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  • Articles  (293)
  • Numerical Methods and Modeling  (293)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (293)
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  • Articles  (293)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A MULTI-LEVEL NUMERICAL MODEL OF COASTAL UPWELLING: A DIAGNOSTIC STUDY (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 24 (1997), S. 17-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: radiation boundary condition ; numerical model ; coastal upwelling ; baroclinic model ; coastal jet ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A two-dimensional baroclinic model is described for coastal upwelling in a vertical plane perpendicular to the coast. The model consists of equations of motion, continuity and turbulence energy along with equations for salinity and thermal energy and an equation of state. The role of density gradient in the baroclinic pressure gradient is investigated to understand the dynamics during the upwelling process. To represent the surface and bottom boundaries corresponding to a fixed computational level in the discretized equations, a set of non-dimensional co-ordinates is used. These co-ordinates are then transformed onto logarithmic co-ordinate axes to resolve effectively the boundary layers.The first experiment is carried out with a flat bottom to understand the dynamics of the upwelling and the structural features of the process by diagnostic analysis of the balance between various terms of the momentum equation. Starting from a state of rest, a spatially uniform alongshore wind stress corresponding to the mean monthly wind stress for the month of May is applied and held constant thereafter. The fluid is assumed to be incompressible and stratified, with the initial temperature and salinity having no horizontal variations but a uniform vertical gradient. As the upwelling phenomenon is transient in nature and keeping in mind the additional computational overheads, the response of the model is studied day-wise up to 4 days.In the second experiment the model is applied to study the upwelling off the east coast of India in a plane normal to the coast of Visakhapatnam. The analysis area extends to 100 km offshore with real topography. The results are presented day-wise for 4 days, comparing the balance between various terms in the upwelling region and in the open sea, and the dynamics of the baroclinic coastal jet is explained. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parallel computation of incompressible flows with complex geometries (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 24 (1997), S. 1321-1340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: parallel flow simulation ; complex geometries ; mesh generation ; automobile ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We present our numerical methods for the solution of large-scale incompressible flow applications with complex geometries. These methods include a stabilized finite element formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations, implementation of this formulation on parallel architectures such as the Thinking Machines CM-5 and the CRAY T3D, and automatic 3D mesh generation techniques based on Delaunay-Voronoi methods for the discretization of complex domains. All three of these methods are required for the numerical simulation of most engineering applications involving fluid flow.We apply these methods to the simulation of airflow past an automobile and fluid-particle interactions. The simulation of airflow past an automobile is of very large scale with a high level of detail and yielded many interesting airflow patterns which help in understanding the aerodynamic characteristics of such vehicles. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parallel finite element methods for large-scale computation of storm surges and tidal flows (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 24 (1997), S. 1371-1389 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: parallel finite element method ; three-step explicit formulation ; implicit space-time formulation ; storm surge ; tidal flow ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Massively parallel finite element methods for large-scale computation of storm surges and tidal flows are discussed here. The finite element computations, carried out using unstructured grids, are based on a three-step explicit formulation and on an implicit space-time formulation. Parallel implementations of these unstructured grid-based formulations are carried out on the Fujitsu Highly Parallel Computer AP1000 and on the Thinking Machines CM-5. Simulations of the storm surge accompanying the Ise-Bay typhoon in 1959 and of the tidal flow in Tokyo Bay serve as numerical examples. The impact of parallelization on this type of simulation is also investigated. The present methods are shown to be useful and powerful tools for the analysis of storm surges and tidal flows. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of flow problems with moving mechanical components, fluid-structure interactions and two-fluid interfaces (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 24 (1997), S. 1433-1448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: flow simulation ; moving mechanical components ; fluid-structure interactions ; two-fluid interfaces ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The application of a stabilized space-time finite element formulation to problems involving fluid-structure interactions and two-fluid interfaces is discussed. Two sample problems are presented and the method is validated by comparison with a test problem. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNS OF 2D TURBULENT FLOW AROUND A SQUARE CYLINDER (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 25 (1997), S. 51-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: two-dimensional turbulence ; DNS ; vortex dynamics ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Two-dimensional ‘turbulent’ flow around a rectangular cylinder has been simulated at Re=10,000 using a sixth- order-accurate finite volume method for the discretization of convection and diffusion. The spatial discretization consists of a combination of a seventh- order upwind-biased method for the convective terms and an eighth-order central method for the diffusive terms, discretized on a stretched and staggered grid. To cope with the stretching of the grid, Lagrange interpolations are used.The method applied to obtain a boundary condition for the velocity in the x-direction at the outflow boundary is shown not to affect the flow in the interior of the computational domain in a way that is visible in various snapshots of the vorticity field. The variation in the velocity in the x-direction with time is itself found to be relatively small near the outflow boundary.Several turbulence statistics have been gathered from a simulation of the flow developed during 77 dimensionless time units. Snapshots of the vorticity field of the developed flow show the presence of a vortex-street- like structure. Typical 2D turbulent behaviour, such as the appearance of monopolar, dipolar and tripolar vortices due to the amalgamation of vorticity in the wake and the x-1/2 scaling of the velocity defect in the wake, has been obtained. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A PRESSURE-BASED ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED TURBOMACHINERY FLOWS (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 25 (1997), S. 63-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: turbulent flows ; compressible flows ; pressure correction ; approximate factorization ; density biasing ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The steady state Navier-Stokes equations are solved in transonic flows using an elliptic formulation. A segregated solution algorithm is established in which the pressure correction equation is utilized to enforce the divergence-free mass flux constraint. The momentum equations are solved in terms of the primitive variables, while the pressure correction field is used to update both the convecting mass flux components and the pressure itself. The velocity components are deduced from the corrected mass fluxes on the basis of an upwind-biased density, which is a mechanism capable of overcoming the ellipticity of the system of equations, in the transonic flow regime. An incomplete LU decomposition is used for the solution of the transport-type equations and a globally minimized residual method resolves the pressure correction equation. Turbulence is resolved through the k-ε model. Dealing with turbomachinery applications, results are presented in two-dimensional compressor and turbine cascades under design and off-design conditions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UNSTEADY DETACHED SEPARATION FROM A CIRCULAR CYLINDER PERFORMING ROTATIONAL OSCILLATIONS IN A UNIFORM VISCOUS INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 25 (1997), S. 125-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: viscous ; vorticity ; detached separation ; cylinder ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The origination of detached separation is studied on the basis of a numerical solution of the full Navier-Stokes equations. Fluxes of vorticity with different signs generated with twice the frequency of cylinder oscillation move from the cylinder to the outer surface of a detached liquid layer in the form of concentric rings. Near the critical layer between the attached layer and the main flow these rings are torn and crimped to the regions of separated vortices of the corresponding sign. The form of detached separated vortices is similar to that of vortices originating from a stationary circular cylinder in a uniform flow. Transition of the flow to a non-symmetric form with Karman vortex street generation at a Reynolds number (based on the radius) greater than 17 is revealed. This critical Reynolds number is smaller than that for a stationary circular cylinder in a viscous stream (where Re=20 has been determined to be a critical value) and corresponds to the Reynolds number extrapolated from the critical value for the stationary cylinder by increasing the cylinder radius by the attached layer thickness. The vorticity flux from the cylinder surface immediately into the separation region decreases as the frequency of cylinder oscillation increases. Violation of the flow potentiality in the detached separation region is the main cause of the vorticity generation on the outer surface of the attached liquid layer. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF OPTIMAL CONTROL FOR THERMALLY CONVECTIVE FLOWS (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 25 (1997), S. 205-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: optimal control ; Navier-Stokes equations ; finite element method ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We study the numerical solution of optimal control problems associated with two-dimensional viscous incompressible thermally convective flows. Although the techniques apply to more general settings, the presentation is confined to the objectives of minimizing the vorticity in the steady state case and tracking the velocity field in the non-stationary case with boundary temperature controls. In the steady state case we develop a systematic way to use the Lagrange multiplier rules to derive an optimality system of equations from which an optimal solution can be computed; finite element methods are used to find approximate solutions for the optimality system of equations. In the time-dependent case a piecewise-in-time optimal control approach is proposed and the fully discrete approximation algorithm for solving the piecewise optimal control problem is defined. Numerical results are presented for both the steady state and time-dependent optimal control problems. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UNSTEADY TWO-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENT VISCOUS FLOW PAST AEROFOILS (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 25 (1997), S. 315-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: viscous flow ; dynamic stall ; turbulent flow ; aerofoils ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The so-called CPI finite volume method is applied to the computation of the deep dynamic stall of a pitching NACA 0012 aerofoil. The evolution of flow sequences is analysed for two turbulence models, the so-called Baldwin-Barth and K-ω SST models, and compared with available data of McAlister et al. The hysteresis loops for the force coefficients are presented for three different reduced frequencies of the pitching motion and compared with experimental data. The agreement with available data is good during the upstroke phase and it is found that the level of disagreement during the downstroke phase can be attributed to the overestimation of the pressure minima within shed vortices. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A deforming finite element mesh for use in moving one-dimensional boundary wave problems (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 25 (1997), S. 407-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: wave ; finite element ; deforming mesh ; run-up ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The finite element method is developed to solve the problem of wave run-up on a mild, plane slope. A novel approach to implementing a deforming mesh of one-dimensional, three-node, isoparametric elements is described and demonstrated. The discrete time interval (DTI), arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) and space-time element (STE) methods are used to solve the unsteady one-dimensional shallow water wave equations. The boundary condition required is simply the seaward water surface elevation, and although the method has only been tested for monochromatic waves, it should be equally valid for any sea state which can be described as a water surface elevation as a function of time. All three solution methods are shown to given good results. Time histories of the terms of the governing equations are calculated and used to demonstrate how the ALE and STE methods account for mesh deformation. The model could be extended to two dimensions, which would have practical application to the run-up of obliquely incident waves. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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