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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous  (7)
  • American Geophysical Union  (5)
  • Elsevier  (2)
  • 2015-2019  (7)
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Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
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    High-speed imaging of Strombolian explosions: The ejection velocity of pyroclasts (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: Explosive volcanic eruptions are defined as the violent ejection of gas and hot fragments from a vent in the Earth's crust. Knowledge of ejection velocity is crucial for understanding and modeling relevant physical processes of an eruption, and yet direct measurements are still a difficult task with largely variable results. Here we apply pioneering high-speed imaging to measure the ejection velocity of pyroclasts from Strombolian explosive eruptions with an unparalleled temporal resolution. Measured supersonic velocities, up to 405 m/s, are twice higher than previously reported for such eruptions. Individual Strombolian explosions include multiple, sub-second-lasting ejection pulses characterized by an exponential decay of velocity. When fitted with an empirical model from shock-tube experiments literature, this decay allows constraining the length of the pressurized gas pockets responsible for the ejection pulses. These results directly impact eruption modeling and related hazard assessment, as well as the interpretation of geophysical signals from monitoring networks.
    Description: INGV-DPC “V2” and “Paroxysm”, FIRB-MIUR “Research and Development of New Technologies for Protection and Defense of Territory from Natural Risks”, and FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008 – 235328 Projects
    Description: Published
    Description: L02301
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: strombolian ; ejection velocity ; explosive eruption ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Evidence of thermal-driven processes triggering the 2005–2014 unrest at Campi Flegrei caldera (2015)
    Elsevier | Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: An accelerating process of ground deformation that began 10 years ago is currently affecting the Campi Flegrei caldera. The deformation pattern is here explained with the overlapping of two processes: short time pulses that are caused by injection of magmatic fluids into the hydrothermal system; and a long time process of heating of the rock. The short pulses are highlighted by comparison of the residuals of ground deformation (fitted with an accelerating polynomial function) with the fumarolic CO2/CH4 and He/CH4 ratios (which are good geochemical indicators of the arrival of magmatic gases). The two independent datasets show the same sequence of five peaks, with a delay of ∼200 days of the geochemical signal with respect to the geodetic signal. The heating of the hydrothermal system, which parallels the long-period accelerating curve, is inferred by temperature–pressure gas geoindicators. Referring to a recent interpretation that relates variations in the fumarolic inert gas species to open system magma degassing, we infer that the heating is caused by enrichment in water of the magmatic fluids and by an increment in their flux. Heating of the rock caused by magmatic fluids can be a central factor in triggering unrest at calderas.
    Description: Published
    Description: 58-67
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Campi Flegrei Caldera ; hydrothermal system ; ground deformation ; magmatic fluids ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    First combined flux chamber survey of mercury and CO2 emissions from soil diffuse degassing at Solfatara of Pozzuoli crater, Campi Flegrei (Italy): Mapping and quantification of gas release (2015)
    Elsevier | Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: There have been limited studies to date targeting gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) flux from soil emission in enriched volcanic substrates and its relation with CO2 release and tectonic structures. In order to evaluate and understand the processes of soil–air exchanges involved at Solfatara of Pozzuoli volcano, the most active zone of Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy), an intensive field measurement survey has been achieved in September 2013 by using high-time resolution techniques. Soil–air exchange fluxes of GEM and CO2 have been measured simultaneously at 116 points, widely distributed within the crater. Quantification of gas flux has been assessed by using field accumulation chamber method in conjunction with a Lumex®-RA 915 + portable mercury vapor analyzer and a LICOR for CO2 determination, respectively. The spatial distribution of GEM and CO2 emissions correlated quite closely with the hydrothermal and geological features of the studied area. The highest GEM fluxes (from 4.04 to 5.9 × 10− 5 g m− 2 d− 1) were encountered close to the southern part of the crater interested by an intense fumarolic activity and along the SE–SW tectonic fracture (1.26 × 10− 6–6.91 × 10− 5 g GEM m− 2 d− 1). Conversely, the lowest values have been detected all along the western rim of the crater, characterized by a weak gas flux and a lush vegetation on a very sealed clay soil, which likely inhibited mercury emission (range: 1.5 × 10− 7–7.18 × 10− 6 g GEM m− 2 d− 1). Results indicate that the GEM exchange between soil and air inside the Solfatara crater is about 2–3 orders of magnitude stronger than that in the background areas (10− 8–10− 7 g m− 2 d− 1). CO2 soil diffuse degassing exhibited an analogous spatial pattern to the GEM fluxes, with emission rates ranging from about 15 to ~ 20,000 g CO2 m− 2 d− 1, from the outermost western zones to the south-eastern sector of the crater. The observed significant correlation between GEM and CO2 suggested that in volcanic system GEM volatilizes from substrate in a similar manner to the release of CO2. The quantitative estimation of the total amount of CO2 and GEM released from the Solfatara crater gave values of about 304 ± 13 and 3.7 ± 0.2 × 10− 6 t d− 1, respectively. Finally, based on our dataset and previous work, we propose that an average GEM/CO2 molar ratio of ~ 2 × 10− 8 (n = 9) is best representative of hydrothermal degassing. Taking into account the uncertainty in global hydrothermal CO2 emissions from sub-aerial environments (~ 1012 Mol yr− 1), we infer a global volcanic GEM flux from hydrothermal environments of ~ about 8.5 t yr− 1. Although this value has to be considered as a lower limit for the global emission of GEM from these sources, we suggest that on a local scale hydrothermal activity can be regarded as a significant source of GEM than previously recognized to the atmospheric pool.
    Description: Published
    Description: 26-40
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Flux Chamber Survey ; Mercury ; CO2 emissions ; Solfatara ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    High-speed imaging, acoustic features, and aeroacoustic computations of jet noise from Strombolian (and Vulcanian) explosions (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: High-speed imaging of explosive eruptions at Stromboli (Italy), Fuego (Guatemala), and Yasur (Vanuatu) volcanoes allowed visualization of pressure waves from seconds-long explosions. From the explosion jets, waves radiate with variable geometry, timing, and apparent direction and velocity. Both the explosion jets and their wave fields are replicated well by numerical simulations of supersonic jets impulsively released from a pressurized vessel. The scaled acoustic signal from one explosion at Stromboli displays a frequency pattern with an excellent match to those from the simulated jets. We conclude that both the observed waves and the audible sound from the explosions are jet noise, i.e., the typical acoustic field radiating from high-velocity jets. Volcanic jet noise was previously quantified only in the infrasonic emissions from large, sub-Plinian to Plinian eruptions. Our combined approach allows us to define the spatial and temporal evolution of audible jet noise from supersonic jets in small-scale volcanic eruptions.
    Description: INGV-DPC “V2” and “Paroxysm,” FIRB-MIUR “Research and Development of New Technologies for Protection and Defense of Territory from Natural Risks,” and FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008–235328 “NEMOH” ITN projects
    Description: Published
    Description: 3096–3102
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: jet noise ; volcano acoustics ; Stromboli ; Yasur ; Fuego ; strombolian eruption ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    A comprehensive interpretative model of slow slip events on Mt. Etna’s eastern flank (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Starting off from a review of previous literature on kinematic models of the unstable eastern flank of Mt. Etna, we propose a new model. The model is based on our analysis of a large quantity of multidisciplinary data deriving from an extensive and diverse network of INGV monitoring devices deployed along the slopes of the volcano. Our analysis had a twofold objective: first, investigating the origin of the recently observed slow-slip events on the eastern flank of Mt. Etna; and second, defining a general kinematic model for the instability of this area of the volcano. To this end, we investigated the 2008–2013 period using data collected from different geochemical, geodetic, and seismic networks, integrated with the tectonic and geologic features of the volcano and including the volcanic activity during the observation period. The complex correlations between the large quantities of multidisciplinary data have given us the opportunity to infer, as outlined in this work, that the fluids of volcanic origin and their interrelationship with aquifers, tectonic and morphological features play a dominant role in the large scale instability of the eastern flank of Mt. Etna. Furthermore, we suggest that changes in the strain distribution due to volcanic inflation/deflation cycles are closely connected to changes in shallow depth fluid circulation. Finally, we propose a general framework for both the short and long term modeling of the large flank displacements observed.
    Description: Published
    Description: 635–658
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e Osservazioni
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; monitoring data ; GPS ; flank instability ; gas geochemistry ; volcanic tremor ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Clues to the cause of the 2011–2013 Campi Flegrei caldera unrest, Italy, from continuous GPS data (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: From 2006 to spring 2013, Campi Flegrei (CF) caldera, Italy, was mostly uplifting at an increasing rate, particularly high from 2011. We show that the 2011–2013 accelerated uplift and 1980–2010 inflation and deflation phases can be explained by a two-source conceptual model similar to that proposed by Amoruso et al. (2014) (reference model). However, pressurization of the sole thin quasi-horizontal ∼4000 m deep source, responsible for large-scale 1980–2010 deformation, can explain the whole 2011–2013 deformation, while activity of the shallower Solfatara hydrothermal source, responsible for residual 1980–2010 deformation, appears constant. These results suggest a predominantly magmatic unrest in 2011–2013. Near-real-time comparison of observations and reference model predictions can provide additional information for short-term eruption forecasting at CF; a similar approach could be followed also in other volcanic environments.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3081–3088
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: The two sources of 1980–2010 CF deformation satisfy also the 2011–2013 unrest ; Pressurization of the sole ∼4000 m deep source satisfies the whole deformation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Hydrothermal fluid venting in the offshore sector of Campi Flegrei caldera: A geochemical, geophysical and volcanological study (2016)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-03
    Description: The ongoing unrest at the Campi Flegrei caldera (CFc) in southern Italy is prompting exploration of its poorly studied offshore sector. We report on a multidisciplinary investigation of the Secca delle Fumose (SdF), a submarine relief known since antiquity as the largest degassing structure of the offshore sector of CFc. We combined high-resolution morphobathymetric and seismostratigraphic data with onshore geological information to propose that the present-day SdF morphology and structure developed during the initial stages of the last CFc eruption at Monte Nuovo in AD 1538. We suggest that the SdF relief stands on the eastern uplifted border of a N-S-trending graben-like structure formed during the shallow emplacement of the Monte Nuovo feeding dike. We also infer that the high-angle bordering faults that generated the SdF relief now preferentially allow the ascent of hot brines (with an equilibrium temperature of 1798C), thereby sustaining hydrothermal degassing on the seafloor. Systematic vertical seawater profiling shows that hydrothermal seafloor venting generates a sizeable CO2, pH, and temperature anomaly in the overlying seawater column. Data for the seawater vertical profile can be used to estimate the CO2 and energy (heat) outputs from the SdF area at 50 tons/d ( 0.53 kg/s) and 80 MW, respectively. In view of the cause-effect relationship with the Monte Nuovo eruption, and the substantial gas and energy outputs, we consider that the SdF hydrothermal system needs to be included in monitoring programs of the ongoing CFc unrest.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4153–4178
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Hydrothermal fluid ; Campi Flegrei caldera ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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