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  • Articles  (27)
  • travel behavior  (14)
  • earthquake swarms  (13)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying  (27)
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  • Articles  (27)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parking subsidies and travel choices: Assessing the evidence (1990)
    Springer
    Transportation 17 (1990), S. 141-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: mode choice ; parking ; transportation demand management ; travel behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract This article reviews empirical studies of how employer-paid parking affects employees' travel choices. A strong effect is found: parking subsidies greatly increase solo driving. When employers reduce or remove parking subsidies, a significant number of solo drivers shift to carpools and/or transit. This conclusion is based on studies of parking subsidies in a variety of circumstances, including central city and suburban areas, private and public employers, and clerical and professional employees. Three measures are developed to compare changes in commute patterns: changes in the share of solo drivers. changes in the number of autos driven to work per 100 employees, and the parking price elasticity of demand for solo driving. The studies reviewed here show that 19 to 81 percent fewer employees drive to work alone when they pay for their own parking. Because 90 percent of American commuters who drive to work receive employer-paid parking, these findings are significant for designing transportation policies to reduce air pollution, traffic congestion, and energy consumption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02125333
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Space, money, life-stage, and the allocation of time (1999)
    Springer
    Transportation 26 (1999), S. 141-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: activity patterns ; time use ; transportation models ; travel behavior ; travel demand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Demographic, socioeconomic, seasonal, and scheduling factors affect the allocation of time to various activities. This paper examines those variables through exploration of the 1990 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey, which has been inverted to track activity duration. Two key issues are considered. First, how much can activity duration and frequency explain travel duration? The analysis shows activity duration has positive and significant effects on travel duration, supporting recent arguments in favor of activity based models. Second, which recent trend is the main culprit in the rise in travel: suburbanization, rising personal incomes, or female labor force participation? This paper examines the share of time within a 24-hour budget allocated to several primary activities: home, work, shop, and other. The data suggest that income and location have modest effects on time allocation compared with the loss of discretionary time due to working.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005175512892
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Telecommuting and travel: state of the practice, state of the art (1991)
    Springer
    Transportation 18 (1991), S. 319-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: telecommuting ; telecommuting centers ; telework ; transportation demand management ; travel behavior ; travel demand forecasting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract This paper provides an overview of the status of telecommuting in the United States, especially as it relates to changes in travel behavior. Regarding the state of the practice, the paper discusses some refinements to the definition of telecommuting that have developed through increased operational experience. It reports several policy statements involving telecommuting, and explores the appeal of telecommuting as a public policy instrument. It highlights some trends in the implementation of home-based and work center-based telecommuting, and suggests that visible public-sector involvement has been crucial to the increased activity in this area. In sketching the state of the art, the paper outlines some frequently-stated hypotheses on telecommuting and travel behavior, and summarizes current empirical findings relating to those hypotheses. Finally, it suggests a variety of topics suitable for further research. These include studying factors influencing the ultimate adoption levels of telecommuting; impacts on energy/air quality, mode choice, and location/urban form; interactions with other transportation demand management strategies; relationships to the traditional urban travel demand forecasting process; cost/benefit tradeoffs; and telecommuting centers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186563
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stated preferences for investigating commuters' diversion propensity (1993)
    Springer
    Transportation 20 (1993), S. 107-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: route choice ; stated preferences ; travel behavior ; traveler information systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract A reasonable response to increasing traffic congestion may come from the rapidly developing traveler information systems. Such systems may be successful if they effectively influence drivers' enroute decisions; in this regard, a critical factor may be commuters' willingness to divert from their regular route in response to information about traffic congestion. This study evaluates the effects of real-time traffic information along with driver attributes, roadway characteristics and situational factors on drivers' willingness to divert. The empirical portion of this study is based on a survey of downtown Chicago automobile commuters. The stated preference approach was used to study commuters' diversion propensity. Drivers expressed a higher willingness to divert if expected delays on their usual route increased, if the congestion was incident-induced as opposed to recurring, if delay information was received from radio traffic reports compared with observing congestion, and if trip direction was home-to-work rather than work-to-home. Respondents were less willing to divert if their alternate route was unfamiliar, unsafe or had several traffic stops. Socioeconomic characteristics were also significant in predicting willingness to divert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01307055
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Travel to work and household responsibility: new evidence (1997)
    Springer
    Transportation 24 (1997), S. 397-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: gender ; household responsibility ; travel behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract A persistent empirical finding in the research on travel patterns is that women tend to engage in shorter work commutes than men. Research evaluating the degree to which this gender differential in commuting may be explained by the division of labor in the household has produced decidedly mixed findings. This paper presents a critical review of the methods and results of recent research on the gender differential in commuting along with the associated implications for the household responsibility hypothesis (HRH). While all of the articles reviewed are informative and unique, not all conclusions are well supported. The paper then tests the HRH using the 1990 NPTS travel data. The new evidence confirms that women continue to exhibit shorter commute times and distances than men and provides support for the HRH. The paper concludes with a summary of findings and recommendations for further research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004945903696
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The puget sound transportation panel after two waves (1992)
    Springer
    Transportation 19 (1992), S. 141-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: attrition ; longitudinal ; panel survey ; travel behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Begun in 1989, the Puget Sound Transportation Panel is the first general-purpose travel panel survey in an urban area in the United States. The overall survey sample was stratified by county of residence and by usual mode of travel to work. This paper reports descriptive results from the first two waves of survey data. Panel attrition between these waves was about 19 percent of all households. There was some demographic bias in panel attrition. The paper documents changes among the retained households in their demographics, their residence and work locations, their trip making, their work trip lengths, and their travel mode to work. Residential moves were numerous among young adults and young families, more outward from the city core than inward, and correlated with changes in work trip length. Work locations changed for 20 percent of continuing workers, with a tendency to increase trips and work trip length, and to change travel mode after a relocation. For all workers, there were clear shifts from transit to drive alone, from carpool to drive alone, and from drive alone to carpool as well. The PSTP continues, with a modified third wave in 1991, and a fourth wave scheduled in 1992.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02132835
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation of the reliability of real-time information for route choice decisions in a congested traffic system (1993)
    Springer
    Transportation 20 (1993), S. 157-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: ATIS ; dynamic assignment ; IVHS ; reliability ; route guidance ; traffic simulation ; travel behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract This paper investigates the reliability of information on prevailing trip times on the links of a network as a basis for route choice decisions by individual drivers. It considers a type of information strategy in which no attempt is made by some central controller or coordinating entity to predict what the travel times on each link would be by the time it is reached by a driver that is presently at a given location. A specially modified model combining traffic simulation and path assignment capabilities is used to analyze the reliability of the real-time information supplied to the drivers. This is accomplished by comparing the supplied travel times (at the link and path levels) to the actual trip times experienced in the network after the information has been given. In addition, the quality of the decisions made by drivers on the basis of this information (under alternative path switching rules) is evaluated ex-post by comparing the actually experienced travel time (given the decision made) to the time that the driver would have experienced without the real-time information. Results of a series of simulation experiments under recurrent congestion conditions are discussed, illustrating the interactions between information reliability and user response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01307057
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modal shift in Eastern Germany (1994)
    Springer
    Transportation 21 (1994), S. 1-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: Eastern Germany ; modal-split ; socialism ; transport policy ; urban transportation ; travel behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract The economic and political reunification of Germany in 1990 unleashed a transportation revolution in Eastern Germany. After forty years of public transport dominance under socialism, auto ownership and use skyrocketed with the transition to capitalism. In only three years, ridership on public transport fell by almost 50%, and auto registrations per 1,000 population rose by almost 60%. The main reason for the sudden shift in modal split is the large increase in real per-capita incomes of Eastern Germans. Their purchasing power rose dramatically thanks to massive financial aid from Western Germany and access to hard currency for the first time. In addition, the relative cost of auto use has fallen sharply since reunification because public transport fares rose ten-fold, while gasoline prices and auto prices fell. The massive shift from public transport to the auto has caused severe problems of pollution, safety, equity, and congestion in Eastern German cities, partly because of the suddenness of the modal shift. Urban transport policy in Eastern Germany should adopt some of the strategies used for years in Western Germany to tame the automobile, while at the same time allowing high levels of auto ownership. Such strategies include auto-free zones, traffic calming, extensive bicycle pathways, vehicle emission standards, and parking restrictions. Finally, large investments will have to be made in Eastern Germany's dilapidated roadway and public transport infrastructure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01119632
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A tale of two cities (1995)
    Springer
    Transportation 22 (1995), S. 273-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: land use ; LUTRAQ ; travel behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Land use and transportation mutually affect each other. Unfortunately, most transportation decision making procedures assume that public agencies cannot shape future land use patterns, and that past land use practices unswervingly determine future conditions. In “A Tale of Two Cities,” the author surveys the correlations between land use policies and travel behavior in two Oregon cities (Portland and Hillsboro). Building on successes the City of Portland has achieved in reducing reliance on the automobile, the author outlines a recent project by 1000 Friends of Oregon, titled “Making the Land Use, Transportation, Air Quality Connection” (LUTRAQ). According to the author, the purpose of LUTRAQ is to replicate Portland's approach in a more suburban context. Specifically, LUTRAQ is attempting to develop a realistic land use/transportation/demand management alternative to a proposed new bypass freeway and to accurately measure that alternative for its effects on travel demand, land use, air quality, climate change, and other indices. Although LUTRAQ is a project in progress, the author provides preliminary information that suggests the alternative successfully reduces demand for single occupancy automobile travel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01099473
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SMART: simulation model for activities, resources and travel (1996)
    Springer
    Transportation 23 (1996), S. 293-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: activities ; role allocation ; travel behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract This paper proposes the development of an activity-based model of travel that integrates household activities, land use patterns, traffic flows, and regional demographics. The model is intended as a replacement of the traditional Urban Transportation Planning System (UTPS) modeling system now in common use. Operating in a geographic-information system (GIS) environment, the model's heart is a Household Activity Simulator that determines the locations and travel patterns of household members daily activities in 3 categories: mandatory, flexible, and optional. The system produces traffic volumes on streets and land use intensity patterns, as well as typical travel outputs. The model is particularly well suited to analyzing issues related to the Clean Air Act and the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA). Implementation would, ideally, require an activity-based travel diary, but can be done with standard house-interview travel surveys. An implementation effort consisting of validation research in parallel with concurrent model programming is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00165706
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