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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternative tourism and adaptive change
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Annals of Tourism Research 21 (1994), S. 81-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0160-7383
    Keywords: Thailand ; Thailande ; authenticite ; authenticity ; ethnic tourism ; impacts ; motivations ; satisfaction ; satisfactions ; sustainability ; tourisme vers des destinations exotiques ; viabilite
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)90006-X
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple-Scale Integrated Assessment of Societal Metabolism: Introducing the Approach (2000)
    Springer
    Population and environment 22 (2000), S. 109-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7810
    Keywords: multiple-scale ; integrated assessment ; societal metabolism ; sustainability ; bio-economics ; environmental loading
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we present several concepts related to integrated analysis of societal metabolism across scales. First we introduce the concept of “dynamic energy budget” of human societies, which is based on the distinction between exosomatic and endosomatic energy flows and the possibility of establishing autocatalytic loops (egg-chicken patterns) among them. Second, we discuss the nature of the dramatic changes that the industrial revolution induced on the characteristics of societal metabolism. Finally, we discuss methodological problems related to the representation of complex adaptive systems. Dealing with sustainability of human societies requires the parallel use of non-equivalent descriptive domains. This, in turn, requires the ability of “scaling up and down” when moving across levels handling parallel non-reducible assessments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026691623300
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Societal Metabolism and Multiple-Scale Integrated Assessment: Empirical Validation and Examples of Application (2000)
    Springer
    Population and environment 22 (2000), S. 211-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7810
    Keywords: societal metabolism ; labor productivity ; sustainability ; bio-economic pressure ; integrated assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents empirical data to validate two points. (1) An integrated analysis of societal metabolism bridges an economic view of changes in socioeconomic systems with a biophysical representation of them. To obtain this check, it compares a biophysical indicator of development BEP with 24 traditional indicators of material economic development. The comparison covers a sample of 107 countries of the world, comprising more than 90% of the total world population (year 1993). (2) The concept of societal metabolism is useful to make biophysical analysts aware of constraints implied by “economic viability” and to make economic analysts aware of constraints implied by “biophysical viability.” To prove this point three practical examples of misunderstanding in the field of sustainability analysis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026695724208
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple-Scale Integrated Assessments of Societal Metabolism: Integrating Biophysical and Economic Representations Across Scales (2000)
    Springer
    Population and environment 22 (2000), S. 155-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7810
    Keywords: multiple-scale ; integrated assessment ; societal metabolism ; sustainability ; environmental loading
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract The crucial challenge for integrated analyses of socioeconomic systems is keeping coherence in their multidimensional representation. Our approach describes the hierarchical structure of socioeconomic systems using the profile of allocation of “human activity” over a set of compartments defined at different hierarchical levels (e.g., whole countries, economic sectors, individual households). Compartments are characterized in terms of intensive variables (“intensity” of both “exosomatic energy flows” and “added value flows” per unit of human activity) and the extensive variable “Total Human Activity” ← → “population.” In this way, relations of congruence across hierarchical levels can be used to link non-equivalent analyses. That is, changes in demographic variables, economic variables, technical coefficients, indices of environmental loading, institutional settings, and social aspirations are no longer independent of each-other even if described within different scientific disciplines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026643707370
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Problem Solving: Complexity, History, Sustainability (2000)
    Springer
    Population and environment 22 (2000), S. 3-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7810
    Keywords: collapse ; complexity ; problem solving ; organizations ; sustainability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract Sustainability or collapse follow from the success or failure of problem-solving institutions. The factors that lead to long-term success or failure in problem solving have received little attention, so that this fundamental activity is poorly understood. The capacity of institutions to solve problems changes over time, suggesting that a science of problem solving, and thus a science of sustainability, must be historical. Complexity is a primary problem-solving strategy, which is often successful in the short-term, but cumulatively may become detrimental to sustainability. Historical case studies illustrate different outcomes to long-term development of complexity in problem solving. These cases clarify future options for contemporary societies: collapse, simplification, or increasing complexity based on increasing energy subsidies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006632214612
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecological Impacts of Chile's Neoliberal Policies, with Special Emphasis on Agroecosystems (1999)
    Springer
    Environment, development and sustainability 1 (1999), S. 55-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2975
    Keywords: Chile ; environment ; neoliberal policies ; sustainability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract Although Chile has been touted for developing a broad market liberalization and opening to the international economy, evidence is emerging that such neoliberal economic policies are dramatically impacting biodiversity and the natural resource base. This paper examines the evidence on the plundering of forestry and fishery resources and the damming and pollution of aquatic ecosystems. Although it may be argued that economic liberalization policies have been effective in reallocating agricultural resources toward more competitive activities, the ecological toll imposed by the expansion of export-led modern agriculture has been heavy. An effective agricultural development strategy in Chile should confront such ecological costs and should promote alternatives to high input agriculture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010063724280
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Delivering on the Promise of Agroforestry (1999)
    Springer
    Environment, development and sustainability 1 (1999), S. 275-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2975
    Keywords: agroforestry ; environmental protection ; food security ; improved fallows ; land-use systems ; soil fertility ; sustainability ; tree tenure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract Agroforestry – the traditional practice of growing trees on farms for the benefit of the farm family and for the environment – was brought from the realm of indigenous knowledge into the forefront of agricultural research less than two decades ago. It was promoted widely as a sustainability-enhancing practice that combines the best attributes of forestry and agriculture. Based on principles of natural resource management and process-oriented research, agroforestry is now recognized as an applied science, that is instrumental in assuring food security, reducing poverty and enhancing ecosystem resilience at the scale of thousands of smallholder farmers in the tropics. Trees on farms provide both products and services: they yield food, fuelwood, fodder, timber and medicines, which farm families can use at home or take to market to bring in much-needed cash; they replenish organic matter and nutrient levels in soils and they help control erosion and conserve water. The International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, and its partners, are working to integrate the functions of trees with policy and institutional improvements that aim at facilitating wide-scale adoption by farmers. Two examples described in this paper are replenishing soil fertility in sub-Saharan Africa using short-term improved tree and shrub fallows and the results of agroforestry research to support significant land tenure policy in southeast Asia. Although just one option in sustainable land-use, science-based agroforestry has the potential to produce economically, socially and environmentally sound results for the billions of people who depend on this ancient practice and modern science.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010083007121
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Footprints for Sustainability: The Next Steps (2000)
    Springer
    Environment, development and sustainability 2 (2000), S. 23-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2975
    Keywords: appropriated carrying capacity ; ecological accounting ; ecological footprint ; planning tool ; resource accounting ; sustainability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract The concept of an ecological footprint is based on the understanding that every individual human appropriates a share of the productive and assimilative capacity of the biosphere. An ecological footprint corresponds to this exclusive biologically productive area that a defined population uses for all its resource requirements and wastes, and is expressed in terms of bioproductive space, with world-average productivity. Humanity's footprint or its aggregate ecological demand can only temporarily exceed the productive and assimilative capacity of the biosphere without liquidating and weakening the natural capital on which humanity depends fundamentally. Therefore, accounting tools for quantifying humanity's use of nature are essential for overall assessments of human impact as well as for planning specific steps towards a sustainable future. This paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the ecological footprint as an ecological accounting method, points out research needs for improvement of the analysis, and suggests potential new applications. The paper identifies ten new applications of the tool to make it applicable at various geographic scales and for a number of analytical and didactic purposes. Then nine methodological improvements are suggested that could refine the currently applied method, making assessments more sensitive to a larger number of ecological impacts. It concludes that many crucial questions pertinent to building a sustainable society can be addressed by current ecological footprint research. By making the method more complete, this tool could evolve from being largely of pedagogical use to become a strategic tool for policy analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010050700699
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