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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (14,409)
  • Internal waves
  • Turbulence
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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    KIT Scientific Publishing | KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The transport of bacteria in turbulent river-like environments is addressed, where bacterial populations are frequently encountered attached to solids. This transport mode is investigated by studying the transient settling of heavy particles in turbulent channel flows featuring sediment beds. A numerical method is used to fully resolve turbulence and finite-size particles, which enables the assessment of the complex interplay between flow structures, suspended solids and river sediment.
    Keywords: Aquatic pollution ; Exact coherent structures ; Particle-laden flows ; Gewässerverschmutzung ; Exakte kohärente Strukturen ; Partikelströmungen ; Turbulence ; Sedimentation ; Turbulenz ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Soot formation in a laminar and a turbulent diffusion flame as well as the formation of iron oxide nanoparticles in an iron pentacarbonyl doped near stoichiometric H?/O?/Ar-premixed flame have been investigated numerically. The particular modus operandi of the simulated test cases is described. In the case of the turbulent flame the impact of the turbulent closure of the single particle source terms on particle size distribution is shown.
    Keywords: TP155-156 ; CFD ; Nanoparticles ; Turbulence ; reactive flows ; stochastic modelling ; Turbulenz ; stochastische Modellierung ; Nanopartikel ; reaktive Strömungen ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
    Language: German
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  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book allows the reader to grasp the main bulk of fluid flow problems at a brisk pace. Starting with the basic concepts of conservation laws developed using continuum mechanics, the incompressibility of a fluid is explained and modeled, leading to the famous Navier-Stokes equation that governs the dynamics of fluids. Some exact solutions for transient and steady-state cases in Cartesian and axisymmetric coordinates are proposed. A particular set of examples is associated with creeping or Stokes flows, where viscosity is the dominant physical phenomenon. Irrotational flows are treated by introducing complex variables. The use of the conformal mapping and the Joukowski transformation allows the treatment of the flow around an airfoil. The boundary layer theory corrects the earlier approach with the Prandtl equations, their solution for the case of a flat plate, and the von Karman integral equation. The instability of fluid flows is studied for parallel flows using the Orr-Sommerfeld equation. The stability of a circular Couette flow is also described. The book ends with the modeling of turbulence by the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and large-eddy simulations. Each chapter includes useful practice problems and their solutions. The book is useful for engineers, physicists, and scientists interested in the fascinating field of fluid mechanics.
    Keywords: Incompressible fluid mechanics ; Navier-Stokes Equations ; Plane Irrotational Flows ; Turbulence ; Instability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGB Mechanical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science::TGMF Engineering: Mechanics of fluids
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 11 (1997), S. 193-210 
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Turbulence ; sediment ; fluvial ; river ; bursting process ; statistics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Entrainment of sediment particles from channel beds into the channel flow is influenced by the characteristics of the flow turbulence which produces stochastic shear stress fluctuations at the bed. Recent studies of the structure of turbulent flow has recognized the importance of bursting processes as important mechanisms for the transfer of momentum into the laminar boundary layer. Of these processes, the sweep event has been recognized as the most important bursting event for entrainment of sediment particles as it imposes forces in the direction of the flow resulting in movement of particles by rolling, sliding and occasionally saltating. Similarly, the ejection event has been recognized as important for sediment transport since these events maintain the sediment particles in suspension. In this study, the characteristics of bursting processes and, in particular, the sweep event were investigated in a flume with a rough bed. The instantaneous velocity fluctuations of the flow were measured in two-dimensions using a small electromagnetic velocity meter and the turbulent shear stresses were determined from these velocity fluctuations. It was found that the shear stress applied to the sediment particles on the bed resulting from sweep events depends on the magnitude of the turbulent shear stress and its probability distribution. A statistical analysis of the experimental data was undertaken and it was found necessary to apply a Box-Cox transformation to transform the data into a normally distributed sample. This enabled determination of the mean shear stress, angle of action and standard error of estimate for sweep and ejection events. These instantaneous shear stresses were found to be greater than the mean flow shear stress and for the sweep event to be approximately 40 percent greater near the channel bed. Results from this analysis suggest that the critical shear stress determined from Shield's diagram is not sufficient to predict the initiation of motion due to its use of the temporal mean shear stress. It is suggested that initiation of particle motion, but not continuous motion, can occur earlier than suggested by Shield's diagram due to the higher shear stresses imposed on the particles by the stochastic shear stresses resulting from turbulence within the flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 243 (1996), S. 23-28 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Keywords: Interplanetary Plasma ; Shock Waves ; Turbulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Effect of turbulence on interplanetary shock waves propagation is considered. It is shown that background turbulence results in the additional shock wave deceleration which may be comparable with the deceleration due to plasma sweeping. The turbulent deceleration is connected with the energy losses due to the strong turbulence amplification behind the moving shock front.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meccanica 33 (1998), S. 445-468 
    ISSN: 1572-9648
    Keywords: Turbulence ; Wall-bounded turbulent shear flows ; Scaling laws in turbulence ; Local structure of turbulence ; Fluid mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Turbulence at very large Reynolds numbers (often called developed turbulence) is widely considered to be one of the happier provinces of the turbulence realm, as it is widely thought that two of its basic results are well-established, and have a chance to enter, basically untouched, into a future complete theory of turbulence. These results are the von Kármán-Prandtl universal logarithmic law in the wall-region of wall-bounded turbulent shear flow, and the Kolmogorov-Obukhov scaling laws for the local structure of developed turbulent flow.However, doubts have been expressed over the years about the fluid mechanical assumptions that underlie these laws. After a concise review of the problem of turbulence as a whole we will show in the present paper that the von Kármán–Prandtl universal logarithmic law is based on an assumption which,though plausible, in fact is not quite correct. We will come to the conclusion, based on theoretical considerations and on processing of experimental data, that the universal logarithmic law does not describe the real features of developed turbulent wall-bounded flow of viscous fluid; it should be jettisoned and replaced by a different law, a scaling law. Experimental evidence for the local structure of turbulent flows is now not sufficiently well-established to allow a similarly definite conclusion. However, the application of the new approach presented here makes it very plausible that the classical, non-modified version of Kolmogorov–Obukhov ‘K-41’ laws gives an adequate description of the local features of developedturbulent flows. Sommario.La turbolenza agli altissimi numeri di Reynolds (spesso chiamata turbolenza sviluppata) è largamente ritenuta una delle regioni felici del regno della turbolenza: si pensa infatti che due suoi risultati fondamentali siano ben assodati e che abbiano speranza di entrare senza rilevanti modifiche in una futura teoria completa della turbolenza.Questi risultati sono la legge logaritmica universale di Kármán–Prandtl per la regione di parete dei flussi turbolenti confinati e la legge di simulitudine di Kolmogorov–Obukhov per la struttura locale del flusso turbolento sviluppato. Nel corso degli anni sono stati tuttavia espressi dubbi sulle ipotesi fluidodinamiche che sottendono queste leggi. Nel presente lavoro, dopo un breve esame del problema della turbolenza nel suo insieme,dimostreremo che la legge logaritmica universale di Kármán–Prandtl è basata su un'assunzione che, per quanto plausibile, non è del tutto corretta. Giungeremo alla conclusione, basata su considerazioni teoriche esull'elaborazione di dati sperimentali, che la legge logaritmica universale non descrive le caratteristiche reali del flusso turbolento di un fluido viscoso sviluppato e confinato da una parete; essa dovrebbe essere sostituita de una legge differente, una legge di similitude. L'evidenza sperimentale per la stzuttura locale di flusso turbolento non è al momento sufficientemente assodata perpermettere una conclusione altrettanto definita. L'impiegodel nuovo approccio qui presentato, tuttavia, rende assai plausible che la classica versione non modificata della legge ‘K-41’ di Kolmogorov-Obukhov fornisca una adeguata descrizione delle caratteristiche locali del flussoturbolento sviluppato.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meccanica 33 (1998), S. 29-46 
    ISSN: 1572-9648
    Keywords: Finite difference methods ; Free shear layers ; Turbulence ; Fluid mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A computational formulation is proposed for second-moment closure turbulence models, especially suited to models intended to ensure physical realizability. It enables to cast the quite complicated model equations in a compact form. It is specifically applied here to a two-dimensional parabolized flow, though it lends itself to extension to more complex flows. An effective computational algorithm is proposed, based on a staggered grid and a block tridiagonal solver. The algorithm is applied to a turbulent mixing layer, and the comparison between the predictions obtained by standard modelling tools and a realizable second-moment closure clearly points out the superiority of the latter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meccanica 33 (1998), S. 503-516 
    ISSN: 1572-9648
    Keywords: Flow visualization ; Speckle photography ; Particle image velocimetry ; Turbulence ; Fluid mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Modern developments in laser and computer technology, electronic cameras, and digital image processing techniques allow to generate planar distributions of quantitative data in turbulent flows. Large amounts of data can be processed easily and analyzed statistically. With these tools, it is possible to quantitatively visualize turbulent coherent structures, even in flows of high Reynolds number, and measure characteristic spatial quantities like vorticity, length scales, spatial correlation functions, etc. These potentials in analyzing spatial characteristics of turbulent flows are demonstrated with two different methods of quantitative flow visualization: speckle photography as a representative of the line-of-sight methods, and particle image velocimetry belonging to the methods that rely on the scattering of laser light from tracer particles. Sommario.I moderni sviluppi nelle tecnologie del laser e dei computers, delle telecamere elettroniche e le tecniche di analisi digitale delle immagini permettono di ottenere distribuzioni quantitative, in un piano, di dati relativi a flussi turbolenti. Una gran quantità di dati può essere con facilità analizzata statisticamente. Con questi mezzi è possibile visualizzare quantitativamente strutture coerenti turbolente anche in flussi da alto numero di Reynolds, e misurare caratteristiche spaziali, come vorticità scale e funzioni di correlazione. Questa potenzialità di studiare caratteristiche spaziali di flussi turbolenti viene qui mostrata per due differenti metodi di visualizzazione quantitativa: fotografia ‘speckle’ e PIV (particle image velocimetry).
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meccanica 29 (1994), S. 453-464 
    ISSN: 1572-9648
    Keywords: Vortices ; Turbulence ; Intermittency ; Vortex dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario La struttura di regioni ad intensa vorticità in campi di flusso turbolento omogenei, isotropi ed in equilibrio, simulati numericamente, viene studiata per quattro differenti numeri di Reynolds nell'intervalloRe λ=35÷170, e si trova che tali regioni si organizzano in vortici coerenti, cilindrici o a forma di nastro (‘vermi’). Con rifermento ai numeri di Reynolds studiati, si vede che tali vortici sono responsabili per gran parte delle code estreme ed intermittenti, osservate nelle statistiche dei gradienti di velocità, ma la loro importanza sembra decrescere a più altiRe λ. I loro raggi scalano con la microscala di Kolmogorov e le loro lunghezze con la scala integrale del flusso, mentre la loro circolazione cresce monotonicamente conRe λ. Per quest'ultimo riscalamento viene offerta una spiegazione basata sull'assunzione della presenza di onde inerziali assiali lungo i loro nuclei, eccitate da una deformazione di fondo casuale dell'ordine della radice quadrata della velocità media. Questa spiegazione è consistente con la presenza di incrementi paragonabili di allungamenti e compressioni lungo i nuclei dei vortici.
    Notes: Abstract The structure of the intense vorticity regions is studied in numerically simulated homogeneous, isotropic, equilibrium turbulent flow fields at four different Reynolds numbers, in the rangeRe λ=35–170, and is found to be organized in coherent, cylindrical or ribbon-like, vortices (‘worms’). At the Reynolds numbers studied, they are responsible for much of the extreme intermittent tails observed in the statistics of the velocity gradients, but their importance seems to decrease at higherRe λ. Their radii scale with the Kolmogorov microscale and their lengths with the integral scale of the flow, while their circulation increases monotonically withRe λ. An explanation is offered for this latter scaling, based in the assumed presence of axial inertial waves along their cores, excited by a random background strain of the order of the root mean square vorticity. This explanation is consistent with the presence of comparable amounts of stretching and compression along the vortex cores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meccanica 30 (1995), S. 719-725 
    ISSN: 1572-9648
    Keywords: Turbulence ; Self-similarity ; Fluid dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Nel presente lavoro viene presentato uno studio riguardante le proprietà della cosiddetta funzione di forma $$f\left( {\frac{r}{\eta }} \right)$$ che caratterizza le leggi di scala delle fluttuazioni di velocità in un flusso turbolento. L'analisi é basata su precedenti misure sperimentali effettuate in flussi turbolenti generati da griglie a bassi Reλ ed in condizioni omogenee e non omogenee. Le proprietá di universalitá della funzione di forma sono studiate nell'ambito della cosiddetta Extended Self-Similarity.
    Notes: Abstract In this work some investigations on the properties of the so calledform function $$f\left( {\frac{r}{\eta }} \right)$$ which characterizes the scaling behavior of the small scales fluctuations in a turbulent flow are presented. The present analysis is based on previous experimental measurements in homogeneous and non-homogeneous grid-generated turbulence at low Reλ. The universality properties of the form function are investigated in the frame of the Extended Self Similarity (ESS) form of scaling.
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