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  • 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems  (14)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution  (14)
  • Elsevier Science Limited  (27)
  • Public Library of Science
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  • 1
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    An adjoint-based FEM optimization of coseismic displacements following the 2011 Tohoku earthquake: new insights for the limits of the upper plate rebound (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-25
    Beschreibung: The 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake was the strongest event recorded in recent historic seismicity in Japan. Several researchers reported the deformation and possible mechanism as triggered by a mega thrust fault located offshore at the interface between the Pacific and the Okhotsk Plate. The studies to estimate the deformation in detail and the dynamics involved are still in progress. In this paper, coseismic GPS displacements associated with Tohoku earthquake are used to infer the amount of slip on the fault plane. Starting from the fault displacements configuration proposed by Caltech-JPL ARIA group and Geoazur CNRS, an optimization of these displacements is performed by developing a 3D finite element method (FEM) model, including the data of GPS-acoustic stations located offshore. The optimization is performed for different scenarios which include the presence of topography and bathymetry (DEM) as well as medium heterogeneities. By mean of the optimized displacement distribution for the most complete case (heterogeneous with DEM), a broad slip distribution, not narrowly centered east of hypocenter, is inferred. The resulting displacement map suggests that the beginning of the area of subsidence is not at east of MYGW GPS-acoustic station, as some researchers have suggested, and that the area of polar reversal of the vertical displacement is rather located at west of MYGW. The new fault slip distribution fits well for all the stations at ground and offshore and provides new information on the earthquake generation process and on the kinematics of Northern Japan area.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 25-39
    Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): 2011 Tohoku earthquake ; Fault slip distribution ; Numerical FEM optimization ; Upper plate rebound ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.08. Theory and Models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 2
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    Accelerating moment release revisited: Examples of application to Italian seismic sequences (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-19
    Beschreibung: From simple considerations we propose a revision of the AcceleratingMoment Release (AMR) methodology for improving our knowledge of seismic sequences and then, hopefully in a close future, to reach the capability of predicting the main-shock location and occurrence with sufficient accuracy. The proposed revision is based on the introduction of a “reduced” Benioff strain for the earthquakes of the seismic sequence where, for the same magnitude and after a certain distance from the main-shock epicentre, the closer the events the more they are weighted. In addition,we retain the usual expressions proposed by the ordinary AMRmethod for the estimation of the corresponding main-shock magnitude, although this parameter is the weakest of the analysis. Then, we apply the revised method to four case studies in Italy, three of which are the most recent seismic sequences of the last 9 years culminating with a shallow main-shock, and one is instead a 1995–1996 swarm with no significant main-shock. The application of the R-AMRmethodology provides the best results in detecting the precursory seismic acceleration,when comparedwith those found by ordinaryAMR technique.We verify also the stability of the results in space, applying the analysis to real data with moving circles in a large area around each mainshock epicentre, and the efficiency of the revised technique in time, comparing the results with those obtained when applying the same analysis to simulated seismic sequences.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 82–98
    Beschreibung: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquake interaction ; Forecasting and prediction ; Seismicity and tectonics ; Seismic attenuation ; Seismic sequence ; Foreshocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Chemical and isotopical characterisation of fluid manifestations of Ischia Island (Italy) (2021)
    Elsevier Science Limited
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-01
    Beschreibung: Between 1994 and 1995, gas samples from fumaroles and thermal waters were collected on Ischia Island. The chemical composition of the shallow and deep natural hydrothermal fluids discharged is related to the main hydrological and lithological characteristics of the rock formations present in the reservoir. A biphase reservoir (liquid 1 gas) is identified, where the dominant liquid has a temperature of about 2808C. On the basis of d 13CTDC values it was possible to hypothesize a deep source characterised by carbon isotopic values varying from 0 to 23d‰. These values are noticeably more positive with respect to those attributed to magmatic CO2 d13CCO2 ranging from 25 to 28d ‰), thus suggesting a magmatic source modified by crustal contamination. This hypothesis is supported by the carbon isotopic composition of CO2 in sampled gases, which varied from 0 to 25d‰. The inferred isotopic value of carbon of magmatic CO2 would then be about 22d‰. The observed differences in C isotopic composition between fumarolic and magmatic gases would be caused by kinetic and/or equilibrium fractionation processes. These processes would cause a fractionation of d 13C of deep CO2 towards more negative values (down to 25‰). Actually, CO2 removal or addition processes caused by the interaction between deep gases and shallow hydrothermal waters are likely to be responsible for the different chemical and isotopic compositions of gaseous emissions. For these reasons, and on the basis of the homogeneity of geothermometric values, the existence of a single, large reservoir that feeds all of the fluids discharged at Ischia Island can be hypothesised. Based on acquired data, a new geochemical model of the geothermal system of Ischia Island is proposed.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 151-178
    Beschreibung: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): gas thermometers; water geothermometer; dissolved gases; geothermal system; Ischia Island ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.02. Hydrological processes: interaction, transport, dynamics ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    The May 20 (M W 6.1) and 29 (M W 6.0), 2012, Emilia (Po Plain, northern Italy) earthquakes: New seismotectonic implications from subsurface geology and high-quality hypocenter location (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-02
    Beschreibung: This study presents new geological and seismological data that are used to assess the seismic hazard of a sector of the Po Plain (northern Italy), a large alluvial basin hit by two strong earthquakes on May 20 (Mw 6.1) and May 29 (Mw 6.0), 2012. The proposed interpretation is based on high-quality relocation of 5,369 earthquakes ( 'Emilia sequence‘) and a dense grid of seismic profiles and exploration wells. The analysed seismicity was recorded by 44 seismic stations, and initially used to calibrate new one-dimensional and three- dimensional local Vp and Vs velocity models for the area. Considering these new models, the initial sparse hypocenters were then relocated in absolute mode and adjusted using the double-difference relative location algorithm. These data define a seismicity that is elongated in the W-NW to E-SE directions. The aftershocks of the May 20 mainshock appear to be distributed on a rupture surface that dips ~45° SSW, and the surface projection indicates an area ~10 km wide and 23 km long. The aftershocks of the May 29 mainshock followed a steep rupture surface that is well constrained within the investigated volume, whereby the surface projection of the blind source indicates an area ~6 km wide and 33 km long. Multichannel seismic profiles highlight the presence of relevant lateral variations in the structural style of the Ferrara folds that developed during the Pliocene and Pleistocene. There is also evidence of a Mesozoic extensional fault system in the Ferrara arc, with faults that in places have been seismically reactivated. These geological and seismological observations suggest that the 2012 Emilia earthquakes were related to ruptures along blind fault surfaces that are not part of the Pliocene-Pleistocene structural system, but are instead related to a deeper system that is itself closely related to re-activation of a Mesozoic extensional fault system.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 107–123
    Beschreibung: 5T. Sorveglianza sismica e operatività post-terremoto
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): velocity model ; relocated hypocenters ; double-difference locations ; Po Plain ; May 2012 Emilia earthquakes ; reactivated extensional faults ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Fault reactivation by stress pattern reorganization in the Hyblean foreland domain of SE Sicily (Italy) and seismotectonic implications (2016)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-10
    Beschreibung: Between the October 2011 and the July 2012, several seismic swarms occurred in the Hyblean foreland domain of SE Sicily (Italy) along the Cavagrande Canyon, one of the most impressive fluvial incisions of Sicily. Despite the low magnitude of the events (main shock with M~3.7), they represent the biggest strain release of the Hyblean area over the last ten years. A careful wave-form analysis of the earthquakes revealed that most of them form a family of ―multiplets‖. These findings allow us to reconstruct the attitude of the accountable fault plane by interpolating their highprecision 3D location parameters into a GIS platform. A detailed morpho-structural analysis, performed at the ideal updip projection of the modelled plane, showed that during the Middle-Late Pleistocene the epicentral area has been deformed by a belt of extensional faults, a segment of which matches well with the computer-generated surface. Despite the field evidence, computed focal solutions support contrasting strike-slip kinematics on the same fault plane, clearly indicating a dextral shearing on this pre-existing normal fault. The seismic swarms nucleated on a small rupture area along a ~10 km long, NW-SE trending fault segment, that could be able to generate M~6 earthquakes. Following our analysis and looking at seismicity distribution in the SE portion of Hyblean area, we asses that a stress pattern reorganization occurred all over the Hyblean foreland between the Late Pleistocene and present-day. Change in the trajectory of the max stress axes (from vertical to horizontal) seems to have involved a pre-existing large scale fault configuration with considerable seismotectonic implications.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 215-228
    Beschreibung: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Hyblean foreland ; seismic sequences ; fault reactivation ; 3D fault modelling ; stress changing ; seismotectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Geochemistry of REE, Zr and Hf in a wide range of pH and water composition: The Nevado del Ruiz volcano-hydrothermal system (Colombia) (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-14
    Beschreibung: The geochemical behaviour of Rare Earth Elements, Zr and Hf was investigated in the thermal waters of Nevado del Ruiz volcano system. A wide range of pH, between 1.0 and 8.8, characterizes these fluids. The acidic waters are sulphate dominatedwith different Cl/SO4 ratios. The important role of the pH and the ionic complexes for the distribution of REE, Zr and Hf in the aqueous phase was evidenced. The pH rules the precipitation of authigenic Fe and Al oxyhydroxides producing changes in REE, Zr, Hf amounts and strong anomalies of Cerium. The precipitation of alunite and jarosite removes LREE from the solution, changing the REE distribution in acidic waters. Y–Ho and Zr–Hf (twin pairs) have a different behaviour in strong acidic waterswith respect to the water with pH near-neutral. Yttrium and Ho behave as Zr and Hf in waters with pH near neutral-to-neutral, showing superchondritic ratios. The twin pairs showed to be sensitive to the co-precipitation and/or adsorption onto the surface of authigenic particulate (Fe-, Al-oxyhydroxides), suggesting an enhanced scavenging of Ho and Hf with respect to Y and Zr, leading to superchondritic values. In acidic waters, a different behaviour of twin pairs occurs with chondritic Y/Ho ratios and sub-chondritic Zr/Hf ratios. For the first time, Zr and Hf were investigated in natural acidic fluids to understand the behaviour of these elements in extreme acidic conditions and different major anion chemistry. Zr/Hf molar ratio changes from 4.75 to 49.29 in water with pH b 3.6. In strong acidic waters the fractionation of Zr and Hf was recognized as function of major anion contents (Cl and SO4), suggesting the formation of complexes leading to sub-chondritic Zr/Hf molar ratios.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 125–133
    Beschreibung: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Zirconium ; Hafnium ; Rare earth elements ; Ionic complexes ; Acidic waters ; Fe–Al oxyhydroxides ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Slip rate depth distribution for active faults in Central Italy using numerical models (2016)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-12
    Beschreibung: Slip rate is a critical parameter for describing geologic and earthquake rates of known active faults. Although faults are inherently three-dimensional surfaces, the paucity of data allows for estimating only the slip rate at the ground surface and often only few values for an entire fault. These values are frequently assumed as proxies or as some average of slip rate at depth. Evidence of geological offset and single earthquake displacement, as well as mechanical requirements, show that fault slip varies significantly with depth. Slip rate should thus vary in a presumably similar way, yet these variations are rarely considered. In this work, we tackle the determination of slip rate depth distributions by applying the finite element method on a 2D vertical section, with stratification and faults, across the central Apennines, Italy. In a first step, we perform a plane-stress analysis assuming visco-elasto-plastic rheology and then search throughout a large range of values to minimize the RMS deviation between the model and the interseismic GPS velocities. Using a parametric analysis, we assess the accuracy of the best model and the sensitivity of its parameters. In a second step, we unlock the faults and let the model simulate 10 kyr of deformation to estimate the fault long-term slip rates. The overall average slip rate at depth is approximately 1.1 mm/yr for normal faults and 0.2 mm/yr for thrust faults. A maximum value of about 2 mm/yr characterizes the Avezzano fault that caused the 1915, Mw 7.0 earthquake. The slip rate depth distribution varies significantly from fault to fault and even between neighbouring faults, with maxima and minima located at different depths. We found uniform distributions only occasionally. We suggest that these findings can strongly influence the forecasting of cumulative earthquake depth distributions based on long-term fault slip rates.
    Beschreibung: Project “Abruzzo” (code: RBAP10ZC8K_ 003) funded by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): slip rate ; numerical model ; fault ; rheology ; central Italy ; active tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 8
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    Coseismic and post-seismic slip of the 2009 L'Aquila (central Italy) MW 6.3 earthquake and implications for seismic potential along the Campotosto fault from joint inversion of high-precision levelling, InSAR and GPS data (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-07
    Beschreibung: After the April 6th 2009 MW 6.3 (ML 5.9) L'Aquila earthquake (central Italy), we re-measured more than 100 km of high-precision levelling lines in the epicentral area. The joint inversion of the levelling measurements with InSAR and GPS measurements, allowed us to derive new coseismic and post-seismic slip distributions and to de- scribe, with high resolution details on surface displacements, the activation and the slip distribution of a second- ary fault during the aftershock sequence that struck the Campotosto area (major event MW 5.2). Coseismic slip on the Paganica fault occurred on one main asperity, while the afterslip distribution shows a more complex pattern, occurring on three main patches, including both slips on the shallow portions and on the deeper parts of the rup- ture plane. The comparison between coseismic and post-seismic slip distributions strongly suggests that afterslip was triggered at the edges of the coseismic asperity. The activation of a segment of the Campotosto fault during the aftershock sequence, with a good correlation between the estimated slipping area, moment release and distribution of aftershocks, raises the opportunity to discuss the local seismic hazard following the occurrence of the 2009 L'Aquila mainshock. The Campotosto fault appears capable of generating earthquakes as large as his- torical events in the region (M N 6.5) or as small as the ones associated with the 2009 sequence. In the case that the Campotosto fault is accumulating a significant portion of the current interseismic deformation, the 2009 MW N 5 events will have released only a small amount of the accumulated elastic strain, and then a significant hazard still remains in the area. Continuing geodetic monitoring and a densification of the GPS networks in the region are therefore needed to estimate the tectonic loading across the different recognized active fault systems in this part of the Apennines.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 168-185
    Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): High-precision leveling; InSAR; GPS; Earthquake source; Normal faulting; Seismic hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.01. Continents
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Seismic potential in the Italian Peninsula from integration and comparison of seismic and geodetic strain rates. (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Seismological and geodetic data provide key information about the kinematics and active tectonics of plate margins. Focal solutions enable determining the directions in which the current tectonic stress acts when fault rupturing occurs; GPS measurements provide information on the crustal velocity field and on current interseismic strain rates. The comparison of the strain rates resulting from the two datasets provides further insight into how large an area is affected by aseismic deformation, which is a valuable indicator for seismic hazard mitigation and estimating the seismic potential. In this work, we investigate both seismic and geodetic strain rates and the combined field resulting from the joint inversion of the geodetic and seismic datasets, providing a picture of the overall deformation field and its variation during the last decades. In this way, we seek to give an overview of the seismic potential distribution across the Apennines and southern Italy, as a qualitative analysis of space-time variations in the released seismic strain rate, compared to the space-time distribution of the cumulated geodetic strain rate. The results show a variable distribution of the seismic efficiency over the peninsula. The Southern Apennines shows the greatest seismic potential, highlighting a significantly lower seismicity in the last two decades over an area affected by the highest total strain rates. The Messina Straits and eastern Sicily have a significant seismic potential, together with the Calabrian arc (from the Tindari-Letojanni and central Aeolian islands to the Mt. Pollino area), as a result of seismic gaps with respect to the combined strain rates in the investigated period. This long gap highlights the longer recurrence periods for the strongest earthquakes on this area. The central-northern Apennines and off-shore northern Sicily, show a lower seismic potential than central-southern Apennines, probably due to the more recent seismicity affecting these areas.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 996–1006
    Beschreibung: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): seismic potential ; geodetic strain rates ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Geophysical and geochemical methods applied to investigate fissure-related hydrothermal systems on the summit area of Mt. Etna volcano (Italy) (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: A multidisciplinary approach integrating self-potential, soil temperature, heat flux, CO2 efflux and gravity gradiometry signals was used to investigate a relatively small fissure-related hydrothermal systemnear the summit of Mt. Etna volcano (Italy). Measurements were performed through two different surveys carried out at the beginning and at the end of July 2009, right after the end of the long-lived 2008–2009 flank eruption and in coincidencewith an increase in diffuse flank degassing related to a reactivation of the volcano, leading to the opening of a new summit vent (NSEC). The main goal was to use a multidisciplinary approach to the detection of hidden fractures in an area of evident near-surface hydrothermal activity. Despite the different methodologies used and the different geometry of the sampling grid between the surveys, all parameters concurred in confirming that the study area is crossed by faults related with the main fracture systems of the south flank of the volcano,where a continuous hydrothermal circulation is established. Results also highlighted that hydrothermal activity in this area changed both in space and in time. These changes were a clear response to variations in themagmatic system, notably tomigration of magma at various depth within the main feeder systemof the volcano. The results suggest that this specific area, initially chosen as the optimal test-site for the proposed approach, can be useful in order to get information on the potential reactivation of the summit craters of Mt. Etna.
    Beschreibung: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia — Sezione di Catania — Osservatorio Etneo
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 111-125
    Beschreibung: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Etna volcano ; Hydrothermal system ; Fractures systems ; Multidisciplinary ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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