropalaeontological analyses show that the lagoon was partially connected to the sea between 6.2 ka BP and 3.1 ka BP. Between 3.1 ka BP and 2.4 ka BP, the area was characterised by marshes and swamps with restricted brackish lagoon conditions and permanent freshwater input. After 2.4 ka BP, the continuous freshwater influx from the major rivers of the coastal plain determined the progradation of the floodplain and the closure of the lagoon, with the formation of the two coastal lakes of Lago Salso (north) and Lago Salpi (south). Pollen data show the expansion of halophytic herbs under local brackish conditions during the Early Meghalayan and the continuous spread of dryland herbs consistent with the closure of the basin. The alluvial plain progradation during the Late Meghalayan allowed the intensive exploitation of the area and the development of a highly anthropogenic landscape. The development of the settlements of pre-Roman Salpia Vetus, Roman Salapia, and Medieval Salpi was mainly determined by the insalubrious condition of the surrounding marshes, due to the reduction in water depth and oscillations in salinity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 37-54
    Description: 5A. Ricerche polari e paleoclima
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Holocene ; Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    The role of trapped fluids during the development and deformation of a carbonate/shale intra-wedge tectonic mélange (Mt. Massico, Southern Apennines, Italy) (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-26
    Description: Numerous studies exist on exhumed tectonic mélanges along subduction channels whereas, in accretionary wedge interiors, deformation mechanisms and related fluid circulation in tectonic mélanges are still underexplored. We combine structural and microstructural observations with geochemical (stable and clumped isotopes and isotope composition of noble gases in fluid inclusions of calcite veins) and U-Pb geochronological data to define deformation mechanisms and syn-tectonic fluid circulation within the Mt. Massico intra-wedge tectonic mélange, located in the inner part of the central-southern Apennines accretionary wedge, Italy. This mélange developed by shear deformation at the base of a clastic succession. Deformation was characterized by disruption of the primary bedding, mixing, and deformation of relicts of competent olistoliths and strata within a weak matrix of deformed clayey and marly interbeds. Recurrent cycles of mutually overprinting fracturing/veining and pressure-solution processes generated a block-in-matrix texture. The geochemical signatures of syntectonic calcite veins suggest calcite precipitation in a closed system from warm (108°-147 °C) paleofluids, with δ18O vlaues between þ9‰ and 14‰, such as trapped pore waters after extensive 18O exchange with the local limestone host rock and/or derived by clay dehydration processes at T 〉 120 °C. The 3He/4He ratios in fluid inclusions are lower than 0.1 Ra, indicating that He was exclusively sourced from the crust. We conclude that: (1) intraformational rheological contrasts, inherited trapped fluids, and low-permeability barriers such as marlyshaly matrix, can promote the generation of intra-wedge tectonic mélanges and the development of transient fluid overpressure; (2) clay-rich tectonic mélanges, developed along intra-wedge décollement layers, may generate low-permeability barriers hindering the fluid redistribution within accretionary wedges.
    Description: Published
    Description: 104086
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Tectonic mélange ; Fluid-rock interaction ; Stable and clumped isotopes ; Noble gases ; Fold and thrust belt ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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