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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This Special Issue, entitled “Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Ni-Co Laterite Deposits”, presents an updated overview of Ni-Co laterites as sources of Ni and Co but also of other metals of interest, such as Sc, PGE or REE. This collection is composed by researchers from different fields. The Special Issue starts with two general descriptions of previously unknown laterite deposits, a clay-type Ni-laterite deposit from Cuba and a magnesium silicate Ni-laterite deposit from the Philippines. It follows with four papers focusing on the occurrence of Co, Sc and other critical metals located in current tropical environments (the Dominican Republic, Venezuela and Brazil) as well as non-tropical environments (the Balkan peninsula, Spain and Chile). The three following papers deal with novel techniques or methodologies to improve the characterization of the Ni-laterite profiles, involving the use Al as a Sc proxy, water correction of in situ portable XRF analyses, and the study of hyperspectral data using quadrant scan. The next paper focuses on the silicification commonly observed, yet understudied, in some Ni-laterite profiles using oxygen and silicon isotopes. And finally, the last contribution examines the presence of unusual minerals (diamond, SiC) in Ni-laterite breccias.
    Keywords: Fe–Ni–Co laterites ; critical metals ; REE ; PGE ; Cr(VI) contamination ; spectral data ; mineralogical data ; lithological boundaries ; nickel laterite ; New Caledonia ; quadrant scan ; Ni-laterites ; mineralogy ; breccia ; uranium ; SiC ; combined analyses ; Raman ; nickel laterites ; lateritization ; serpentinization ; weathering ; goethite ageing ; pXRF ; mine ; nickel ; iron ; water content ; dilution law ; Beer-Lambert law ; saturation ; scandium ; laterite ; Ni-laterite ; sequential extraction ; cobalt ; manganese ; lithiophorite ; asbolane ; Ni-Co laterite ; Piauí ; metal cycling ; cobalt speciation ; biogeochemistry ; redox cycling ; silcrete ; pseudo-karst ; oxygen and silicon isotopes ; Sc ; Co ; Ni-rich serpentinite ; Mn-oxyhydroxides ; smectite ; serpentine ; clay-type ; Cuba ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue, “Advances in Environmental Applied Physics”, collected original papers from eminent researchers in the field of environmental pollutants, which constitute a health risk to the population, increasing the likelihood of incurring cancer.
    Keywords: natural radioactivity ; river sediments ; gamma spectroscopy ; radiological risks ; background radioactivity ; multivariate statistics ; flour ; natural and anthropogenic radioactivity ; heavy metals contamination ; mineral concentration ; high-purity germanium gamma spectrometry ; inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry ; inductively-coupled plasma emission spectroscopy ; effective dose ; ingestion ; radon exhalation ; equivalent dose rate ; car parking lots ; Monte Carlo simulation ; complex DNA damage ; double strand breaks ; ionizing radiation ; radiological incident ; radionuclide ; absorbed dose ; 137-caesium ; surface activity ; drinking water ; radioactivity ; uranium ; High Purity Germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometry ; Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) ; baby food ; gamma spectrometry ; activity concentration ; radiological hazard ; cosmic rays ; ionization ; radiation ; atmosphere ; solar cycle ; flight level ; aviation ; pyroclastic products ; potentially toxic elements ; pollution ; Antarctica ; radiation detector ; neutron measurement ; portable monitoring system ; basalt aggregate for concrete ; radiological risk ; mineralogy ; HPGe γ-ray spectrometry ; heavy metals ; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ; X-ray diffraction ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The Key Laboratory of High-temperature and High-pressure Study of the Earth’s Interior belongs to the Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. It is a unique and authoritative key laboratory at the provincial and ministerial levels. The Key High-Pressure Laboratory is primarily focused on the high-temperature and high-pressure experimental sciences, in combination with filed geophysical observation, theoretical calculation and advanced analysis tests in order to explore the chemical composition, cycling structure, geological state, material circulation, etc., of deep Earth. The mainstream research subjects of the Laboratory mainly include: research and development of experimental platforms and measurement techniques at high temperatures and high pressures; high-pressure material synthesis and hot-pressed sintering techniques; physical and chemical characterizations (e.g. electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, ultrasonic wave velocity, etc.) of minerals and rocks at conditions of high pressure and different oxygen fugacities by virtue of representative high-pressure apparatus, including autoclaves, piston cylinders, multi-anvil presses, diamond anvil cells and shock waves; high-pressure physiochemical behavior and storage states in the geological fluid and melt of deep Earth interior; high-pressure theoretical calculations; and high-pressure applications in the service of national economical and societal development.
    Keywords: diopside ; thermodynamic properties ; eclogite model ; adiabatic temperature gradient ; adiabatic geotherm ; laser shock compression ; sound velocity ; high-pressure ; quartz ; Grüneisen parameter ; super-earth ; rock porosity ; high isostatic pressure ; sample holder ; sandstone ; electrical conductivity ; impedance spectroscopy ; water ; titanium-bearing olivine ; epidote ; amphibole ; kaolinite ; high pressure ; pyrite ; Raman spectroscopy ; high temperature ; gabbro ; mineralogical proportions ; differential stress ; coesite ; phase transition ; calcite ; crystallinity ; mineralogy ; electronic transition ; hydrothermal ; trace elements ; zircon ; reidite ; high P–T experiment ; diamond anvil cell ; in situ Raman spectroscopy ; density functional theory ; phase diagram ; structural phase transition ; brucite ; atomistic simulations ; high pressures ; high temperatures ; structural properties ; elastic properties ; bulk modulus ; vibrational spectra ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The increasing partial pressure of atmospheric CO2 (pCO2) is reducing surface ocean pH, a process known as ocean acidification (OA) This results in a reduced saturation of the seawater with respect to the CaCO3 polymorphs aragonite, high-Mg calcite, and low-Mg calcite that are involved in the biological formation of calcareous skeletons and shells. The effect of OA on calcium carbonate precipitation and the subsequent dissolution in carbonate depositional systems, such as coral reefs, is a hotly debated topic. While early studies suggested that certain carbonate-secreting organism groups may be strongly affected by OA or may even become extinct, others observed highly variable, species-specific responses to OA, whereby some taxa are negatively affected, some are positively affected, and others are unaffected. The collection of articles presented in this Special Issue presents ongoing research into the effects of OA on calcareous biomineralization while introducing some new questions and provocative hypotheses. The continued investigation of these concepts should advance our understanding of the mechanisms of biocalcification and improve predictions of how future CO2-induced changes in marine and freshwater systems will impact calcifying organisms, as well as the ecosystems they comprise, in the decades and centuries ahead.
    Keywords: biomineralization ; calcification ; Mytilus edulis ; Mytilus trossulus ; predator-prey interactions ; coral reefs ; coral recruits ; skeletal structure ; synchrotron phase contrast-enhanced microCT ; PCE-CT ; artificial intelligence ; ocean acidification ; n/a ; ocean warming ; echinoderm ; starfish ; mineralogy ; skeleton ; freshwater acidification ; freshwater calcifier ; carbon dioxide ; Lake Tahoe ; Caribbean ; coral ; pH regulation ; boron isotopes ; B/Ca ; carbon isotopes ; photosynthesis ; bleaching ; symbiont ; microelectrode ; global warming ; calcifying fluid ; scleractinian coral ; zooxanthellate photosymbiont ; phosphate ; nutrient limitation ; Archaean ; Proterozoic ; cyanobacteria ; calcareous algae ; coccolithophores ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue on Interdisciplinary Research for Cultural Heritage Conservation in Applied Sciences aims to bring together some of the latest researches in this field. A total of 10 papers focusing on different aspects of cultural heritage were published on the topics: rock art, mural paintings, stone monuments, stained-glass windows, environmental sensors, historic infrastructures, and analects of Confucius.
    Keywords: biodeterioration ; mural paintings ; bacteria ; fungi ; biocide ; environmental pH ; exhibition halls ; sensors ; museum ; preventive conservation ; cultural heritage ; ontology ; Confucianism ; The Analects of Confucius ; essential characteristics ; protégé ; sandstone weathering ; chemical weathering ; rock shelter ; rock art ; flashed glass ; multianalytical characterization ; chemical composition ; chromophores ; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; thickness measurements ; green algae ; lichens ; Trebouxia aggregata ; black fungi ; bryophytes ; limestone ; mineralogy ; restoration ; Seville City Hall ; public works ; dams ; aqueducts ; siphon ; reservoir ; overall value ; heritage system ; network ; new uses ; petroglyphs ; Negev desert ; nanopore sequencing technology ; metagenomics ; analytical techniques ; cyanobacteria ; chlorophytes ; surface cleaning ; hydrogen peroxide ; sodium hypochlorite ; grisaille ; recipe ; raw material ; conservation ; degradation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Dating and geochemical analyses of detrital minerals (mainly zircons) combined with traditional methods, such as heavy minerals and sandstone modes, are a powerful tool in paleogeographic and paleotectonic research and industrial applications.
    Keywords: detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology ; bulk geochemistry ; provenance ; tectonic setting ; West Bogeda Shan ; U-Pb geochronology ; detrital zircon ; source-to-sink ; provenance analysis ; mixing model ; sediment budgeting ; east China seas ; Pennsylvanian ; Sino-Korean Block ; detrital zircons ; U–Pb ages ; subduction zones ; U–Pb dating ; sandstone petrography ; peripheral bulge ; tectonics ; zircon U-Pb ages ; muscovite 40Ar/39Ar ages ; sediment provenance ; Yangtze River ; detrital-zircon age spectrum ; Ereendavaa terrane ; Mongol-Okhotsk orogenic belt ; opening of the Mongol-Okhotsk ocean ; northeastern Mongolia ; Lu-Hf isotopes ; early Miocene ; Yinggehai-Song Hong Basin ; South China Sea ; stratigraphic thicknesses ; net sand to gross thickness ratio ; conglomerate percentage ; heavy mineral analysis ; detrital zircon U‒Pb geochronology ; Intermontane basin ; Mongolia ; laser ablation U-Pb dating ; Hafnium isotope-ratio ; terrane definition ; paleotectonic reconstruction ; Western Andes ; Miocene ; Silante Formation ; Ecuador ; compositional heterogeneity ; major element ; nonmarine basin ; gejiu basalts ; zircon U–Pb dating ; geochemistry ; Sr–Nd–Pb isotope ; petrogenesis ; Cameroon ; Meiganga ; gold placer ; trace element ; geochronology ; Archean-Proterozoic origins ; zircon crystal morphology ; zircon textures ; zircon trace elements ; alteration of zircon ; REE in zircon ; rare metal granites ; Li-F granites ; Western Hercynian Meseta ; Permian basin ; Tiddas Souk Es-Sebt des ait ikko volcanic basin ; U–Pb geochronology ; mineralogy ; petrology ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This book entitled Zeolites is a collection of papers recently published in the journal Crystals, focusing on zeolites as a group of hydrated aluminosilicates with unique physical and chemical properties that can have numerous and important applications. The collection opens with works related to the geological documentation of the newest deposits of natural zeolites. The second part of the book describes a variety of synthesis methods and characterizes the resulting products. Finally, some recent advances in their applications in different fields are presented at the end of the book.
    Keywords: zeolite ; alkali-activation ; geopolymer ; metakaolin ; metahalloysite ; adsorption ; DRIFTS operando ; ethylene scavenging ; postharvest quality ; tomato ; natural zeolite ; zeolite synthesis ; zeolite characterization ; zeolite application ; mordenite ; mineral fibers ; erionite ; potential toxicity ; ZSM-5 zeolites ; L,L-lactide ; size effect ; diffusion control ; zeolite L precursor ; Fe-LTL zeolite ; ultra-fine ; zeolite beads ; hierarchical zeolite ; pseudomorphic transformation ; ZSM-12 ; shaping ; nanosponges ; adoption ; acceptance ; household water treatment systems ; long-term effectiveness ; membrane ; separation ; silicalite-1 ; xylene ; orientation ; evolutionally selection ; NaP2 zeolite ; NaY gel ; microwave-assisted hydrothermal ; conventional hydrothermal ; waste management ; fly ash zeolites ; faujasite ; wastewater remediation ; willhendersonite ; chabazite ; zeolites ; Lessini Mounts ; kaolin ; kaolinite ; clinoptilolite ; thermal expansion ; thermal diffusivity ; thermal conductivity ; specific heat capacity ; natural zeolite A ; mineralogy ; mudstones ; crystal ; sedimentary environment ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This book, entitled “Elemental Concentration and Pollution in Soil, Water, and Sediment”, presents an updated overview of the main trace elements in living organisms. This collection brings researchers from different fields together, including those from biogeochemistry and ecotoxicology in various environmental media, in order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the environmental fate of trace elements in their biogeochemical cycles for different ecosystems.
    Keywords: marine sediments ; trace metals ; speciation ; contamination ; San Simon Bay ; soil remediation ; toxicity bioassays ; humic substances ; calcium carbonate ; iron oxides ; polyphenolic compounds ; heavy metals ; soil ; enrichment factor ; geoaccumulation index ; contamination factor ; pollution indices ; soil contamination ; geogenic and anthropogenic origin ; iron ore deposits ; tailing dumps ; seepage water ; water balance of the enterprise ; metals ; p-arsanilic acid ; adsorption ; natural fluorine-enriched soil ; natural sources ; chemical extraction resistance ; low washing efficiency ; lacustrine sediments ; geochemical mapping ; spatial distribution ; contamination assessment ; environmental risk assessments ; sediment quality guidelines ; pollution ; bottom sediments ; river ; acid mine drainage ; abandoned coal mine ; potentially toxic elements ; pollution level ; potential ecological risk ; sewage sludge ; calcareous soil ; extraction DTPA ; crop ; transfer ; long time ; engineered nanoparticles ; organic matter ; phosphorus ; nutrients ; volcanic soil ; agricultural land contamination ; sediment ; irrigation canal ; heavy metal ; copper ; cadmium ; Daphnia pulex ; ecotoxicology ; LC50 ; ecological risk assessment ; karst areas ; soil properties ; urban ecology ; trace metal pollution ; soil organisms ; diversity ; Western Siberia ; snow pollution ; trace metals and metalloids ; atmospheric depositions ; solubility ; sediments ; bioindicators ; geochemical background ; risk assessment code ; sequential extraction ; groundwater ; precipitation ; caustic calcined magnesia (CCM) ; permeable reactive barrier (PRB) ; natural water ; water quality ; Arctic region ; elemental composition ; springs ; QR code ; modern sedimentation processes ; mineralogy ; geochemistry ; authigenic minerals ; hydrogen sulfide contamination ; arid climate ; Caspian Sea ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue, focusing on the value of mineralogical monitoring for the mining and minerals industry, should include detailed investigations and characterizations of minerals and ores of the following fields for ore and process control: Lithium ores—determination of lithium contents by XRD methods; Copper ores and their different mineralogy; Nickel lateritic ores; Iron ores and sinter; Bauxite and bauxite overburden; Heavy mineral sands. The value of quantitative mineralogical analysis, mainly by XRD methods, combined with other techniques for the evaluation of typical metal ores and other important minerals, will be shown and demonstrated for different minerals. The different steps of mineral processing and metal contents bound to different minerals will be included. Additionally, some processing steps, mineral enrichments, and optimization of mineral determinations using XRD will be demonstrated. Statistical methods for the treatment of a large set of XRD patterns of ores and mineral concentrates, as well as their value for the characterization of mineral concentrates and ores, will be demonstrated. Determinations of metal concentrations in minerals by different methods will be included, as well as the direct prediction of process parameters from raw XRD data.
    Keywords: barite ; mineralogy ; industrial application ; beneficiation ; specific gravity ; bauxite overburden ; Belterra Clay ; mineralogical quantification ; Rietveld analysis ; machine learning ; artificial intelligence ; mining ; mineralogical analysis ; bauxite ; available alumina ; reactive silica ; XRD ; PLSR ; lithium ; quantification ; clustering ; Rietveld ; cluster analysis ; spodumene ; petalite ; lepidolite ; triphylite ; zinnwaldite ; amblygonite ; chalcopyrite ; ore blending ; copper flotation ; nickel laterite ; ore sorting ; framboidal pyrite ; sulfide minerals ; flotation ; process mineralogy ; heavy minerals ; ilmenite ; titania slag ; rietveld ; Magneli phases ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTU Mining technology and engineering
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: This book, “Clay Mineral Transformations after Bentonite/Clayrocks and Heater/Water Interactions from Lab and Large-Scale Tests”, covers a broad range of relevant and interesting topics related to deep geological disposal of nuclear fuels and radioactive waste. Most countries that generate nuclear power have developed radioactive waste management programmes during the last 50 years to emplace long-lived and/or high-level radioactive wastes in a deep underground repository in a suitably chosen host rock formation. The aim is to remove these wastes from the human environment. If a site is properly chosen, a repository system comprising both natural and engineered barriers would provide a high level of protection from the toxic effects of the waste.The 17 papers published in this Special Issue show that bentonites and clayrocks are an essential component of the multi-barrier system ensuring the long-term safety of the final disposal of nuclear waste. The efficiency of such engineered and natural clay barriers relies on their physical and chemical confinement properties, which should be preserved in the long-term.
    Keywords: calcium bentonite ; gel ; swelling ; water uptake ; ESEM ; EDXA ; surface area ; XRD ; radioactive waste disposal ; cement–clay interaction ; bentonite ; cementitious materials ; alteration ; alkaline conditions ; radioactive waste ; cement-clay interaction ; OPC ; LAC ; alkaline leachate ; cement—clay interaction ; diffusion ; dual porosity ; electrostatic effects ; reactive transport modelling ; near field ; radioactive waste repository ; low-pH cement ; technical barrier ; Äspö ; ABM-test ; smectite alteration ; swelling pressure ; permeability ; hydraulic gradient ; engineered barriers ; geological repository ; selenium reduction ; sorption ; Opalinus Clay ; in situ ; batch tests ; smectite ; crystal structure ; water in the smectite interlayer ; mineralogical changes ; thermal treatment ; BET ; swell index ; liquid limit ; water retention curves ; iron ; in situ experiment ; interface ; layer charge ; metal substitution ; SEM–EDS ; microbial diversity ; organic supplements ; magnesium bentonite ; thermal loading ; montmorillonite content ; thermal analysis with evolved gas analysis ; cation exchange capacity ; specific surface area ; saturated hydraulic conductivity ; microbial survivability ; HLRW ; ABM test ; SEM-EDX ; repository ; high temperatures ; ordinary Portland cement ; mudstone ; sequential flow experiment ; reactive-transport modelling ; anion distribution ; CEC ; exchangeable cations ; hydration ; MiniSandwich ; sandwich sealing system ; solute transport ; waste repositories ; water content ; Milos ; interlayers ; iron–bentonite interaction ; reactive transport ; numerical model ; bentonites ; smectites ; pore water chemistry ; mineralogy ; cation exchange ; ABM experiment ; large-scale tests ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The extraction of apatite minerals is becoming more and more crucial with the depletion of high-grade ores. At the same time, many streams of waste are continuously being produced by the phosphate industry, including calcareous and siliceous waste rocks, clayey sludge and phosphogypsum. These waste products are produced in huge volumes reaching a ratio of between 5 to 10 tons of waste per each ton of concentrated phosphate. The management of these waste products is becoming a real issue in terms of growing public awareness and environmental and financial aspects. In addition, phosphate ores are known to contain other critical raw materials (CRM) such as rare earth elements and uranium. The recovery of these vital elements from phosphate waste may help to develop the needs of the green energy of the future and contribute to the achievement of the sustainable development goals. In this Special Issue, insights related to the following aspects were studied: phosphate extraction and beneficiation, novel phosphate ores, the fine characterization of phosphate ores and waste, phosphoric acid production, critical raw material (CRM) recovery from phosphate ores and waste, reprocessing of phosphate wastes and finally the valorization and reuse of phosphate waste and phosphogypsum.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TN1-997 ; n/a ; valorization ; ceramic membrane ; general industrial solid waste ; cemented paste backfill ; cemented phosphogypsum backfill ; unconfined compressive strength ; mineralogy ; froth flotation ; silicate-carbonate gangue ; geochemical characteristic ; activity concentration ; building materials ; valuable elements ; upgrading ; radiological influence ; durability ; phosphogypsum ; phosphate ore processing ; low-grade phosphate ; industrial waste ; phosphogypsum (PG) ; filtration ; civil engineering ; comprehensive utilization ; phosphorite ; flotation ; REE recovery ; phosphate mine waste rocks ; Gafsa-Metlaoui Basin ; acid extraction ; rare earth elements ; drying-wetting cycles ; column flotation ; slimes ; collector ; phosphate mine tailings ; apatite ; purification ; REE-bearing phases ; weathered ore ; water washing ; depressant ; environment behavior ; experimental design ; interfering ions ; technological mineralogy ; red mud ; rare earth elements (REEs) ; waste management ; phosphate ore ; waste recycle ; natural radioactivity ; natural aggregates ; phosphate ; beneficiation ; beneficiation tailings ; road techniques wet process ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The Arctic zone of the Earth is a major source of mineral and other natural resources for the future development of science and technology. It contains a large supply of strategic mineral deposits, including rare earths, copper, phosphorus, niobium, platinum-group elements, and other critical metals. The continued melting of the sea ice due to climate change makes these resources more accessible than ever before. However, the mineral exploration in the Arctic has always been a challenge due to the climatic restrictions, remote location, and vulnerability of Arctic ecosystems. This book covers a broad range of topics related to the problem of Arctic mineral resources, including geological, geochemical, and mineralogical aspects of their occurrence and formation; chemical technologies; and environmental and economic problems related to mineral exploration. The contributions can be tentatively classified into four major types: geodynamics and metallogeny, mineralogy and petrology, mineralogy and crystallography, and mining and chemical technologies associated with the exploration of mineral deposits and the use of raw materials for manufacturing new products. The book can be of interest for all those interested in Arctic issues and especially in Arctic mineral resources and associated problems of mineralogy, geology, geochemistry, and technology.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; U mineralization ; n/a ; ivanyukite ; Kovdor phoscorite–carbonatite complex ; Precambrian ; Kovdor phoscorite-carbonatite complex ; hydrothermal deposits ; chalcopyrite ; cathodoluminescence ; PGE ; low-grade copper-nickel ore ; Northern Karelia ; diamond processing plants ; transformation mineral species ; batievaite-(Y) ; rock alteration ; Khibiny ; bacterial leaching ; cryomineralogenesis ; beryllium minerals ; Siberian craton ; apatite-nepheline deposit ; apatite ; gold ; hainite-(Y) ; Keivy alkaline province ; zircon ; niobium ; zeolite group minerals ; shkatulkalite ; zircon dating ; electrochemical separation ; hydrothermal synthesis ; pyrrhotite ; Breivikbotn ; crystal fractionation ; Sakharjok massif ; Palaeoproterozoic ; titanosilicate ; Pechenga structure ; LIP ; antigorite ; nepheline ; forsterite ; Arctic ; saponite-containing waters ; chemical composition ; Khibiny promising structures ; melteigite ; sulfuric-acidic decomposition ; petroleum potential ; mineralogy ; mafic intrusion ; Paleoproterozoic ; vuonnemite ; calcite ; garnet ; raw materials ; search of trend differences ; metallogeny ; Lovozero alkaline massif ; isotopes ; kimberlite ; phase diagram apatite-nepheline-diopside ; mineral data ; ore dressing tailings ; geochronology ; geodynamic evolution ; pyrochlore supergroup minerals ; pentlandite ; saponite product applications ; basic rocks ; Plume ; West-Pana intrusion ; Rb-Sr ; U-Pb ; heap leaching ; rinkite group minerals ; Arctic zone ; Ti-in-zircon geothermometry ; apatite-nepheline-titanite ore ; cobaltpentlandite ; silicocarbonatite ; Fennoscandian Shield ; titanium ; MHD-source “Khibiny” ; Fedorova-Pana Complex ; Northern Norway ; evolution of the composition ; trace elements ; oil ; vanadium mineralization ; geodynamics ; gas ; greenstone belt ; South Reef ; typochemistry ; mechanical activation ; alkali-activated binder ; Kola region ; hydrothermal veins ; Kola Peninsula ; macrocrysts ; titanyl sulfate ; alkaline rocks ; cryogenic treatment ; granite ; Yenisei-Khatanga basin ; crystal structure ; pegmatites ; conductive layers ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Reactions at mineral surfaces are central to all geochemical processes. As minerals comprise the rocks of the Earth, the processes occurring at the mineral–aqueous fluid interface control the evolution of the rocks and hence the structure of the crust of the Earth during processes such as metamorphism, metasomatism, and weathering. In recent years focus has been concentrated on mineral surface reactions made possible through the development of advanced analytical methods such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), advanced electron microscopies (SEM and TEM), phase shift interferometry, confocal Raman spectroscopy, and advanced synchrotron-based applications, to enable mineral surfaces to be imaged and analyzed at the nanoscale. Experiments are increasingly complemented by molecular simulations to confirm or predict the results of these studies. This has enabled new and exciting possibilities to elucidate the mechanisms that govern mineral–fluid reactions. In this Special Issue, “Mineral Surface Reactions at the Nanoscale”, we present 12 contributions that highlight the role and importance of mineral surfaces in varying fields of research.
    Keywords: QE1-996.5 ; Q1-390 ; metadynamics ; minerals ; n/a ; microstructure ; dissolution-reprecipitation ; stabilization ; albite ; mineral–water interface ; simulation ; krennerite ; mineralogy ; mineral replacement ; calcite ; pyrite ; dissolution-precipitation ; goethite ; recrystallization ; gold–(silver) tellurides ; isotopes ; non-classical nucleation ; calaverite ; interfacial precipitation ; toxic metals ; metasomatism ; adsorption ; amorphous ; pre-nucleation clusters ; surface ; dissolution ; hematite ; cyanide ; MOFs ; leaching ; Raman spectroscopy ; sodalite ; carbonation ; rate spectra ; retreat velocity ; additives ; liquid precursors ; bioaragonite ; brucite ; kinetics ; re-adsorption ; brushite ; polymorphs ; dissolution–precipitation ; hydrothermal experiments ; apatite ; ferrihydrite ; mesocrystals ; catalysts ; carbonic anhydrase ; XPS ; replacement reaction ; mineral growth ; carbon capture and storage ; interfaces ; citrate ; classical nucleation theory ; REEs ; phosphate ; wollastonite ; polarization microscopy ; natural porous gold ; sylvanite ; analcime ; calcium phosphate ; Fe atom exchange ; nepheline ; biomineralisation ; interface-coupled dissolution–reprecipitation ; hydrothermal method ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Rare earth elements (REE) are critical to our modern way of life, although potential primary and secondary sources of these elements and the economics of the REE sector remain somewhat poorly understood. This Special Issue focuses on furthering our understanding of the criticality and potential sources of rare earth elements as well as the economics of the REE sector. The papers in this Special Issue provide further insight into the full life cycle of REE, information that is vital to ensuring the existence of sustainable sources of these critical elements into the future.
    Keywords: QE1-996.5 ; economic geology ; critical metals ; mineral economics ; mineralisation ; criticality ; mineralogy ; Rare Earth Elements ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
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  • 15
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    Firenze University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: The city of Firenze represents, for the variety of its artistic and architectural heritage, a kind of open-air museum. Works of art and monuments are mainly made of the rocks outcropping in Firenze and in the surrounding areas; indeed, a close link exists between monuments, geographical position of the city and its history. Florence, is characterised by the color of its stone-built cultural heritage, mainly by the warm ochraceous color of the Medieval Pietraforte sandstone and the cerulean grey of the Renaissance Pietra Serena sandstone together with other natural and artificial materials used to complete or cover the stone walls. The web-app 〈i〉Florence RockinArt〈/i〉 was created to deepen the knowledge of the stone materials. It is addressed to all those who are interested in discovering the monuments of Florence by carefully observing the stone materials that make up them. The web-app contains short historical notes on the main monuments and detailed geological, mineralogical and petrographic characteristics of the natural and artificial materials of which they are constituted.
    Keywords: D1-2009 ; natural and artificial materials ; Florence ; mineralogy ; petrography ; cultural heritage ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DN Biography and non-fiction prose
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  • 16
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: With its wide spectrum of data, case studies, monitoring, and experimental and numerical simulation techniques, the multidisciplinary approach of material, environmental, and computer science applied to the conservation of cultural heritage offers several opportunities for the heritage science and conservation community to map and monitor state-of-the-art knowledge on natural and human-induced climate change impacts on cultural heritage—mainly constituted by the built environment—in Europe and Latin America. Geosciences’ Special Issue titled “Preservation of Cultural Heritage and Resources Threatened by Climate Change” was launched to take stock of the existing but still fragmentary knowledge on this challenge, and to enable the community to respond to the implementation of the Paris agreement. These 10 papers exploit a broad range of data derived from preventive conservation monitoring conducted indoors in museums, churches, historical buildings, or outdoors in archeological sites and city centers. Case studies presented in the papers focus on a well-assorted sample of decay phenomena occurring on heritage materials (e.g., surface recession and biomass accumulation on limestone, depositions of pollutant on marble, salt weathering on inorganic building materials, and weathering processes on mortars in many local- to regional-scale study areas in the Scandinavian Peninsula, the United Kingdom, Belgium, France, Italy, Greece, and Panama). Besides monitoring, the methodological approaches showcased include, but are not limited to, original material characterization, decay product characterization, and climate and numerical modelling on material components for assessing environmental impact and climate change effects.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; Central America ; typical and extreme weather conditions ; indoor air quality ; climate modelling ; mineralogy ; adaptation ; degradation ; decay ; exposure tests ; mortars ; experimental research ; preventative conservation ; heritage materials ; moisture transport ; damage functions ; wood ; medieval buildings ; mechanical decay ; long-term monitoring ; climate change ; stable isotopes ; mitigation ; Norwegian protected buildings ; preventive conservation ; relative humidity ; cultural heritage ; built heritage ; mitigation actions ; salt climatology ; conservation ; outdoor climate ; built cultural heritage weathering ; indoor climate ; environmental impact ; hygrothermal simulation models ; surface recession ; biomass accumulation ; zero status ; masonry ; Scandinavian countries ; ?13C ; measurements ; climate variations ; chemical decay ; warning report ; salt crystallisation ; climate change scenarios ; ?18O ; management ; depositions on marble ; biological decay
    Language: English
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2021-10-29
    Description: Pour comprendre dynamique sédimentaire dans la frange littorale entre Oued Melah et Oued Gabès, des échantillons de sédiments de surface ont été prélevés entre 0.3m et 23 m de profondeurs pour étudier la granulométrie et la minéralogie des sédiments. Les analyses des paramètres granulométriques des sédiments de surfaces, montre que la plage sous-marine de la région de Gabès est tapissée par des sables fins, des sables moyens et des sables grossiers. Les sables grossiers et mal classés sont localisés dans les milieux profonds aux niveaux des isobathes -20m et -23m, alors que les sables fins et bien classés tapissent les fonds inférieurs à 15m. Les sables des petits fonds entre 0.3 m et 23 m des petits fonds présentent une granulométrie uniforme. Ils se sont déplacés par saltation et par suspension gradée dans les faibles profondeurs entre la zone de déferlement (5-7 m) et le trait de côte. Par contre, ils se sont déplacés par charriage et par roulement dans les profondeurs supérieures à 7 m. L’analyse minéralogique montre que les minéraux non argileux les plus abondants sont le gypse, le quartz, l’aragonite, la calcite, la calcite magnésienne et de moindre importance la dolomite.
    Description: To understand Sedimentary dynamics in the littoral fringe between Oued Melah and Oued Gabès, sub-surface marine sediments were collected between the isobaths 0.3 and 23 m in order to study the grain size characteristics and the mineralogy of the sediments. Analyses of the granulometric parameters of surface sediments show that the sands of the submarine beach of the Gabès region are covered by fine sands, medium sands and coarse sands. The coarse and poorly graded sands are located at great depths, while the fine and well-graded sands cover the bottom less than 15 m depth. The sands of the shallows have a uniform grain size. They moved by saltation and suspension graded in the shallow depths between the breaking zone (5-7m). On the other hand, they moved by thrusting and rolling in more than 7 m depth. Mineralogical analysis shows that the most abundant non-clay minerals are gypsum, quartz, aragonite, calcite, magnesian calcite and less important dolomite.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: granulométrie ; minéralogie ; sédiments ; sediment dynamics ; mineralogy ; granulometry ; grain size ; sand
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: 171-181
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  • 18
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19262 | 12051 | 2015-12-18 13:46:36 | 19262 | University of Karachi. Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Charles Darwin the research ship undertook an Oceanographic Cruise in 1986, CD 86/17 of the North Arabian Sea. Sediment cores were collected between 15° and 25°N. In this study sediment cores collected from deep Indus and Oman basins (CD 1715, CD 1730, CD 1738) have been analyzed for mineralogy, water content and porosity. In general, the cores are mainly composed of clay to silt sized terrigenous and biogenic constituents. Quartz, Chlorite and Illite are the common minerals of Arabian Sea sediments. Porosity determined by water content of sediments has been correlated with quartz/chlorite and quartz/illite peak ratios to show a relationship between mineral composition and physical properties.
    Keywords: Earth Sciences ; sediment cores ; Oman basin ; deep Indus basin ; mineralogy ; quartz/chlorite ; quartz/illite ; water content ; porosity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 17-31
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  • 19
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: mineralogy ; economic geology ; mining engineering ; environmental impacts ; mining industry
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Petrology, Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Greisens Associated with Tin-Tungsten Mineralisation: Hub Stock Deposit at Krásno–Horní Slavkov Ore District, Czech Republic by Miloš René --- Chapter 2: Zechstein-Kupferschiefer Mineralization Reconsidered as a Product of Ultra-Deep Hydrothermal, Mud-Brine Volcanism by Stanley B. Keith, Volker Spieth and Jan C. Rasmussen --- Chapter 3: Lead-, Zinc-, and Iron-Sulfide Mineralization from Northern Iraq by Ali Ismail Al-Juboury, Waleed S. Shingaly, Elias M. Elias and Mohsin M. Ghazal --- Chapter 4: Geology, Textural Study, Ore Genesis and Processing of the Tabuaço Tungsten Deposit (Northern Portugal) by Yann Foucaud, Bénédicte Lechenard, Philippe Marion, Inna Filippova and Lev Filippov --- Chapter 5: Lead Isotopes as Tracers of Metal Sources and Timing of the Carbonate-Hosted Pb-Zn Deposits in the Nappes Zone, Northern Tunisia by Nejib Jemmali and Fouad Souissi --- Chapter 6: Trace Elements in Coal Gangue: A Review by Shaoqing Guo --- Chapter 7: Mineralization: Evidence from Fission Track Thermochronology by Wanming Yuan and Ke Wang --- Chapter 8: Statistical Approach to Mineral Engineering and Optimization by Mehmet Deniz Turan --- Chapter 9: Expected Return on Capital in Mining Industry by Aneta Michalak
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535137498
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: mineralogy ; zeolite
    Description / Table of Contents: This book collects recent results about research activities on zeolites, from synthesis to application. It is composed of two sections. The first is devoted to articles and brief review articles on the synthesis of zeolite from fly ash and final application of these newly formed minerals to solve environmental problems. The second part of the book provides useful information on different applications both of natural and synthetic zeolites ranging from environmental pollution to industrial and commercial applications. The performance of zeolite molecular sieves, hollow titanium zeolites and luminescent zeolites is interesting considering the new frontiers reached by the research on zeolites. This book is a useful instrument for researchers, teachers and students who are interested in investigating innovative aspects of the studies on zeolite.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535125778
    Language: English
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  • 21
    Keywords: clays ; clay minerals ; mineralogy
    Description / Table of Contents: This book presents the state-of-the-art results of characterization of clays, clay minerals and ceramic materials based on clay minerals. The main goal of this work is to contribute to the rationalization of some important results obtained in the open area of clays and clay materials characterization. Moreover, this book also provides a comprehensive account on polymer and biopolymer-clay nanocomposites, use of clay as adsorption materials for industrial pollutants, ceramic materials in cultural heritage and physical-chemistry aspects of clay and clay minerals aqueous dispersions. This book will be beneficial for students, teachers and researchers of many areas who are interested to expand their knowledge about clays and its derivates in the fields of Nanotechnology, Biotechnology, Environmental Science, Industrial Remediation, Cultural Heritage, etc.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535122593
    Language: English
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  • 22
    Keywords: clay ; mineralogy
    Description / Table of Contents: Clay is an abundant raw material which has a variety of uses and properties depending on their structure and composition. Clay minerals are inexpensive and environmentally friendly naturally occurring nanomaterials, thanks to their 1 nm thick silicate layers, in all types of sediments and sedimentary rocks. The book chapters have been classified according to their characteristics in topics and applications. Therefore, in the first section five chapters is dedicated to the characterization and utilization of clay minerals in deposits. The second section includes four chapters about the significance of clay minerals in soils. Third section is devoted to different aspects of clay minerals research, especially to the characterization of structure and modifications for their application.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (326 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535107385
    Language: English
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  • 23
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: mineralogy ; physical sciences ; engineering ; technology
    Description / Table of Contents: An Introduction to the Study of Mineralogy is a collection of papers that can be easily understood by a wide variety of readers, whether they wish to use it in their work, or simply to extend their knowledge. It is unique in that it presents a broad view of the mineralogy field. The book is intended for chemists, physicists, engineers, and the students of geology, geophysics, and soil science, but it will also be invaluable to the more advanced students of mineralogy who are looking for a concise revision guide.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (154 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533078960
    Language: English
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Mt. Vesuvius, Italy, is regarded as one of the world's most dangerous volcanoes because of the potential for vast numbers of people to be affected by the renewal of volcanic activity; more than 600 000 people live within 10 km of the summit alone. Vesuvius has been quiescent since 1944 and with continued dormancy, the more likely it is that the next eruption will be explosive. At that point, wide-spread concern is likely over the potential health hazard of the ash, away from the zone of primary volcanic hazards. Analyses of the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of ash provide us with critical information on the potential toxicity of the particles, for example, whether particles are sufficiently small to enter the lungs and whether the particles have reactive properties which could trigger disease. Rapid assessment of these characteristics allows real-time decision making on hazard mitigation issues (e.g. distribution of dust masks) and allows considered judgement on whether to embark on major medical/toxicological studies. The study presented here is the first time that the potential respiratory health hazard of ash from Vesuvius volcano has been considered and allows planning for future eruption scenarios. Twenty-one ash samples, representing the range of eruption styles at Vesuvius, were collected and analysed. The results demonstrate that the physical processes of fragmentation play an important role in determining the grain size and, therefore, hazard, of the ash. Here, the finest samples derive from the interaction of magma and water during the final, phreatomagmatic phases of plinian and subplinian eruptions ( 16 vol.% 〈4 µm material), while the low-intensity explosivity activity, associated with lava effusion, produces coarse ash posing a lesser hazard. The quantity of material found in the different health-pertinent fractions is strongly correlated, allowing prediction of these fractions where only coarser sieve data are available. Since Vesuvius produces silica under-saturated products, ‘free’ crystalline silica in the ash does not pose a significant health hazard (〈 2 wt.% cristobalite and 〈3 wt.% quartz). Surface tests showed that the capability of the ash to generate the highly-reactive hydroxyl free radical varies considerably amongst samples, with available surface iron correlating well with reactivity potential.
    Description: Published
    Description: 222-232
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Vesuvius ; volcano ; health ; mineralogy ; ash ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 25
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    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., L'wiw, Inst. f. Theoret. Geodäsie, vol. 32, no. 13, pp. 383-388, pp. L13312, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Geochemistry ; Mineralogy ; Fluids ; Subduction zone ; Plate tectonics ; presure ; temperature ; 410 ; discontinuity ; GRL ; 1025 ; Geochemistry: ; Composition ; of ; the ; mantle ; 3630 ; Mineralogy ; and ; Petrology: ; Experimental ; mineralogy ; and ; petrology ; 3924 ; Mineral ; Physics: ; High-pressure ; behavior
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  • 26
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    In:  Scripta Geologica. Special Issue vol. 4, pp. 237-248
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The Vaterl\xc3\xa4ndisches Museum in Prague was officially founded in 1822 by Caspar and Franz Sternberg as a manifestation of Bohemian nationalism. It aimed at 1) the education of the public, 2) the sponsorship of Bohemian scientific and cultural research, and 3) the economical utilization of scientific knowledge. Under these aspects also the development of the oryctognostic collection of the museum should be regarded. \nIn 1818, private mineral collections were donated. After its official opening in 1822, the united collections were split into two parts, a systematic and a local native collection. The first was basically distinguished by a prominent sortiment of gems, particularly by the typical garnet species and varieties, furthermore by the meteorites of Elbogen, Z\xcb\x87 ebrak and Bohumilitz and by a rich portion of metals and their ores. The second exposed its specimens to the observer in an instructive disposition of their natural deposit referring to their topographic location along the Bohemian mountain ranges and formations. The national endeavours behind the museum\xe2\x80\x99s enterprises were additionally manifested in its ambition in scientific research, which in the field of mineralogy has been largely done by the collection\xe2\x80\x99s curator Franz-Xaver Zippe.
    Keywords: 19th century ; Bohemia ; museum ; collections ; research ; mineralogy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 27
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., London, Army Corps of Engineers, Woodward-Clyde Consultants, vol. 105, no. B5, pp. 11083-11100, pp. 1013, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Description: A method of automatically combining geodetic network solutions to produce station coordinate time series with realistic computed errors has been developed and tested and is being applied on a weekly basis to Global Positioning System (Global Positioning System) global and regional networks of the International Global Positioning System Service. Our techniques include modified Helmert blocking, stochastic modeling to minimize frame bias, Monte Carlo simulation, variance component estimation, and multiparameter data snooping. An 18-month time series evaluation of 150 globally distributed stations demonstrates that our combined weekly solution is more complete, precise, and reliable than any contributing solution. Our method of attaching regional networks without perturbing the global network solution, rather than combining normal equations, improves the quality measures. The median RMS of station position residuals with respect to a constant velocity model is 2.4 mm in latitude, 3.0 mm in longitude, and 7.2 mm in height. Our solution has since been incorporated into the reference frame ITRF96 (International Terrestrial Reference Frame 1996), showing a RMS coordinate difference of 5.4 mm, the lowest of all contributing solutions. As an independent test, the RMS difference with the ITRF94 is 4.5 mm in horizontal and 8.1 mm in height. As a second external test, the station velocity solution was used to estimate plate tectonic Euler vectors, which were then compared with the NUVEL-1A model and found to differ at a level consistent with the computed errors. Given a few more years of data, our error model predicts solutions that will be sufficiently precise to rigorously test NUVEL-1A or its successors
    Keywords: Strain ; Time series analysis ; Geodesy ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Plate tectonics ; map ; Paleomagnetism ; JGR ; 1503 ; Geomagnetism ; and ; Paleomagnetism: ; Archeomagnetism ; 1519 ; Magnetic ; mineralogy ; and ; petrology ; 1521 ; Paleointensity ; 1540 ; Rock ; and ; mineral ; magnetism
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  • 28
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    In:  Rev. Geophys., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 141-158, pp. 1484, (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Seismology ; 410 ; 660 ; earth mantle ; Subduction zone ; Waves ; Wave propagation ; 3630 ; Mineralogy ; petrology ; rock ; chemistry ; Experimental ; mineralogy ; and ; petrology ; 3939 ; Mineral ; physics ; Physical ; thermodynamics ; 7203 ; Seismology ; Body ; wave ; propagation ; 8124 ; Tectonophysics ; Earth's ; interior--composition ; and ; state ; (old ; 8105)
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: late-Holocene ; water chemistry ; bison ; aspen ; fire regime ; pollen ; mineralogy ; granulometry ; hydrology ; Great Plains
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports on a high-resolution, multi-proxy, late-Holocene study from a lake in the Aspen Parkland of southern Alberta, Canada. A sediment core spanning the last 4000+ yrs from Pine Lake was analyzed for charcoal, granulometry, grain roundness, tephra content, geochemistry, mineralogy and pollen. This multi-proxy record indicates: (1) increasing anoxia causing a shift in S deposition from gypsum to pyrite due to increasing moisture availability in the late Holocene; (2) a decrease in Mg flux into the lake due to the development of the aspen forest, which reduced water flow through the Mg-rich shallow sand aquifer; the aspen forest expansion was in turn induced by the extirpation of plains bison prior to settlement; and (3) a change in the upland fire regime from frequent low-biomass grass fires to less frequent but higher biomass under-story fires, also as a result of the expansion of the aspen forest. Not only are the different proxies sensitive to different rates and magnitudes of change, they also show different sensitivities to different types of hydrological change: the mineralogy and geochemistry are sensitive to changes in water level and redox potential, and to changes in the relative strengths of the aquifers feeding the lake, while the granulometry is sensitive to total hydrological balance. Thus, apparently contradictory proxy results should be viewed as complementary.
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  • 30
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: saline lakes ; stable isotope ; sedimentology ; mineralogy ; paleohydrology ; Altiplano ; Holocene ; Little Ice Age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The paleohydrological evolution of several high altitude, saline lakes located in the southernmost Altiplano (El Peinado and San Francisco basins, Catamarca province, NW Argentina) was reconstructed applying sedimentological, geochemical and isotopic techniques. Several playa lakes from the San Francisco basin (26° 56′ S; 68° 08′ W, 3800-3900 m a.s.l.) show evidence of a recent raise in the watertable that led to modern deposition of carbonate and diatomaceous muds. A 2 m - long core from El Peinado Lake (26° 29′ 59′′ S, 68°05′ 32′′ W, 3820 m a.s.l.) consists of calcitic crusts (unit 3), overlaid by an alternation of macrophyte-rich and travertine clast- rich, laminated muds (unit 2), and topped by travertine facies (unit 1). This sedimentary sequence illustrates a paleohydrological evolution from a subaerial exposure (unit 3) to a high lake stand (unit 2), and a subsequent smaller decrease in lake level (unit 1). The δ13Corganic matterrecord also reflects the lake transgression between units 3 and 2. Although there is a general positive correlation between δ 18Ocarbonate and salinity proxies (Na, Li and B content), the large data dispersion indicates that other factors besides evaporation effects control chemical and isotopic composition of lakewater. Consequently, the oxygen isotopic composition cannot be interpreted exclusively as an indicator of salinity or evaporation ratio. The degassing of CO2 during groundwater discharge can explain the enriched δ13C values for primary carbonates precipitated. The carbon budget in these high altitude, saline lakes seems to be controlled by physical rather than biological processes.The Altiplano saline lakes contain records of environmental and climatic change, although accurate 14C dating of these lacustrine sediments is hindered by the scarcity of terrestrial organic material, and the large reservoir effects. Sedimentologic evidence, a 210Pb-based chronology, and a preliminary U/Th chronology indicate a very large reservoir effect in El Peinado, likely as a result of old groundwaters and large contributions of volcanic and geothermal 14C-free CO2 to the lake system. Alternative chronologies are needed to place these paleorecords in a reliable chronological framework. A period of increased water balance in the San Francisco basin ended at about 1660 ± 82 yr B.P. (calendar yr U/Th age), and would correlates with the humid phase between 3000 and 1800 yr B.P detected in other sites of the southern Altiplano. Both, 210Pb and preliminary U/Th dating favor a younger age for the paleohydrological changes in El Peinado. The arid period reflected by subaerial exposure and low lake levels in unit 3 would have ended with a large increase in effective moisture during the late 17th century. The increased lake level during deposition of unit 2 would represent the period between AD1650 - 1900, synchronous to the Little Ice Age. This chronological framework is coherent with other regional records that show an abrupt transition from more arid to more humid conditions in the early 17th century, and a change to modern conditions in the late 19th century. Although there are local differences, the Little Ice Age stands as a significant climatic event in the Andean Altiplano.
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Natural resources research 9 (2000), S. 257-268 
    ISSN: 1573-8981
    Keywords: Spectrometry ; drill core ; mineralogy ; lithology ; mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A novel approach for using field spectrometry for determining both the mineralogy and the lithology of drill core pulps (powders) is developed and evaluated. The methodology is developed using material from a single drillhole through a mineralized sequence of rocks from central New South Wales. Mineral library spectra are used in linear unmixing routines to determine the mineral abundances in drill core pulps that represent between 1 m and 3 m of core. Comparison with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses shows that for most major constituents, spectrometry provides an estimate of quantitative mineralogy that is as reliable as that provided by XRD. Confusion between the absorption features of calcite and those of chlorite causes the calcite contents determined by spectrometry to be unreliable. Convex geometry is used to recognize the spectra of those samples that are extreme and are representative of unique lithologies. Linear unmixing is used to determine the abundance of these lithologies in each drillhole sample and these abundances are used to interpret the geology of the drillhole. The interpreted geology agrees well with conventional drillhole logs of the visible geology and photographs of the split core. The methods developed provide a quick and cost-effective way of determining the lithology and alteration mineralogy of drill core pulps.
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 88 (2000), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Asteroid ; density ; mineralogy ; taxonomic class
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract High quality new data on the asteroid mass and volume were produced in the last years from both extra-atmospheric instruments and the groundbased high-performance telescopes. This paper presents a synthesis of these resultsin terms of the asteroid density, taking into account several techniques, and the possible correlation of the density through the taxonomic system. The important conclusion is that M-type asteroids seems to have an unexpected low density, which cannot be explained by the present mineralogy assumed by the comparative mineralogy.
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 118 (2000), S. 245-262 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: clays ; dust ; dustfall-flux ; Israel ; Kinneret ; mineralogy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The dustfall around Lake Kinneret (LK), northernIsrael was collected monthly for four and a half years, January 1993–May 1997. The inorganic waterinsoluble portions were found to be composed mainlyof four non-clay minerals: quartz, feldspars, calciteand dolomite. The principal clay minerals, about 10%of the IWI, were palygorskite, kaolinite, illite andsmectite. A seasonal non-clay mineral distributionvariation was noticed, being richer in quartz in thewinter and richer in carbonates, especially calcite,in the summer. During dust storm episodes the amountof quartz (and also feldspar) in the dustfallincreased markedly. Near basalt and volcanic tuffquarries, the predominant minerals are of the feldspargroup. The origin of the quartz was found to be longrange transport, whilst the other minerals are mainlyof intermediate and local origin.
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  • 34
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    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Stuttgart, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. 25, no. 14, pp. 2691-2694, pp. L08309, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Publication Date: 1998
    Description: We investigate the spatio-temporal complexity of moment release of the February 21, 1996 Peru earthquake (Mw7.5). We use a non-linear source tomographic technique, based on simulated annealing, to invert surface wave source spectra for the slip distribution on a gently dipping fault plane. The spectra (5-65 mHz) are obtained using an empirical Green's function (EGF) method applied to first and second orbit fundamental mode Rayleigh waves. Spectra are well fit by a 110 km bilateral rupture, subparallel to the trench, updip of the hypocenter, with a total moment of 2.0?1020 Nm. The non-linear inversion reveals a 30x30 km 2 major slip patch south the onset, where rupture velocities attain 1.5-2.0 km/s. Inversions of teleseismic broadband P and SH waves (10-500 mHz) indicate little or no directivity, consistent with the surface wave data. The average source time functions for both the surface and body wave data are similar in shape and in duration (?50 s). Part of the slip during the 1996 Peru event occurred in a region of reduced background seismicity, as was the case for the 1992 Nicaragua slow event, suggesting that the seismogenic potential of low seismicity regions near the trench should be globally reassessed
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Tsunami(s) ; Broad-band ; Source ; GRL ; 3630 ; Mineralogy, ; Petrology, ; and ; Mineral ; Physics: ; Experimental ; mineralogy ; and ; petrology ; 3924 ; Mineral ; Physics: ; High-pressure ; behavior ; 7218 ; Seismology: ; Lithosphere ; and ; upper ; mantle ; 8124 ; Tectonophysics: ; Earth's ; interior--composition ; and ; state ; (old ; 8105)
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 19 (1998), S. 265-284 
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: Holocene ; lacustrine ; sedimentation ; Lake Winnipeg ; sediment cores ; geochemistry ; mineralogy ; texture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Two seismic facies were recognized in the sedimentary sequence overlying acoustic basement in Lake Winnipeg. The upper facies, which overlies a regional unconformity, is termed the Lake Winnipeg Sequence. Based on the seismostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, and radiocarbon dates of approximately 4000 and 7000 yr BP from material collected directly over the unconformity in the southern and northern parts of the lake, respectively, this facies has been interpreted as representing Holocene sedimentation. Results of compositional and textural analyses of the Holocene sediment (Winnipeg sediment) from thirteen long (〉2 m) cores indicate a transgressional sequence throughout the basin. In the South Basin, the generally fining upward sequence is characterized at the base by silt-sized detrital carbonate minerals, quartz and feldspar which decrease in concentration upward. In this basin, the high carbonate content and V/Al and Zn/Al ratios are indicative of a Paleozoic and Cretaceous provenance for sediment derived from glacial deposits through shoreline erosion and fluvial transport, via the Red River. Sedimentation in the central part of the lake and the North Basin is attributed to shoreline erosion of sand and gravel beaches. Consequently, the texture of these sediments is generally coarser than in the South Basin, and the composition primarily reflects a Paleozoic and Precambrian provenance. The basin-wide decrease in Ca, total carbonate minerals, dolomite and calcite concentrations upward in the cores is reflected by a decrease in the detrital carbonate component in all but the most northern cores. Other basin-wide trends show an upward increase in organic content in all cores. An increase in grain size near the top of most cores suggests a major, basin-wide change in sedimentation within the last, approximately 900 years in the South Basin.
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    Earth, moon and planets 82-83 (1998), S. 325-350 
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Asteroid ; bolide ; chemistry ; comet ; cosmic dust ; fireball ; interplanetary dust particle (IDP) ; meteorite ; meteor ; mineralogy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The bulk density and bulk porosity of IDPs and various meteorite classes show that protoplanet accretion and evolution were arrested at different stages as a function of parent body modification. The collected IDPs, micrometeorites and meteorites are aggregates of different structural entities that were inherited from the earliest times of solar system evolution. These structural entities and the extent of parent body lithification will determine the material strength of the meteoroids entering the Earth's atmosphere. There is a need for measurements of the material strength of collected extraterrestrial materials because they will in part determine the nature of the chemical interactions of descending meteors and fireballs in the atmosphere. High—precision determinations of meteor and fireball compositions are required to search for anhydrous, carbon-rich proto-CI material that has survived in the boulders of comet nuclei.
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    Netherlands journal of geosciences 77 (1998), S. 137-151 
    ISSN: 1573-9708
    Keywords: absorption-feature mapping ; Cuprite mining district ; high-spectral resolution ; mineralogy ; Nevada
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Without use of imaging spectrometry, imaging of the Earth's surface from aircraft and from spacecraft is hampered by the low spectral resolution and limited number of spectral bands, typically less than 10 bands of 100 to 200 nm width. Imaging spectrometry in remote sensing concerns the acquisition of image data in many narrow (〈 40 nm wide) contiguous spectral bands with the ultimate goal of producing detailed spectral reflectance curves for each pixel in the image. Many minerals and rocks have unique spectral signatures with characteristic absorption features that are 20 to 40 nm wide. Imaging spectrometers allow to depict these narrow features and thus map surface mineralogy based on spectral image characterization. This paper gives a review of imaging spectrometry and addresses the following topics: airborne and spaceborne systems available, spectral and geometric data pre-processing, atmospheric correction, techniques for thematic data analysis, and applications in the field of geological remote sensing. In the final section a case study is described where imaging spectrometer data is used for mapping surface mineralogy in a hydrothermal alteration system, thus guiding gold exploration.
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  • 38
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: Great Plains ; mineralogy ; ostracodes ; paleohydrology ; plant macrofossils ; stable isotopes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Sediment lithology and mineralogy, as well as ostracode, plant macrofossil and stable isotope stratigraphies of lake sediment cores, are used to reconstruct late Holocene hydrologic changes at Kenosee Lake, a relatively large, hyposaline lake in southeastern Saskatchewan. Chronological control is provided by AMS radiocarbon ages of upland and shoreline plant macrofossils. All indicators outline an early, low-water, saline phase of lake history (4100–3000 BP), when the basin was occupied by a series of small, interconnected, sulfate-rich brine pools, as opposed to the single, topographically-closed lake that exists today. A rapid rise in lake-level (3000–2300 BP) led to the establishment of carbonate-rich, hyposaline lake conditions like those today. Lithostratigraphic data and ostracode assemblages indicate peak salinities were attained early in this period of lake infilling, suggesting that the lake-level rise was initially driven by an influx of saline groundwater. Lake-level and water chemistry have remained relatively stable over the last 2000 years, compared to earlier events. Because of a lack of datable organic material in sediments deposited during the last 2000 years, the chronology of recent events is not well resolved. Plant macrofossil, lithostratigraphic and ostracode evidence suggests that lake draw-down, accompanied by slightly higher than present salinites, occurred sometime prior to 600 BP, followed by peak lake-level and freshwater conditions. This most recent high lake stand, indicative of a high water table on the surrounding upland, may also have led to the establishment of an extensive cover of Betula in the watershed, possibly in response to paludification. Ostracode assemblages indicate that peak freshwater conditions occurred within the last 100 years. Since historically documented lake-level fluctuations correlate with decadal scale climatic fluctuations in the meteorological record, and late-Holocene hydrologic dynamics correspond to well documented climatic excursions of the Neoglacial and Little Ice Age, Kenosee Lake dynamics offer insight into the susceptibility of the region's water resources to climate change.
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  • 39
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Taipei, Elsevier, vol. 100, no. B9, pp. 18205-18228, pp. TC1002, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Radiation pattern ; Seismology ; Source parameters ; Stress drop ; JGR ; 1010 ; Geochemistry: ; Chemical ; evolution ; 3662 ; Mineralogy, ; Petrology, ; and ; Mineral ; Physics: ; Meteorites ; 3630 ; Mineral ; Physics: ; Experimental ; mineralogy ; and ; petrology ; 8125 ; Tectonophysics: ; Evolution ; of ; the ; Earth
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  • 40
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    Journal of paleolimnology 10 (1994), S. 199-212 
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: saline lake ; geochemistry ; mineralogy ; lithostratigraphy ; paleolimnology ; Great Plains ; evaporites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Little Manitou Lake is a topographically closed, hypersaline lake that occupies a long, linear glacial meltwater channel in the northern Great Plains of western Canada. Most of the modern and late Holocene sediment in the lake has been generated from within the basin itself, either by endogenic inorganic precipitation or by other authigenic processes. These endogenic and authigenic precipitates, composed of mainly very soluble sulfate salts and sparingly soluble carbonates, provide an explicit record of the past chemical and hydrological fluctuations that have occurred in the lake. Although detailed chronostratigraphy is incomplete, preliminary14C dating indicates an age of about 2000 years for the oldest sediment recovered from the basin. Five subsurface sedimentary facies are identified in offshore cores. From the base these are: (i) structureless, gray clay, (ii) gypsiferous mud, (iii) structureless, organic-rich mud, (iv) finely laminated aragonitic mud, and (v) Na and Mg sulfate salts. The lithostratigraphy and variation in the mineralogical composition of the sediment indicate that Little Manitou Lake experienced significant water level changes and compositional fluctuations during the past several millennia. The basal clays indicate a relatively deep, freshwater lake existed about 2000 years ago, but was soon followed by a period of low water/playa sedimentation and a negative hydrological budget in the basin. Water levels gradually increased after about 1500 years ago in response to a cooler and wetter climate. This resulted in development of a meromictic, saline to hypersaline lake characterized by periodic carbonate (aragonite) whitings. Water levels again decreased about 1000 years ago, resulting in a breakdown of meromixis and initiation of subaqueous evaporitic salt precipitation. Although the brine in Little Manitou Lake has fluctuated between Na-SO4 and Mg-Na-SO4 -Cl types during the past 1000 years, water levels and overall salinities have remained relatively constant.
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  • 41
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: lake sediments ; diatoms ; spores ; tephra ; mineralogy ; sediment chemistry ; mosses ; multivariate analysis ; palaeoclimate ; holocene ; Livingston Island ; Antarctica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The hitherto longest found lake sediment sequence on Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, was analysed with respect to lithology, chronology, diatoms, Pediastrum, pollen and spores, mosses, mineralogy, and sediment chemistry. During the ca. 5000 year long development the sediments were influenced by frequent tephra fall-outs. This volcanic impact played a major role in the lake's history during two periods, 4700–4600 and 2800–2500 BP, but was of importance during the lake's entire history with considerable influence on many of the palaeoenvironmentally significant indicators. The large and complex data set was analysed and zonated with different types of multivariate analysis. This resulted in a subdivision of the sequence into 8 time periods and 21 variables. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of this data set, both without and with the tephra periods, and with 4–6 of the variables as explanatory environmental variables, reveal that climatic/environmental signals are detectable. The palaeoclimatic picture that emerged out of the tephra ‘noise’ suggests that the first 100 years were characterized by mild, humid conditions. This was followed by a less mild and humid climate until ca. 4000 BP when a gradual warming seems to have started, coupled with increased humidity. These mild and humid conditions seem to have reached an optimum slightly after 3000 BP. At ca. 2500 BP a distinct climatic deterioration occurred with colder and drier conditions and long seasons with ice cover. This arid, cold phase probably reached its optimum conditions at ca. 1500 BP, when slightly warmer conditions might have prevailed for a while. Except for the modern sample with rather mild climate, the last 1400 years seem to have been fairly arid and cold, and the effects of the frequent volcanic activity during this period is only vaguely seen in the records.
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  • 42
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    Journal of paleolimnology 8 (1993), S. 103-120 
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: pollen analysis ; paleobotany ; mineralogy ; Great Plains ; drought ; paleosalinity ; paleoclimatology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Analyses of pollen, plant macrofossils, sediment mineralogy, geochemistry, and lithology of cores from Chappice Lake, southeastern Alberta, provide an outline of paleohydrological changes spanning the last 7300 radiocarbon years. Situated near the northern margin of the Great Plains, Chappice Lake is currently a small (1.5 km2), shallow (〈1 m), hypersaline lake. Results of this study suggest that the lake has experienced significant changes in water level and chemistry during the Holocene. From 7300 to 6000 BP the lake oscillated between relatively high stands and desiccation. From 6000 to 4400 BP it was smaller than present and ponded highly saline water. Although extreme water level variations of the preceding period had ceased, pronounced seasonal fluctuations persisted. Between 4400 and 2600 BP, lake level was more stable but gradually rising. Carbonates were a major component of the sediments deposited during this interval. A large, relatively fresh lake existed from 2600 to 1000 BP. Illite was the dominant mineral deposited during this period, but since then has been a minor constituent in a mineral suite dominated by detrital silicates. A series of low-water, high-salinity stands occurred between 1000 and 600 BP, although these low stands were not as pronounced as low-water intervals in the middle Holocene. Relatively high water levels were sustained from 600 BP until the late 1800s. The lake declined significantly in the last one hundred years, notably during the historically documented droughts of the late 1800s, 1920s, 1930s, and 1980s. The timing of paleohydrological events at Chappice Lake corresponds closely with well documented Holocene climatic intervals, such as the Hypsithermal, Neoglaciation, Medieval Warm Period, and Little Ice Age. In addition, historic lake-level fluctuations can be related directly to climate. As a result, the Chappice Lake sedimentary succession offers a rare opportunity to obtain a high-resolution, surrogate record of Holocene climate on the northern Great Plains, and to observe the response of lake chemistry and biota to significant environmental change.
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  • 43
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    Journal of paleolimnology 9 (1993), S. 23-39 
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: northern Great Plains ; mineralogy ; carbonates ; grain size ; lacustrine stratigraphy ; Holocene ; Saskatchewan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Harris Lake, a small, groundwater fed lake in the Cypress Hills area of Saskatchewan, is one of the few lacustrine basins in the Great Plains that contains a complete, uninterrupted record of Holocene sedimentation. The lithostratigraphy and variation in the mineralogical composition of the sediments in this basin provide insight into the paleolimnology and paleohydrology of the lake and surrounding watershed. Although there is no evidence that the basin was dry for extended periods during the Holocene, the lake did experience numerous short-lived episodes of high salinity, as well as significant changes in solute composition during the early to mid-Holocene. An abrupt change, from a lake dominated by detrital sediments to one characterized almost entirely by endogenic deposition, occurred about 4000 years ago in response to the combined influence of forestation of the watershed and diversion of major fluvial and detrital influx by landsliding. These adjustments to the Harris Lake drainage basin were likely the result of the onset of cooler and wetter climatic conditions after 4500 B.P. During the late Holocene, slope failure continued to sporadically provide fresh clastic material to the otherwise endogenic-sediment dominated lake.
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  • 44
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: apple orchard ; boron ; calcium ; magnesium ; mineralogy ; spent bed ash ; sulfur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Currently, there is renewed interest in the agricultural utilization of coal combustion byproducts. Field sites where high rates (112 Mg ha−1) of high gypsum coal combustion spent bed ashes were surface applied in 1980 within fruit tree orchard rows were identified and sampled with depth. The objective of this study was to examine the effects on long-term exposure/leaching of these materials on soil profile chemical properties. When applied, the material had an aqueous pH of 12.5 and consisted of about 52% calcium sulfate, 33% calcium oxide and 15% coal ash residues. Eleven years after ash application, soil pH is significantly higher in the top 66 cm of the treated sites compared to unamended sites. This has been accompanied by increases in extractable and total calcium and total boron and sulfur with a concomitant reduction in extractable magnesium. Remaining pieces of the applied spent bed material are composed primarily of calcite and quartz with some gypsum associated with large pieces.
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  • 45
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 38 (1992), S. 1405-1413 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: mineralogy ; plastic fire clays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mittels DTA, TG und Elektronenmikroskopie wurden mineralogische Untersuchungen an fünf plastischen Feuertonproben aus Indien durchgeführt. Die Untersuchungen wurden einerseits an den Tonproben durchgeführt, wie man sie erhielt, andererseits an einer ‘〈1 (μ-Fraktion’. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, daß alle Proben vorwiegend aus Kaolinit bestanden und intensive endotherme Peaks zwischen 540° und 590°C sowie exotherme Peaks zwischen 920° und 985°C aufwiesen. Ein intensiver exothermer Peak bei 810°C und ein Masseverlust von 5.35 % im Bereich von 700° bis 900°C bei dem Ton aus Barachatarma weisen auf die Gegenwart von Graphit in dieser Probe hin. Sowohl Ton aus Neyveli und auch aus Badampahar enthielten Illit und Geothit. Elektronenmikrographen von Ton aus Mohuamillan und Neyveli weisen hexagonale Flocken von geordnetem Kaolinit auf. Außer den Kaolinit-Partikeln konnten in den Tonproben aus Chittorpur, Neyveli und Badampahar auch noch einige tubusartige Partikel beobachtet werden.
    Notes: Abstract Mineralogical studies on five plastic fire clays of India have been carried out by DTA, TG and electron microscopy. Studies were done on both ‘as received’ and ‘〈1 μ fraction’ of clays. Results indicated that all the clays were predominantly kaolinite in nature and showed the main endothermic peak between 540° and 590°C and the exothermic peak between 920° and 985°C. A large exothermic peak at 810°C and a weight loss of 5.35% between 700° and 900°C in case of Barachatarma clay indicated the presence of graphitic carbon in the same. Both Neyveli and Badampahar clays contained illite and goethite. Electron micrographs of Mohuamilan and Neyveli clays showed hexagonal flakes of well-ordered kaolinite. Some tubular particles were seen in Chittorpur, Neyveli and Badampahar clays in addition to the kaolinite particles.
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  • 46
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    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 28 (1991), S. 295-304 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Partially acidulated phosphate rock ; mineralogy ; phosphate fertilizers ; EDS analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The fertilizer reaction products formed during the dissolution of PAPR fertilizer applied to two soils of contrasting P retention were studied using electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectrum (EDS) analysis combined with common mineralogical analysis procedures. Monocalcium phosphate (MCP) and phosphate rock (PR) residue were the main components of the PAPR fertilizer at the time of application. Dissolution of MCP in PAPR led to the formation of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) which was morphologically distinct from the soil matrix and easily analyzed by the microprobe. The amount of DCPD at the granule site was greater in the soil of low P retention than in the soil of high P retention, consistent with a greater transfer of fertilizer-P to the soil in latter case. The mean crystallite size of carbonate apatite in the fertilizer residue suggested a preferential dissolution of very fine crystallites at acidulations less than 50% during phosphoric acid acidulation. Electron microscopy showed dissolution of primary mineral grains (e.g. clinopyroxene) in soil adjacent to the fertilizer pellet during the dissolution of PAPR fertilizer. The precipitated products in the soil near the PAPR fertilizer pellet were complex compounds containing P, Ca, Al, Fe and Si. There was no evidence of pure phases such as variscite and strengite. These changes were analogous to those occurring in and around fully acidulated P fertilizers (TSP) in soil; however, in the case of PAPR, the reactive phosphate rock residue and DCPD at the site of application may provide a continuous source of P for plants over a long period.
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  • 47
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    Biogeochemistry 9 (1990), S. 1-18 
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: clays ; forest soil ; mineralogy ; rhizosphere ; roots ; soils ; weathering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Chemical and mineralogical studies of forest soils from six sites in the northeastern and southeastern United States indicate that soil in the immediate vicinity of roots and fine root masses may show marked differences in physical characteristics, mineralogy and weathering compared to the bulk of the forest soil. Examination of rhizosphere and rhizoplane soils revealed that mineral grains within these zones are affected mechanically, chemically and mineralogically by the invading root bodies. In SEM/EDS analyses, phyllosilicate grains adjacent to roots commonly aligned with their long axis tangential to the root surface. Numerous mineral grains were also observed for which the edge abutting a root surface was significantly more fractured than the rest of the grain. Both the alignment and fracturing of mineral grains by growing roots may influence pedogenic processes within the rhizosphere by exposing more mineral surface to weathering in the root-zone microenvironment. Chemical interactions between roots and rhizosphere minerals included precipitation of amorphous aluminium oxides, opaline and amorphous silica, and calcium oxalate within the cells of mature roots and possible preferential dissolution of mineral grains adjacent to root bodies. Mineralogical analyses using X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques indicated that kaolin minerals in some rhizosphere samples had a higher thermal stability than kaolin in the surrounding bulk forest soil. In addition, XRD analyses of clay minerals from one of the southeastern sites showed abundant muscovite in rhizoplane soil adhering to root surfaces whereas both muscovite and degraded mica were present in the immediately surrounding rhizosphere soil. This difference in mineral assemblages may be due to either K-enrichment in rhizoplane soil solutions or the preferential dissolution of biotite at the root-soil interface
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  • 48
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    Mineralogy and petrology 41 (1989), S. 41-52 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Keywords: Biotite ; iron oxidation ; pyrolysis chromatography ; chemical analysis ; mineralogy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des méthodes chimiques et pyrolitiques ont été utilisées pour l'étude des rapports Fe+2/Fe+3 et de la réaction de la déhydroxilation en biotites synthétiques. On a trouvé pour les biotites avec Fe/(Fe + Mg) de 20-70 mole % que le degré d'oxidation décroît à partir de 26 jusqu'à 16% pendent que le contenu du fer s'accroît. Sur la base de la quantité d'eau et hydrogène liberée pendant la pyrolyse, on infère que la déprotonisation est une réaction dominante à températures basses (T = 600°C), mais quand la température s'accroît, la déprotonisation est accopagnée de la déhydratation. Dépendant de la composition il y a une déhydroxilation complète à T = 900°C, et la quantité de l'eau mesurée correspond au degré d'oxidation du fer dans les specimens initials. Les résultats de cette étude infuencent la détermination des conditions de formation des roches contenantes biotite et aussi l'amélioration des techniques de la détermination du fer de valences différentes et de l'eau.
    Notes: Summary Chemical analytical and pyrolytical methods have been used to study the Fe+2/Fe+3 ratios and dehydroxylation reactions in synthetic biotites. It has been found for the biotites with Fe/(Fe + Mg) of 20 to 70 mole % that the oxidation degree decreases from 26 to 16% with increasing iron. Based on the measured amounts of water and hydrogen released during pyrolysis it is inferred that the deprotonization is a dominant reaction at low temperatures (T ⩽ 600°C), accompanied by dehydration as the temperature increases. Depending on the composition, a complete dehydroxylation takes place at T ⩾ 900 °C, and the measured amount of water corresponds to the iron oxidation degree in the starting samples. The results of this study have important implications with respect to determination of the formation conditions of biotite-bearing rocks, and also for improvement of the techniques for determination of different valence of iron and water.
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  • 49
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    Mineralogy and petrology 41 (1989), S. 53-63 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Keywords: Tantalum ; niobium ; tantalite ; tapiolite ; mineralogy ; geochemistry ; pegmatite ; Ostalpen ; Austria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einem Pegmatit von Spittal a.d. Drau, Kärnten, treten enge Verwachsungen von Ferrotantalit und Ferrotapiolit auf. Diese werden von Muskovit, Albit, Rauchquarz, Zinnstein sowie-in mikroskopischem Masstab-von Uranmikrolith und Zirkon begleitet. Die Textur der Verwachsungen lässt Rekristallisation erheblichen Ausmasses erkennen, die die primären Merkmale weitgehend auslöscht. Weder eine gemeinsame Auskristallisation der beiden Mineralphasen noch eine Bildung durch Entmischung kann mit Sicherheit erkannt werden. Trotz einander kreuzender Verbindungslinien, die einen Hinweis auf Ungleichgewicht darstellen, zeigen die Zusammensetzungen des Ferrotantalits und des Ferrotapiolits lediglich geringe Schwankungsbreiten: Mn/(Mn + Fe) 0,08–0,11, Ta/(Ta + Nb) 0,53–0,57 für den Ferrotantalit beziehungsweise 0,01–0,04 und 0,84–0,89 für den Ferrotapiolit. Dies gilt insbesondere für den Vergleich mit Zusammensetzungen solcher Mineralphasen mit jenen von Fundarten, die primäre Verwachsungstrukturen aufweisen. Bis zu einem gewissen Ausmass ist diese homogene Zusammensetzung möglicherweise auf die Rekristallisation zurück zuführen. Diese Rekristallisation könnte auch den hohen strukturellen Ordnungsgrad der beiden Mineralphasen erklären. An anderen Fundorten zeigen diese Minerale strukturell merklich geringeren Ordnungsgrad. Intensive metamorphe überprägung, wie sie für die Pegmatite in den südlichen Ostalpen und insbesondere für jenen von Spittal typisch sind, kann wahrscheinlich als Ursache der Rekristallisationsphänomene der Ta-Nb-Sn Mineralparagenese angenommen werden.
    Notes: Summary Intimate intergrowths of ferrotantalite and ferrotapiolite occur in a pegmatite in Spittal a.d. Drau, Carinthia. They are associated with muscovite, albite, smoky quartz, cassiterite, and microscopic uranmicrolite, zircon and uraninite. An assemblage of secondary uranium minerals is also present, generated by extensive alteration and leaching of the uranmicrolite and zircon. Textures of the ferrotantalite-ferrotapiolite intergrowths suggest considerable recrystallization that obliterated most of their primary features; neither coprecipitation nor exsolution can be recognized with certainty. Despite intersecting tielines indicating disequilibrium, the ferrotantalite and ferrotapiolite compositions show very restricted ranges (Mn/(Mn + Fe) 0.08–0.11, Ta/(Ta + Nb) 0.53–0.57 for ferrotantalite, and 0.01–0.04, 0.84–0.89 for ferrotapiolite, respectively), particularly in comparison with compositions from other localities featuring primary textures. A degree of compositional equilibration could have been attained during recrystallization. This process may also explain the high level of structural order characterizing both minerals; they are considerably disordered in other localities. Extensive deformation typical of pegmatites in the southern Ostalpen in general, and specifically of the Spittal pegmatite, is probably responsible for the recrystallization phenomena in the Ta, Nb, Sn-bearing mineral assemblage.
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  • 50
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: sediments ; floods ; mineralogy ; QME*SEM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mineralogical signatures of fluvial sediments can be used to identify source areas and the degree of mixing of sediments from different fluvial and non-fluvial sources. The potential use of these signatures has not been fully realised because of uncertainties that result from mineralogical change as a result of sorting and weathering and the considerable time and expense involved in conventional optical mineral identification. A new quantitative mineral identification system QEM*SEM (Quantitative Evaluation of Materials by Scanning Electron Microscope), using an image analysis system with energy dispersive spectrometry and back scatter electron responses to identify phases, has been employed to provide rapid and economic analysis of sediments; large numbers of grains are counted with a greater statistical reliability than was previously possible. Results from a survey at the Nepean River, NSW, delineate the maximum level of flooding in an environment where clearly defined flood deposits are not evident. The results suggest the flood levels to be higher than predicted from previous studies.
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  • 51
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Keywords: Scandium ; tin ; beryllium ; mineralogy ; geochemistry ; pegmatite ; Scandium ; Zinn ; Beryllium ; Mineralogie ; Geochemie ; Pegmatit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In Tørdal durchschneiden Granit-pegmatitische Gänge eine vulkano-sedimentäre Abfolge, die über einem älteren Gneis-Basement und einem jüngeren Granit, von dem die Gänge stammen, liegt. Positive Kovariation von Scandium, Lithium, Beryllium und Zinn, die sich im Zuge eines Prospektionsprogrammes auf Zinn ergaben, deuten auf eine mögliche Anreicherung von Scandium und Zinn während des Aufstieges pegmatitischer Phasen durch die vulkano-sedimentäre Abfolge hin. Ein Scandium-reicher Ixiolit in Assoziation mit Pyrochlor und Bazzit wird beschrieben, der aus einem Clea-velandit-Amazonit-Pegmatit stammt. Der Pegmatit bildet einen Teil eines größeren Netzwerkes von granit-pegmatischen Gängen. Eine Alteration von Ixiolit zu Pyrochlor tritt als spätmagmatisch-hydrothermales Ereignis auf.
    Notes: Summary In Tørdal granite pegmatite veins cut through a volcano-sedimentary sequence which overlies an older, gneissic basement and younger granite from which they originate. Positive co-variations of scandium, lithium, beryllium and tin, which were documented through a recent prospecting program for tin, indicate a possible enrichment of scandium and tin during the passage of the pegmatitic material through the volcanic sedimentary sequence. A description is given of scandium-rich ixiolite, (Ta,Nb,Sc,Sn,Fe,Mn,Ti)2O4 in association with pyrochlore, (Ca,Sc,Y,Sn,U)2(Ta,Nb,Ti)2O6(O,OH,F) and bazzite, Be3Sc2Si6O18 from a cleavelandite-amazonite pegmatite occurring as a part of a larger network of granitic pegmatite veins. Alteration from ixiolite to pyrochlore appears as a late magmatic-hydrothermal event.
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    Biogeochemistry 6 (1988), S. 181-199 
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: variable charge ; permanent charge ; phosphorus sorption ; PZC ; soil organic matter ; pH ; cation exchange capacity ; CEC ; anion exchange capacity ; AEC ; desilication ; mineralogy ; nitrification ; soil taxonomy ; landscape
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Variable-charge (v-c) and permanent-charge (p-c) soils differ fundamentally with regard to many nutrient-cycling processes. Variable-charge soils are more common in the tropics than in temperature zones because their formation requires desilication, which proceeds fastest in warm, moist climates. The dynamics of nutrient mobility tend to be more complex in v-c than in p-c soils. For example, theory predicts that, as pH of v-c soils decreases, cation exchange capacity (CEC) also decreases and anion exchange capacity (AEC) increases. If AEC exceeds CEC, cations such as ammonium and potassium will be more mobile than anions such as nitrate; this is the reverse of the situation in p-c soils, on which most of our knowledge of nutrient cycling is based. Variable-charge surfaces sorb phosphorus, creating plant nutritional problems throughout large areas of the humid tropics. Desilication, the same process that creates v-c surfaces, results also in stable aggregation, creating soils that retain water, yet drain rapidly and resist erosion. The Soil Taxonomy system incorporates information on mineralogy, texture, and organic matter content, and therefore provides insights into patterns of charge chemistry and nutrient cycling across a wide range of soil types.
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    Mathematical geology 12 (1980), S. 267-277 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: feldspar ; twinning ; mineralogy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The lamella-width distribution of the transformation polysynthetic twins produced in volcanic anorthoclases during cooling reflects certain aspects of twin nucleation and growth kinetics. An analysis of simple hypothetical statistical models for the kinetics of the transformation process outlines the range and type of twin-width distributions possible. The general characteristics of these distributions, particularly at small twin widths, are sensitive to whether twin boundaries or twin centers nucleate. The rates of twin nucleation and growth during transformation also influence the general form, particularly the skewness, of the final twin-width distribution. The generally exponential nature of the upper tails to the distributions studied is apparently quite insensitive to kinetic details.
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    Mathematical geology 4 (1972), S. 317-330 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: linear correlation ; mapping ; trend analysis ; general geology ; mineralogy ; petrology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract It is well known among geologists that closure of an open-number system, as when stratigraphic rock thicknesses are converted to percentages, introduces correlations among the components even in the absence of correlations in the open system. In closed three-component systems the covariances are single-valued functions of the closed variances and are exactly predictable. If the open system has “inherent” correlation (point correlations) among its components the corresponding closed covariances reflect their presence in a predictable manner. If areal trends are present in the open system, the open covariances are themselves affected, but this “trend effect” can be completely removed to recover the initial point correlations among the components. Areal trends in open systems strongly influence the structure of the closed variance-covariance matrices, and the situation becomes increasingly complicated if the open system has both point correlations and areal trends. The paper considers the problems involved, and includes Monte Carlo runs to compare computed and predicted variances and covariances as data sets are followed from open systems with correlation but no trend to the closed equivalent of open systems with point correlations and trends.
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    Mathematical geology 4 (1972), S. 277-290 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: trend analysis ; mineralogy ; oceanography ; sedimentology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The mineralogy of the 0.062–0.125 and 0.125–0.25 mm fractions of 58 selected samples from a set of 78 samples collected at a spacing of 1–2 km in the inner shelf of Mangalore were studied. Trend-surface analysis of distribution of the heavy minerals, hornblende, muscovite, garnet, and sillimanite, were made to determine the various factors controlling the mineral-distribution patterns in the area. Parts of the area showing contrasting environments were analyzed separately to determine the relationship of the regional and local trends and the various factors controlling the trends. The linear, quadratic and cubic trends for hornblende, garnet, and sillimanite were controlled by the source, westerly river flow and southerly currents; for mica, the response to processes has been the main factor. The mineral distribution in this area is mainly the result of dynamic interaction of process and response elements and a process-response model is suggested.
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    Mathematical geology 4 (1972), S. 35-43 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: data processing ; sampling ; statistics ; mineralogy ; petrology ; sedimentology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Operator error in petrographic point-count analysis introduces bias into the estimates of proportion in a thin section. A correction for this bias, leading to an unbiased estimator of the true proportion in that thin section, is here proposed. Operator error also affects the confidence interval, and in this situation, too, an adjustment is possible. The approach proposed requires that the probabilities associated with operator error, categorized into A-type and B-type errors, are known or assumed. The A-type operator error tends to underestimate the true proportion in a thin section, whereas the B-type operator error tends to overestimate it.
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    Mathematical geology 3 (1971), S. 51-60 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: entropy ; principal components analysis ; geochemistry ; mineralogy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Classification of sandstones, greywackes, pelites, limestones, dolomites, and acid-igneous and basicigneous rocks, using a literature sample of 183 post-1920 analyses for the 11 major oxides has achieved an 80-percent success rate. The method is based on nonparametric estimation of a probability density function for each category to be classified, using the Bayes decision rule. The method is suitable for use with small training sets and gives much improved results over a linear discriminant function. Classification following data compression using principal components also has given satisfactory recognition rates.
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    Mathematical geology 3 (1971), S. 15-41 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: modal analysis ; sampling ; statistics ; mineralogy ; petrology ; sedimentology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The binomial model, commonly used to estimate counting error in point-count analysis, misestimates this error when the observation points on a grid are positively or negatively correlated. A model, called the “cell model,” is proposed as an alternative to the binomial model for use in studies, especially with coarse-grained rocks, in which such correlation is known or thought to exist. In the new model the thin section is conceptually partitioned into a number of cells (six is recommended), and the assumption is made that the proportions in the individual cells are statistically independent and that their variance does not differ from cell to cell. Empirical relations obtained from a suite of 200 thin sections of limestones are in reasonable support of the prediction that large particle size adversely affects counting error estimates based on the binomial model.
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    Mathematical geology 3 (1971), S. 123-133 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: cluster analysis ; distance functions ; mineralogy ; petrology ; structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The weight-percent values of four mineralogic variables (quartz, K feldspar, color index, and muscovite) for 10 sets of granitic rocks (20–50 samples in each set) from magmatic units of the Singhbhum granite were used for (1) computation of the Mahalanobis' generalized distance functions (D 2) between all pairs of the 10 sets, (2) testing significance of the difference between the multivariate means, and (3) computation of the linear discriminant functions between all possible pairs of the sets. The 10 data sets are for six magmatic units which belong to three successive but closely related phases of emplacement. The multivariate means for all sets are significantly different except for those between two of the sets of phase I. Cluster analysis on the basis of theD 2 values enables the 10 sets to be placed into four distinct groups. Group A includes two subgroups, one of which consists of two sets representing typical members of phase I; the other subgroup includes two sets which are typical of phase II. Group B includes two sets which are typical of phase III. The other four sets do not group with the typical representatives of the three phases, probably because of certain special conditions of their emplacement. A separate series ofD 2 computation from the same data, but excluding the color index, was unsuccessful in making the four aberrant sets group with the typical members of the respective phases. Efficient LDF's could be determined for discrimination between most pairs of the 10 sets of granite rocks.
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    Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences
    Online: (1).2010 –
    Print: 1.1961 – (Location: A43, LZ 1-2 Unten)
    Formerly as: Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovanij  (1961–2009)
    Publisher: Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences
    Corporation: Rossijskaya Akademiya Nauk / Institut Geografii / Glyatsiologicheskaya Assotsiatsiya = Russian Academy of Sciences / Institute of Geography / Association of Glaciological Studies
    Description: The journal “Ice and Snow” is a professional academic periodical publication in the field of glaciology and cryology of the Earth. It continues the series «Data of Glaciological Studies» that was established in 1961 by the USSR Academy of Sciences. Its themes cover all branches of glaciology including studies of the atmospheric ice, snow cover and avalanches, mountain glaciers and polar ice sheets, sea, river, lake and underground ices, glacial flows (torrents) and icings as well as past glaciations on the Earth and possible cooling in future. Its scope also includes the applied topics: processes of icing, snow storms and drifts, movements of surging glaciers and glacier floods, like the known catastrophe of 2002 on the Caucasus Kolka Glacier.
    Print ISSN: 2076-6734
    Electronic ISSN: 2412-3765
    Topics: Geosciences
    Keywords: Glaziologie ; Eisforschung ; Schneeforschung
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    Innsbruck : Universitätsverlag Wagner
    Print: 25.1989 – 47/48.2013/2014 (Location: A43, LZ 19 Oben)
    Formerly as: Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde, für Eiszeitforschung und Geschichte des Klimas  (1906–1942)
    Publisher: Innsbruck : Universitätsverlag Wagner
    Print ISSN: 0044-2836
    Topics: Geosciences
    Keywords: Gletscherkunde ; Glazialgeologie ; Glaziologie ; Gletscher
    Acronym: ZGG
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    Iceland Glaciological Society
    Online: 1.1951 – 20.1970
    Publisher: Iceland Glaciological Society
    Corporation: Glaciological Society of Iceland 〈Reykjavík, Iceland〉
    Print ISSN: 0449-0576
    Topics: Geosciences
    Keywords: Glaziologie ; Gletscherforschung
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    Cambridge University Press
    Print: 1.1990 – 26.2015 (Location: A43, Regal 14 Mitte)
    Formerly as: Recent Polar and Glaciological Literature / Scott Polar Research Institute  (1981–1989)
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press
    Corporation: Scott Polar Research Institute 〈Cambridge〉
    Print ISSN: 0957-5073
    Topics: Geosciences
    Keywords: Polarforschung ; Glaziologie
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    Moskva : Izdatel'stvo Nauka
    Print: 4.1960 – 27.1985 (Location: A43, LZ 18 Mitte)
    Formerly as: Rezul'taty issledovanij po mezdunarodnym geofiziceskim proektam / Gljaciologija ; Rezul'taty issledovanij po mezdunarodnym geofiziceskim proektam / Gljaciologija i sejsmologija  (1959–1973)
    Publisher: Moskva : Izdatel'stvo Nauka
    Topics: Geosciences
    Keywords: Glaziologie
    Parallel titles: Results of Researches on the International Geophysical Projects / Glaciological Research
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    Springer | Clay Minerals Society | GeoScienceWorld
    Online: 45.1997 –
    Online: 45.1997 –
    Formerly as: Clays and Clay Technology  (1952–1952)
    Publisher: Springer , Clay Minerals Society , GeoScienceWorld
    Corporation: Clay Minerals Society , National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals , National Academy of Sciences 〈Washington, DC〉
    Print ISSN: 0009-8604
    Electronic ISSN: 1552-8367
    Topics: Geosciences
    Keywords: mineralogy
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    Mineralogical Association of Canada (MAC) | GeoScienceWorld
    Online: 6.1957 – (GFZ only)
    Print: 14.1976 – 46.2008 (Location: A17, Kompaktmagazin, 13/3-4)
    Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada (MAC) , GeoScienceWorld
    Print ISSN: 0008-4476
    Electronic ISSN: 1499-1261 , 1499-1276
    Topics: Geosciences
    Keywords: GeoScienceWorld ; mineralogy
    Parallel titles: The Canadian Mineralogist
    Acronym: CM
    Abbreviation: Can Mineral
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    Cambridge University Press; Mineralogical Society of Great Britain & Ireland | GeoScienceWorld
    Online: 53.2018 –
    Print: 34.1999 – 42.2007 (Location: A17, Kompaktmagazin, 75/2)
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press; Mineralogical Society of Great Britain & Ireland , GeoScienceWorld
    Print ISSN: 0009-8558
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8030
    Topics: Geosciences
    Keywords: GeoScienceWorld ; mineralogy
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    World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS)
    Online: 1.2012 –
    Print: 1.2012 – (Location: A17, Kompaktmagazin, 32/6)
    Formerly as: Fluctuations of Glaciers ; Glacier Mass Balance Bulletin  (1959–2011)
    Publisher: World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS)
    Topics: Geosciences
    Keywords: Glaziologie
    Acronym: GGCB
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    Zhongguo Dili Xuehui
    Online: 1.1979 –
    Print: 24.2002 – 40.2018 (Location: A43, AWI LZ 12 Unten)
    Publisher: Zhongguo Dili Xuehui
    Print ISSN: 1000-0240
    Topics: Biology , Geography , Geosciences
    Keywords: China ; Glaziologie ; Dauerfrostgebiet ; Permafrost
    Parallel titles: Bingchuan-dongtu
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    Akademija Nauk SSSR
    Print: 1968 – 1994 (Location: A18, 5/3)
    Publisher: Akademija Nauk SSSR
    Print ISSN: 0044-1805
    Topics: Geosciences
    Keywords: Mineralogie ; mineralogy
    Parallel titles: Zapiski Vsesoi︠u︡znogo mineralogicheskogo obshchestva
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    De Gruyter | Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) | GeoScienceWorld
    Online: 1.1916 – (GFZ only)
    Print: 36.1951 – 93.2008 (Location: A17, Kompaktmagazin, 4/4 - 5/1)
    Publisher: De Gruyter , Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) , GeoScienceWorld
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Keywords: GeoScienceWorld ; mineralogy
    Acronym: Ammin
    Abbreviation: Am Mineral
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    Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) | Geochemical Society | GeoScienceWorld
    Online: 39.2000 – (GFZ only)
    Print: 2.1983 – 69.2008 (Location: A17, Lesesaal, 11)
    Formerly as: Reviews in Mineralogy  (1980–1999)
    Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) , Geochemical Society , GeoScienceWorld
    Print ISSN: 1529-6466
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2666
    Topics: Geosciences
    Keywords: GeoScienceWorld ; mineralogy ; geochemistry
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    Cambridge University Press; Mineralogical Society of Great Britain & Ireland | GeoScienceWorld | formerly de Gruyter
    Online: 61(285).1997 –
    Print: 33.1964 – 71.2007 (Location: A17, Kompaktmagazin, 47/5-7)
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press; Mineralogical Society of Great Britain & Ireland , GeoScienceWorld , formerly de Gruyter
    Corporation: Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
    Print ISSN: 0026-461X
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8022
    Topics: Geosciences
    Keywords: GeoScienceWorld ; mineralogy
    Acronym: MinMag
    Abbreviation: Mineral Mag
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    Terrigenia
    Online: 1.2007 – 6.2013
    Publisher: Terrigenia
    Description: Geochemie a mineralogie („Geochemistry and mineralogy“) is an electronic journal which publishes original articles as well as reviews; the latter, however, must bring substantial amount of new information gained from the summarized data.
    Electronic ISSN: 1802-9604
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Keywords: Geochemie ; Mineralogie ; Tschechische Republik ; geochemistry ; mineralogy ; Czech Republic
    Parallel titles: Geochemistry and Mineralogy
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    World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS)
    Online: 1.1988 – 12.2011
    Continued as: Global Glacier Change Bulletin  (2012–)
    Publisher: World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS)
    Print ISSN: 1997-9088
    Electronic ISSN: 1997-9096
    Topics: Geosciences
    Keywords: Glaziologie
    Acronym: GMBB
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    Schweizerbart Science Publishers | GeoScienceWorld
    Online: 1.1989 – 31.2019 (GFZ only)
    Print: 1.1989 – 24(3).2012 (Location: A17, Kompaktmagazin, 23/1-2)
    Print: 1.1989 – 24(6).2012 (Location: A43, Archiv Regal 17)
    Formerly as: Fortschritte der Mineralogie  (1947–1988)
    Publisher: Schweizerbart Science Publishers , GeoScienceWorld
    Corporation: Deutsche Mineralogische Gesellschaft, DMG , Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia , Société Française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie , European Mineralogical Union
    Print ISSN: 0935-1221
    Electronic ISSN: 1617-4011
    Topics: Geosciences
    Keywords: GeoScienceWorld ; mineralogy
    Acronym: EJM
    Abbreviation: Eur J Mineral
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    World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS)
    Online: 1.1959 – 10.2010
    Continued as: Global Glacier Change Bulletin  (2012–)
    Publisher: World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS)
    Print ISSN: 1997-910X
    Electronic ISSN: 1997-9118
    Topics: Geosciences
    Keywords: Glaziologie
    Acronym: FoG
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    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Micron (1969) 13 (1982), S. 49-53 
    ISSN: 0047-7206
    Keywords: Electron diffraction ; mineralogy
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General
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