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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethical Comportment in Organizations: A Synthesis of The Feminist Ethic of Care and the Buddhist Ethic of Compassion (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of value-based management 12 (1999), S. 109-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8528
    Keywords: ethics ; feminist ethics ; ethics of care ; Buddhist ethics ; compassion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This article describes a mode of ethical behavior in organizations called ethical comportment that is the enactment of the principles of elements common to the feminist ethic of care and the Buddhist ethic of compassion. The paper outlines the main tenets of care and The Eightfold Path of Buddhism, a mode of practicing compassion, demonstrating the similarities in values and practices that embody what the author considers to be ethical comportment in organizations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007779604630
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Articulating Values to Inform Decision Making: Lessons from Family Firms Around the World (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of value-based management 12 (1999), S. 209-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8528
    Keywords: family business ; ethics ; global ; values ; mission statement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Both the popular and the academic press stress that management grounded in values is fundamental to decision-making. High performance companies know that clarity about values is key to getting the job done. However, many family-owned firms do not adequately articulate their core values into a workable orientation for the business. As a result, they are in danger of seriously impairing their decision-making. The authors analyzed family business mission statements from around the world to identify the core values expressed therein. The authors also analyzed how efficiently these values were articulated. They propose that family businesses can make their decision making more effective by identifying and including their core values in the business's mission statement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007764112498
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Moral Aspects of Executive Leadership (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of value-based management 13 (2000), S. 109-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8528
    Keywords: leadership ; moral foundations ; ethics ; Islamic beliefs ; QU'RAN ; spirituality and work
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper argues that the crisis in management is a crisis in leadership and that the heart of leadership is the moral challenge for managers to see themselves and others as colleagues and collaborators. The search for a new leadership paradigm is a call to foster the human spiritual dimension which respects the deepest concerns and values of everyone in the enterprise. Islamic beliefs and heritage provide a natural basis for transformational leadership and for implementing a paradigm shift which integrates spirituality and work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007740201849
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are there Gender Differences in the Ethics Judgments of Marketing Managers? (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of value-based management 13 (2000), S. 159-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8528
    Keywords: ethics ; gender ; marketing managers ; moral reasoning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This study found that moral reasoning predicts intention to act in an ethical dilemma, but that this behavior is not modified by gender differences. Fishbein and Ajzen’s Reasoned Action model was used to predict intention to act in ethical dilemmas, while the Kohlberg and Gilligan paradigms of moral reasoning were introduced as exogenous variables. The theory of reasoned action model was found to be a good predictor of intention as hypothesized. Suggestions for further research are included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007783607755
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    To be, or not to be, that is the question: An empirical study of the WTP for an increased life expectancy at an advanced age (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of risk and uncertainty 13 (1996), S. 163-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Keywords: expected length of life ; time preference ; contingent valuation ; willingness to pay ; J17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This study reports an attempt to measure the value of an increased survival probability at advanced ages. It turns out that the average willingness to pay for a program which would increase the expected length of life by one year, conditional on having survived to the age of 75 years, is lower than $1,500. The willingness to pay increases with a person's age, but at a low and seemingly constant rate (1–4 percent per year).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00057866
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Confusion of Relative and Absolute Risk in Valuation (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of risk and uncertainty 14 (1997), S. 301-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Keywords: relative risk ; value of life ; contingent valuation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Subjects were less willing to pay for government medical insurance for diseases when the number of people who could not be cured was higher, holding constant the number who could be cured. In a second experiment, willingness to pay (from a hypothetical government windfall) for risk reduction was unaffected by whether the risk was described in terms of percentage or number of lives saved, even though subjects knew that the risks in question differed in prevalence. These results are consistent with the findings of Fetherstonhaugh et al., Jenni and Loewenstein, and others. I suggest that these results can be explained in terms of a general tendency to confuse proportions and differences, a confusion that is analogous to other confusions of quantitative dimensions in children, adults, the news media, and perhaps even the epidemiological literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007796310463
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calibrating Hypothetical Willingness to Pay Responses (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of risk and uncertainty 18 (1999), S. 21-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Keywords: contingent valuation ; hypothetical bias ; willingness to pay ; experiments ; calibration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Experimental data comparing hypothetical and real dichotomous choice responses for two different goods were used to estimate a statistical bias function to calibrate the hypothetical yes responses. The probability that a hypothetical yes response would be a real yes response was estimated as a function of the individual's self-assessed certainty of the hypothetical yes response (assessed on a 0–10 scale) and a variable representing the price level. Without calibration the hypothetical yes responses significantly exceeded the proportion of real yes responses, but after calibration the null hypothesis of no difference between hypothetical and real responses could not be rejected in any of the experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007708326467
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Economic Preferences or Attitude Expressions?: An Analysis of Dollar Responses to Public Issues (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of risk and uncertainty 19 (1999), S. 203-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Keywords: preferences ; attitudes ; contingent valuation ; psychology and economics ; utility assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Participants in contingent valuation surveys and jurors setting punitive damages in civil trials provide answers denominated in dollars. These answers are better understood as expressions of attitudes than as indications of economic preferences. Well-established characteristics of attitudes and of the core process of affective valuation explain several robust features of dollar responses: high correlations with other measures of attractiveness or aversiveness, insensitivity to scope, preference reversals, and the high variability of dollar responses relative to other measures of the same attitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007835629236
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reference points, loss aversion, and contingent values for auto safety (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of risk and uncertainty 5 (1992), S. 187-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Keywords: contingent valuation ; reference points ; automobile safety ; prospect theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This article is concerned with the possible role of reference points and loss aversion (as suggested by prospect theory) in subjects' judgments about the value of increments and decrements in automobile safety. The contingent valuation method is employed in two experiments, both of which consider subjects' willingness-to-pay (WTP) for increased safety and compensation demanded (CD) for decreased safety in hypothetical new vehicle purchases. The results establish that disparities exist in subjects' WTP and CD values for the same increment of auto safety, even for a close-to-market context such as hypothetical new vehicle purchases. The results also indicate that evaluations can be manipulated by changing the perception of the reference point: losses can be recast as forgone gains and forgone gains as losses, altering (or even eliminating) differences between WTP and CD values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00057571
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embedding effects: Stimulus representation and response mode (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of risk and uncertainty 6 (1993), S. 211-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Keywords: values ; contingent valuation ; environmental goods ; elicitation ; embedding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Thecontingent valuation (CV) methodology assigns prices to environmental amenities by asking people how much they would be willing to pay in order to preserve or acquire those amenities. If this measurement procedure is valid, then responses should be sensitive to relevant changes in the amenities being judged and insensitive to irrelevant changes. One apparent demonstration of inappropriate insensitivity is theembedding effect: the observation that people are apparently willing to pay the same amount of money for a good as for a minor subset of that good. This study examined the possibility that the source of this effect lies with each of two (potentially treatable) methodological problems: 1) subjects have difficulty using quantitative (dollar) response modes to express their values; and 2) subjects have difficulty absorbing the essential details of the CV scenarios describing those goods. The study found that 1) subjects showed considerable embedding both with a simple paired-comparison response mode and with a more demanding one requiring direct dollar estimates; 2) embedding was much reduced with the simpler response mode; 3) subjects' preferences with the two response modes were usually inconsistent; 4) when asked to describe the CV scenario that they had just heard, subjects often reported key task details inaccurately; and 5) there was less embedding when tasks were reinterpreted in terms of the questions subjects reported having answered (as opposed to what had actually been asked). These results are discussed in terms of the match between the questions that investigators would like to ask and the ones that subjects are capable of answering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01072612
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