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  • Organic Chemistry  (68,964)
  • Engineering  (12,632)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The finite element implementation of a lamina-based elastic constitutive relation appropriate for describing the three-dimensional (3-D) behaviour of fibre composite laminated media is presented. Unconstrained by the two-dimensional restrictions accompanying plate and shell theories, this approach resolves the macro 3-D deformation fields found in 'thick' laminated or filament wound composites without requiring each lamina to be individually discretized to assign material properties. In rectangular isoparametric solid elements where laminae locally parallel an element 'face', the implementation represents 'exactly' the elastic laminate behaviour by replacing the discrete lamina stiffnesses with continuous polynomial moduli functions. Attributable directly to the lamina constitutive relationship used, appropriate for fibre-dominated material systems, the implementation automatically preserves interlaminar continuity of tractions and displacements within each element for laminates assembled from a single lamina type. The order of the effective moduli functions is determined by the element kinematics and by requiring identical net mid-surface elemental forces and moments. In general, this representation substantially reduces the number of stored variables and through-thickness integrations required, and allows 'exact' integration by higher-order Gaussian quadrature. Additionally a single element may span any portion or number of laminae, thus allowing nearly arbitrary meshing and solution resolution. Several numerical examples using 3-D 8-node isoparametric solid elements demonstrate the approach's convergence and overall behaviour.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1101-1109 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An incomplete factorization iterative scheme with ORTHOMIN acceleration is evaluated for three-dimensional finite element applications. Both heat conduction and combined heat and fluid flow are investigated. Computational efficiency is investigated for both linear (8 node) and quadratic (27 node) elements as well as for various degrees of LU Decomposition. The factorization schemes worked well with both types of elements, and a variable factorization scheme, which distributes the level of factorization, performed well on difficult heat and fluid flow problems.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 7 (1983), S. 75-86 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Two finite element algorithms suitable for long term simulation of geothermal reservoirs are presented. Both methods use a diagonal mass matrix and a Newton iteration scheme. The first scheme solves the 2N unsymmetric algebraic equations resulting from the finite element discretization of the equations governing the flow of heat and mass in porous media by using a banded equation solver. The second method, suitable for problems in which the transmissibility terms are small compared to the accumulation terms, reduces the set of N equations for the Newton corrections to a symmetric system. Comparison with finite difference schemes indicates that the proposed algorithms are competitive with existing methods.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 3 (1979), S. 355-366 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Two finite difference algorithms suitable for long-time simulation of the exploitation of a two-phase geothermal reservoir are presented. One is based on the hopscotch method proposed by Saul'yev1 and analysed further by Gordon2 and Gourlay.3 The other is based on the well-known ADI method. Both methods use a Newton-Raphson iterative technique in order to obtain accurate solutions of the non-linear difference equations involved. Rapid convergence of the iterative schemes occurs both for single-phase and two-phase reservoir problems. One- and two-dimensional model problems are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 2 (1978), S. 87-93 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39 (1996), S. 3065-3082 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: biomechanics ; damage ; finite element method ; plasticity ; standard generalized material ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Motivated by mechanical analysis of cancellous bone, a 3D constitutive law describing the simultaneous flow of rate-independent plasticity and damage is developed in the framework of thermodynamics of irreversible processes with internal variables. Following the hypothesis of standard generalized materials, a free energy and a dissipation potential are postulated and the associated flow rules derived with the tools of convex analysis. On the computational side, the classical implicit projection (or catching up) algorithm used in plasticity is extended to account for the additional flow of damage. Due to the existence of a dissipation potential, linearization of the incremental algorithm provides a symmetric tangent operator. Numerical resolutions of several boundary value problems and a biomechanical application are presented to illustrate the potential of the constitutive model and demonstrate the quadratic convergence of the algorithm.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 699 (1966), S. 98-106 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vom Chinolin ausgehend werden Chinolin-carbaldehyd-(3) und einige seiner Substitutionsprodukte synthetisiert. Die Aldehyde dienen zur Darstellung pharmazeutisch interessanter Chinolinderivate.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 728 (1969), S. 144-151 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Absolute Configuration of I+)- and {-)-2-Amino-tetralin and of the four Isomeric 2-Amino-tetralols- ( I )Maintaining its configuration, L-(+)-aspartic acid is converted to (-)-(2S)-2-amino-tetralin, and its absolute configuration thus determined. The hydrogenolysis of three of the four isomeric 2-amino-tetralols-(1) 7a, 7b, and 7c with Pd led to the optically pure (+)- and (-)-2-amino-tetralins (6a and 6b), which allows one to make a definite statement regarding the steric structure of the levo- and dextrorotatory cis- and trans-2-amino-tetralols-(1). It could be shown that, contrary to previous assumptions, based on CD-spectra, (+)-(1S, 2R)-2-amino-tetralol-(1) (7c) does not have the same absolute configuration as L-(-)-ephedrine, with the absolute configuration (1R, 2S). Therefore for arylaminoethanols, it is not possible to correlate the open-chained and cyclic compounds to one another by means of the CD-spectraalone.
    Notes: 1.-(+)-Asparaginsäure wird unter Erhaltung ihrer Konfiguration in (-)-(2S)-2-Amino-tetralin umgewandelt und damit dessen absolute Konfiguration festgelegt. Durch Hydrogenolyse von drei der vier isomeren 2-Amino-tetralole-(1) 7a, 7b, 7c mit Palladium werden (+)- und (-)-2-Amino-tetralin (6a und 6b) optisch rein erhalten, was Rückschlüsse auf die räumliche Struktur der links- und rechtsdrehenden cis- und trans-2-Amino-tetralole-(1) zuläßt. Es zeigt sich, daß entgegen früheren Annahmen, denen circulardichroitische Messungen zu Grunde lagen, (+)-(1S, 2R)-2-Amino-tetralol-(1) (7c) nicht dieselbe absolute Konfiguration besitzt wie L-(-)-Ephedrin mit der absoluten Konfiguration (1R, 2S). Es ist daher bei Arylaminoäthanolen nicht möglich, ohne weiteres durch CD-Spektren offenkettige und cyclische Verbindungen einander zuzuordnen.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 43 (1998), S. 733-753 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: extrapolation ; series ; sequences ; binomial power series ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The problem of extrapolation based just on a few initial terms of a sequence or series is discussed. Possible regularity of the extrapolation formula is postulated. Binomial power series is regarded as sufficiently regular and several extrapolation formulae using 3, 4, or 5 initial terms and based on binomial power series are derived. They are called the ‘bs-extrapolation formulae’ and compared to other extrapolation algorithms. Good accuracy in many particular cases is stated. Three examples of applications in mechanics are quoted: they consider consecutive FEM-solutions, postbuckling behaviour of an Euler column and optimal plastic design of a plane T-head. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 324 (1982), S. 964-972 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Investigations on the Thermal Decomposition of n-Dodecylcyclopentane in the Gas PhaseIn the thermal decomposition of n-dodecylcyclopentane at 670 and 750°C in a laboratory tubular reactor mixtures of hydrogen and 57 and 113 hydrocarbons respectively are formed. The mixtures have been analyzed and identified by capillary gas chromatography and by mass spectrometry. The distribution of the reaction products is used for mechanistic discussions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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