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  • Books
  • Articles  (16)
  • Key words: Fertility  (9)
  • childbirth  (7)
  • Sociology  (16)
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  • Books
  • Articles  (16)
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Keywords
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of reproductive behaviour in Canada: Results from an intertemporal optimizing model (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 12 (1999), S. 451-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: JEL classification: C24 ; C25 ; J13 ; Key words: Fertility ; count models ; generalized Poisson distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Results based on a sample of Canadian households challenge the findings of most studies which show significant negative effects of schooling on the fertility of women under the age of 45. This is due to the application of methods to an optimization model which distinguish between those households which have completed their reproductive behaviour from those which have not. Completion status and the desired number of children are used to infer characteristics of the optimal programme which are then employed to derive a likelihood function. Traditional demographic methods have so far not fully utilized the distinction between incomplete and completed households in sample surveys. These methods also lead to the conclusion that completed fertility had increased from its all time low in the nineteen seventies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050108
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The socioeconomic consequences of young women's childbearing: Reconciling disparate evidence (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 12 (1999), S. 547-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: JEL classification: J13 ; Key words: Fertility ; siblings models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Recent studies have begun to examine rigorously the links between early childbearing and subsequent socioeconomic status. Prominent in this literature has been a set of analyses that have used sibling fixed effects models to control for omitted variables bias. These studies report that the siblings difference procedure leads to smaller estimates of the effects of teen fertility than does standard regression analysis. While it is well known that the siblings fixed effects procedure makes strong assumptions regarding the type of omitted variables and is not necessarily robust to alternative assumptions, the assumptions of the procedure have not been explicitly examined. This paper uses 1979–1992 data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to compare estimates of the income and education consequences of teenage and young adult fertility from standard regression and siblings fixed effects models with estimates from more general, alternative siblings models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050113
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of teenage fertility on young adult childbearing (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 9 (1996), S. 197-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Fertility ; method of simulated moments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Numerous studies of fertility behavior find that an early age at first birth increases the rate of subsequent childbearing. Typically, however, these studies do not account for the possibility of serial correlation in the unobserved determinants of fertility. Using 1979–1992 individual-level data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this paper employs the Method of Simulated Moments to estimate panel probit models of annual birth outcomes. The panel probit models account for several alternative sources of serial correlation. Estimation reveals that once serial correlation is taken into account, the subsequent fertility effects of early childbearing are either statistically eliminated or reversed. JEL classification: J13
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050014
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Employment after childbearing and women's subsequent labour force participation: Evidence from the British 1958 birth cohort (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 9 (1996), S. 325-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: J 22 ; J 13 ; Maternity leave ; childbirth ; labor force participation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Data on women from the British 1958 Cohort Study is used as evidence on the determinants of their labour force participation at age 33. A conventional cross-sectional model of full or part-time employment makes use of some longitudinal material not normally included in such models. Whether the woman made the hitherto customary break from. employment at the time of the first maternity is included in recognition that this cohort was among the first generation to be offered Statutory Maternity Leave. Results suggest that the presence of children (still) inhibits full-time employment and raises the probability of part-time employment; that income effects on participation have continued to weaken while wage elasticity for full-time employment is high. Continuity of employment straight after childbearing raises the chances of subsequent full-time employment, but by no means guarantees it. Gains from maternity leave and other family friendly employment policies have been far from uniform.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176691
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic microeconomic models of fertility choice: A survey (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 10 (1997), S. 23-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Fertility ; dynamic micro models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. We review existing approaches to the specification and estimation of dynamic microeconomic models of fertility. Dynamic fertility models explain the evolution of fertility variates over the life-cycle as the solution to a dynamic programming model involving economic choices. Dynamic models may be classified into structural and reduced-form models. Structural models generally require solution of the underlying dynamic programming problem. Reduced-form models, while based on a structural specification, do not. Recent innovations in estimation methodologies make both types practical and realistic alternatives to static models of lifetime fertility. JEL classification: J13, C41, C61
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050030
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endogenous fertility in a model with non-dynastic parental altruism (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 10 (1997), S. 87-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Fertility ; consumption ; bequest equilibrium ; altruism ; non-dynastic preferences.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. A model of fertility choice is studied in which the utility of parents depends on how much they consume, on how many children they have and on the consumption of their children. Hence, parents are altruistic towards their children, but in a more limited sense than in the much discussed dynastic fertility model presented by Becker and Barro (1988). The concept of a (subgame perfect) bequest equilibrium is used to solve the non-dynastic model considered here. The steady state birth rate is lower in the non-dynastic model than in the Becker-Barro model. However, the key qualitative predictions concerning the dynamic behavior of fertility are strikingly similar in both models. JEL classification: J13, J11, D90.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050032
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The demand for children in Arab countries: Evidence from panel and count data models (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 11 (1998), S. 435-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Fertility ; panel data ; negative binomial ; pro-natal policies ; JEL classification: J13 ; C25 ; C33
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper provides empirical evidence on fertility determinants in Arab countries. Adopting a macro and micro framework and exploiting panel and count data models the paper estimates the impact of cultural and economic factors on the demand for children. The results obtained strongly support the hypothesis that cross-country heterogeneity buttresses differentiated fertility and that female education mitigates high fertility. Child mortality and parent‘s preferences for sons positively affect fertility. By and large, demand for children is price and income inelastic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050078
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endogenous fertility, mortality and growth (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 11 (1998), S. 517-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Fertility ; mortality ; growth ; JEL classification: J13 ; O41
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Economic and demographic outcomes are determined jointly in a choice-theoretic model of fertility, mortality and capital accumulation. There is an endogenous population of reproductive agents who belong to dynastic families of overlapping generations connected through altruism. In addition to choosing savings and births, parents may reduce (infant) deaths by incurring expenditures on health-care which is also provided by the government. A generalised production technology accounts for long-run endogenous growth with short-run transitional dynamics. The analysis yields testable time series and cross-section implications which accord with the empirical evidence on the relationship between demography and development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050082
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maternal employment in Scandinavia: A comparison of the after-birth employment activity of Norwegian and Swedish women (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 9 (1996), S. 267-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: J22 ; J13 ; Maternity leave ; childbirth ; labor force participation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract A striking characteristic of recent Western labour market trends is the rise in employment among mothers of very young children. So far, few studies have analysed the impact of public policies on employment rates of young mothers. In this study we address this issue by comparing two similar countries, Norway and Sweden, which have the same set of policies with slight variations, using data sets with similar designs. We analyse rates of re-entry into paid work after first birth for mothers in 1968–88 by means of hazard regression. One important finding is that the right to paid maternity leave with jobsecurity greatly speeds up the return to work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176688
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Women‘s labor force transitions in connection with childbirth: A panel data comparison between Germany, Sweden and Great Britain (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 9 (1996), S. 223-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Labor force participation ; childbirth ; labor force transitions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. In this paper we make use of the panel aspects of the German GSOEP, the Swedish HUS and the British BHPS data. In these data sets we known month and year of childbirth and the month to month labor force status of the mother also before giving birth. This permits analysis of labor force transitions triggered by child births of different birth orders. From macro data Swedish women are known to have the highest labor force participation. The difference in total labor force participation of women is totally a result of fewer mothers entering the labor force and entering later in Germany and Great Britain than in Sweden. This paper shows that before birth of first child there is no such difference. We find that German and British women have even higher full-time labor force participation than Swedish women 12 months before the birth of the first child. The difference is more pronounced for second and third births than for first births. We suggest that these differences are caused by different family policy regimes where Germany can be characterized as a breadwinner regime and Sweden a regime oriented towards equal role sharing of father and mother. Our results on determinants of being in the labor force both after and before the birth of a child as well as determinants of the tempo of entering the labor force after birth shows that women‘s own human capital is important both in Germany and Great Britain, whereas in Sweden also less educated women have entered the labor force by the time the child is 2 years old.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050016
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