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  • 1
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    Ice sheet–free West Antarctica during peak early Oligocene glaciation (2024)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), ISSN: 0036-8075
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: One of Earth’s most fundamental climate shifts – the greenhouse-icehouse transition 34 Ma ago – initiated Antarctic ice-sheet build-up, influencing global climate until today. However, the extent of the ice sheet during the Early Oligocene Glacial Maximum (~33.7–33.2 Ma) that immediately followed this transition, a critical knowledge gap for assessing feedbacks between permanently glaciated areas and early Cenozoic global climate reorganization, is uncertain. Here, we present shallow-marine drilling data constraining earliest Oligocene environmental conditions on West Antarctica’s Pacific margin – a key region for understanding Antarctic ice sheet-evolution. These data indicate a cool-temperate environment, with mild ocean and air temperatures preventing West Antarctic Ice Sheet formation. Climate-ice sheet modeling corroborates a highly asymmetric Antarctic ice sheet, thereby revealing its differential regional response to past and future climatic change.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    SEISMONOISY: A Quasi-Real-Time Seismic Noise Network Monitoring System (2024)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: This paper introduces SEISMONOISY, an application designed for monitoring the spatiotemporal characteristic and variability of the seismic noise of an entire seismic network with a quasi-real-time monitoring approach. Actually, we have applied the developed system to monitor 12 seismic networks distributed throughout the Italian territory. These networks include the Rete Sismica Nazionale (RSN) as well as other regional networks with smaller coverage areas. Our noise monitoring system uses the methods of Spectral Power Density (PSD) and Probability Density Function (PDF) applied to 12 h long seismic traces in a 24 h cycle for each station, enabling the extrapolation of noise characteristics at seismic stations after a Seismic Noise Level Index (SNLI), which takes into account the global seismic noise model, is derived. The SNLI value can be used for different applications, including network performance evaluation, the identification of operational problems, site selection for new installations, and for scientific research applications (e.g., volcano monitoring, identification of active seismic sequences, etc.). Additionally, it aids in studying the main noise sources across different frequency bands and changes in the characteristics of background seismic noise over time.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3474
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: background seismic noise level; real time monitoring; seismic noise; seismic noise trend; seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Transfer of Papua New Guinea’s Gleichenia hooglandii to Sticherus (Gleicheniaceae) (2018)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 63, pp. 120-120
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Based on its morphology and in accordance with modern circumscriptions of genera among the Gleicheniaceae, a new combination in Sticherus is made for the Papua New Guinean fern originally described as Gleichenia hooglandii.
    Keywords: Gleichenia ; Gleicheniaceae ; Papua New Guinea ; Sticherus ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    Quantifying Impacts of Local Traffic Policies on PM Concentrations Using Low Cost Sensors in Berlin (2024)
    In:  Aerosol and Air Quality Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Urban air pollution remains a challenge in European cities, despite decades of improvement, especially with respect to recent updates to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) air quality guidelines in 2021. At the same time, a new generation of small sensors for air pollution measurement have opened up new avenues for understanding air pollution in cities. In this study, we use Plantower PMS 5003 sensors to measure PM2.5 alongside three local traffic policies implemented in 2020 and 2021. These measures include a new bike-lane and a temporary community space, as well as the creation of a pedestrian zone through the closure of a street to through-traffic. The measurement campaign used the sensors in both mobile and stationary deployments, utilizing their small size and lower cost to increase spatial and temporal resolution measurements. We calibrate the Plantower sensors using Schmitz et al.’s (2021) methodology and test three different models: multiple linear regression (MLR), gradient-boosting machines (GBM), and support vector machines (SVM). Results show that sensors are useful for measuring PM2.5. We also find no significant effect of any of the local transport policies on local concentrations of PM2.5, despite previous studies of these policies showing reductions in local NO2 concentrations. This indicates that larger-scale policies tackling urban and regional emissions of PM will be needed to improve PM concentrations and meet WHO standards.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
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    Deep Dive Hydrogen Economy – A Radical Alternative (2022)
    Foresight on Demand
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Key message: A decolonial approach is needed to fulfil IASC’s commitment to recognizing that Traditional Knowledge, Indigenous Knowledge and academic scientific knowledge are co-equal and complementary knowledge systems that all can and should inform its work (website ICARP IV, retrieved October 2023). This document summarizes key recommendations for actions regarding five themes: 1. Indigenous Peoples’ right to self-determination as a prerequisite for high-quality Arctic research 2. Ethics, methods and methodology as key for decolonial research 3. Indigenous-led research in design and practice 4. Indigenous Peoples’ co-equal participation in Arctic research funding structures and decision-making for securing decolonial Arctic research in practice 5. Funding for Co-Creative and Indigenous-Led Arctic Research
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 6
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    Low-cost system application for policy assessment: a case study from Berlin (2024)
    In:  Environmental Research: Health
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Local policies are part of the toolbox available to decision makers to improve air quality but their effectiveness is underevaluated and underreported. We evaluate the impact of the pedestrianization of a street in the city centre of Berlin on the local air pollution. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was measured on the street where the policy was implemented and on two parallel streets using low-cost sensor systems supported by periodic calibrations against reference-grade instruments and constrained by passive samplers. Further measurements of NO2 were conducted with a reference-grade instrument mounted on a mobile platform. The concentrations were evaluated against the urban background (UB) to isolate the policy-related signal from natural fluctuations, long-term trends and the COVID-19 lockdown. Our analysis shows that the most likely result of the intervention is a reduced NO2 concentrations to the level of the UB on weekdays for the pedestrian zone. Kerbside NO2 concentrations exhibited substantial differences to the concentrations measured at lampposts highlighting the difficulty for such measurements to capture personal exposure. The results have implications for policy, showing that an intervention on the local traffic patterns can possibly be effective in improving local air quality.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
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    Democratic Participation and Climate Politics: Notes on the Convention Citoyenne pour le Climat in France (2024)
    In:  The Interplay of Civic Engagement and Institutionalised Politics: Palgrave Studies in Third Sector Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Political science and the public know what has gone wrong with liberal democracy and continues to go wrong, but what can be done to counter this trend? What can slow down the de-democratisation, what can reverse the development that has been observed ever more urgently since shortly after the turn of the millennium? As one instrument the chapter discusses citizens’ councils, which have been field-tested in many places in recent years and whose strengths and shortcomings can now be evaluated. We will give an insight into the theoretical foundations of deliberative and participative democratic innovations focusing more closely on citizen assemblies with an exemplary evaluation of France’s climate assembly, the Convention Citoyenne pour le Climat (CCC), a rather elaborate one of citizen participation, associated with a wide public attention and accompanied by an intense scientific and intellectual debate in France. The CCC has been, in terms of political activation and discourse, successful, whereas in terms of its general policy impact and structural changes of French society and politics, it has not been a full success story. Instead of promoting a positive French exception to the conventional antagonism of etatism and street protest, this experiment perished in 2022/23.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 8
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    Impact of CO2-induced seawater acidificationon on the calcification of Coccolithus pelagicus (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: This study presents new insights on variations in the coccolithophore Coccolithus pelagicus due to a rising C02 concentration, caused by anthropogenic emissions. Since coccolithophores are the dominant group of pelagic calicifiers, variations in calcification and photosynthesis will have direct consequences for the global carbon cycle and hence atmospheric CO2. The research was conducted as a batch culture experiment in which C. pelagicus was grown under light and nutrient replete conditions at five different CO2 concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50μmol/kg). In previous experiments with the coccolithophores Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica acidification due to the rising CO2 concentrations could show no effect on the growth rate, but calcification was significantly reduced while photosynthesis was promoted. This study could show same effects. There is no trend in growth rates and the transport efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) was not affected by CO2 concentrations up to 40 μmol/kg. However, at higher CO2 concentrations the efficiency decreased. Nevertheless, this reduction seems not to have influenced photosynthesis nor growth rates. The production of organic carbon significantly increased from the lowest to the highest C02 concentration, what leads to a rise of the organic carbon content by 50%. This is probably caused by a decrease in the passive loss of CO2 and an increase in the transport capacity of CO2 and HCO3-. The inorganic carbon on the other hand significantly decreased with rising CO2. There are not yet any explanations or presumptions for a reason but it is certified by studies on other coccolithophores. Finally, it can be stated that that a decrease in calcification and an increase in photosynthesis in Coccolithus pelagicus could have a negative feedback on the future atmospheric CO2. However, this potential negative feedback by C. pelagicus would not be as pronounced as it can be assumed for E. huxleyi and G. oceanica.
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    Die Ökologie meiobenthischer Lebensgemeinschaften in gashydrat- und ölhaltigen Sedimenten (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: In dieser Arbeit wurden die Auswirkung von öl- und methanhaltigen Sedimenten des nördlichen Golf von Mexiko auf die Abundanz, Biomasse und taxonomische Zusammensetzung der Meiobenthosgesellschaft untersucht. Es wurden 4 Referenzsedimente und 8 öl- und methanhaltige Sedimentproben aus einer Wassertiefe von 550 m bearbeitet. Letztere zeichnen sich durch eine chemotrophe Produktion organischen Materials aus. An Hand von Kohlenstoffisotopenmessungen wurde untersucht, ob das Meiobenthos den an den öl- und methanhaltigen Standorten vorhandenen autochthon produzierten Kohlenstoff als Nahrungsquelle nutzt. Die Gesamtabundanzen und -biomassen waren an den „seep" -beeinflussten Habitaten deutlich erhöht. Die maximale Gesamtabundanz lag mit 1464 Individuen pro l0 cm2 um das 12-fache höher im Vergleich zu der durchschnittlichen Gesamtabundanz der Referenzstationen. Die maximale Biomasse aller meiobenthischen Organismen betrug an einer öl- und methanhaltigen Station 439 μg Kohlenstoff pro l0 cm2 und überstieg somit die durchschnittliche Gesamtbiomasse der Referenzstationen von 61 μg Kohlenstoff pro l0 cm2 um das 7,2-fache. Die am häufigsten gefundenen Taxa waren die Nematoda, mit einem Anteil von über 88% und die Copepoda mit einem durchschnittlichen Anteil von 9% an der Gesamtmeiofauna. Die meiobenthischen Organismen zeigten eine maximale Verteilung der Abundanz und Biomasse im obersten Sedimenthorizont von 0 bis l cm Tiefe. Die individuelle Nematodenbiomasse wies an allen Stationen ein Maximum in den untersten Sedimenthorizonten auf, was auf eine Änderung der Artenzusammensetzung schließen lässt. Die Kohlenstoffisotopenverhältnisse von Nematoden der öl- und methanbeeinflussten Stationen wiesen mit -25,4 und -33,4‰ deutlich leichterer Signale im Vergleich zu den Referenzstationen auf. Die δ13 C-Werte der Nematoden an den Referenzstationen lagen zwischen -18 und -25‰ zeigten eine gute Übereinstimmung mit den δ13C-Werten von phytoplanktischem Material. An den „seep"-beeinflussten Stationen im nördlichen Golf von Mexiko deuten sowohl die Abundanzen und Biomassen aller meiobenthischer Organismen als auch die Kohlenstoffisotopenverhältnisse der Nematoden auf die Nutzung des autochthon produzierten organischen Materials hin.
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    Auswirkungen einer Belastung mit Erdölkohlenwasserstoffen auf die Cemorezeption und das Verhalten von juvenilen Taschenkrebsen (〈em〉Cancer pagarus〈/em〉 L.) und Hummern (〈em〉Homarus gammarus〈/em〉 L.) (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Die Ergebnisse der Versuche deuten auf z. T. gravierende Auswirkungen auf das Chemorezeptionsvermogen und die hiermit assoziierten Verhaltensweisen der Nahrungssuche und Pradatorenvermeidung nach einer Belastung mit EKWs in umweltrelevanten Konzentrationen bei juvenilen Taschenkrebsen und Hummern hin. Bei den Hummem waren die festgestellten Auswirkungen schwerwiegender und bestätigten die bereits von WALTER (2005) erarbeiteten Ergebnisse. Die Versuche mit den belasteten Versuchstieren ergaben eindeutige Beeinträchtigungen bei der Wahrnehmung von Nahrungsreizen. Besonders drastisch zeigte sich dieser Effekt bei den Hummern, die einer chronischen Belastung mit EKW s einer Konzentration von 1,8 bis 2,9 μg/1 ausgesetzt wurden; hier lag die Reizschwelle für die Wahrnehmung eines Nahrungsreizes bereits um den Faktor 1.000 höher als bei den Tieren der Kontrollgruppe. Die Konsequenzen einer solchen Beeinträchtigung in der Chemorezeption waren für die juvenilen Hummer im Freiland beträchtlich. Als standorttreue Tiere, die darauf angewiesen sind, Nahrungsquellen in der Umgebung ihres Unterschlupfes ausmachen zu können, würde eine derartige Erhöhung der Wahrnehmungsschwelle von Nahrungsreizen einen drastisch verringerten Aktionsradius bei der Nahrungssuche bedeuten. Hieraus können sich verringerte Wachstumsraten und eine reduzierte Fitness ergeben und die Konkurrenzfähigkeit der Tiere gegenüber anderen Arten mit vergleichbaren Lebenswiesen wäre herabgesetzt...
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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