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  • Humans  (26,754)
  • Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
  • optimization
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  • 1
    Keywords: (GIS) ; Abfrageoptimierung ; Constraint Databases ; Constraint Datenbanken ; Constraint Processing ; Constraint-Verarbeitung ; Geographic Information Systems ; Geoinformationssysteme ; Indexierungstechniken ; Indexing Techniques ; Query Optimization ; database ; optimization ; programming
    Description / Table of Contents: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the ESPRIT Working Group CONTESSA Workshop on Constraint Databases and Applications, held in Friedrichshafen, Germany in September 1995. The 10 full revised papers selected for inclusion in this volume are written by and for practitioners, researchers, and application users of core constraint database technology; they can be classified in three sections on expressiveness of the various constraint database models; implementation and optimization issues in areas like spatial databases, geographic information systems, scheduling and routing. This book is the first to focus on the extension of the important new programming paradigm of constraint processing to database design and management.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 192 pages)
    ISBN: 9783540494560
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This book reprints articles from the Special Issue "Advances in Computer-Aided Technology" published online in the open-access journal Machines (ISSN 2075-1702). This book consists of thirteen published articles. This Special Issue belongs to the "Mechatronic and Intelligent Machines" section. Industry 4.0 is characterized by the integration of advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and cloud computing, into traditional manufacturing and production processes. CAx (Computer-Aided Systems) systems are a set of computer software tools used in engineering and product design, covering various stages of the product development cycle. Advanced CAx tools combine many different aspects of product lifecycle management (PLM), including design, finite element analysis (FEA), manufacturing, production planning and product. In connection with the transition to Industry 4.0 concepts, the concept of the digital twin comes to the fore, and existing CAx systems must adapt to this trend. The Special Issue deals with a number of research areas, such as: - New trends in CAx systems; Digital manufacturing; Internet of Things in manufacturing; Simulation of production systems and processes; Systems for advanced finite element analysis; Material engineering; Digitization and 3D scanning.
    Keywords: tensor glyph ; golden section ; vector space ; sandwich ; springback ; Vegter yield criterion ; numerical simulation ; PAM-STAMP 2G ; isotropic hardening law ; kinematic hardening law ; bending ; Bauschinger effect ; machine learning ; artificial neural network ; additive manufacturing ; high precision metrology ; CAD ; predictive model ; ship hull structure ; computer-aided design of structure ; database ; function soft block ; gun drill tool ; deep-drilling technology ; optimization ; tool life ; angle ; digital implant impression ; interimplant distance ; intraoral scanner ; trueness ; sewing machine ; needle bar ; floating needle ; electromagnet ; electromagnetic simulation ; noise reduction ; cycloidal gearbox ; friction ; actuator ; servomotor ; permanent magnet synchronous machine ; fixture design ; machining ; sustainable manufacturing ; process innovation ; complex-shape part ; signal processing ; monitoring system ; laser profiler ; surface roughness ; quality assessment ; non-contact method ; vision-based method ; frequency analysis ; abrasive water jet ; wood plastic composite ; natural reinforcement ; knitting machine ; stroke ; drive ; simulation ; cylinder ; dynamic modeling ; load spectrum reconstruction ; fatigue test ; hydraulic excavator ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Special Issue “Assessment and Nonlinear Modeling of Wave, Tidal, and Wind Energy Converters and Turbines” contributes original research to stimulate the continuing progress of the offshore renewable energy (ORE) field, with a focus on state-of-the-art numerical approaches developed for the design and analysis of ORE devices. Particularly, this collection provides new methodologies, analytical/numerical tools, and theoretical methods that deal with engineering problems in the ORE field of wave, wind, and current structures. This Special Issue covers a wide range of multidisciplinary aspects, such as the 1) study of generalized interaction wake model systems with elm variation for offshore wind farms; 2) a flower pollination method based on global maximum power point tracking strategy for point-absorbing type wave energy converters; 3) performance optimization of a Kirsten–Boeing turbine using a metamodel based on neural networks coupled with CFD; 4) proposal of a novel semi-submersible floating wind turbine platform composed of inclined columns and multi-segmented mooring lines; 5) reduction of tower fatigue through blade back twist and active pitch-to-stall control strategy for a semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine; 6) assessment of primary energy conversion of a closed-circuit OWC wave energy converter; 7) development and validation of a wave-to-wire model for two types of OWC wave energy converters; 8) assessment of a hydrokinetic energy converter based on vortex-induced angular oscillations of a cylinder; 9) application of wave-turbulence decomposition methods on a tidal energy site assessment; 10) parametric study for an oscillating water column wave energy conversion system installed on a breakwater; 11) optimal dimensions of a semisubmersible floating platform for a 10 MW wind turbine; 12) fatigue life assessment for power cables floating in offshore wind turbines.
    Keywords: off-shore wind farms (OSWFs) ; wake model ; wind turbine (WT) ; Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) ; wind power (WP) ; large-eddy simulation (LES) ; point-absorbing ; wave energy converter (WEC) ; maximum power point tracking (MPPT) ; flower pollination algorithm (FPA) ; power take-off (PTO) ; hill-climbing method ; Kirsten–Boeing ; vertical axis turbine ; optimization ; neural nets ; Tensorflow ; ANSYS CFX ; metamodeling ; FOWT ; multi-segmented mooring line ; inclined columns ; semi-submersible ; AFWT ; floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) ; pitch-to-stall ; blade back twist ; tower fore–aft moments ; negative damping ; blade flapwise moment ; tower axial fatigue life ; wave energy ; oscillating water column ; tank testing ; valves ; air compressibility ; air turbine ; wave-to-wire model ; energy harnessing ; energy converter ; flow-induced oscillations ; vortex-induced vibration ; flow–structure interaction ; hydrodynamics ; vortex shedding ; cylinder wake ; tidal energy ; site assessment ; wave-current interaction ; turbulence ; integral length scales ; wave-turbulence decomposition ; OWC ; wave power converting system ; parametric study ; caisson breakwater application ; floating offshore wind turbines ; frequency domain model ; semisubmersible platform ; 10 MW wind turbines ; large floating platform ; platform optimization ; wind energy ; floating offshore wind turbine ; dynamic analysis ; fatigue life assessment ; flexible power cables ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-03-07
    Description: The thalassemia syndromes are a diverse group of hereditary anemias caused by decreased or absent production of one type of globin chain. Genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis, and newborn screening are all issues of importance in these inherited disorders. This book provides a comprehensive overview of thalassemia, including information on its mechanisms and treatment modalities. Chapters elucidate the mechanism of disordered synthesis of hemoglobin in thalassemia and present recent studies of the genetic mechanisms that underlie this abnormal biosynthetic process.
    Keywords: covid-19 ; optimization ; mortality ; anemia ; coronavirus ; phenotype ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJF Haematology
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Today, the flow of electricity is bidirectional, and not all electricity is centrally produced in large power plants. With the growing emergence of prosumers and microgrids, the amount of electricity produced by sources other than large, traditional power plants is ever-increasing. These alternative sources include photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), geothermal, and biomass renewable generation plants. Some renewable energy resources (solar PV and wind turbine generation) are highly dependent on natural processes and parameters (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, solar irradiation, humidity, etc.). Thus, the outputs are so stochastic in nature. New data-science-inspired real-time solutions are needed in order to co-develop digital twins of large intermittent renewable plants whose services can be globally delivered.
    Keywords: self-healing grid ; machine-learning ; feature extraction ; event detection ; optimization techniques ; manta ray foraging optimization algorithm ; multi-objective function ; radial networks ; optimal power flow ; automatic P2P energy trading ; Markov decision process ; deep reinforcement learning ; deep Q-network ; long short-term delayed reward ; inter-area oscillations ; modal analysis ; reduced order modeling ; dynamic mode decomposition ; machine learning ; artificial neural networks ; steady-state security assessment ; situation awareness ; cellular computational networks ; load flow prediction ; contingency ; fuzzy system ; change detection ; data analytics ; data mining ; filtering ; optimization ; power quality ; signal processing ; total variation smoothing ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Numerical simulation is a powerful tool used in various fields of science and engineering to model complex systems and predict their behavior. It involves developing mathematical models that describe the behavior of a system and using computer algorithms to solve these models numerically. By doing so, researchers and engineers can study the behavior of a system in detail, which may only be possible with analytical methods. Numerical simulation has many advantages over traditional analytical methods. It allows researchers and engineers to study complex systems’ behavior in detail and predict their behavior in different scenarios. It also allows for the optimization of systems and the identification of design flaws before they are built. However, numerical simulation has its limitations. It requires significant computational resources, and the accuracy of the results depends on the quality of the mathematical models and the discretization methods used. Nevertheless, numerical simulation remains a valuable tool in many fields and its importance is likely to grow as computational resources become more powerful and widely available. Numerical simulation is widely used in physics, engineering, computer science, and mathematics. In physics, for example, numerical simulation is used to study the behavior of complex systems such as weather patterns, fluid dynamics, and particle interactions. In engineering, it is used to design and optimize systems such as aircraft, cars, and buildings. In computer science, numerical simulation models and optimization algorithms and data structures. In mathematics, it is used to study complex mathematical models and to solve complex equations. This book familiarizes readers with the practical application of the numerical simulation technique to solve complex analytical problems in different industries and sciences.
    Keywords: machine learning ; artificial intelligence ; optimization ; heat transfer ; cfd ; image processing ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBW Applied mathematics::PBWH Mathematical modelling
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Mobile robotics is a challenging field with great potential. It covers disciplines including electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science, cognitive science, and social science. It is essential to the design of automated robots, in combination with artificial intelligence, vision, and sensor technologies. Mobile robots are widely used for surveillance, guidance, transportation and entertainment tasks, as well as medical applications. This Special Issue intends to concentrate on recent developments concerning mobile robots and the research surrounding them to enhance studies on the fundamental problems observed in the robots. Various multidisciplinary approaches and integrative contributions including navigation, learning and adaptation, networked system, biologically inspired robots and cognitive methods are welcome contributions to this Special Issue, both from a research and an application perspective.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; similarity measure ; swarm-robotics ; drag-based system ; PID algorithm ; human–robot interaction ; behaviour dynamics ; state constraints ; fair optimisation ; micro mobile robot ; robot ; actuators ; high-gain observer ; turning model LIP ; space robot ; manipulation action sequences ; subgoal graphs ; remotely operated vehicle ; constrained motion ; joint limit avoidance ; curvilinear obstacle ; rehabilitation system ; stability criterion ; system design ; quad-tilt rotor ; iterative learning ; spiral curve ; cable detection ; SEA ; douglas–peuker polygonal approximation ; predictable trajectory planning ; ATEX ; obstacle avoidance system ; kinematic singularity ; collision avoidance ; biologically-inspired ; jumping robot ; differential wheeled robot ; design and modeling ; control efficacy ; robotics ; extremum-seeking ; object-oriented ; non-holonomic mobile robot ; magneto-rheological fluids ; rendezvous consensus ; altitude controller ; master-slave ; switching control ; deep reinforcement learning ; mechanism ; expansion logic strategy ; negative buoyancy ; action generation ; radial basis function neural networks ; unmanned aerial vehicles ; extend procedure ; glass façade cleaning robot ; convolutional neural network ; climbing robot ; micro air vehicle ; car-like kinematics ; variable speed ; machine learning ; dynamical model ; transportation ; geodesic ; unmanned surface vessel ; medical devices ; stopper ; extended state observer (ESO) ; high efficiency ; object mapping ; multi-objective optimization ; hybrid robot ; robot learning ; auto-tuning ; cable disturbance modeling ; manipulation planning ; pesticide application ; high-speed target ; sparse pose adjustment (SPA) ; service robot ; lumped parameter method ; Geometric Algebra ; dynamic coupling analysis ; Thau observer ; tri-tilt-rotor ; industrial robotic manipulator ; hardware-in-the-loop simulation ; robotic drilling ; muscle activities ; small size ; chameleon ; continuous hopping ; wall climbing robot ; hover mode ; 3D-SLAM ; curvature constraints ; PSO ; drilling end-effector ; Rodrigues parameters ; gait adaptation ; static environments ; position/force cooperative control ; snake-like robot ; shape-fitting ; powered exoskeleton ; input saturation ; kinematic identification ; methane ; human–machine interactive navigation ; q-learning ; path following ; hopping robot ; mobile manipulation ; high step-up ratio ; actuatorless ; monocular vision ; stability analysis ; compact driving unit ; snake robot ; non-holonomic robot ; curvature constraint ; phase-shifting ; dialytic elimination ; gesture recognition ; snake robots ; series elastic actuator ; flapping ; servo valve ; motion camouflage control ; biomimetic robot ; minimally invasive surgery robot ; centralized architecture ; trajectory planning ; computing time ; adaptive control law ; kinematics ; facial and gender recognition ; single actuator ; victim-detection ; shape memory alloys ; undiscovered sensor values ; discomfort ; Differential Evolution ; numerical evaluation ; quadruped robot ; coverage path planning ; localization ; MPC ; n/a ; fault diagnosis ; neural networks ; disturbance-rejection control ; sample gathering problem ; cart ; bio-inspired robot ; opposite angle-based exact cell decomposition ; optimization ; safety ; goal exchange ; hierarchical planning ; ocean current ; robot motion ; nonlinear differentiator ; mapping ; finite-time currents observer ; Newton iteration ; inverse kinematics ; deposition uniformity ; spatial pyramid pooling ; hierarchical path planning ; end effector ; head-raising ; fault recovery ; LOS ; path tracking ; non-inertial reference frame ; step climbing ; obstacle avoidance ; sliding mode control ; symmetrical adaptive variable impedance ; lane change ; quadcopter UAV ; singularity analysis ; biped mechanism ; fault-tolerant control ; dynamic neural networks ; mobile robots ; data association ; UAV ; enemy avoidance ; reinforcement learning ; grip optimization ; safety recovery mechanism ; exoskeleton ; dynamic environment ; uncertain environments ; hybrid bionic robot ; potential field ; robot navigation ; cleaning robot ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; non-singular fast-terminal sliding-mode control ; contact planning ; Lyapunov-like function ; piezoelectric actuator ; transition mode ; non-prehensile manipulation ; multiple mobile robots ; Tetris-inspired ; real-time action recognition ; integral line-of-sight ; topological map ; alpine ski ; target tracking ; closed-loop detection ; working efficiency ; mathematical modeling ; curve fitting ; force control ; biped robots ; NSGA-II ; mobile robot ; load carriage ; prescription map translation ; artificial fish swarm algorithm ; Q-networks ; self-reconfigurable robot ; G3-continuity ; autonomous vehicle ; loop closure detection ; excellent driver model ; robots ; graph representation ; regional growth ; target assignment ; evolutionary operators ; intelligent mobile robot ; motion sensor ; exploration ; droplets penetrability ; dynamic uncertainty ; simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) ; area decomposition ; multi-criteria decision making ; 4WS4WD vehicle ; biped climbing robots ; skiing robot ; ROS ; decision making ; smart materials ; centrifugal force ; missile control system ; formation of robots ; electro-rheological fluids ; pneumatics ; variable spray ; inertial measurement unit (IMU) ; Robot Operating System ; trajectory interpolation ; formation control ; immersion and invariance ; dragonfly ; parallel navigation ; harmonic potential field ; pallet transportation ; mobile robot navigation ; negative-buoyancy ; grip planning ; manipulator ; position control ; external disturbance ; legged robot ; passive skiing turn ; autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) ; gait cycle ; path planning ; sliding mode observer ; dynamic gait ; self-learning ; polyomino tiling theory ; coalmine ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book covers the latest development of bioprocess technology including theoretical, numerical, and experimental approaches in biotechnology as well as green technology that bridge conventional practices and Industry 4.0. Bioprocessing is one of the key factors in several emerging industries of biofuels, used in the production of biogas, bioethanol, and biodiesel; industrial enzymes; waste management through biotechnology; new vaccines; and many more. It is hoped that the novel bioprocess and green biotechnologies presented in this book are useful in assisting the global community in working towards fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the United Nations.
    Keywords: extraction ; leaf ; liquid biphasic flotation ; polygonum ; protein ; date fruits ; proximate analysis ; physico-chemical characteristics ; date sugar ; phytoconstituents ; amino acids ; biomaterials ; Ficus carica ; diabetes mellitus ; proteomics ; sperm quality ; bioeconomy ; bioprocesses ; applications ; policy ; social welfare ; sustainability ; nanofiltration ; lipase ; Fusarium heterosporum ; fatty acid methyl ester ; electronics package ; induction heating ; magnetic field ; electric field ; TM110 single-mode cavity ; solder ; eddy current ; GABA ; fermented food ; functional food ; non-protein amino acid ; soy sauce fermentation ; lignocellulosic biomass ; holocellulose ; CMC ; degree of substitution ; excipient ; non-edible ; oil ; biodiesel production ; fuel ; Lactobacillus isolation ; lag phase ; bacteria sequencing ; breast milk ; chitosan ; co-loaded nanoparticles ; hydrophobic modification ; l-ascorbic acid ; thymoquinone ; sustainable supply chain management (SSSCM) ; social sustainability ; qualitative research ; Pakistan ; biohydrogen production ; immobilised cells ; entrapment ; alginate ; activated carbon ; carbon dioxide ; culture media ; microorganism ; optimization ; plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ; oil palm seedlings nursery ; biofertilizers ; chemical fertilizer ; n/a ; sago hampas ; amylase ; cellulase ; substrate feeding ; saccharification ; biomass ; waste cooking oil ; green fuel ; biodiesel ; heterogeneous catalyst ; deoxygenation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The Special Issue “Demand Response in Smart Grids” includes 11 papers on a variety of topics. The success of this Special Issue demonstrates the relevance of demand response programs and events in the operation of power and energy systems at both the distribution level and at the wide power system level. This reprint addresses the design, implementation, and operation of demand response programs, with focus on methods and techniques to achieve an optimized operation as well as on the electricity consumer.
    Keywords: demand response ; population evolution ; irrational behavior ; Markov state ; non-cooperative game ; solid electric thermal storage ; cyber–physical model ; K-means ; support vector machine ; neural network ; data analysis ; demand response (DR), load profile clustering ; k-means ; targeting of customer ; aggregator ; ramp period ; real-time simulation ; multi-objective optimization ; social welfare metrics ; energy allocation ; load disaggregation ; percentage total harmonic distortion and non-intrusive identification of load pattern ; charging strategy ; optimization ; electricity pricing ; electric vehicle ; flexibility ; flexibility market ; home energy management system ; energy flexibility ; industrial energy management ; demand side management ; control approaches ; energy management ; optimization method ; objective function ; control constraints ; Demand Response ; dynamic thermal rating ; hosting capacity ; transformer ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Some terms, such as eco-friendly, circular economy and green technologies, have remained in our vocabulary, because the truth is that mankind is altering the planet to put its own subsistence at risk. Besides, for rationalization in the consumption of raw materials and energy, the recycling of waste through efficient and sustainable processes forms the backbone of the paradigm of a sustainable industry. One of the most relevant technologies for the new productive model is anaerobic digestion. Historically, anaerobic digestion has been developed in the field of urban wastes and wastewater treatments, but in the new challenge, its role is more relevant. Anaerobic digestion is a technologically mature biological treatment, which joins bioenergy production with the efficient removal of contaminants. This issue provides a specialized, but broad in scope, overview of the possibilities of the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass (mainly forestry and agricultural wastes), which is expected to be a more promising substrate for the development of biorefineries. Its conversion to bioenergy through anaerobic digestion must solve some troubles: the complex lignocellulosic structure needs to be deconstructed by pretreatments and a co-substrate may need to be added to improve the biological process. Ten selected works advance this proposal into the future.
    Keywords: exhausted sugar beet pulp ; pig manure ; anaerobic co-digestion ; thermophilic ; lignocellulosic waste ; anaerobic digestion ; biogas ; optimization ; operating parameters ; review ; particle-rich substrate ; suspended solids disintegration ; disintegration kinetics ; cellulase ; lignocellulosic biomass ; pretreatment methods ; limitations ; hydro-thermal pretreatment ; biofuels ; feedstock and degradation pathway ; AD systems ; pretreatment technologies ; process stability ; codigestion ; rice straw ; nutrients ; recycling ; digestate ; methane ; corn residue ; organosolv pretreatment ; sugar beet by-products ; manure ; semi-continuous feeding mode ; methane improvement ; non-classical parameters ; sorghum mutant ; biomass ; soluble sugars ; dilute acid pretreatment ; one-pot process ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The diversity of wood and non-wood forest products is enormous and reflected in their anatomical, physical and chemical properties as well as their potential applications. Special attention should be given to lesser-known species and even to invasive species, which may be profitable when properly managed, thereby decreasing the overexploitation of threatened species. Besides the market importance of stem wood, other tree components and non-wood forest products, often regarded simply as forest residual materials, are valuable forest resources with various potential applications that can strengthen the circular economy. Assessing the characteristics of these diverse materials, such as their structure and anatomy as well as their physical and chemical properties, is fundamental for evaluating their potential and increasing high-quality end-uses. This knowledge will also contribute to sustainable forest management with enhanced forest diversity and species conservation in addition to the reinforcement of certification and environmental policies.
    Keywords: Calamus zollingeri ; Calamus ornatus ; dynamic vapor sorption ; basic density ; volumetric swelling ; white rot ; mold ; Quercus suber L. ; seasonal variation ; cuticular waxes ; leaves ; new species ; morphology ; wood ; properties ; chemical composition ; spectroscopy ; chemometrics ; unconventional species ; Quercus suber ; cork borer ; cork ; phenolics ; tropical species ; wood anatomy ; wood density ; wood color ; multivariate analysis ; species diversity ; dark-brown zone ; lenticular filling tissue ; quantitative anatomical characteristics ; Quercus variabilis ; reproduction cork ; scanning electron microscopy ; sclereid ; virgin cork ; Cytisus scoparius ; liquefied ; optimization ; eco-valorization ; agro-industrial residues ; Asparagaceae ; lignocellulose ; crystalline cellulose ; syringyl/guaiacyl ; anatomy ; Tilia amurensis Rupr. ; Tilia mandshurica Rupr. & Maxim. ; branch ; wood properties ; papermaking material ; tropical timber ; color parameters ; mid-infrared spectroscopy ; FTIR ratios ; environmental factors ; West African Sahel ; Cupressus funebris Endl. wood ; wood knots ; physical properties ; wood color properties ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAL Forestry industry
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Cognitive building is a pioneering topic envisioning the future of our built environment. The concept of "cognitive" provides a paradigm shift that steps from the static concept of the building as a container of human activities towards the modernist vision of "machine à habiter" of Le Corbusier, where the technological content adds the capability of learning from users' behavior and environmental variables to adapt itself to achieve major goals such as user comfort, energy-saving, flexible functionality, high durability, and good maintainability. The concept is based on digital frameworks and IoT networks towards the concept of a smart city.
    Keywords: explainable post occupancy ; humanoid robot ; lighting simulation software ; BIM ; openBIM ; IFC ; IoT ; sensors ; cognitive buildings ; asset management ; digital twin ; BEM ; simulation modelling ; dynamic simulation ; Building Information Modelling (BIM) ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; facility management ; cyber-physical systems ; Building Management System ; Digital Twin ; Post-Occupancy Evaluations ; cognitive ; digital twins ; building lifecycle management ; artificial intelligence ; decision support ; self-learning ; optimization ; building performance simulation ; lighting simulation ; lighting quality ; visual comfort ; office field study ; evidence-based design ; building information modeling ; HVAC ; fan coil ; Internet of Things ; predictive maintenance ; fault detection ; smart building ; sustainable building ; construction projects ; BIM implementation ; stakeholders ; barriers ; construction product ; servitization ; level of evidence ; level curves ; ground slopes ; embankments ; road and rail design ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: With the announcement of the European Green Deal, which defines a set of policy initiatives aimed at achieving a 50–55% reduction in carbon emissions by 2030 and making Europe climate neutral in 2050, the challenge of energy transition becomes even more critical. The transformation of national energy systems towards sustainability is progressing throughout all Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, yet the goals and results are different. Most EU Member States have made substantial progress towards meeting their long-term commitments of emissions reductions. However, some bloc members have struggled to meet their obligations. An effective energy transition requires the introduction of appropriately designed policy instruments and of robust economic analyses that ensure the best possible outcomes at the lowest costs for society. In this context, this Special Issue aims to bring into the discussion the challenges that CEE countries have to face and overcome while undergoing energy transition.
    Keywords: climate change ; food security ; grand challenges ; multiple factor analysis ; regional studies ; renewable energy ; sustainable development goals ; support systems ; energy policy ; cogeneration ; capacity market ; individual cogeneration premium ; trade globalization ; financial globalization ; CO2 emissions ; real GDP per capita ; bootstrap panel Granger causality ; EU transition economies ; photovoltaics ; renewable energy sources ; “My Electricity” ; renewable energy policy ; Poland ; “Mój Prąd” ; grant ; renewable energy grants ; renewable energy support ; economic appraisal ; social discount rate ; Ramsey formula ; consumption rate of interest ; social opportunity cost ; renewable energy sources (RES) ; green energy transformation ; sustainable development ; energy cooperatives ; coopetition ; Renewable Energy Communities ; management ; households ; energy consumption ; platform ; EU ETS ; CO2 ; emissions trading ; energy companies from Central and Eastern Europe ; decarbonisation ; energy transition ; low-carbon technology ; climate and energy policy ; indicators ; biomass ; electric vehicle ; electromobility ; energy balance ; efficiency engines ; clustering ; charging stations ; data analysis ; hydrogen cells ; energy law ; customer preferences ; electric car ; PHEV ; driving technique ; limestone sorbents ; flue gas desulphurisation ; FGD gypsum ; coal-fired power plants ; climate policy ; capacity adequacy ; linear programming ; COVID-19 pandemic ; lockdown ; electricity demand profiles ; Polish energy mix ; energy transition in Poland ; social acceptance ; carbon emissions ; fleet electrification ; sustainable mobility ; fleet management ; energy mix ; onshore wind ; risk assessment ; cash-flows ; discount rate ; cost of capital ; cost of equity ; district heating ; decarbonization ; energy efficiency ; Hubgrade ; remuneration mechanism ; power generation ; new investments ; combined heat and power ; optimization ; thermal energy storage ; uncertainty ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The world’s energy demand is still growing, partly due to the rising population, partly to increasing personal needs. This growing demand has to be met without increasing (or preferably, by decreasing) the environmental impact. One of the ways to do so is the use of existing low-temperature heat sources for producing electricity, such as using power plants based on the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) . In ORC power plants, instead of the traditional steam, the vapor of organic materials (with low boiling points) is used to turn heat to work and subsequently to electricity. These units are usually less efficient than steam-based plants; therefore, they should be optimized to be technically and economically feasible. The selection of working fluid for a given heat source is crucial; a particular working fluid might be suitable to harvest energy from a 90 ℃ geothermal well but would show disappointing performance for well with a 80 ℃ head temperature. The ORC working fluid for a given heat source is usually selected from a handful of existing fluids by trial-and-error methods; in this collection, we demonstrate a more systematic method based on physical and chemical criteria.
    Keywords: adiabatic expansion ; isentropic expansion ; T-s diagram ; working fluid classification ; optimization ; single-screw expander ; vapor–liquid two-phase expansion ; thermal efficiency ; net work output ; heat exchange load of condenser ; cis-butene ; HFO-1234ze(E) ; ORC working fluids ; temperature–entropy saturation curve ; saturation properties ; wet and dry fluids ; ideal-gas heat capacity ; Rankine cycle ; ORC ; biomass ; fluid mixtures ; hydrocarbons ; working fluid ; selection method ; volumetric expander ; thermodynamic analysis ; wet zeotropic mixture ; single screw expander ; organic Rankine cycle ; R441A ; R436B ; R432A ; T–s diagram ; molecular degree of freedom ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book presents an interesting sample of the latest advances in optimization techniques applied to electrical power engineering. It covers a variety of topics from various fields, ranging from classical optimization such as Linear and Nonlinear Programming and Integer and Mixed-Integer Programming to the most modern methods based on bio-inspired metaheuristics. The featured papers invite readers to delve further into emerging optimization techniques and their real application to case studies such as conventional and renewable energy generation, distributed generation, transport and distribution of electrical energy, electrical machines and power electronics, network optimization, intelligent systems, advances in electric mobility, etc.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; Stackelberg game ; MILP ; optimal congestion threshold ; magnetic field mitigation ; simulation ; multi-objective particle swarm optimization ; virtual power plant ; internal defect ; day-ahead load forecasting ; neural network ; modular predictor ; multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm ; stochastic optimization ; dragonfly algorithm ; unit commitment ; metaheuristic ; multi-population method (MP) ; optimization ; tabu search ; considerable decomposition ; loss minimization ; active distribution system ; islanded microgrid ; dynamic solving framework ; feature selection ; electric energy costs ; power factor compensation ; dependability ; interactive load ; overhead ; energy internet ; evolutionary computation ; wind power ; developed grew wolf optimizer ; underground ; ETAP ; fuzzy algorithm ; electric vehicles ; Schwarz’s equation ; evolutionary algorithms ; electric power contracts ; congestion management ; optimizing-scenarios method ; building energy management system ; particle encoding method ; ringdown detection ; HOMER software ; DC optimal power flow ; prosumer ; constrained parameter estimation ; distributed generations (DGs) ; strong track filter (STF) ; transient stability ; calibration ; cost minimization ; radiance ; decentralized and collaborative optimization ; hybrid renewable energy system ; renewable energy sources ; rural electrification ; distribution network reconfiguration ; interval variables ; optimization methods ; particle swarm optimization ; hierarchical scheduling ; micro grid ; AC/DC hybrid active distribution ; consensus ; artificial bee colony ; CCHP system ; data center ; support vector machine ; affinity propagation clustering ; extended Kalman filter ; affine arithmetic ; linear discriminant analysis (LDA) ; current margins ; heterogeneous networks ; Cameroon ; hybrid method ; distributed heat-electricity energy management ; discrete wind driven optimization ; fitness function ; cross-entropy ; GenOpt ; wind energy ; demand uncertainty ; UC ; off-design performance ; genetic algorithm ; energy storage ; the biomimetic membrane computing ; power system optimization ; electric vehicle ; power architectures ; economic load dispatch problem (ELD) ; runner-root algorithm (RRA) ; Cable joint ; battery energy storage system ; load curtailment ; integration assessment ; power system unit commitment ; artificial lighting ; power flow ; hybrid membrane computing ; two-point estimation method ; low-voltage networks ; demand bidding ; non-sinusoidal circuits ; energy flow model ; power transfer distribution factors ; sustainability ; HVAC system ; voltage deviation ; street light points ; radial basis function ; energy storage system ; charging/discharging ; power systems ; intelligent scatter search ; MV/LV substation ; optimal power flow ; stochastic state estimation ; eight searching sub-regions ; chaos optimization algorithm (COA) ; mutual information theory ; inter-turn shorted-circuit fault (ISCF) ; C&I particle swarm optimization ; multiobjective optimization ; passive shielding ; sub-Saharan Africa ; micro-phasor measurement unit ; geometric algebra ; bio-inspired algorithms ; adaptive consensus algorithm ; energy management ; PCS efficiency ; multi-stakeholders ; generalized generation distribution factors ; the genetic algorithm based P system ; JAYA algorithm ; thermal probability density ; power optimization ; pumped-hydro energy storage ; smart grid ; two-stage feature selection ; piecewise linear techniques ; photovoltaic ; SOCP relaxations ; switched reluctance machine (SRM) ; optimal reactive power dispatch ; optimal operation ; controllable response ; off-grid ; active shielding ; transformer-fault diagnosis ; IEEE Std. 80-2000 ; principal component analysis ; demand response ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Marine habitats are promising sources to identify novel organisms and compounds. A total of 70% of the planet’s surface is covered by ocean, and little is known about the biosphere within these habitats. In the last few years, numerous novel bioactive compounds or secondary metabolites from marine environments have been described. This is, and will be, a promising source of candidate compounds in pharma research and chemical biology. In recent years, a number of novel techniques have been introduced to the field and it has become easier to actually (bio-)prospect compounds such as enzyme inhibitors. Those novel compounds then need to be characterized and evaluated in comparison to well-known representatives. This Special Issue focuses on the description of novel enzyme inhibitors of marine origin, including bioprospecting, omic approaches, and structural and mechanistic aspects.
    Keywords: sponge Monanchora pulchra ; pentacyclic guanidine alkaloids ; GH36 α-galactosidase ; GH109 α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase ; slow-binding irreversible inhibitor ; monanchomycalin B ; monanhocidin A ; normonanhocidin A ; Alzheimer′s disease ; BACE1 ; acetylcholinesterase ; in silico docking ; phlorotannins ; Ulva intestinalis ; ACE inhibitory peptide ; optimization ; purification ; structural identification ; molecular docking ; secondary metabolites ; Mycosphaerella sp. ; asperchalasine ; α-glucosidase ; kinase inhibitors ; drug development ; marine natural products ; inhibitor ; macroalgae ; marine fish ; protease ; Ulva ohnoi ; functional annotation ; structure–function relation ; natural products ; bioactives ; enzyme inhibition ; inactivation ; marine bacteria ; marine fungi ; marine sponges ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: According to the National Research Council, the use of embedded systems throughout society could well overtake previous milestones in the information revolution. Mechatronics is the synergistic combination of electronic, mechanical engineering, controls, software and systems engineering in the design of processes and products. Mechatronic systems put “intelligence” into physical systems. Embedded sensors/actuators/processors are integral parts of mechatronic systems. The implementation of mechatronic systems is consistently on the rise. However, manufacturers are working hard to reduce the implementation cost of these systems while trying avoid compromising product quality. One way of addressing these conflicting objectives is through new automatic control methods, virtual sensing/estimation, and new innovative hardware topologies.
    Keywords: independent-wheel drive ; steering assistance ; nonlinear system ; active disturbance rejection control ; smooth road feeling ; city bus transport ; electric vehicles ; electrification ; software tool ; planning ; control ; charging management ; simulation ; analysis ; energy management ; hybrid electric vehicle ; powertrain electrification ; equivalent consumption minimization ; supercharging ; hardware-in-the-loop experiments ; driving force distribution ; decentralized traction system ; 4WD electric vehicle ; energy efficiency ; traction control ; efficiency optimization ; air mobility ; fuel cell hybrid aircraft ; stochastic optimal control ; drift counteraction optimal control ; normal force estimation ; unbiased minimum variance estimation ; controller output observer ; youla parameterization ; adaptive cruise control ; automated driving ; energy-saving ; fuel-saving ; optimal control ; passenger comfort ; new energy vehicles ; speed prediction ; macroscopic traffic model ; traffic big-data ; deep learning ; vehicle lateral dynamic and control ; unresolved issues ; application of speed prediction ; electric vehicle ; hybrid vehicle ; lithium ion ; ultracapacitor ; battery aging ; EHB ; EMB ; EWB ; system modeling ; bond graph ; optimization ; control design ; Youla parameterization ; robust control ; nonlinear optimization ; brake-by-wire ; actuator ; electro-mechanical brake ; electronic wedge brake ; electro-hydraulic brake ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Some of the most beautiful studies in Mathematics are related to Symmetry and Geometry. For this reason, we select here some contributions about such aspects and Discrete Geometry. As we know, Symmetry in a system means invariance of its elements under conditions of transformations. When we consider network structures, symmetry means invariance of adjacency of nodes under the permutations of node set. The graph isomorphism is an equivalence relation on the set of graphs. Therefore, it partitions the class of all graphs into equivalence classes. The underlying idea of isomorphism is that some objects have the same structure if we omit the individual character of their components. A set of graphs isomorphic to each other is denominated as an isomorphism class of graphs. The automorphism of a graph will be an isomorphism from G onto itself. The family of all automorphisms of a graph G is a permutation group.
    Keywords: QA1-939 ; Q1-390 ; split-quaternion ; edge even graceful labeling ; graph automorphisms ; ring ; multi-state system ; Electric multiple unit trains ; join product ; nonlinear ; parameter selection ; Fuzzy sets ; cylinder grid graph ; high-level maintenance planning ; split-octonion ; granularity importance degree ; geometric arithmetic index ; ?-convex set ; partition comparison ; optimization ; automorphism group ; quantum B-algebra ; quotient algebra ; fuzzy normed ring ; graph partitioning ; fuzzy normed ideal ; algorithm ; 600-cell ; transmission regular graph ; emergency routes ; cyclic associative groupoid (CA-groupoid) ; disjoint holes ; quasi-maximal element ; logical conjunction operation ; time window ; three-way decisions ; 2-tuple ; atom-bond connectivity index ; attribute reduction ; orbit matrix ; line graph ; Chebyshev polynomials ; multi-granulation rough intuitionistic fuzzy sets ; group decision making ; cyclic permutation ; normed space ; complexity ; binary polyhedral group ; fuzzy implication ; intuitionistic fuzzy sets ; (generalized) distance matrix ; dodecahedron ; cacti ; isoperimetric number ; quality function deployment ; embedding ; matroid ; chaotic system ; KG-union ; involution AG-group ; triangular norm ; graph clustering ; distance matrix (spectrum) ; filter ; pessimistic (optimistic) multigranulation neutrosophic approximation operators ; maximum ; planar point set ; pseudo-BCI algebra ; neutrosophic rough set ; Abel–Grassmann’s group (AG-group) ; decomposition theorem ; synchronized ; random graph ; strongly regular graph ; regularization ; linear discrete ; operator ; genetic algorithm ; commutative group ; distance signlees Laplacian matrix (spectrum) ; construction methods ; unicyclic ; selective maintenance ; rough set ; edge detection ; co-permanental ; gear graph ; graceful labeling ; rough intuitionistic fuzzy sets ; variant CA-groupoids ; quasi-alternating BCK-algebra ; bicyclic ; hypernear-ring ; multi-granulation ; graph ; crossing number ; pyramid graphs ; q-filter ; icosahedron ; generalized bridge molecular graph ; coefficient ; 0–1 programming model ; polar grid graph ; finite automorphism groups ; engineering characteristics ; edge graceful labeling ; social network ; invariant measures ; convex polygon ; dominance relation ; good drawing ; spectral radius ; logical disjunction operation ; Abel–Grassmann’s groupoid (AG-groupoid) ; metro station ; multitransformation ; particle swarm algorithm ; aggregation operator ; cancellative ; neutrosophic set ; fuzzy logic ; human reliability ; performance evaluation ; complete lattice ; quadratic polynomial ; Detour–Harary index ; Laplacian operation ; fixed point ; graded rough sets ; generalized permanental polynomial ; basic implication algebra ; intersection graph ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Analytical chemistry is bound to face growing challenges in the future, especially for the quantification of trace analytes in complex matrices. Although the development of increasingly sensitive and specific instrumental techniques has achieved remarkable results, sample preparation is still a fundamental step, often limiting the whole workflow. In the context spawned by the recent international environmental policies that are responsive to the rapport of human activities with the surrounding environment, chemistry cannot hesitate to give its contribution. Almost pioneeringly, in analytical chemistry, we have been talking for some time about “green analytical chemistry”, its guiding principles, and the development of eco-friendly analytical approaches. However, the new and still open challenge is advance not only in eco-compatibility but mainly in eco-sustainability, rooting the future of analytical chemistry in new perspective aimed at minimizing the environmental impact of the analytical process by placing environmental cost as a priority aim on par with analytical performance. This is the reprint of a Special Issue that includes contributions focused on the progress in analytical chemistry based on the arguments previously raised and discussed, with a particular reference to eco-compatibility and eco-sustainability. The contributions include the development of low environmental impact methods and/or techniques or their applications.
    Keywords: dyes ; fatty acids ; microextraction ; magnetic ionic liquid ; sample preparation ; dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction ; single drop microextraction ; GC ; HPLC ; ionic liquids ; denitrogenation ; extraction ; pyridine ; quinoline ; aniline ; simulated oil ; adsorption ; gum Arabic ; magnetite ; nano-composite ; lead(II) ; mercury removal ; magnetic ; manganese ; cobalt ; iron ; spinel ; crosslinker ; phenolic acids ; vinylimidazole ; anion exchanger ; co-polymer ; solid-phase extraction ; sustainable analytical sample preparation ; indoor air quality ; fragrances ; indoor pollution ; endocrine disruptors ; analytical method ; GC-MS ; musks fragrances ; emerging contaminants ; α-isomethylionone ; halloysite nanotubes ; organosilyl-sulfonated halloysite nanotubes ; solid phase extraction ; pyrrolizidine alkaloids ; honey ; chlorzoxazone ; greener HPTLC ; paracetamol ; simultaneous detection ; validation ; AGREE ; traditional HPTLC ; vitamin D3 ; pulsed electric field ; bioactive compounds ; optimization ; mushrooms ; Agaricus bisporus ; phenyboronic-acid-functionalized ; Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles ; ortho-dihydroxy-containing compounds ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Civil engineering structures may vibrate due to different sources of excitations such as earthquakes, wind, traffic, humans, etc. The resulting vibrations may not be acceptable from the perspective of vibration comfort or can even impair the structure's safety. Depending on the excitation mechanism, anti-vibration measures range from increasing the structural damping using local dampers, decoupling the structure from the disturbance using vibration isolators and compensating for the excitation forces using vibration compensators. The Special Issue "Efficient Damping and Isolation Systems for Civil Structures" presents some of the recent advances in the associated fields of research and development.
    Keywords: isolation ; high damping rubber bearing ; low shape factor ; performance test ; experiment ; three-dimensional (3D) seismic isolation ; vertical seismic isolation device ; disc spring ; helical coil spring ; steel damper ; laminated rubber bearing ; seismic energy dissipation ; nuclear power plant equipment ; seismic isolation frequency ; hysteretic behavior ; cable ; control ; damping ; semi-active ; negative stiffness ; vibration ; liquid storage tank ; MetaFoundation ; time domain analysis ; earthquake ; passive control ; stop band ; suspended ceiling systems ; passively controlled structure ; pulley tackle mechanism ; shake table test ; simulation analysis ; tower-like structures ; tuned liquid gas damper ; elastic membrane ; gas spring ; gas volume ; SA-TLGD ; TLCGD ; TLCD ; TMD ; inerter ; optimization ; TMDI ; vibration mitigation ; tuned sloshing damper ; TSD ; tuned mass damper ; numerical simulation ; coupled simulation ; computational wind engineering ; CWE ; hysteresis ; internal resonances ; nonlinear modal interaction ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book, which is a reprint of articles published in the Special Issue "Advances in Hydrogen Energy" in Energies, seeks to contribute to disseminating the most recent advancements in the field of hydrogen energy. It does so by presenting scientific works from around the world covering both modeling and experimental analysis. The focus is placed on research covering all aspects of the hydrogen energy, from production to storage and final use, including the development of other easy to transport and versatile hydrogen-based energy carriers via the power-to-x (PtX) route, such as ammonia and methanol.Hydrogen energy research and development has attracted growing attention as one of the key solutions for clean future energy systems. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, governments across the world are developing ambitious policies to support hydrogen technology, and an increasing level of funding has been allocated for projects of research, development, and demonstration of these technologies. At the same time, the private sector is capitalizing on the opportunity with larger investments in hydrogen technology solutions.While intense research activities have been dedicated to this field, several issues require further research prior to achieving full commercialization of hydrogen technology solutions. This book addresses some of these issues by presenting detailed models to optimize design strategies and operating conditions for the entire hydrogen value chain, covering production via electrolysis, storage and use in different types of fuel cells and in different forms of energy carriers.
    Keywords: methanol steam reforming ; hydrogen production ; exhaust waste heat ; rib microreactor ; air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cells ; adiabatic fuel cell temperature ; thermodynamic analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cells ; ammonia ; hydrogen ; production ; storage ; utilization ; CO2 free ; hydrogen storage ; hydrogen compression ; non-mechanical compressors ; electrochemical compressors ; activated carbons ; computational analysis ; high-pressure methanol steam reformer ; phase change heat transfer ; high pressure steam condensation ; high temperature PEM ; fuel cell ; electro-osmotic drag ; polymer electrolyte membrane ; proton exchange membrane fuel cells ; proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells ; membrane water transport ; elementary reactions steps ; rate-determining step ; solid oxide electrolysis cell ; multi-physics ; optimal rib/pitch ratio ; parameters sensitivity ; analytical expression ; SOFC ; system ; model ; stack test ; hydrogen systems ; cryogenics ; vortex tubes ; computational fluid dynamics ; low melting metal ; Al-based alloy ; metal smelting ; fuel cells ; hydrogen hybrid energy system ; thermography ; CFD modeling ; heat transfer ; optimization ; PEM ; fault ; diagnosis ; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ; distribution of relaxation times ; reformate ; proton exchange membrane fuel cell ; gas diffusion layer ; microscopic porous layer ; fracture ; two phase flow ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: The papers published in this Special Issue report on recent studies investigating the exploitation of by-products produced by the food industry. The topics investigated include the extraction setups used for valuable food waste by-products and their applications as adjuncts to food preparation; the appropriate selection of solvents and extraction processes; and the interactions between extracted fractions and supplementary foods. The papers evaluate a wide variety of foodstuffs and provide results regarding the extension their shelf-lives and activities as functional foods.
    Keywords: by-product ; rheological properties ; optimization ; melting profile ; antioxidant activity ; mayonnaise ; olive mill wastewater ; oxidative stability ; phenolic extract ; pork ; fatty acid ; amino acid ; mineral ; meat ; sustainability ; spent biomass ; prebiotic potential ; enzymatic digestion ; biorefinery ; circular economy ; by-products ; ovine scotta ; bioactive peptides ; bromelain ; pancreatin ; dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition ; ovine second whey cheese ; enzymatic hydrolysis ; wasted bread ; bioprocessing ; lactic acid bacteria ; soil amendment ; byproducts ; vegetable oil industry ; phenolics ; flavonoids ; photochemiluminescence ; cold-pressed oil by-product ; gum ; thixotropic behavior ; low-fat vegan mayonnaise ; thickeners ; gelling agents ; tomato pomace ; lycopene ; β-carotene ; extraction ; food by-products ; deep eutectic solvents ; non-thermal drying ; stilbene ; vine shoots ; viticulture waste ; trans-resveratrol ; ε-viniferin ; Italian varieties ; no-waste ; omega-3 ; smart sensors ; reuse ; fish oil industry ; recovery ; chemometrics ; lipid profile ; aquafaba ; cold-pressed oils ; confocal laser scanning microscopy ; egg replacement ; physicochemical properties ; radical scavenging activity ; vegan mayonnaise ; Amberlite resin ; hazelnut skin ; polyphenols ; Pinot noir pomace ; solid–liquid extraction ; valorization ; fatty acids ; derivatization ; cranberry pomace ; dietary fiber ; technological properties ; kiwi byproducts ; probiotic ; prebiotic ; Lactobacillus casei ; ingredients ; functional foods ; microbial spoilage ; lipidic oxidation ; antioxidant ; predictive microbiology ; food preservation ; food safety ; sustainable strategy ; by-product reuse ; kinetic parameters ; Olea europaea ; waste reuse ; inulin ; high polymerization degree ; functional pasta ; glycemic index ; prebiotics growth ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The sustainable development of our planet depends on the use of energy. The increasing world population inevitably causes an increase in the demand for energy, which, on the one hand, threatens us with the potential to encounter a shortage of energy supply, and, on the other hand, causes the deterioration of the environment. Therefore, our task is to reduce this demand through different innovative solutions (i.e., both technological and social). Social marketing and economic policies can also play their role by affecting the behavior of households and companies and by causing behavioral change oriented to energy stewardship, with an overall switch to renewable energy resources. This reprint provides a platform for the exchange of a wide range of ideas, which, ultimately, would facilitate driving societies toward long-term energy efficiency.
    Keywords: natural resources ; globalization ; energy ; nonparametric causality in quantiles ; energy security ; power market ; near-zero emission technologies ; oxy-fuel combustion cycles ; emission rights sales mechanism ; economic assessment ; Oil Companies ; innovations ; investments in R&amp ; D ; forecasting the Innovation activities ; industry 4.0 ; Agenda 2030 ; sustainable human development ; measuring development ; energy sustainability ; indirect measurement ; composed indexes ; forecasting ; linear regression ; planning ; polynomial regression ; power supply ; green building ; housing projects management ; sustainable construction ; renewable energy sources ; real estate developers ; deviation ; energy dependence ; energy efficiency management ; energy saving ; cost ; risk limit ; energy industry ; energy supply ; energy intensity ; energy efficiency ; energy industry risks ; dilemma ; development ; Kazakhstan ; energy transitions ; Latin America ; power system ; sustainability ; economic growth ; pollution ; renewable energy ; oil and gas industry ; investments ; rating ; competitiveness ; financial analysis ; risk ; profitability ; merchandising technologies ; correlation ; scenario ; social development ; optimization ; investment ; financial portfolio ; financial leverage ; integral rating ; industry rating ; high-tech company ; decision-making ; minimax ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint aims to address the challenges modern-day buildings face in the context of high energy and resource consumption and climate change. One of the ways to address the issues is holistic design and operation of high-performance buildings in the area of energy efficiency, occupant health, and comfort. All this should be achieved through synergic interconnectedness between parameters such as the indoor–outdoor environment, sustainability, and resilience. Through different chapters, this reprint highlights the key areas, namely, the optimization of building design parameters, the impact of the use of modern-day phase-change materials, the adaptation of occupants and buildings to climate change, the mitigation of urban overheating by cool roofs, and reducing energy demand and CO2 emissions.
    Keywords: climate change ; bioclimatic design ; passive design ; energy efficiency ; overheating ; building resilience ; robustness ; shape factor ; building ; thermal envelope ; energy demand ; CO2 emissions ; white roofs ; cool roofs ; reflective material ; cost-benefit ; energy savings ; urban heat island ; thermal comfort ; indoor environmental quality ; educational buildings ; energy consumptions ; local discomfort ; building energy retrofitting ; phase change materials ; aerogel render ; heat stress risk ; emission ; lifecycle cost ; peak cooling load ; residential building ; building envelope ; multi-objective genetic algorithm ; TRNSYS ; climate zone ; multi-criteria decision making ; CRITIC ; TOPSIS ; capture devices ; variables ; field surveys ; thermal perceptions ; adaptive actions ; hostel dormitories ; composite climate of India ; reflective materials ; mitigation ; outdoor comfort ; visual comfort ; heat stress ; optimization ; skyscrapers ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book celebrates the life, work and influence of Professor Roger W.H. Sargent of Imperial College London. It does so through a range of original contributions that span the wide academic and industry interests of Professor Sargent. Roger Sargent passed away in late 2018, but his legacy lives on through his enormous academic tree, which traces to the early 1960s. That huge body of work has also had significant impacts on industrial practices. Roger was regarded as “the father of Process Systems Engineering (PSE)”. This area of Chemical Engineering continues to influence the modelling, design, control, optimization and integrated performance of industrial and related processes. This book highlights some of those impacts and the ongoing importance of PSE in helping to solve some of the grand challenges of our time.
    Keywords: input-output model ; fuzzy optimization ; process synthesis ; preliminary stage design ; process systems engineering ; energy systems engineering ; process design ; optimization ; nonlinear programming ; process monitoring ; nonlinear principal component analysis ; parallel neural networks ; autoassociative neural network ; big data ; process scheduling ; process system engineering ; mixed-integer programming ; scheduling ; process control ; integration ; distribution ; planning ; oil supply chain ; robust optimization ; uncertainty ; bio-jet diesel ; co-hydrotreating ; hydrodesulphurisation ; hydrodeoxigenation ; reactive distillation ; coproduction ; Lurgi syngas ; cryogenic separation ; methanol synthesis ; LNG ; symmetry ; quadratic optimization ; quadratically-constrained quadratic optimization ; process modeling ; mathematical programming ; MINLP ; generalized disjunctive programming ; design ; higher education ; curricula ; visualization ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Climate change is becoming visible today, and so this book—through including innovative solutions and experimental research as well as state-of-the-art studies in challenging areas related to sustainable energy development based on hybrid energy systems that combine renewable energy systems with fuel cells—represents a useful resource for researchers in these fields. In this context, hydrogen fuel cell technology is one of the alternative solutions for the development of future clean energy systems. As this book presents the latest solutions, readers working in research areas related to the above are invited to read it.
    Keywords: fuel cell powered vehicle ; medium- and heavy-duty trucks ; component sizing ; ownership cost ; optimization ; hybrid power systems ; renewable energy sources ; fuel cell systems ; required-power-following control ; fuel economy ; permanent magnet synchronous generator ; fault ride-through ; interval type-2 fuzzy logic system ; wind energy conversion ; proton exchange membrane fuel cell ; hydrogen economy ; fueling flows control ; global extremum seeking ; load following ; matlab ; simulink ; real-time capability ; dynamic fuel cell model ; electricity distribution networks ; optimal capacitor allocation ; Genetic Algorithm ; Particle Swarm Optimization ; Bat Algorithm ; Whale Algorithm ; Sperm-Whale Algorithm ; alternative energy ; energy efficiency ; fuel cell ; hydrogen energy ; stationary application ; electrical vehicle ; AC charging station in mode 3 ; PLC ; steam methane reforming ; steam methanol reforming ; electrical efficiency ; exergy efficiency ; LNG ; Stirling engine ; solar concentrator ; automation system ; human–machine interface ; sensors ; direct methanol fuel cell ; multi stacks ; portable power ; energy management system ; Internet of Things ; long-term ; in-field test ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This multidisciplinary book covers a wide range of topics addressing critical challenges for advancing the understanding and management of shale oil and shale gas resources. Both fundamental and practical issues are considered. By covering a variety of technical topics, we aim to contribute to building a more integrated perspective to meet major challenges faced by shale resources. Combining complementary techniques and examining multiple sources of data serve to advance our current knowledge about these unconventional reservoirs. The book is a result of interdisciplinary and collaborative work. The content includes contributions authored by active scientists with ample expertise in their fields. Each article was carefully peer-reviewed by researchers, and the editorial process was performed by an experienced team of Senior Editors, Guest Editors, Topic Editors, and Editorial Board Members. The first part is devoted to fundamental topics, mostly investigated on the laboratory scale. The second part elaborates on larger scales (at near-wellbore and field scales). Finally, two related technologies, which could be relevant for shale plays applications, are presented. With this Special Issue, we provide a channel for sharing information and lessons learned collected from different plays and from different disciplines.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; fracture mode ; Multi Finger Caliper ; sensitivity analysis ; shale oil ; borehole stability ; shale reservoir ; XRD ; XRF ; shear deformation ; optimization ; DSC ; EDX ; imbibition ; oil shale ; shale ; pore size distribution ; seismic wavefield ; unconventional ; fracturing fluid ; shale gas reservoir ; elastomer seal ; oil production ; leaching ; elemental analysis ; Chang 7 reservoir ; shale reservoirs ; Wufeng-Longmaxi shale ; TGA ; fracturing ; solid-liquid extraction ; fuling gas field ; Niutitang formation ; isolated organic matter ; SEM ; safety levels of activity ; well integrity ; flowback fluid ; osmotic hydration ; anisotropy ; surface hydration ; ionic stabilizer ; quantitative evaluation ; tight oil recovery ; FTIR ; fluid-solid-heat coupling ; liner hanger ; dynamic crack initiation toughness ; Jordan ; numerical simulation ; organic matter pores ; shale drilling fluid ; finite element analysis ; multistage fracturing ; well ; negative extreme swelling ratio ; volume fracturing ; contact pressure ; NSCB specimen ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: We are honored to announce this reprint, containing contributions from the top experts in the field of logic and fuzzy logic. In total, this reprint consists of 10 papers that were selected from more than 20 submissions. The 10 papers comprising the reprint are the product of re-known experts in fuzzy logic from all over the world, such as Canada, Poland, China, Slovakia, Lithuania, Turkey, Pakistan, Germany, Serbia, Portugal, Taiwan, Norway, India, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, and Mexico. We expect that the papers comprising the Special Issue will contribute to an advancement in the state of the art in the fields of logic and also fuzzy logic.
    Keywords: fuzzy-sets ; fuzzy-random variables ; distribution generating function ; fuzzy binomial distribution ; Fuchs distribution ; MADM ; Aczel–Alsina operations ; IVIFNs ; IVIF Aczel–Alsina geometric aggregation operators ; interval type-3 fuzzy theory ; fuzzy control ; manufacturing ; Vietè’s method ; Newton–Raphson method ; regula falsi method ; testing of algorithms ; foundations of mathematics ; arithmetic ; set theory ; spatial fuzzy C-means ; COVID-19 ; rustbelt states ; extrapolation ; interpolation ; proving ; refuting ; improving ; fuzzy set ; linear Diophantine fuzzy sets ; linear Diophantine fuzzy relations ; level cut relations ; rough approximations on two universes ; decision analysis ; multi-valued logic trees ; hydraulic proportional valve ; weighting factors ; optimization ; granular computing ; formal concept analysis ; intuitionistic fuzzy sets ; periodicity ; spatial and temporal aspects ; knowledge discovery ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The book Green, Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Networks provides insights and solutions for a range of problems in the field of obtaining greener, energy-efficient, and sustainable networks. The book contains the outcomes of the Special Issue on “Green, Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Networks” of the Sensors journal. Seventeen high-quality papers published in the Special Issue have been collected and reproduced in this book, demonstrating significant achievements in the field. Among the published papers, one paper is an editorial and one is a review, while the remaining 15 works are research articles. The published papers are self-contained peer-reviewed scientific works that are authored by more than 75 different contributors with both academic and industry backgrounds. The editorial paper gives an introduction to the problem of information and communication technology (ICT) energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, presenting the state of the art and future trends in terms of improving the energy-efficiency of wireless networks and data centers, as the major energy consumers in the ICT sector. In addition, the published articles aim to improve energy efficiency in the fields of software-defined networking, Internet of things, machine learning, authentication, energy harvesting, wireless relay systems, routing metrics, wireless sensor networks, device-to-device communications, heterogeneous wireless networks, and image sensing. The last paper is a review that gives a detailed overview of energy-efficiency improvements and methods for the implementation of fifth-generation networks and beyond. This book can serve as a source of information in industrial, teaching, and/or research and development activities. The book is a valuable source of information, since it presents recent advances in different fields related to greening and improving the energy-efficiency and sustainability of those ICTs particularly addressed in this book
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; node speed ; linear recovery ; resource block allocation ; social awareness ; internet-of-things ; scheduling algorithm ; renewables ; neural network ; battery capacity ; energy awareness ; measurement structure ; optimization ; energy efficiency ; charging efficiency ; random structural matrices ; SDN ; water filling algorithm ; ONOS ; energy harvesting ; malware detection ; node density ; HetNets ; sustainability ; cooperative smart community ; adversarial samples ; spatial modulation ; NOMA ; 5G ; light-weight authentication ; green networking ; Device-to-Device (D2D) ; lightweight cipher ; mobile edge computing ; wireless power transfer ; adaptive link rate ; successive interference cancellation (SIC) ; directional charging vehicle ; self-interference cancellation ; proportional rate constraint ; inter-meeting time ; sustainable ; RWSN ; channel state information ; stochastic geometry ; networks ; green internet of things (IoT) ; PHY-layer ; IoT ; Markov chain ; traffic engineering ; QoS ; energy-efficient Ethernet ; power ; lightweight authentication ; energy aware routing ; authentication ; wired access ; amplify-and-forward ; software defined networking (SDN) ; image compressive sensing (CS) ; green ; edge computing ; LTE-A ; opportunistic networks ; RF Fingerprinting ; data centre ; multiple-input multiple-output ; Internet of Things ; machine learning ; peer discovery ; full-duplex ; industrial ; carbon footprint ; WSN ; imperfect CSI ; data center ; symbol error probability ; physical-layer authentication ; interference coordination ; clustering ; control and data plane ; wireless ; ICT ; bisection based optimal power allocation ; energy-efficiency ; consumer preferences ; real-time traffic ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Inverse Problems - Recent Advances and Applications examines some recent advances in inverse problems, new aspects of their mathematical modeling of inverse problems regarding in relation to their applications in physical systems and used the computational methods used. It consists of five chapters divided into two sections. Section 1, “Modeling and Formulations of Inverse Problems”, discusses new approaches to modeling and formulations of inverse problems in some physical systems. Section 2, “Some Computational Aspects”, contains research related to mathematical methods of solving some inverse problems.
    Keywords: optimization ; kalman filter ; gnss ; sensitivity analysis ; data assimilation ; parameter estimation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBF Algebra
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This Special Issue and Book, ‘Latest Hydroforming Technology of Metallic Tubes and Sheets’, includes 16 papers, which cover the state of the art of forming technologies in the relevant topics in the field. The technologies and methodologies presented in these papers will be very helpful for scientists, engineers, and technicians in product development or forming technology innovation related to tube hydroforming processes.
    Keywords: tube hydroforming ; small-diameter tube ; magnesium alloy ; warm working ; deformation characteristics ; forming defects ; forming limit ; bellows forming ; vision-based sensor ; fuzzy control ; semi-dieless forming ; local heating ; metal spinning ; tube forming ; incremental forming ; numerical control ; hydroforming ; overlapping blank ; variable-diameter part ; thickness ; ultra-thin walled tube ; tube bending ; laminated mandrel ; rotary draw bending ; Finite Element Analysis (FEA) ; deformation property ; lightweight structure ; bending ; formability ; numerical methods ; processing technology ; crash safety ; hot bending ; partial-quench ; FEM ; strip friction test ; friction coefficient ; surface roughness ; sliding speed ; contact pressure ; movable die ; loading path ; finite element simulation ; irregular bellows ; metal tube ; planetary ball dies ; diameter reduction process ; forming limits ; biaxial stretching ; forming limit measurement ; experimental design ; strain rate sensitivity ; elevated temperatures ; pneumatic forming ; drawing ; flaring ; tube expansion ; plug drawing ; thickness reduction ; hydro-flanging ; punch head shape ; finite element analysis ; alumimum alloy ; tube bulging test ; formability test ; biaxial strain ; local rubber bulging ; cutout shape ; slit length ; two-layer tube ; rigid plasticity ; arbitrary yield criterion ; arbitrary hardening law ; analytic solution ; magnesium alloy tube ; warm hydroforming ; non-uniform temperature field ; protrusion type forming ; wall thickness distribution ; coupled thermal-structural analysis ; optimization ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Micro- and nano-molding technologies are continuously being developed due to enduring trends like increasing miniaturization and higher functional integration of products, devices, and systems. Furthermore, with the introduction of higher performance polymers, feedstocks, and composites, new opportunities in terms of material properties can be exploited, and, consequently, more micro-products and micro/nano-structured surfaces are currently being designed and manufactured.Innovations in micro- and nano-molding techniques are seen in the different processes employed in production (injection molding, micro injection molding, etc.); on the use of new and functional materials; for an ever-increasing number of applications (health-care devices, micro-implants, mobility, and communications products, optical elements, micro-electromechanical systems, sensors, etc.); in several key enabling technologies that support the successful realization of micro and nano molding processes (micro- and nano-tooling technologies, process monitoring techniques, micro- and nanometrology methods for quality control, simulation, etc.) and their integration into new manufacturing process chains.This Special Issue reprint showcases research papers and review articles that focus on the latest developments in micro-manufacturing and key enabling technologies for the production of both micro-products and micro-structured surfaces.
    Keywords: demolding process ; molecular dynamics simulation ; polypropylene ; injection molding ; nanostructure ; depth-to-width ratio ; air-shielding electrochemical micro-machining ; nozzle design ; flow field ; grey relational analysis ; optimization ; bistable mechanism ; V-beam structure ; compliant mechanism ; microinjection molding ; out-of-plane ; silicon photonics ; integrated optics ; waveguide crossing design ; multimode interference (MMI) ; sub-wavelength grating (SWG) ; multiplexing technology ; optical aspheric surface ; fast tool serve (FTS) ; machining error ; optical performance ; micro injection moulding ; adiabatic heating ; diesel effect ; venting ; film insert moulding ; surface analysis ; blister formation ; simulation ; semi-crystalline polymer ; PLLA ; thermoplastics ; microdevice ; direct-writing ; additive manufacturing ; micro manufacturing ; functionalization ; modeling ; micro-injection molding ; micro replication ; process simulation ; grating couplers ; integrated waveguide devices ; functional analysis ; micro-injection moulding ; machine design ; process capability ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue of Processes operates on the basis of a rigorous peer-review with a single-blind assessment and at least two independent reviewers, thereby ensuring a high quality final product. I would like to thank our reviewers, for providing the authors with constructive comments, and Editorial Board, for their professional advice that led to the final decision. I am sure that, in coming years, readers of this Special Issue will find the scientific manuscripts interesting and beneficial to their research.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; three-dimensional temperature field ; n/a ; forced convection ; RNG k-? model ; PIV measurements ; water friction loss ; flat plate ; horizontal ; optimization ; casson fluid ; finned tube ; plate-fin heat sink ; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ; plate heat exchanger ; partial heating ; thermo-diffusion ; HEN synthesis ; Keller-Box technique ; visualization experiment ; ice-cream ; modelling ; computational intelligence techniques ; canned motor ; boiling ; heat transfer ; operating condition ; vertical ; phase change ; flow distribution characteristics ; scraped surface heat exchanger ; heat flux ; numerical simulation ; aspect ratio ; orientation ; axisymmetric flow ; CACRS ; natural convection ; MINLP ; multi-slip ; ice storage ; viscosity ; axial piston pump ; crystallization ; multiphase flow ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: With the deep integration of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet, ship propulsion control systems are also gradually undergoing a transformation from the mode of automatic control to intelligent control. In particular, the smart ship concept has become a key factor in the maritime industry’s ambition to achieve sustainable green development. Currently, the development of all-electric propulsion and innovative hybrid ship propulsion systems is a priority, so that the efficiency of ship propulsion systems might be improved. Therefore, the aim of this monograph is to describe the intelligent control of ship propulsion systems. In this regard, this monograph deals with new approaches to the design of ship power systems. Among them, in terms of intelligent control, and using simulation experiments for comparison, the learning ability relied on by artificial intelligence is utilized to handle the collected data and generate corresponding commands, thus ensuring the safety and stability of the ship's movement. The main objective of this Special Issue is to fill existing knowledge gaps and provide additional ideas on the intelligent control of marine propulsion systems. Finally, we would like to express our deepest gratitude to the staff of MDPI Books and the editorial team of Marine Science and Engineering, especially the assistant editors of this Special Issue, the gifted authors, and the diligent and expert reviewers.
    Keywords: automation ; autonomous guidance ; green propulsion technologies ; marine engine ; safety and efficiency ; ship propulsion dynamics ; simulation ; smart control ; optimization ; weather routing ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This Special Issue aimed to collate recent works regarding the planning and control of energy systems. In particular, this Special Issue focuses on microgrids. This kind of system enables optimal integration of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles, energy storage, and demand-side management strategies, thus proposing a valuable framework through which to implement the decarbonization of the electricity sector. Special attention is given to those works devoted to systems with high penetration of renewables and advanced demand response strategies. Literature reviews are also included in this Special Issue, and some real-life experiences are described and analyzed.
    Keywords: optimization algorithm ; control system ; renewable energy ; PSO ; GWO ; battery storage energy ; electric vehicle ; photovoltaics ; BESS ; optimization ; AOA algorithm ; uncertainty ; distribution network ; DC multi-microgrid system ; carbon emissions ; economic dispatch ; across-time-and-space energy transmission ; cooperative multi-objective optimization ; PV ; wind turbine ; biomass system ; heap-based optimizer ; Franklin’s and Coulomb’s algorithm ; sooty tern optimization ; energy cost ; metaheuristics ; solar cell systems ; elephant herding optimization ; alpha tuned EHO ; cultural-based ; biased initialization ; parameter identification ; single diode ; double diode ; three diodes ; modular multilevel converter (MMC) ; fault-tolerant ; voltage source modular multilevel converter (VSMMC) ; SPWMLSC ; SPWMPSC ; STHILSC ; STHIPSC ; optimal energy management ; multi-agent system ; multi-energy carrier ; renewable energy sources ; microgrids management ; renewable energy resources ; isolated microgrids ; optimization techniques ; demand-side management (DSM) ; distributed generations (DGs) ; energy management systems (EMS) ; renewable energy sources (RES) ; waste to energy (W2E) ; microgrid architecture ; smart infrastructure ; resilience ; optimization model ; critical node identification ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: System dynamics is a simulation modeling approach to strategic and policy analysis that has been applied to many health care and public health issues since the 1960s and has become increasingly prevalent since the 2000s. The ten articles in this reprint appeared in a Special Issue of Systems and cover a broad cross-section of relevant methodological topics as well as applications to specific health problems.One methodological article describes the use of cascaded system archetypes, with an application to reducing hospital congestion. Another discusses Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis, with an application to the US opioid crisis. Three of the articles describe models of community response to severe shocks, including recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Two other articles address strategies for dealing with myriad chronic diseases and risk factors in a population. Other papers include in-depth analyses of prostate cancer screening, digital prosthetic services for lower-limb amputees, and the complex behavioral health challenge of youth homelessness.This reprint provides an excellent snapshot of the current state of practice in system dynamics as it is applied to public health, health care delivery, and health policy. It offers practical policy guidance and will be of interest to both experienced practitioners and those new to the field.
    Keywords: simulation model ; public health practice ; chronic disease ; prevention ; cardiovascular diseases ; cancer ; COVID-19 ; tourism recovery ; public policy ; system dynamics ; participatory modelling ; health ; social care ; integrated care ; hospital ; delayed hospital discharges ; strategy ; congestion ; capacity ; archetypes ; unintended consequences ; population health and well-being ; equity ; stewardship ; resilience ; simulation modeling ; uncertainty analysis ; optimization ; sensitivity testing ; Monte Carlo randomization ; opioid epidemic ; prosthetics ; major lower-limb amputations ; prosthesis usage ; amputee mobility ; health care system ; health policy ; youth homelessness ; child welfare ; juvenile justice ; mental health ; public health ; decision making ; long-term conditions ; resource allocation ; complex systems ; early detection of cancer ; mass screening ; decision-making ; dissemination ; clinical practice guidelines ; evidence-based guidelines ; policy decision thresholds ; prostate cancer ; natural history of disease ; biomarker ; PSA ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science
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    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The influence of foot geometry on energy efficiency in bipedal walking is investigated. A method for the optimization of the foot geometry of a bipedal robot is developed. It is based on a planar model with arbitrary convex foot geometry in combination with a hybrid zero dynamics based controller. Optimal gaits and foot geometries are determined. The average energy consumption can be reduced by more than 80% compared to a model with point feet.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; Optimierung ; optimization ; walking ; Regelung ; robotics ; Biomechanik ; control ; Gehen ; biomechanics ; Robotik ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: German
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book results from a Special Issue related to the latest progress in the thermodynamics of machines systems and processes since the premonitory work of Carnot. Carnot invented his famous cycle and generalized the efficiency concept for thermo-mechanical engines. Since that time, research progressed from the equilibrium approach to the irreversible situation that represents the general case. This book illustrates the present state-of-the-art advances after one or two centuries of consideration regarding applications and fundamental aspects. The research is moving fast in the direction of economic and environmental aspects. This will probably continue during the coming years. This book mainly highlights the recent focus on the maximum power of engines, as well as the corresponding first law efficiency upper bounds.
    Keywords: thermodynamics ; optimization ; entropy analysis ; Carnot engine ; modelling with time durations ; steady-state modelling ; transient conditions ; converter irreversibility ; sequential optimization ; Finite physical Dimensions Optimal Thermodynamics ; global efficiency ; energy efficiency ; heat engine ; heat pump ; utilization ; Carnot efficiency ; comparison ; thermal system ; cycle analysis ; second law of thermodynamics ; Clausius Statement ; theorem of the equivalence of transformations ; linear irreversible thermodynamics ; maximum power output ; maximum ecological Function ; maximum efficient power function ; enzymatic reaction model ; ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) ; plate heat exchanger ; finite-time thermodynamics ; heat transfer entropy ; entropy production ; new efficiency limits ; two-stage LNG compressor ; energy losses ; exergy destruction ; exergy efficiency ; Stirling cycle ; refrigerator ; heat exchanger ; second law ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The reprint is devoted to the phenomena associated with exact or approximate axial symmetry in different areas of technical physics and mechanical engineering science. How can the symmetry of the problem be used most efficiently for its analysis? Why is the symmetry broken or why is it still approximately retained? These and other questions are discussed based on systems from different fields of engineering.
    Keywords: fretting wear ; axis-symmetry ; tangential contact ; torsional contact ; Abel transform ; injection molding ; concentricity ; coaxiality ; optical barrel ; bilateral telecentric lens ; optimization ; contact problem ; non-axisymmetric indenter ; extremal principle ; generalized MDR ; non-axisymmetric ; circular contact ; frictionless contact ; general solution ; closed-form solution ; series solution ; cylindrical punch ; contact stress-intensity factor ; cylindrical symmetry ; spherical symmetry ; periodic boundary conditions ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Biocatalysis is very appealing to the industry because it allows, in principle, the synthesis of products not accessible by chemical synthesis. Enzymes are very effective, as are precise biocatalysts, as they are enantioselective, with mild reaction conditions and green chemistry. Biocatalysis is currently widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, food industry, cosmetic industry, and textile industry. This includes enzyme production, biocatalytic process development, biotransformation, enzyme engineering, immobilization, the synthesis of fine chemicals and the recycling of biocatalysts. One of the most challenging problems in biocatalysis applications is process optimization. This Special Issue shows that an optimized biocatalysis process can provide an environmentally friendly, clean, highly efficient, low cost, and renewable process for the synthesis and production of valuable products. With further development and improvements, more biocatalysis processes may be applied in the future.
    Keywords: catechin ; degalloylation ; flavonol ; glycoside hydrolase ; optimization ; tannase ; immobilized DERA ; statin side chain ; continuous flow synthesis ; alginate-luffa matrix ; design of experiments ; Anguilla marmorata ; eel protein hydrolysates ; functional properties ; herbal eel extracts ; agarose ; agarase ; agarotriose ; agaropentaose ; expression ; calycosin ; calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside ; glucosyltransferase ; sucrose synthase ; UDP-glucose recycle ; UGT–SuSy cascade reaction ; Candida antarctica lipase A ; surface-display system ; shear rate ; mass transfer rate ; enzymatic kinetic study ; enzymatic synthesis ; β-amino acid esters ; microreactor ; aromatic amines ; Michael addition ; kraft pulp ; cellulose ; xylan ; enzymatic hydrolysis ; Penicillium verruculosum ; glucose ; xylose ; lipase ; acidolysis ; docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester ; eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester ; ethyl acetate ; kinetics ; styrene monooxygenase ; indole monooxygenase ; two-component system ; chiral biocatalyst ; solvent tolerance ; biotransformation ; epoxidation ; NAD(P)H-mimics ; superoxide dismutase (SOD) ; catalase (CAT) ; glutathione reductase (GR) ; aluminum (Al) ; selenium (Se) ; mouse ; brain ; liver ; phosphatidylcholine ; 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid ; enzymatic interesterification ; biocatalysis ; Pleurotus ostreatus ; enenzymatic hydrolysis ; peptide ; antioxidant ; hepatoprotective activity ; Yarrowia lipolytica ; whole–cell biocatalysis ; indolizine ; cycloaddition ; trehalose ; viscosity ; enzymes ; protein dynamics ; Kramers’ theory ; protein stabilization ; enzyme inhibition ; Lipase ; transesterification ; 2-phenylethyl acetate ; packed-bed reactor ; solvent-free ; cyclic voltammetry ; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ; carbon nanotubes ; redox mediators ; CYP102A1 ; naringin dihydrochalcone ; neoeriocitrin dihydrochalcone ; regioselective hydroxylation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Honey is a very complex food that requires multiple analytical, statistical and mathematical methods to guarantee honey authentication. This Special Issue contains innovative research on different analytical procedures for the determination of chemical compounds, functional properties, sensory characteristics and pollen profiles for the interpretation of the botanical and geographical origin of honey. This book compiles twelve original studies that address these issues and improve the knowledge of honeys of multiple botanical and geographical origins.
    Keywords: honey ; authentication ; physicochemical parameters ; PCA ; characterization ; Algerian honey ; botanical origin ; biogeographical origin ; safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) honey ; chemical analysis ; anti-inflammatory ; antioxidant ; NF-κB ; Nrf-2 ; hydrogen peroxide ; functional food ; bacterial pathogen ; commercial honey ; quality standard ; Babors Kabylia ; sensorial properties ; melissopalynology ; quality parameters ; multivariate analysis ; quality control ; NIR ; modified partial least squares ; linear discriminant analysis ; Silicoflagellata ; diatoms ; pollen ; spores ; autumn heather honey ; Erica manipuliflora Salisb. ; volatiles ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; solid-phase microextraction ; optimization ; response surface methodology ; polyphenols ; phenolic profile ; total phenolic content ; antioxidant activity ; liquid chromatography ; tandem mass spectrometry ; principal components analysis ; light stable isotope mass spectrometry ; ultra-high performance liquid chromatography ; high resolution mass spectrometry ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; principal component analysis ; floral origins ; entomological origin ; mitochondrial DNA ; NADH dehydrogenase 2 ; PCR ; honeydew ; pine honey ; sensory evaluation ; bioactivity ; antimicrobial ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-05
    Description: This book makes a contribution to the formulation and implementation of production cost models for the modelling of liberalized electricity markets by addressing issues associated with the level of detail in the representation of the underlying power system, the accuracy of the results and the modelling effort. To this end a production cost model was formulated and applied to estimate the short-run marginal cost of the power systems of three important European electricity markets.
    Keywords: HF5001-6182 ; production cost model ; electricity market ; electricity price ; optimization ; marginal cost
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Echolocation has evolved in different groups of animals, from bats and cetaceans to birds and humans, and enables localization and tracking of objects in a dynamic environment, where light levels may be very low or absent. Nature has shaped echolocation, an active sense that engages audiomotor feedback systems, which operates in diverse environments and situations. Echolocation production and perception vary across species, and signals are often adapted to the environment and task. In the last several decades, researchers have been studying the echolocation behavior of animals, both in the air and underwater, using different methodologies and perspectives. The result of these studies has led to rich knowledge on sound production mechanisms, directionality of the sound beam, signal design, echo reception and perception. Active control over echolocation signal production and the mechanisms for echo processing ultimately provide animals with an echoic scene or image of their surroundings. Sonar signal features directly influence the information available for the echolocating animal to perceive images of its environment. In many echolocating animals, the information processed through echoes elicits a reaction in motor systems, including adjustments in subsequent echolocation signals. We are interested in understanding how echolocating animals deal with different environments (e.g. clutter, light levels), tasks, distance to targets or objects, different prey types or other food sources, presence of conspecifics or certain predators, ambient and anthropogenic noise. In recent years, some researchers have presented new data on the origins of echolocation, which can provide a hint of its evolution. Theoreticians have addressed several issues that bear on echolocation systems, such as frequency or time resolution, target localization and beam-forming mechanisms. In this Research Topic we compiled recent work that elucidates how echolocation – from sound production, through echolocation signals to perception- has been shaped by nature functioning in different environments and situations. We strongly encouraged comparative approaches that would deepen our understanding of the processes comprising this active sense.
    Keywords: QP1-981 ; Q1-390 ; bats ; Biosonar ; Humans ; marine mammals ; sensory biology ; Birds ; Behavior ; Communication ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFG Physiology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The use of lightweight structures across several industries has become inevitable in today’s world given the ever-rising demand for improved fuel economy and resource efficiency. In the automotive industry, composites, reinforced plastics, and lightweight materials, such as aluminum and magnesium are being adopted by many OEMs at increasing rates to reduce vehicle mass and develop efficient new lightweight designs. Automotive weight reduction with high-strength steel is also witnessing major ongoing efforts to design novel damage-controlled forming processes for a new generation of efficient, lightweight steel components. Although great progress has been made over the past decades in understanding the thermomechanical behavior of these materials, their extensive use as lightweight solutions is still limited due to numerous challenges that play a key role in cost competitiveness. Hence, significant research efforts are still required to fully understand the anisotropic material behavior, failure mechanisms, and, most importantly, the interplay between industrial processing, microstructure development, and the resulting properties. This Special Issue reprint book features concise reports on the current status in the field. The topics discussed herein include areas of manufacturing and processing technologies of materials for lightweight applications, innovative microstructure and process design concepts, and advanced characterization techniques combined with modeling of material’s behavior.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TA401-492 ; n/a ; microstructure ; Mg-Al-Ba-Ca alloy ; strength ; severe plastic deformation ; hot working ; surface roughness ; high pressure torsion extrusion ; optimization ; fatigue fracture behavior ; magnesium alloys ; de-coring ; formability ; multilayered sheets ; HPDC ; spring-back ; contact heat transfer ; mechanical properties ; bending ; in-die quenching ; equivalent strain ; light metals ; processing ; heat transfer ; damage ; creep aging ; thin-walled profile ; rolling ; aluminum alloy ; transmission line fittings ; ceramic core ; processing map ; automated void recognition ; FEA ; multi-output porthole extrusion ; density ; kinetic analysis ; texture ; non-ferrous alloys ; material characterization ; stress superposition ; hot stamping ; metal flow ; hybrid composite material ; V-bending test ; finite element model ; aluminium alloy ; shear lap test ; Al-Cu-Mg alloy ; characterization ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This book is a compilation of original research articles that apply a variety of techniques to identify and evaluate water resource management policies. These papers cover a wide range of topics and methodologies applied across the world, from a local to a continental scope. They illustrate open challenges in water resource management, such as the quantitative assessment of policy impacts, trade-off analyses, understanding the water–energy–food–environment nexus, collaborative model development, stakeholder engagement, formalizing social interactions, or improving the theoretical understanding of complex adaptive systems. Therefore, this book is a representation of research areas that have emerged from the origins of water resource systems analysis, seeking to improve the way in which water policy is formulated and implemented.
    Keywords: climate change ; water resources ; water availability ; uncertainty ; WAAPA model ; Western Europe ; water quality ; background pollutants ; export coefficient model ; chemical oxygen demand ; ammonia nitrogen ; water resource accessibility ; spatial pattern ; coupling coordination degree ; water resource management ; Southwest China ; pump efficiency ; water distribution systems ; water supply systems ; optimization ; design policies ; design ; BMPs ; Revised GWLF ; NSGAII ; hydrological dam safety ; initial reservoir level ; maximum conservation level ; water conservation volume ; flood control volume ; yield reliability ; regular operation ; stochastic methodology ; water management ; resources ; system dynamics ; drought management ; drought impacts ; urban public services ; inter-administrative cooperation ; border studies ; internal borders ; river municipalities ; freshwater health ; river chief system ; ecological integrity ; social services ; water governance ; national standard ; risk assessment ; water-saving ; set pair analysis ; China ; fluvial ecosystems ; hydropeaking ; InSTHAn tool ; short-term flow regimes ; subdaily flows ; sustainable river management ; droughts ; hydrological risk ; agri-food sector ; event study ; financial markets ; BOVESPA ; stormwater ; industrial facilities ; run off ; self-reported data ; multifunctional water source area ; ecotourism, people with different stakeholders ; balanced decision-making ; sponge city ; fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method ; water resource carrying capacity ; gray correlation analysis ; multiple linear regression models ; water environment capacity ; reservoir performance ; water resources systems ; participatory modeling ; river basin planning ; watershed management ; water scarcity ; water conflicts ; Robust Decision Support ; WEAP ; Integrated Water Resources Management ; Bolivia ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The great economic and strategic importance of catalysis makes it a rapidly evolving field. Catalysis is fundamental in areas such as sustainable development, energy production, environmental protection, food production, and water purification. In the face of the significant challenges of the present day, acquiring fundamental knowledge about the structure and phenomena on the surface of catalysts and the relationships between the composition, synthesis method, properties, and performance of catalysts in industrial processes is essential. Research is still needed to improve existing catalysts or design new systems which may efficiently and selectively conduct a given reaction toward the desired product. This Special Issue was devoted to designing and characterizing heterogeneous catalytic systems for industrial chemical processes. The reprint collects 10 research articles providing insight into important aspects of modern catalyst design. The papers cover recent advances and comprehensive experimental studies of synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of catalyst performance in the following processes: ammonia synthesis, selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides, hydrogen production from ethanol, and photocatalysis.
    Keywords: cobalt molybdenum nitrides ; ammonia synthesis ; phase composition ; specific surface area ; cobalt catalyst ; barium ; promoter ; optimization ; hydrogen ; ethanol ; catalyst ; TiO2 photocatalysis ; UV-C ; photolysis ; ammonia ; nitrogen removal ; water treatment ; hydrogen production ; ethanol steam reforming ; nickel-based catalyst ; manganese oxides ; potassium promoter ; gliding discharge ; plasma–catalytic system ; tar decomposition ; nickel catalyst ; nitric acid plant ; selective catalytic reduction ; clinoptilolite ; iron-modified zeolite catalyst ; TiO2-SiO2 ; mesoporous ; F127 ; high surface area ; solar photocatalysis ; dye degradation ; structure sensitivity ; size effect ; carbon support ; neodymium oxide ; support ; hydrogen poisoning ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The second volume of the Special Issue on “Micro-Electro Discharge Machining: Principles, Recent Advancements and Applications” confirms the growing interest in the micro-EDM technology as a suitable and efficient technology for machining novel, multilateral components, with demanding requirements in terms of precision, accuracy, and productivity.This volume consists of 10 original research papers which involve several approaches to micro-EDM and cover the enhancement of the process performance, such as the material removal rate, surface roughness, or machining accuracy, using advanced optimization methods. Some studies also consider several dielectric fluid additives and investigate the processability of new materials. Others investigate the combination of Reverse-micro-EDM with laser beam micromachining or explore new applications for the micro-EDM for fabricating antimicrobial nanosilver colloid.
    Keywords: electrical discharge machining ; metal matrix composite ; Taguchi ; micro-hardness ; surface roughness ; material removal rate ; wire electro-discharge machining ; polymer composite materials ; processing precision ; interelectrode gap ; micro-EDM milling ; accumulative difference ; material removal ; tool electrode wear ; analytical hierarchy process ; residual stress ; metal erosion rate ; Reverse-μEDM ; Nd: YAG LBµM ; micro-holes ; burrs ; protrusions ; electrical discharge machine ; energy consumption ; nanosilver colloid ; antimicrobial ; micro-EDM ; tungsten carbide ; carbon nanofiber ; silicon ; alumina ; shape memory alloys ; nitinol ; optimization ; near-dry wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) ; teaching–learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm ; micro electrical discharge machining ; vibration assisted electrical discharge machining (EDM) ; high-speed camera ; array electrode ; structured surface ; efficiency ; micromachining ; performance ; quality ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book provides a collection of research and review articles useful for researchers, engineers, students and industry experts in the bioenergy field. The practical and valuable information can be utilized for developing and implementing renewable energy projects, selecting different waste feedstocks, technologies, and products. A detailed insight into advanced technologies such as hydrothermal liquefaction, torrefaction, and supercritical CO2 extraction for making sustainable biofuels and chemicals is provided. A case study on food waste-to-energy valorization processes in Latin America provides experts’ insights to promote a circular economy.
    Keywords: Koelreuteria paniculata biodiesel ; non-edible feedstock ; transesterification ; physicochemical characterization ; optimization ; phenol ; hydrogenation ; Ni/CNT ; cyclohexanol ; transfer hydrogenation ; microalga ; fatty acid ; Vietnam ; Nannochloropsis ; Desmodesmus ; lignocellulosic ; bio-oil ; biocrude ; upgrading ; supercritical extraction ; supercritical CO2 ; hydrotreatment ; biorefinery ; pyrolysis ; hydrothermal liquefaction ; torrefaction ; oats ; maize ; straw ; biochar ; centralized waste valorization ; lifecycle thinking ; AHP ; side flow ; anaerobic digestion ; composting ; rice straw ; bio-crude ; methanol ; phenols ; esters ; energy-consumption ratio ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Artificial intelligence is deeply involved in our daily lives via reinforcing the digital transformation of modern economies and infrastructure. It relies on powerful computing clusters, which face bottlenecks of power consumption for both data transmission and intensive computing. Meanwhile, optics (especially optical communications, which underpin today’s telecommunications) is penetrating short-reach connections down to the chip level, thus meeting with AI technology and creating numerous opportunities. This book is about the marriage of optics and AI and how each part can benefit from the other. Optics facilitates on-chip neural networks based on fast optical computing and energy-efficient interconnects and communications. On the other hand, AI enables efficient tools to address the challenges of today’s optical communication networks, which behave in an increasingly complex manner. The book collects contributions from pioneering researchers from both academy and industry to discuss the challenges and solutions in each of the respective fields.
    Keywords: light emitting diode ; nonlinearity estimation and compensation ; probabilistic Bayesian learning ; visible light communication ; digital signal processing ; support vector machines ; BCSVM ; nonlinear equalization ; coherent detection ; k-nearest neighbor algorithm ; modulation format identification ; OSNR monitoring ; neural networks ; optical communications ; optimization ; equalizer ; tap estimation ; optical Fast-OFDM ; nonlinearity compensation ; optical fiber communications ; chromatic dispersion ; short-reach communication ; neural network ; hybrid signal processing ; fiber optics communications ; coherent communications ; machine learning ; clustering ; nonlinearity cancellation ; entanglement ; charge qubit ; position-based semiconductor qubits ; cryogenic technologies ; semiconductor photon communication ; Jaynes–Cummings–Hubbard formalism ; deep neural networks ; volterra equalization ; nonlinear systems ; coherent optical communication ; passive optical networks ; nonlinear compensation ; optical transmission ; optical networks ; artificial intelligence ; quality of transmission ; optical performance monitoring ; failure management ; artificial neural networks ; deep neural network ; image classification ; photonic integrated circuits ; semiconductor optical amplifiers ; photonic neural network ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Since the 1990s, food chemistry opened a new chapter in foods and plants investigation. An increasing attention to secondary metabolites and micro-constituents of nutraceutical interest present in foods has been noticed, supporting previous studies on macronutrient composition. Thanks to positive scientific opinions on the presence of bioactive molecules in plants and foods, the previous vision of exploring foods exclusively from a “caloric” point of view has been changed to looking at foodstuffs as having positive effects on human health.This book focuses on the optimization and validation of advanced analytical methodologies dedicated to the characterization and valorization of foods and plants containing bioactive molecules. Qualitative and quantitative characterization, food security, traceability, and innovation in the field of nutraceutical and functional nutrition will be of particular interest in order to stimulate a dialogue on correct nutrition concepts in a constantly changing cultural, technological, and climate context.
    Keywords: HPTLC-MS coupling ; HPTLC ; negative ion DESI-HR-MS/MS ; anthraquinones ; Chilean mushrooms ; genus Cortinarius ; millet starch ; edible film ; Clove ; GC-MS ; beetroot ; lactic acid bacteria ; betalains ; functional food products ; NMR ; metabolomics ; Brassica oleracea (var. italica) ; organic and conventional pratices ; glucosinolates ; extra-virgin olive oils ; oleuropein ; phenols ; tocopherols ; HPLC-MS ; multivariate statistical data ; 6-gingerol ; 6-shogaol ; commercial formulation ; ginger extract ; green reversed phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (RP-HPTLC) ; simultaneous analysis ; kaempferol ; Ocimum basilicum ; high performance thin layer chromatography in connection with ultraviolet detection (HPTLC-VIS) ; box-Behnken design ; optimization ; validation ; microalgae ; isolation ; identification ; lipid productivity ; berries ; fruit wines polyphenols identification ; LC–MSn ; whole barley flour ; pearling fractions ; proteins ; β-glucans ; arabinoxylans ; tocols ; phenolic compounds ; antioxidant capacity ; functional food ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Many research teams are working to demonstrate that microorganisms can be our daily partners, due to the great diversity of biochemical transformations and molecules they are able to produce. This Special Issue highlights several facets of the production of microbial metabolites of interest. From the discovery of new strains or new bioactive molecules issued from novel environments, to the increase in their synthesis by traditional or innovative methods, different levels of biotechnological processes are addressed. Combining the new dimensions of "Omics" sciences, such as genomics, transcriptomics or metabolomics, microbial biotechnologies are opening up incredible opportunities for discovering and improving microorganisms and their production.
    Keywords: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ; polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ; mutant strain ; Aurantiochytrium sp. ; transcriptome ; Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris ; 6-pentyl-α-pyrone ; antibiosis ; Trichoderma ; secondary metabolites ; antibiofilm ; Gram-negative bacterium ; antibiotic resistance ; natural products ; angucycline ; aquayamycin ; glycosyltransferase ; Lake Baikal ; Streptomyces ; Talaromyces albobiverticillius 30548 ; submerged fermentation ; pigments ; biomass ; optimization ; Box–Behnken experimental design ; response surface modeling ; carnosic acid ; propolis ; antifungal action ; synergy ; Candida albicans ; biofilms ; sponges ; actinomycetes ; cryptic ; Micromonospora ; Nocardia ; Gordonia ; mycolic acid ; LC-HRESIMS ; N-functionalized amines ; N-methylanthranilate ; Corynebacterium glutamicum ; metabolic engineering ; sustainable production of quinoline precursors ; acridone ; quinazoline alkaloid drugs ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Covid-19 ; Mpro ; microbial natural products ; docking ; molecular dynamic simulation ; Serratiochelin A ; Serratiochelin C ; Serratia sp. ; siderophore ; iron ; anticancer ; microbial biotechnology ; degradation ; antibacterial ; S. aureus ; sparkling wine ; second fermentation ; fermentation by-products ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae flor yeast ; proteins ; Scopalina hapalia ; Actinomycetes ; Bacillus ; Fungi ; elastase inhibition ; tyrosinase inhibition ; CDK7 inhibition ; Fyn kinase inhibition ; catalase activation ; sirtuin 1 activation ; Curvularia papendorfii ; endophytic fungi ; human coronavirus HCoV 229E ; Staphylococcus sp. ; MRSA ; antiproliferative activity ; polyhydroxyacid ; kheiric acid ; insect ; mealworm ; gut bacteria ; OSMAC ; cyclic peptides ; biosynthetic pathway ; autophagy inducer ; fermentation ; Lactococcus lactis ; bacteriocin ; culture conditions ; medium compositions ; lactic acid fermentation ; Pediococcus acidilactici PA204 ; simultaneous saccharification and fermentation ; corn stover ; pyocyanin ; maize industry wastewater ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa NEJ01R ; redox metabolite ; response surface analysis ; bioproduction ; valorization ; electrochemical analysis ; sugarcane ; distillery waste water ; molasses spent wash ; vinasse ; fungi ; yeasts ; bioremediation ; COD ; discoloration ; antimicrobial ; antioxidant ; GNPS ; textiles ; cation-exchange resin ; adsorption ; removal ; ammonium ; cell viability ; mutant gdhA P. multocida B:2 ; cyanobacteria ; photosynthesis ; synthetic biology ; systems biology ; genome-scale model ; protoplast fusion ; novel compound discovery ; cell wall-deficiency ; heteroploidy ; Talaromyces ; azaphilone ; marine fungi ; N-threonyl-rubropunctamin ; PP-R ; greener extraction ; red pigments ; fungal pigments ; antinematode compound ; anthelminthic drugs ; marine epiphytic bacteria ; marine biofilm ; marine environment ; parasitic nematode ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; natural colors ; bio-pigments ; quorum sensing ; marine bacteria ; biosynthesis ; biological activities ; industrial applications ; therapeutic insights ; global pigment market ; terpenoids ; sesquiterpene production ; Rhodobacter capsulatus ; β-caryophyllene ; bioactivity ; phytopathogens ; plant pathogenic fungi ; plant growth-promoting bacteria ; microorganisms ; biotechnology ; screening ; production ; extraction ; bioactive properties ; perspectives ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In this work, contributes to the optimization of local continuous fiber reinforcement patches, under consideration of manufacturing constraints. This approach requires specific optimization strategies. Therefore, an multi-objective optimization strategy for the placement of local reinforcement patches, under consideration of manufacturing constraints, has been developed. During the multi objective optimization, structural and process related objectives are considered.
    Keywords: Faserverbund ; Optimierung ; Fertigungsrandbedingungen ; Simulation ; composites ; optimization ; manufacturing constraints ; simulation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: The electrical demands in several countries around the world are increasing due to the huge energy requirements of prosperous economies and the human activities of modern life. In order to economically transfer electrical powers from the generation side to the demand side, these powers need to be transferred at high-voltage levels through suitable transmission systems and power substations. To this end, high-voltage transmission systems and power substations are in demand. Actually, they are at the heart of interconnected power systems, in which any faults might lead to unsuitable consequences, abnormal operation situations, security issues, and even power cuts and blackouts. In order to cope with the ever-increasing operation and control complexity and security in interconnected high-voltage power systems, new architectures, concepts, algorithms, and procedures are essential. This book aims to encourage researchers to address the technical issues and research gaps in high-voltage transmission systems and power substations in modern energy systems.
    Keywords: VFTO suppression ; GIS ; high-frequency inductance calculation ; damping busbar ; dynamic state estimation (DSE) ; synchronous machine ; ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) ; Sage–Husa algorithm ; grounding grid ; magnetic field ; orientation ; transient electromagnetic method (TEM) ; traction power-supply system ; protective relay ; digital simulator ; monitoring and controlling system ; railway ; transformer ; transmission line ; discrete wavelet transform ; mother wavelet ; fault classification ; multiprocessor system ; online non-clairvoyant scheduling ; weighted flow time ; potential analysis ; energy efficiency ; modular multilevel converter ; STATCOM ; optimization ; harmonics ; Harris Hawk’s optimization ; Atom search optimization ; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; contamination ; insulators ; salt ; calibration curves ; PV water pumping ; high gain DC-DC converter ; modified LUO converter ; hybrid MPPT algorithm ; grey wolf optimizer ; cyber-physical security ; microgrid ; cyber-attacks ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book contains 21 research papers, one review and one editorial focusing on studies in the field of electric power systems research in 2016. These 23 published papers can be classified into five categories: generation systems; transmission systems; distribution systems; end-users; and the power market. Among these, the subjects of generation and distribution systems has caused the most concern due to the realization of smart grids. Papers presented in this book cover research, the development of new procedures or components, an original application of existing knowledge, or new design approaches. The authors of the published articles are from a variety of Asian, North American, and European countries. This book shows that authors in China are the most active and their research covers all of the above-mentioned areas.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; optimization ; reliability ; sustainability ; stability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Challenging problems arise in all segments of energy industries—generation, transmission, distribution and consumption. Optimization models and methods play a key role in offering decision/policy makers better information to assist them in making sounder decisions at different levels, ranging from operational to strategic planning.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; mixed integer linear programming ; fuzzy set theory ; stochastic programming ; mixed integer linear programing ; variable renewable power ; generation efficiency ; optimization ; flexibility option ; portfolio analysis ; firefighting ; semi-mean-absolute deviation model ; component outage ; energy network ; predicted mean vote (PMV) ; generation expansion planning ; building microgrid ; demand side management ; stochastic robust optimization ; oil storage plants ; long-term forecasting ; multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) ; life cycle cost ; graph theory ; scenario-based multistage stochastic programming ; optimal power generation mix ; heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) ; intermittent sources ; electric-power structure adjustment ; technique for the order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) ; integrated energy system ; Markov chain Monte Carlo ; nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) ; domino effect ; energy system management model ; electrical distribution systems ; microgrid operation ; influence diagram ; net demand ; wind power forecasting ; energy conservation and emissions reduction ; feasible operation region ; meshed topology ; occupancy-based control ; islanded microgrids ; combined heat and power ; multi-objective optimization ; re-optimization and rescheduling ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Bone tissue engineering aims to develop artificial bone substitutes that partially or totally restore the natural regeneration capability of bone tissue lost under circumstances of injury, significant defects, or diseases such as osteoporosis. In this context, biomaterials are the keystone of the methodology. Biomaterials for bone tissue engineering have evolved from biocompatible materials that mimic the physical and chemical environment of bone tissue to a new generation of materials that actively interacts with the physiological environment, accelerating bone tissue growth. Mathematical modelling and simulation are important tools in the overall methodology. This book presents an overview of the current investigations and recent contributions in the field of bone tissue engineering. It includes several successful examples of multidisciplinary collaboration in this transversal area of research. The book is intended for students, researchers, and professionals of a number of disciplines, such as engineering, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biomedicine, biology, and veterinary. The book is composed of an editorial section and 16 original research papers authored by leading researchers of this discipline from different laboratories across the world
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; bone morphogenesis proteins ; n/a ; finite element ; bone tissue engineering ; electrically active implants ; prediction marker ; vertebra ; direct current electric field ; loose sintering ; Lattice Boltzmann method ; Pelvis ; automatic segmentation ; MSCs ; additive manufacturing ; finite element method ; bioelectromagnetism ; optimization ; scaffold design ; cone beam computed tomography ; computational modelling ; bone regeneration ; oxygen delivery ; biomaterials ; bone tissue ; spark plasma sintering ; critical size defect ; musculoskeletal modelling ; resonance frequency analysis ; minipig ; numerical methods in bioengineering ; computational fluid dynamics ; maxillofacial ; osteoporosis ; sliding window ; osseointegration ; mass transfer ; substrate-mediated electrical stimulation ; Fixation design ; dental implants ; human dental pulp stem cells ; numerical results ; elastoplasticity ; bone tissue regeneration ; finite-element simulation ; 3D-printed implant ; selective laser melting ; Lagrangian scalar tracking ; cortical bone ; micromechanics ; trabeculae ; finite element modelling ; damage ; titanium ; powder metallurgy ; pelvis ; biomechanics ; computational mechanobiology ; culturing protocol ; bone adaptation ; stem cell ; Bone tumor ; trabecular bone score ; Xenografts ; triply periodic minimal surfaces ; computed tomography ; multiscale analysis ; cartilage ; digital image correlation ; osteo-differentiation ; wollastonite ; transport ; finite element analysis ; bone marrow ; fracture risk ; von Mises stress ; electric stimulation ; mechanical behaviour ; adipogenesis ; biomaterial applications ; computational mechanics ; Ti6Al4V scaffolds ; finite elements ; Otsu’s method ; 3D virtual surgical plan ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2023-09-05
    Description: The word “anesthesia” is commonly associated with surgery in an operating room setting. This book hopes to take the reader on a journey that will highlight the myriad roles that anesthesiologists currently play, and what roles beyond the operating room are on the horizon. In this book, we hope to portray modern anesthesiology as a truly unifying force within the fabric of the contemporary healthcare environment.
    Keywords: trauma ; opioids ; optimization ; hypoxia ; atrial fibrillation ; elderly ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMB Anaesthetics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The depletion of natural energy resources provides evidential adverse impacts on world economy functionality. The strong requirement of a sustainable energy supply has escalated intensive research and the discovery of cleaner energy sources, as well as efficient energy management practices. In the context of a circular economy, this research not only targets the optimisation of resources utilisation at different stages but also emphasises the eco-design of products to extend production life spans. Based on this concept, this book discusses the roles of process integration approaches, renewable energy sources utilisation and design modifications in addressing the process energy and exergy efficiency improvement. The primary focus is to enhance the economic and environmental performance through process analysis, modelling and optimisation. The articles mainly show the contribution of each aspect: (a) design and numerical study for innovative energy-efficient technologies, (b) process integration—heat and power, (c) process energy efficiency or emission analysis, and (d) optimisation of renewable energy resources’ supply chain. The articles are based on the latest contribution of this journal’s Special Issues in the 21st conference entitled “Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction (PRES)”. This book is complemented with an editorial review to highlight the broader state-of-the-art development.
    Keywords: particulate matter ; fine particles ; combustion particles ; nucleation ; particle growth ; data envelopment analysis ; energy efficiency ; food loss and waste ; life-cycle assessment ; welding residual stress ; welding deflection ; T-joint fillet weld ; preheat temperature ; interpass time ; finite element analysis ; water desalination ; water supply ; water shortage ; energy demand ; environmental impacts ; specific energy consumption ; cryogenic energy storage ; air liquefaction ; exergy analysis ; economic analysis ; exergoeconomic analysis ; heat exchanger network ; structural controllability ; structural observability ; operability ; network science ; sensor and actuator placement ; simplified methods ; design procedure ; convection section ; radiant section ; flow distribution ; heat flux distribution ; boiler ; solar collector network ; minimum number of solar collectors ; maximum operating time ; flexible operation ; district heating ; heat accumulation ; pipe ; numerical model ; Modelica language ; Julia language ; performance ; off-grid polygeneration ; micro-hydropower plant ; fuzzy optimization ; mixed-integer linear programming ; dual-turbine ; multi-objective ; heat exchanger network (HEN) ; synthesis ; optimization ; direct heat integration ; indirect heat integration ; piping ; pumping ; impinging jet ; dimple ; Nusselt number ; heat transfer ; heat exchanger ; flow boiling ; surface-enhanced tube ; heat transfer coefficient ; flow pattern ; total site heat integration ; heat recovery loop (HRL) ; heat storage ; Monte Carlo (MC) simulation ; data farming ; gasification ; biomass ; total solid particle ; trigeneration system ; process integration ; pinch analysis ; co-generation ; storage system ; trigeneration system cascade analysis ; energy conservation ; latent heat thermal energy storage ; phase change materials ; passive cooling ; bio-adsorbents ; chitosan microbeads ; nanoparticles ; anaerobic digestion ; biowaste ; life cycle assessment ; smart city ; waste collection ; P-Graph framework ; process network synthesis ; multi-periodic model ; sustainability ; co-firing ; wheat straw ; softwood ; bog peat ; pellets ; thermal decomposition ; combustion ; DC electric field ; computational fluid dynamics ; temperature contour ; cooling system ; mathematical optimization ; machine learning ; flexible control technology ; biomass co-firing ; biomass quality ; network optimization ; goal programming ; mixed integer nonlinear programming ; renewable energy sources ; energy-saving technologies ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Today’s power system is facing the challenges of increasing global demand for electricity, high-reliability requirements, the need for clean energy and environmental protection, and planning restrictions. To move towards a green and smart electric power system, centralized generation facilities are being transformed into smaller and more distributed ones. As a result, the microgrid concept is emerging, where a microgrid can operate as a single controllable system and can be viewed as a group of distributed energy loads and resources, which can include many renewable energy sources and energy storage systems. The energy management of a large number of distributed energy resources is required for the reliable operation of the microgrid. Microgrids and nanogrids can allow for better integration of distributed energy storage capacity and renewable energy sources into the power grid, therefore increasing its efficiency and resilience to natural and technical disruptive events. Microgrid networking with optimal energy management will lead to a sort of smart grid with numerous benefits such as reduced cost and enhanced reliability and resiliency. They include small-scale renewable energy harvesters and fixed energy storage units typically installed in commercial and residential buildings. In this challenging context, the objective of this book is to address and disseminate state-of-the-art research and development results on the implementation, planning, and operation of microgrids/nanogrids, where energy management is one of the core issues.
    Keywords: energy demand ; long-term forecasting ; machine learning ; R programming ; solar power generation ; support vector regression ; economic energy ; Bonobo Optimizer ; hybrid renewable energy system ; microgrid ; PV panels ; wind turbine ; energy storage ; hierarchical control ; primary ; secondary control ; droop control ; frequency restoration ; voltage restoration ; grid synchronization ; proportional resonant controller ; robust control ; distributed generation, microgrid ; LMI ; optimization ; lightning attachment procedure optimization (LAPO) algorithm ; photovoltaic panel ; uncertainty ; cooperation ; energy ; reliability ; Monte Carlo ; smart energy control ; grid-synchronization ; dynamic voltage restorer ; converter control system ; sliding mode control ; economic scheduling ; clean energy ; quantum mayfly algorithm (QMA) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint, entitled “Process Control and Smart Manufacturing for Industry 4.0”, contains the extended papers from the Series of annual IFSA conferences on Automation, Robotics and Communications for Industry 4.0/5.0 (ARCI) on the following topics: Process Automation, Process Control and Monitoring, Design Principles in Industry 4.0, Smart Manufacturing and Technologies, Smart Factories, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing. The reprint contains 13 chapters written by 54 ARCI conference participants from seven countries: China, Croatia, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Poland and Romania. This reprint will inform readers of cutting-edge developments in the field and provide effective starting points and a road map for further research and development. All chapters follow the same structure: firstly, an introduction to the specific topic under study; secondly, a description of the field, including sensing or/and measuring applications. Each chapter ends with a curated list of references, including books, journals, conference proceedings and websites. “Process Control and Smart Manufacturing for Industry 4.0” is intended for researchers and scientists from academia and industry, as well as for postgraduate students.
    Keywords: steel alloys ; resistance spot welding ; RSW ; electrode wear ; electrode tip-dressing ; process monitoring ; mushrooming ; plateau forming ; quality control ; COVID-19 ; FDM ; 3D printing ; injection molding ; personal protection ; rapid prototyping ; protective face shields ; mechatronics line ; visual servoing system ; wheeled mobile robot ; industrial robotic manipulator ; Industry 4.0 ; NDT ; magnetic particle inspection ; optimization ; condition monitoring ; vibration ; acoustic emission ; drive train ; data fusion ; machine learning ; product morphology ; core data model ; phase rule filter ; phase private data model ; storage system ; forklift AGV ; deep learning ; semantic segmentation ; H-Swish ; community transformation ; community innovation governance ; ternary space ; coupling and coordination analysis ; lean manufacturing ; lean principles ; pull principle ; production control mechanisms ; production processes ; lean implementation ; batch process ; partial least squares ; multi-phase ; multi-mode ; master production scheduling ; make-to-order ; mathematical programming ; agent-based ; overtime ; earliness ; tardiness ; equipment selection decision ; business compass ; energy consumption ; processing time ; beetle antennae search algorithm ; sustainable blank dimension design ; energy-saving ; low-carbon ; grey wolf algorithm ; gas–solid ; cyclone ; separator ; gas dynamics ; erosion ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The renewable generation system is currently experiencing rapid growth in various power grids. The stability and dynamic response issues of power grids are receiving attention due to the increase in power electronics-based renewable energy. The main focus of this Special Issue is to provide solutions for power system planning and operation. Power electronics-based devices can offer new ancillary services to several industrial sectors. In order to fully include the capability of power conversion systems in the network integration of renewable generators, several studies should be carried out, including detailed studies of switching circuits, and comprehensive operating strategies for numerous devices, consisting of large-scale renewable generation clusters.
    Keywords: isolated microgrid ; renewable energy source ; diesel generator ; battery energy storage system ; hierarchical control ; power systems ; floquet multiplier ; poincaré map ; time series data ; DFIG ; renewable energy ; battery energy storage system (BESS) ; control strategy ; modular multilevel converter ; state-of-charge (SOC) equalization ; preliminary design ; optimization ; rotor loss ; guide vane outlet flow angle ; radial turbine ; CAES ; deadbeat control ; discrete space vector modulation ; computation efficiency ; model predictive control ; grid connected system ; three-level system ; T-type inverter ; PV diagnosis ; ESS application ; DC power flow ; DC system dynamics ; hybrid generation system ; phase-locked loop (PLL) ; synchronization ; hybrid filter ; low-cost hybrid converter ; bi-directional converter ; parallel configuration of converters ; converter for multi-MW wind generator ; offshore wind energy converter applications ; AC-DC matrix converter ; virtual space vector ; DC ripple reduction ; microgeneration ; solar energy ; photovoltaic ; crowd funding ; solid-state circuit breaker ; microgrid protection ; DC protection ; SSCB ; short-term load forecasting ; two-stage forecasting model ; combined cooling heating and power ; energy operation plan ; economic analysis ; calculation load ; iterative methods ; fault restoration ; distribution generation ; temporary fault ride-through ; voltage control ; inrush current control ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: In the ancient past, cocoa has been appreciated as a high-calorie food to boost energy in soldiers and for its undefined medicinal and mystical properties. During other times, chocolate has been considered as the forbidden “food of God”: a treasure of pleasure for the mind and the soul. The overall perception of the consumer for chocolate was of a “charming” and appealing food with lots of negative aspects related to high sugar content leading to consider chocolate as “junk food” for its “obesigen” calories. Recently, in association with the renewed interest of nutrition science in alternative source of health-promoting foods and ingredients, a large body of research has been conducted to unravel the pro and cons of cocoa in relation to human health. Epidemiological evidences indicate that cocoa consumption helps preventing cardiovascular disease for its high content in bioactive flavonoids. Clinical trials show that chocolate consumption might improve vascular function, decreasing platelet aggregation and display an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. The putative protective action of cocoa seems to be multi-factorial and involving different aspects of vascular, antioxidant and endothelial function. However, the mechanism(s) that account for the benefits of cocoa it is still unclear. The aim of this Research Topic is therefore to provide the reader with an objective picture of the state of art on the association between cocoa and health, mainly through the evidences of human trials; overwhelmingly considered the golden standard for nutritional science. The Research Topic will cover the analysis of the manufacturing processes of the chocolate and the antioxidant effects in humans as well as the majority of the putative health effects of chocolate and cocoa, such as anti-inflammatory properties, effect on immunity, platelet aggregation, blood pressure, endothelial function and cognitive behavior. Unraveling the functional properties of cocoa will help to understand if the 'food of God' is a primordial gift for the health of mankind.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; TX341-641 ; Antioxidants ; Obesity ; Flavonoids ; Humans ; Chocolate ; Blood pressure ; Inflammation ; Cognitive function ; Cocoa ; Immunity
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint contains fourteen chosen articles on robust design optimization of electrical machines and devices. Optimization is essential for the research and design of electromechanical devices, especially electrical machines. Finding optimal solutions may lead to cheaper and more efficient production of electrical machines. However, optimizing such a complex system as an electrical machine is a computationally expensive optimization problem, where many physical domains should be considered together. However, a good, practical design should be insensitive to parameter changes and the manufacturing tolerances. The collected papers show how modern artificial intelligence (AI) tools can be used for the robust design optimization of electric machines and electrical devices. The articles which are published in this Special Issue present the latest results of current research fields. Hopefully, the presented models and various application fields will provide useful information for researchers and professionals interested in these techniques themselves or who have other problems from different fields.
    Keywords: design optimization ; genetic algorithms ; Taguchi designs ; electromagnetic coupling ; additive manufacturing ; dynamic performance ; equivalent circuit model ; finite-element method ; linear induction motor ; longitudinal end effect ; transverse edge effect ; DLIM ; equivalent circuit ; end effect ; thrust ; finite element ; insulation core transformer ; non-uniformity of disk output voltage ; load regulation ; voltage compensation ; dummy primary winding ; PSO algorithm ; PMSM ; analytical method ; perturbation theory ; torque ; torque ripple ; rotor eccentricity ; optimization ; electrical machines ; finite element method ; nuclear power plant ; thermal degradation ; thermal-mechanical aging ; low-voltage cables ; polymer degradation ; dielectric spectroscopy ; hardness ; hairpin windings ; multi-objective optimizations ; Finite Element Method ; Lumped Parameter Model ; Permanent Magnet Synchronous Reluctance Motor ; rotor flux barrier ; torque development ; Aurivillius phases ; Bi3−xNdxTi1.5W0.5O9 ; activation energy Ea ; Curie temperature TC ; artificial intelligence ; optimization techniques ; self-organizing map ; power quality ; wind generation ; upgraded insulant ; ester oil-based nano fluids ; thermal conductivity ; relative viscosity ; nanoparticles effect ; alternative fluid ; temperature change ; model predictive control ; hysteresis current control ; execution time ; synchronous reluctance motors ; antenna array ; synthesis control ; quantized control ; array factor ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint aims to disseminate the latest research achievements, findings, and ideas in the robotics field, with particular focus on the Italian scenario. It covers a range of topics related to the theory, design, practice, and applications of robots, such as robot design and kinematics, dynamics of robots and multi-body systems, linkages and manipulators, control of robotic systems, trajectory planning and optimization, innovative robots and applications, industrial robotics, collaborative robotics, medical robotics, assistive robotics, and service robotics. The reprints contributions include (but are not limited to) revised and substantially extended versions of selected papers that were presented at the 2nd International Conference of IFToMM, Italy (IFIT 2018).
    Keywords: robotics ; humanoids ; foot mechanism ; prosthetics ; neurorehabilitation ; humanoid robotics ; assistive robotics ; service robotics ; mechanism design ; kinematics ; cable-driven robots ; compliant mechanisms ; underactuated mechanisms ; motion analysis ; workspace ; deburring ; robot ; cutting forces ; compliant mechanism ; manipulator design ; robot kinematics ; synthesis of kinematic structure ; loop chain ; virtual link ; instant center ; multi-degree-of-freedom ; Aronhold–Kennedy theorem ; rescue robotics ; search and rescue ; robot design ; mobile robot ; patient transfer ; casualty extraction ; planar CDPR ; prescribed task ; optimization problem ; multiobjective formulation ; mono-objective formulation ; position control approach ; validated experimentally ; wheelchair upper limb exoskeleton robot ; ADL assistance ; PD control ; dynamic modeling of an upper limb exoskeleton ; trajectory tracking ; wearable exoskeleton ; reconfigurable parallel mechanism (RPM) ; degree-of-freedom (DOF) ; circular guide ; computer-aided design (CAD) modeling ; virtual and physical prototyping ; screw theory ; kinetostatic analysis ; digital twins ; 3D printing technology ; parallel mechanism ; RoboMech ; structural-parametric synthesis ; Chebyshev and least-square approximations ; kinematic analysis ; robotic rehabilitation ; brachial monoparesis ; torque monitoring ; human–robot interaction ; HRI (human–robot interaction) ; Leap Motion ; UR5 ; hand gesture recognition ; pointing gestures ; collaborative robotics ; parallel robot ; non-uniform covering ; optimization ; singularity zones ; link interference ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Currently, the modelling and control of mechatronic and robotic systems is an open and challenging field of investigation in both industry and academia. The book encompasses the kinematic and dynamic modelling, analysis, design, and control of mechatronic and robotic systems, with the scope of improving their performance, as well as simulating and testing novel devices and control architectures. A broad range of disciplines and topics are included, such as robotic manipulation, mobile systems, cable-driven robots, wearable and rehabilitation devices, variable stiffness safety-oriented mechanisms, optimization of robot performance, and energy-saving systems.
    Keywords: bionic mechanism design ; synthesis ; exoskeleton ; finger motion rehabilitation ; super-twisting control law ; robot manipulators ; fast terminal sliding mode control ; semi-active seat suspension ; integrated model ; control ; fuzzy logic-based self-tuning ; PID ; super-twisting ; sliding mode extended state observer ; saturation function ; fuzzy logic ; attenuate disturbance ; pHRI ; variable stiffness actuator ; V2SOM ; friendly cobots ; safety criteria ; human–robot collisions ; underwater vehicle-manipulator system ; motion planning ; coordinated motion control ; inertial delay control ; fuzzy compensator ; extended Kalman filter ; feedback linearization ; CPG ; self-growing network ; quadruped robot ; trot gait ; directional index ; serial robot ; performance evaluation ; kinematics ; hydraulic press ; energy saving ; energy efficiency ; installed power ; processing performance ; space robotics ; planetary surface exploration ; terrain awareness ; mechanics of vehicle–terrain interaction ; vehicle dynamics ; multi-support shaft system vibration control ; combined simulation ; transverse bending vibration ; Smart Spring ; adaptive control ; hydraulics ; differential cylinder ; feedforward ; motion control ; manipulator arm ; trajectory optimization ; “whip-lashing” method ; reduction of cycle time ; trajectory planning ; SolidWorks and MATLAB software applications ; dynamic modeling ; multibody simulation ; robotic lander ; variable radius drum ; impact analysis ; cable-driven parallel robots ; cable-suspended robots ; dynamic workspace ; throwing robots ; casting robot ; redesign ; slider-crank mechanism ; optimization ; synthesis problem ; rehabilitation devices ; six-wheel drive (6WD) ; skid steering ; electric unmanned ground vehicle (EUGV) ; driving force distribution ; vehicle motion control ; maneuverability and stability ; hexapod robot ; path planning ; energy consumption ; cost of transport ; heuristic optimization ; mobile robots ; tractor-trailer ; wheel slip compensation ; gait optimization ; genetic algorithm ; quadrupedal locomotion ; evolutionary programming ; optimal contact forces ; micro aerial vehicles ; visual-based control ; Kalman filter ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: The objective of this book is to publish the most recent technological advancements, and theoretical and practical research outcomes, alongside high-quality literature reviews on wireless power transfer to charge electric vehicles. More substantial research is proposed due to the fast-growing market for electric vehicles, and recent advances in wireless power transfer techniques have the potential to make this technology available for all consumers by overcoming its drawbacks. For instance, one of the major downsides to EVs is the requirement for an automobile to be idle during charging times. This problem can be solved by implementing dynamic wireless power transfer (WPT) with a higher power transfer efficiency (PTE). So, this book endeavors to create a major forum for investigating recent advances and the envisioned future in wireless power transfer for electric vehicles in terms of modeling, design, performance, operation, control, implementation, storage, electric machines, power electronics converters, optimization, cost, charging techniques, and applications. This book provides valuable contributions to the field of electric vehicles: inductive power transfer concepts; airport inductive charging infrastructures; the design of a wireless charging system for an e-bike with grid connection; control of renewables; social, economic, political, and technical factors for dynamic wireless charging; the influence of posture and coil position on the safety of a WPT; double-coil dynamic shielding technology for WPT; reduction in cogging torque in a PM brushless DC motor; and optimal dynamic scheduling of EVs in a parking lot.
    Keywords: charging cost ; dynamic charging ; economics ; electric vehicles ; optimization ; parking lots ; static charging ; PMBLDC motor ; cogging torque ; finite element analysis ; virtual work method ; shifting angle ; electromagnetic field ; wireless power transfer ; shielding ; electric vehicle ; EMF safety ; numerical dosimetry ; wireless charging ; dynamic wireless power transfer ; EV charging infrastructure ; stakeholder engagement ; electric road systems ; system demand ; APF ; power quality ; SRF ; UPC ; VAR ; brushless doubly fed reluctance generator (BDFRG) ; crowbar ; symmetrical fault ; unsymmetrical fault ; wind turbine (WT) ; inductive power transfer ; e-bikes ; forward converter ; dynamic wireless charging ; airport apron ; airport infrastructure planning ; electric busses ; charging automation ; electric vehicles (EVs) ; wireless power transfer (WPT) ; production ; automation ; inductive power transfer (IPT) ; manufacturing ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint is a comprehensive compilation of research on new urban mobility. It contains proprietary, current studies on shared mobility, such as car sharing or scooter sharing in relation to commercial use as part of short-term rental systems or for use by postal services. In addition, it broadly refers to the subject of bicycles and bike-sharing systems. It includes research on professional e-bikes with parameters such as velocity, cadence and power data as well as research on measuring the intensity of bicycle traffic, which can be used to evaluate and improve bike-sharing systems. The reprint provides a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers who are interested in the challenges and opportunities associated with the development of new mobility solutions.
    Keywords: power ; velocity ; cadence ; electric bike ; bicycle computer ; car-sharing ; carsharing ; shared mobility ; multi-criteria decision analysis ; ELECTRE III ; MCDA ; decision making in transport ; transportation engineering ; hydrogen mobility ; zero emission ; green energy ; e-micromobility ; e-scooters ; electric vehicles ; PROSA GDSS ; multi-criteria decision aid ; MCDM ; compromise solution ; micro-mobility ; e-scooter ; postal service ; Poisson regression ; optimization ; energy ; cost ; environment ; bicycle traffic measurement ; vehicle counter ; induction loop ; video recording ; perpendicular radar ; microwave radar ; energy management ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The recovery of solid waste is a challenge and an opportunity for companies, thanks to the ongoing awareness of sustainability and technological advances. The end-of-waste criteria constitute a European strategic goal that promotes recycling in order to ensure a high level of environmental protection by means of reducing the quantity of waste destined for disposal. This Special Issue promotes the knowledge regarding technological methods for solid waste recovery. Articles investigate innovative processing methods with the goal of valorizing solid waste from different civil and industrial activities. Topics includes studies on construction and building, mining, plastics, and WEEE, referring to the treatment techniques used and, where appropriate, the critical raw materials that can be valorized. The recovery processes of critical raw materials can be very energy-intensive, affecting environmental and soil factors. Case studies on sustainable, low-carbon and resource-efficient techniques for the purpose of a more competitive economy were also very welcomed. The environmental impact and safety measures, especially for dangerous waste, should be taken into account in the description of their processing and management.
    Keywords: cathode ray tube ; lead recovery ; lead leaching and electrodeposition ; environmental assessment ; phosphate cements ; calcined dolomite ; quartz sand ; calcined magnesite ; temperature ; K-struvite ; industrial waste ; chromium ; high-performance concrete ; ultra-high-performance concrete ; fibers ; mechanical strength ; alkali-activated cement ; geopolymers ; building materials ; PET ; compressive strength ; water absorption ; WPCBs dismantling ; metals dissolution ; copper recovery ; economic assessment ; process modeling and simulation ; low-temperature processing ; WEEE (waste of electric and electronic equipment) recycling ; materials separation ; process characterization ; SEM/EDS ; torrefaction ; solid fuel ; waste to carbon ; circular economy ; biodegradable materials ; calorific value ; methane fermentation ; biogas ; biomethane ; biochar ; pyrolysis ; hydrothermal carbonization ; biochemical methane potential ; biogas production kinetics ; industrial wastes ; arc furnace slag ; ceramic sludge ; β-wollastonite ; parawollastonite ; porous ceramics ; waste management ; sustainability development ; apple pomace ; active compounds ; extraction ; renewable energy ; anticorrosion agents ; biopolymers ; PCB ; recycling ; metal recovery ; mechanical pre-treatment ; production waste ; rock wool ; glass wool ; loss on ignition ; pollutants washout ; geopolymer ; waste slurry ; flocculation ; solidification ; pipe jacking ; air flow rate ; composting ; municipal solid waste ; monitoring ; optimization ; spatial distributions ; crystallization ; glass–ceramics ; diopside ; anorthite ; by-pass cement ; aluminum dross ; thermodynamic analysis ; kinetics ; hemp stalk ; bio-insulating material ; sustainability ; sound absorbing properties ; thermal absorption properties ; green composite material ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book contains the latest research on machine learning and embedded computing in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). It encompasses research in detection, tracking, LiDAR
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; FPGA ; recurrence plot (RP) ; residual learning ; neural networks ; driver monitoring ; navigation ; depthwise separable convolution ; optimization ; dynamic path-planning algorithms ; object tracking ; sub-region ; cooperative systems ; convolutional neural networks ; DSRC ; VANET ; joystick ; road scene ; convolutional neural network (CNN) ; multi-sensor ; p-norm ; occlusion ; crash injury severity prediction ; deep leaning ; squeeze-and-excitation ; electric vehicles ; perception in challenging conditions ; T-S fuzzy neural network ; total vehicle mass of the front vehicle ; electrocardiogram (ECG) ; communications ; generative adversarial nets ; camera ; adaptive classifier updating ; Vehicle-to-X communications ; convolutional neural network ; predictive ; Geobroadcast ; infinity norm ; urban object detector ; machine learning ; automated-manual transition ; red light-running behaviors ; photoplethysmogram (PPG) ; panoramic image dataset ; parallel architectures ; visual tracking ; autopilot ; ADAS ; kinematic control ; GPU ; road lane detection ; obstacle detection and classification ; Gabor convolution kernel ; autonomous vehicle ; Intelligent Transport Systems ; driving decision-making model ; Gaussian kernel ; autonomous vehicles ; enhanced learning ; ethical and legal factors ; kernel based MIL algorithm ; image inpainting ; fusion ; terrestrial vehicle ; driverless ; drowsiness detection ; map generation ; object detection ; interface ; machine vision ; driving assistance ; blind spot detection ; deep learning ; relative speed ; autonomous driving assistance system ; discriminative correlation filter bank ; recurrent neural network ; emergency decisions ; LiDAR ; real-time object detection ; vehicle dynamics ; path planning ; actuation systems ; maneuver algorithm ; autonomous driving ; smart band ; the emergency situations ; two-wheeled ; support vector machine model ; global region ; biological vision ; automated driving ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: The sensing, adapting, responding, multifunctionality, low energy, small size and weight, ease of forming, and low-cost attributes of smart textiles and their multidisciplinary scope offer numerous end uses in medical, sports and fitness, military, fashion, automotive, aerospace, the built environment, and energy industries. The research and development on these new and high-value materials cross scientific boundaries, redefine material science design and engineering, and enhance quality of life and our environment. “Novel Smart Textiles” is a focused Special Issue that reports the latest research of this field and facilitates dissemination, networking, discussion, and debate.
    Keywords: NX1-820 ; power spectral density ; encapsulation ; spectral analysis ; visual brain ; quasi-static and cyclic mechanical loading ; transmission line ; PEDOT:PSS ; in-line monitoring ; equivalent circuit ; conductivity ; optimization ; Peltier element ; half-textile ; stretchable electronics ; e-textiles ; carbon nanotextiles ; wearable ; motion sensor ; electric properties ; metal flake ; durability ; stitch-based sensors ; energy harvesting ; metamaterials ; black-box ; smart textiles ; conductive thread ; stiffness ; life-time expectancy ; woven textiles ; visual response ; carbon nanomaterials ; skin-electrode impedance ; biofunctional textiles ; motion tracking ; fabric ; microencapsulation ; thermal textile pixels ; hybrid electrodes ; textile-based stretch sensors ; SMART pattern-changing fabric ; conductive textiles ; smart fabrics ; targeted delivery ; event-related potential (ERP) ; wearables ; analytical model ; split ring resonator ; textile electrode ; composites ; pattern effect ; nanofiber mat ; polymeric composites ; reduced graphene oxide ; EMS textiles ; carbon nanotubes ; electrospinning ; electrically conductive textiles ; psychotextiles ; polymers ; art and design ; parameter identification ; surface area evaluation ; thermal textile pixel ; mechanical and electrical properties ; textile sensors ; multifunctional ; coating ; wearable stretch sensor ; thermal communication ; non-auditory and nonvisual communication ; ECG ; grey-box ; dye-sensitized solar cell ; embroidered e-textiles ; electromagnetic shielding effectiveness ; textile/polymer composite ; stitch structure ; drug-delivery ; biofunctional ; polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ; thermal conductivity ; dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) ; smart textile ; electrospun solar cells ; e-textile ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Water is a vital element for life and the environment. Water pollution has been documented as a contributor to a wide range of health problems. In recent years, the water quality levels have suffered great deterioration because of rapid social and economic development and because it is used to “dump” a wide range of pollutants.This book entitled “Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment” contains featured research papers dealing with recent developments and advances in all aspects related to membranes for water and wastewater treatment: membrane processes, combined processes (including one membrane step), modified membranes, new materials, and the possibility to reduce fouling and to improve the efficiency of enhanced processes. The papers compiled in this Special Issue can be read as a response to the current needs and challenges in membrane development for water and wastewater treatment.Half of the research articles correspond to concrete and practical applications of the use of membrane processes in different fields of the industry, with the aim of treating and conditioning water and wastewater. The studies reveal the treatment of industrial streams, mining, recycled paper industry, olive mill, urban wastewater, etc. Another important percentage of studies are related to membrane modification processes, with the aim of obtaining new materials with better performance in the separation processes, thus describing the use of membranes modified with chitosan, nanoparticles, and other organic compounds. This field also includes studies related to fouling and its modeling.
    Keywords: aquaporin ; forward osmosis (FO) ; membrane ; scaling ; calcium ; post-treatment ; nanofiltration ; calcium-carboxyl intra-bridging ; water purification ; desalination ; ultrafiltration ; membrane fouling ; fouling model ; surface water ; coagulation ; backwash ; polyamide membrane ; carbon nitride ; seawater desalination ; mixed matrix membranes ; thin film composite ; diffusion dialysis ; anion exchange membrane ; acid recovery ; paper mill treated effluent ; optimization ; fouling ; DoE ; Taguchi method ; fouling development model ; filtration law ; pore blocking ; multiple linear regression ; statistical test ; WWTP ; renovation and upgrading ; ultrafiltration membrane ; net present value ; biofouling ; polyethersulfone ; chlorine ; membrane modification ; low-fouling surface ; anaerobic membrane bioreactor ; temperature ; membrane fouling behavior ; sludge flocs characteristics ; soluble microbial product ; extracellular polymeric substance ; DSPM model ; heavy metals ; total volume membrane charge density ; ceramic membrane ; membrane surface modification ; antifouling ; hydrophilicity ; mussel-inspired ; protein ; sulfonic cation-exchange membrane ; hydration number ; pulsed field gradient NMR ; diffusion coefficient ; ionic conductivity ; membrane module modeling ; calcium sulfate precipitation risk ; ionic rejection coefficients ; quorum sensing ; acyl homoserine lactone ; olive mill wastewater ; membrane separation process ; microfiltration ; reverse osmosis ; water recovery ; chitosan ; water content ; water permeability ; alkali treatment ; characterization ; dyes ; molecular structure ; physico-chemical properties ; filter water bag ; Dioscorea hispida ; starch ; forward osmosis membrane ; glutaraldehyde ; emergency ; cobalt(II) ; supported liquid membranes ; ultrasound ; D2EHPA ; counter-transport ; transport parameters ; modeling ; thiocyanate ; wastewater treatment ; process design ; antibiotics ; antibiotic resistance genes ; viral genomes ; wastewater effluents ; occurrence ; pilot-scale treatment ; selective separation ; ion-exchange resin ; wafer-enhanced electrodeionization ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Catalysts are widely used in a great variety of technologies, providing remarkable efficiency in order to address sustainable energy production, climate change challenges, and to reduce industrial emissions. In the framework of the Environmental Catalysis section promoted by the Catalysts Editorial Office, this Special Issue, entitled “Environmental Friendly Catalysts for Energy and Pollution Control Applications”, comprises novel studies representing the state-of-the-art research for efficient energy generation and industrial emission control based on new environmentally friendly catalyst materials (EFCs). In particular, in this Special Issue (SI), different kinds of catalysts are presented for catalytic solutions, including the reduction of NOx emissions (new zeolite catalyst modified with Pt), the elimination of volatile organic compounds (Co3O4@SiO2 and acidic surface transformed natural zeolite) and the removal of SO2 emissions (through adsorption processes with sodium citrate). Moreover, novel biocatalysts for bioanodes and new functional nanostructured catalysts based on metal–organic framework (MOFs) for different applications are also included. Additionally, articles compiled in this SI are also focused on the improvement of catalytic processes. Thus, selected processes based on activated carbons (modified with titanium dioxide) and optimized Fenton processes for the removal of aqueous organic pollutants or for the inactivation of bacteria are also presented.
    Keywords: photocatalysis ; organic wastewater ; preparation method ; degradation ; characterizations ; hybridization ; exoelectrogen ; biocatalyst ; microenvironment ; porous electrode ; anaerobic ; recalcitrant compounds ; E. coli K12 ; methylene blue ; optimization ; Pareto chart ; perturbation graph ; Pt-based promoter ; CO oxidation ; environmental catalysis ; refinery compliance ; fluid catalytic cracking ; FCC ; sodium citrate ; sodium humate ; SO2 ; absorption ; BaQD ; carbamazepine ; ferric coordination complex ; photo-Fenton ; turbidity ; cyanide ; activated carbon ; titanium dioxide ; composites ; continuous flow ; adsorption ; catalytic ozonation ; Lewis and Brønsted acid sites ; natural zeolite ; reaction mechanism ; toluene ; three-phase modelling ; fixed-bed reactor ; wastewater treatment ; phenol ; granular activated carbon ; Ad/Ox ; volatile organic compounds ; core–shell structures ; spherical polymer templates ; Co3O4 ; Pd-based promoter ; NOx emission ; metal–organic frameworks ; heterogeneous catalysis ; carbon dioxide ; biomass ; hydrogenation ; oxidation ; Fisher-Tropsch ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: The Special Issue presents valuable information on the perspective of using cereals/pseudocereal grains, vegetable byproducts, or flour processed by applying various techniques in baked goods and pasta products. At the same time, this Special Issue reveals the experience of authors regarding the use of plants’ ingredients as a valuable strategy to improve the nutritional profile of food products, contributing to the reduction in nutrient deficiencies, or to make products for special nutrition such as low-sodium or gluten-free ones. The quality of the raw materials, the processing techniques, and the potential of certain vegetable byproducts from fruits or oilseeds represent key aspects for obtaining qualitatively enhanced food products. Furthermore, current approaches to diversify the range of bakery and pasta products which offer health benefits to consumers are also presented in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: quinoa ; millet ; sorghum ; rice ; gluten-free bread ; rapeseed press cake ; fats ; biscuits ; antioxidant capacity ; sensory analysis ; consumer acceptance ; response surface methodology ; buckwheat flour ; dough rheology ; particle size ; optimization ; wheat flour ; salt reduction ; legislative recommendations ; bread making ; salt replacement ; bread quality ; pomace ; peel ; rheology ; bread properties ; roasted flaxseed flour ; GC/MS ; aroma ; antioxidant activity ; sensory evaluation ; fiber ; macro and microelements ; grape peels ; heat-moisture treatment ; pasta ; functional ingredients ; wholegrain flour ; wholemeal flour ; milling technology ; granulation ; starch damage ; germination ; lentil ; soybean ; microstructure ; ascorbic acid ; bread ; dough ; farinograph ; rosehip powder ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This SI presents the latest achievements, challenges and prospects for drives, actuators, sensors, controls and robot navigation with reverse validation and applications in the field of industrial automation and robotics. Automation, supported by robotics, can effectively speed up and improve production. The industrialization of complex mechatronic components, especially robots, requires a large number of special processes already in the pre-production stage provided by modelling and simulation. This area of research from the very beginning includes drives, process technology, actuators, sensors, control systems and all connections in mechatronic systems. Automation and robotics form broad-spectrum areas of research, which are tightly interconnected. To reduce costs in the pre-production stage and to reduce production preparation time, it is necessary to solve complex tasks in the form of simulation with the use of standard software products and new technologies that allow, for example, machine vision and other imaging tools to examine new physical contexts, dependencies and connections.
    Keywords: underground robots ; automation in mines ; remote control ; autonomous underground machinery ; robotic manipulator ; identification ; calibration ; Jacobian ; workcell layout detection ; QR code detection ; adaptive thresholding ; finder pattern ; perspective transformation ; smart buildings ; shared sensory system ; surveillance system ; localization ; marker detection ; manipulation ; design ; analytical calculation ; numerical analysis ; manipulation platform ; 3D deformable object ; grasping ; robust manipulation ; robot hand ; Matlab ; CoppeliaSim Edu ; V-Rep ; SolidWorks ; kinematics ; inverse kinematics (IK) ; manufacturing technology ; modular robots ; coordinate transformation ; industrial robot ; renishaw Ballbar QC20–W ; positional analysis ; measurement ; visual semantic SLAM ; semantic segmentation ; FPGA ; hardware acceleration ; mobile robots ; automated machining ; milling strategies ; geometrical tolerances ; assisted assembly ; mixed reality ; collaborative robot ; digital twin ; convolutional neural networks ; planar robotic arm ; pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) ; gravity test ; dynamic model ; validation ; optimization ; trust region algorithm ; chimney ; cleaning ; in-pipe robot ; pneumatic actuator ; simulation ; pre-identification ; least squares method ; instrumental variable method ; robotics ; sensor ; antagonistic system ; pneumatic artificial muscles ; function ; model ; trajectory planning method ; hexapod robots ; legged robots ; triangle gait ; automation ; drives ; actuators ; sensors ; diagnostics ; holography ; virtual instrumentation ; control systems ; robot navigation ; reverse validation ; trajectory control ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 75
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book is a contribution from the authors, to share solutions for a better and sustainable power grid. Renewable energy, smart grid security and smart energy management are the main topics discussed in this book.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; programmable appliances ; energy management system ; MILP ; sensitivity analysis ; simulation ; development demand ; meta heuristic techniques ; feedback ; patent analysis ; optimization ; scenario planning ; micro grids ; solar generation ; IEC 61499 ; distributed energy management algorithm ; technology adoption ; ToU tariff ; photovoltaic power ; seawater pumped storage ; peak reduction ; planning ; K-modes clustering ; Gaussian process regression ; multilayer perceptron neural network ; economic feasibility analysis ; EnergyPlus ; intruder detection system ; occupant behavior ; HOMER ; smart grid security ; D strategy ; smart energy ; IEC 61850 ; cyberattacks ; semantic web technologies ; renewable energy sources ; optimal power flows ; forecasting ; heuristic ; households ; machine learning ; micro grid ; support vector machine ; comprehensive evaluation ; electricity charge discount program ; model driven architecture ; sustainable smart grid technology ; rules ; daily consumption curve ; genetic algorithm ; renewable energy ; combined dispatch (CD) strategy ; scheduling ; technology acceptance ; electric vehicle charging technology ; energy consumption ; ontology ; theories of social practice ; R&amp ; unbalanced three-phase distribution networks ; game theory ; sustainability ; distributed generation ; energy storage system ; energy and water consumption ; active distribution networks ; policy effectiveness evaluation ; peak/off-peak ; differentiation ; graph theory ; D planning ; data mining ; values ; optimal power flow ; Smart Grid Station ; Korean Time Use Survey ; smart grid architecture model ; single-person household ; holomorphic embedding load flow method ; storage device ; smart grid ; smart metering ; engineering support ; two-stage ; net present cost (NPC) ; nash equilibrium ; STEEP analysis ; electrical distribution system ; solar power generation prediction ; storage capacity ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 76
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: A total of 30 articles have been published in this special issue, and it consists of 27 research papers, 2 technical notes, and 1 review paper. A total of 104 authors from 9 countries including Korea, Spain, Taiwan, USA, Finland, China, Slovenia, the Netherlands, and Germany participated in writing and submitting very excellent papers that were finally published after the review process had been conducted according to very strict standards. Among the published papers, 13 papers directly addressed words such as sustainable, life cycle assessment (LCA) and CO2, and 17 papers indirectly dealt with energy and CO2 reduction effects. Among the published papers, there are 6 papers dealing with construction technology, but a majority, 24 papers deal with management techniques. The authors of the published papers used various analysis techniques to obtain the suggested solutions for each topic. Listed by key techniques, various techniques such as Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the Taguchi method, machine learning including Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), regression analysis, Strength–Weakness–Opportunity–Threat (SWOT), system dynamics, simulation and modeling, Building Information Model (BIM) with schedule, and graph and data analysis after experiments and observations are identified.
    Keywords: circular foundation pit ; construction monitoring ; numerical simulation ; underground continuous wall ; reinforced concrete ; precast concrete double wall ; retaining wall ; lateral pressure ; lateral bending ; settlement ; artificial neural network ; liquefaction ; building information modeling ; drone ; LIDAR ; point cloud ; progress tracking ; school buildings ; system dynamics ; deterioration ; rehabilitation ; lifecycle cost analysis ; budget allocation ; natural disaster ; risk management ; accommodations ; operations and maintenance ; lifecycle cost ; disaster management ; inter-floor noise ; multi-dwelling houses ; smartphone application ; real-time monitoring system ; agent-based simulation ; space service quality ; efficient operation ; musculoskeletal disorders ; construction workers ; muscle stress ; standard Nordic questionnaire ; awkward posture ; simulation ; rebar work ; cutting waste ; minimization ; sustainable construction ; CO2 emission ; cutting stock problem ; 5D building information modeling ; agile project organization ; schedule/cost reliability ; degree of protection ; impact damage ; blast wave ; sustainable design consideration ; elasto-plastic design ; climate change ; typhoon ; catastrophe model ; typhoon vulnerability function ; risk analysis ; air permeability ; watertightness ; airtightness ; infiltration ; aluminium window frames ; natural hazard ; power system failure ; in-situ production ; environmental loads ; CO2 emission reduction ; life cycle assessment ; optimization model ; elevator ; noise ; vibration ; construction management ; high-rise residential building ; free-form building ; free-form concrete panel ; aluminum powder ; composite PCM mold ; social capital ; living environment ; living infrastructure ; soft infrastructure ; living social overhead capital ; inclusive growth ; inclusive city ; sustainable construction management ; tower crane accident reduction ; priority of tower crane accident causes ; sustainable development ; global sustainability ; scientific infrastructures ; Post-COVID-19 Scenario ; modeling ; building stock development ; mortality of building stock ; residential buildings ; public buildings ; commercial buildings ; paper sludge ash ; deinking sludge ; paper industry ; backfill material ; occupational safety and health expenses ; construction safety ; safety cost expenditures ; apartment construction ; ground beam ; LCA ; prefabrication ; vibro-pile ; eurocode ; precast prestressed concrete pile ; continuous flight auger pile ; eco-costs ; economic ; LCA (life cycle assessment) ; earth-retaining wall ; excavation ; environment load ; environment cost ; bid price volatility ; uncertainty in bid documents ; pre-bid clarification document ; machine learning (ML), classification model ; public project ; sustainable project management ; stone sludge ; lightweight aggregates ; controlled low-strength materials ; Taguchi method ; rebar cutting waste ; optimization ; structural work ; systematic literature review ; management performance evaluation indicators (MAPEIs) for small construction firms ; AHP ; key performance indicators (KPIs) ; corporation management ; small construction firms ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 77
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: Machining remains one of the most important manufacturing processes in the metalworking industry. Studies on this process have investigated the machinability of different materials, the behaviour of tools, chip formation, surface integrity, forces involved, and its economic and environmental sustainability. New materials are constantly being developed, and machining research needs to closely follow these developments. This book examines recent research in the machining field, covering several aspects and presenting very interesting developments in this area of knowledge.
    Keywords: magnesium alloy ; UNS M11917 ; AZ91D ; hole repair ; surface roughness ; dry drilling ; re-drilling ; thin plates ; thin-wall ; machining ; aluminium ; cutting forces ; roughness ; dry ; carbide tool ; Haynes 282 ; finishing turning ; UNS A97075 ; dry turning ; surface integrity ; straightness ; parallelism ; roundness ; concentricity ; circular run-out ; total run-out ; cylindricity ; tool edge preparation ; segmented chip ; machining simulation ; burr ; optimization ; turning process ; turning tools ; solid tools ; cemented carbide ; coated tools ; coated cemented carbide ; Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) ; Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) ; multilayered coatings ; nanolayered coatings ; wear mechanism ; tool life ; minimum quantity Lubricant (MQL) ; cutting energy ; tool damage ; liquid nitrogen ; carbon dioxide snow ; vibrations ; part quality ; flexible vacuum fixture ; AA2024 floor milling ; chip segmentation ; damage modeling ; dynamic strain aging ; stainless steel ; Ca treatment ; machinability ; turning ; chip breakability ; weight distribution ; non-metallic inclusions ; AWJM (abrasive water jet machining) ; CFRTP (carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics) ; hybrid structure ; surface quality ; Ra ; Rz ; C/TPU (carbon/thermoplastic polyurethane) ; milling ; tool coating ; TiAlN ; TiAlN-based coatings ; multilayer ; nanolayer ; wear mechanisms ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 78
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: To mark the recent advances in nanomaterials and nanotechnology in biomedical imaging and cancer therapy, this book, entitled Application of Nanomaterials in Biomedical Imaging and Cancer Therapy includes a collection of important nanomaterial studies on medical imaging and therapy. The book covers recent works on hyperthermia, external beam radiotherapy, MRI-guided radiotherapy, immunotherapy, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy, as well as medical imaging, including high-contrast and deep-tissue imaging, quantum sensing, super-resolution microscopy, and three-dimensional correlative light and electron microscopy. The significant research results and findings explored in this work are expected to help students, researchers and teachers working in the field of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in biomedical physics, to keep pace with the rapid development and the applications of nanomaterials in precise imaging and targeted therapy.
    Keywords: nanoparticles ; anisotropy ; plasmonic photothermal therapy ; surface plasmon resonance ; light scattering ; cancer treatment ; drug release ; microgels ; gold nanorods ; cancer therapy ; photothermal therapy ; photoacoustic imaging ; lung cancer ; EGFR-targeting ; nanoparticle ; cancer ; immunotherapy ; pH-responsive ; drug delivery ; application ; biomedical imaging ; correlative microscopy ; 3D CLEM ; volume imaging ; NIR-triggered ; photothermal agent ; deep tissue ; upconversion nanoparticles ; silica-coated UCNPs ; bio-imaging ; bio-application ; gold nanoparticles ; spiky nanoparticles ; phototheranostics ; colon cancer cells ; NIR triggering ; gold nanoparticle ; nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy ; MR-guided radiotherapy ; DNA damage ; Monte Carlo simulation ; dose enhancement ; magnetic field ; phototherapy ; photodynamic therapy ; Co-Fe ferrite nanoparticles ; magnetic hyperthermia ; specific loss power ; optimization ; alternative therapy ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: This book proposes a stochastic simulation process as an efficient approach to consumption simulation. The process complements the explicit transient analysis. Thereby, it takes into account statistically evaluated vehicle and route data and calculates a probability distribution of the energy savings which can be achieved by specific measures.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; Stochastische Simulation ; Energiemanagement ; Energiebilanzierung ; optimization ; Optimierungstochastic simulation ; development method ; energy management ; energy balance ; Entwicklungsmethodik ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: German
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book contains 17 chapters providing details on decision tools that use linear programming to determine recommendations specific to a farmer's context intended to maximize profit from fertilizer use in sub-saharan Africa. Chapter 1 and 2 discusses the principles and approach, and spatial analysis of fertilizer use optimization, respectively. Chapter 3 covers integrated soil fertility management in sub-Saharan Africa. Further, Chapters 4 to 16 explore optimizing fertilizer use within an integrated soil fertility management framework in countries in sub-Saharan Africa, including: Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. Finally, Chapter 17 describes the process of enabling fertilizer use optimization in sub-Saharan Africa.
    Keywords: SB1-1110 ; S1-972 ; profitability ; Nyasaland ; Least Developed Countries ; fertilisers ; linear programming ; application rates ; Mozambique ; optimization ; Malawi ; Mali ; ACP Countries ; Nigeria ; Abyssinia ; Community of Portuguese Language Countries ; profits ; Commonwealth of Nations ; fertilizers ; Bourkina Fasso ; Niger ; Rwanda ; Tanzania ; Africa ; Ghana ; Zambia ; soil fertility ; Kenya ; Tanganyika ; Portuguese Speaking Africa ; Africa South of Sahara ; Burkina Faso ; West Africa ; SADC Countries ; Southern Africa ; Francophone Africa ; subsaharan Africa ; Uganda ; Developing Countries ; Anglophone Africa ; Ethiopia ; East Africa ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVK Agronomy and crop production ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere::RBGB Sedimentology and pedology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVB Agricultural science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has found many applications in the past decade due to the ever increasing computing power. Artificial Neural Networks are inspired in the brain structure and consist in the interconnection of artificial neurons through artificial synapses. Training these systems requires huge amounts of data and, after the network is trained, it can recognize unforeseen data and provide useful information. The so-called Spiking Neural Networks behave similarly to how the brain functions and are very energy efficient. Up to this moment, both spiking and conventional neural networks have been implemented in software programs running on conventional computing units. However, this approach requires high computing power, a large physical space and is energy inefficient. Thus, there is an increasing interest in developing AI tools directly implemented in hardware. The first hardware demonstrations have been based on CMOS circuits for neurons and specific communication protocols for synapses. However, to further increase training speed and energy efficiency while decreasing system size, the combination of CMOS neurons with memristor synapses is being explored. The memristor is a resistor with memory which behaves similarly to biological synapses. This book explores the state-of-the-art of neuromorphic circuits implementing neural networks with memristors for AI applications.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; graphene oxide ; artificial neural network ; simulation ; neural networks ; STDP ; neuromorphics ; spiking neural network ; artificial intelligence ; hierarchical temporal memory ; synaptic weight ; optimization ; transistor-like devices ; multiscale modeling ; memristor crossbar ; spike-timing-dependent plasticity ; memristor-CMOS hybrid circuit ; pavlov ; wire resistance ; AI ; neocortex ; synapse ; character recognition ; resistive switching ; electronic synapses ; defect-tolerant spatial pooling ; emulator ; compact model ; deep learning networks ; artificial synapse ; circuit design ; memristors ; neuromorphic engineering ; memristive devices ; OxRAM ; neural network hardware ; sensory and hippocampal responses ; neuromorphic hardware ; boost-factor adjustment ; RRAM ; variability ; Flash memories ; neuromorphic ; reinforcement learning ; laser ; memristor ; hardware-based deep learning ICs ; temporal pooling ; self-organization maps ; crossbar array ; pattern recognition ; strongly correlated oxides ; vertical RRAM ; autocovariance ; neuromorphic computing ; synaptic device ; cortical neurons ; time series modeling ; spiking neural networks ; neuromorphic systems ; synaptic plasticity ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    KIT Scientific Publishing | KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: In this work a process simulation model identifies the most profitable German biogas plant types and sizes. Small manure and large-scale biowaste plants are currently the most economically attractive installations whereas the valorization of energy crops turns out to be unprofitable. Future developments are assessed with the help of a regional optimization model under constraints. Capacity expansion concerns small-scale manure and biowaste installations rather than plants based on energy crops.
    Keywords: Biogas ; Simulation ; Optimierung ; Szenarien ; simulation ; optimization ; scenarios ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Optimization is considered as a decision-making process for getting the most out of available resources for the best attainable results. Many real-world problems are multi-objective or multi-attribute problems that naturally involve several competing objectives that need to be optimized simultaneously, while respecting some constraints or involving selection among feasible discrete alternatives. In this Reprint of the Special Issue, 19 research papers co-authored by 88 researchers from 14 different countries explore aspects of multi-objective or multi-attribute modeling and optimization in crisp or uncertain environments by suggesting multiple-attribute decision-making (MADM) and multi-objective decision-making (MODM) approaches. The papers elaborate upon the approaches of state-of-the-art case studies in selected areas of applications related to sustainable development decision aiding in engineering and management, including construction, transportation, infrastructure development, production, and organization management.
    Keywords: QA75.5-76.95 ; T58.5-58.64 ; artificial neural network ; sustainability hierarchy ; expert ; Rough Hamy aggregator ; sustainable solution ; crank–slider ; technology selection problem ; AHP ; bus pass ; optimization ; discrete time/cost trade-off ; Rough WASPAS ; hybrid multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) ; travel times ; extended Tomada de Decisão Interativa Multicritério (TODIM) ; bi-level programming ; multi-objective evolutionary algorithms ; project scheduling ; WASPAS ; port scheduling ; rehydration ; sustainable transport policy ; gold mines ; hybrid mathematical model ; sustainable developments ; straw bales ; group decision making ; contractor ; Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (TISM) ; MULTIMOORA ; building investment project ; heuristics ; cleaner production (CP) ; particle swarm optimization (PSO) ; optimization study ; critical information infrastructures ; bi-objective optimization ; dynamic analysis ; location-allocation problem ; probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) ; drying ; multiple objective optimization ; multi-objective decision-making (MODM) ; ranking ; hierarchical SWARA ; choice ; linguistic hesitant fuzzy set and Standard variance ; multiple-attribute decision-making (MADM) ; project ; sustainable energy evaluation ; emission of pollutants ; genetic algorithm ; ARAS-G ; multi-purpose system ; renewable energy ; assessment ; hospital evaluation ; bat algorithm ; multiple-criteria decision-making ; comfort of use of buildings ; energy efficiency ; healthcare facility ; conceptual framework ; hybrid expert system ; engineering ; sustainability ; verbal analysis ; sustainable energy developments ; sustainable development ; hybrid ; public transport ; water resource management ; compacted clay ; multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) ; MCDM ; particle swarm optimization algorithm ; sustainable traffic ; single-cylinder engine ; Rough BWM ; policy measures ; apple ; clay blocks ; historic buildings ; hesitant fuzzy set ; construction ; TOPSIS-GM ; roundabout ; fuzzy ; sustainable transport ; surface transport ; grey ; Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) ; WSM ; ecological building ; management ; Geomean ; SWARA ; vibration suppression ; organizations ; innovation in transport ; risk ; berth-quay crane joint scheduling ; cost calculation ; multiple criteria decision aid ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Standalone (off-grid) renewable energy systems supply electricity in places where there is no access to a standard electrical grid. These systems may include photovoltaic generators, wind turbines, hydro turbines or any other renewable electrical generator. Usually, this kind of system includes electricity storage (commonly lead-acid batteries, but also other types of storage can be used). In some cases, a backup generator (usually powered by fossil fuel, diesel or gasoline) is part of the hybrid system. The modelling of the components, the control of the system and the simulation of the performance of the whole system are necessary to evaluate the system technically and economically. The optimization of the sizing and/or the control is also an important task in this kind of system.
    Keywords: renewable energy ; low-temperature energy storage ; SOC ; simulation ; sustainability ; greenhouse gas emission ; economic feasibility ; photovoltaic systems ; MPPT ; partial shading condition ; transfer reinforcement learning ; space decomposition ; microgrids ; energy management ; optimization ; photovoltaic ; energy storage ; demand response program (DRP) ; photovoltaic system (PV) ; pumped heat energy storage (PHES) ; critical peak pricing (CPP) DRP ; time-ahead dynamic pricing (TADP) DRP ; loss of power supply probability (LPSP) ; energy storage system (ESS) ; Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) ; pitch control ; permanent magnet-synchronous generator (PMSG) ; limit extracted power ; nonlinear adaptive control (NAC) ; perturbation observer ; vanadium redox flow battery ; genetic algorithm ; binary particle swarm optimization ; time-varying mirrored S-shaped transfer function ; greenhouse gas emissions ; heliostat ; sun tracking ; solar energy ; embedded system ; fuzzy logic control ; center of sums defuzzification method ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 85
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This book reprints articles from the Special Issue "Advances in Computer-Aided Technology" published online in the open-access journal Machines (ISSN 2075-1702). This book consists of thirteen published articles. This Special Issue belongs to the "Mechatronic and Intelligent Machines" section. Industry 4.0 is characterized by the integration of advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and cloud computing, into traditional manufacturing and production processes. CAx (Computer-Aided Systems) systems are a set of computer software tools used in engineering and product design, covering various stages of the product development cycle. Advanced CAx tools combine many different aspects of product lifecycle management (PLM), including design, finite element analysis (FEA), manufacturing, production planning and product. In connection with the transition to Industry 4.0 concepts, the concept of the digital twin comes to the fore, and existing CAx systems must adapt to this trend. The Special Issue deals with a number of research areas, such as: - New trends in CAx systems; Digital manufacturing; Internet of Things in manufacturing; Simulation of production systems and processes; Systems for advanced finite element analysis; Material engineering; Digitization and 3D scanning.
    Keywords: tensor glyph ; golden section ; vector space ; sandwich ; springback ; Vegter yield criterion ; numerical simulation ; PAM-STAMP 2G ; isotropic hardening law ; kinematic hardening law ; bending ; Bauschinger effect ; machine learning ; artificial neural network ; additive manufacturing ; high precision metrology ; CAD ; predictive model ; ship hull structure ; computer-aided design of structure ; database ; function soft block ; gun drill tool ; deep-drilling technology ; optimization ; tool life ; angle ; digital implant impression ; interimplant distance ; intraoral scanner ; trueness ; sewing machine ; needle bar ; floating needle ; electromagnet ; electromagnetic simulation ; noise reduction ; cycloidal gearbox ; friction ; actuator ; servomotor ; permanent magnet synchronous machine ; fixture design ; machining ; sustainable manufacturing ; process innovation ; complex-shape part ; signal processing ; monitoring system ; laser profiler ; surface roughness ; quality assessment ; non-contact method ; vision-based method ; frequency analysis ; abrasive water jet ; wood plastic composite ; natural reinforcement ; knitting machine ; stroke ; drive ; simulation ; cylinder ; dynamic modeling ; load spectrum reconstruction ; fatigue test ; hydraulic excavator ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 86
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book is a compilation of works covering applied mathematical methods and their applications in complex engineering problems. The methods covered in this book include modeling and simulation, computation, analysis, control, optimization, data science, and machine learning. The engineering application topics include but are not limited to environmental engineering, cybersecurity, transportation, agriculture, smart grid, and next-generation manufacturing.
    Keywords: Phoronomics ; mechanics ; kinetics ; kinematics ; direction cosines ; Euler angles ; space dynamics ; digital computation ; control systems ; control engineering ; industrial cyber-physical systems ; cyber-attacks ; neural network ; model predictive control ; nonlinear chemical processes ; network classification ; network evolution ; network symmetries ; Green’s symmetry problem ; network invariants ; network internal dynamics ; symmetry ensembles ; propensities ; energy ; opening capability ; security ; smart grid ; group signature ; anonymous signature ; autonomous vehicle ; target detection ; multi-sensors ; fusion ; YOLO ; linear response eigenvalue problem ; block methods ; weighted Golub-Kahan-Lanczos algorithm ; convergence analysis ; thick restart ; mining vibrating screen ; theoretical rigid body model ; spring failures diagnosis ; amplitudes change ; real-time optimization ; nonlinear processes ; process control ; chemical reactor control ; distillation column control ; energy-based control ; payload swing attenuation ; linear matrix inequalities ; quadrotor ; larger Lipschitz constants ; comparative advantage ; transaction cost ; specialized production ; infra-marginal model ; agricultural division of labor ; velocity-slip ; temperature-jump ; homotopy analysis method ; nanofluids ; power-law fluids ; state estimation ; parameter estimation ; moving horizon estimation ; extended kalman filter ; ensemble kalman filter ; richards equation ; agro-hydrological systems ; economic model predictive control ; chemical processes ; responsive control ; artificial intelligence ; interpretability ; controller verification ; seashore soft soil ; cement ; sulfuric acid erosion ; stress–strain behavior ; mathematical model ; Micro Grid ; optimization theory ; optimization ; MATLAB simulation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 87
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Most papers published in this Special Issue of Mathematics are written by the participants of the XXXVI International Seminar on Stability Problems for Stochastic Models, 21­25 June, 2021, Petrozavodsk, Russia. The scope of the seminar embraces the following topics: Limit theorems and stability problems; Asymptotic theory of stochastic processes; Stable distributions and processes; Asymptotic statistics; Discrete probability models; Characterization of probability distributions; Insurance and financial mathematics; Applied statistics; Queueing theory; and other fields. This Special Issue contains 12 papers by specialists who represent 6 countries: Belarus, France, Hungary, India, Italy, and Russia.
    Keywords: inhomogeneous continuous-time Markov chain ; weak ergodicity ; rate of convergence ; sharp bounds ; differential inequalities ; forward Kolmogorov system ; prefetching ; optimization ; Markov decision processes ; random trees ; Galton–Watson ; capacitance ; dirichlet boundary value problem ; monte carlo method ; unbiased estimator ; von-neumann-ulam scheme ; network evolution ; random graph ; multi-type branching process ; continuous-time branching process ; 2- and 3-interactions ; Malthusian parameter ; Poisson process ; life-length ; extinction ; queuing system ; elastic traffic ; inpatient claim ; non-stationary intensity ; convergence analysis ; bounds on the rate of convergence ; wireless network ; file transfer ; daily traffic profile ; blocking probability ; continuous-time ehrenfest model ; first-passage time densities ; proportional intensity functions ; asymptotic behaviors ; multi-server queueing model ; rating ; self-sufficient servers ; self-checkout ; assistants ; multi-dimensional Markov chains ; retrial queue ; negative customers ; resource heterogeneous queue ; asymptotic analysis ; discrete time functional filter ; optimal unbiased estimation ; steady state ; equilibrium arrivals ; one-server queueing system ; orbit ; retrials ; limit theorem ; sum of independent random variables ; random sum ; asymptotic expansion ; asymptotic deficiency ; kurtosis ; parameter estimation ; gamma-exponential distribution ; mixed distributions ; generalized gamma distribution ; generalized beta distribution ; method of moments ; cumulants ; asymptotic normality ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability & statistics
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  • 88
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This volume deals with recent advances in and applications of computational intelligence and advanced machine learning methods in power systems, heating and cooling systems, and gas transportation systems. The optimal coordinated dispatch of the multi-energy microgrids with renewable generation and storage control using advanced numerical methods is discussed. Forecasting models are designed for electrical insulator faults, the health of the battery, electrical insulator faults, wind speed and power, PV output power and transformer oil test parameters. The loads balance algorithm for an offshore wind farm is proposed. The information security problems in the energy internet are analyzed and attacked using information transmission contemporary models, based on blockchain technology. This book will be of interest, not only to electrical engineers, but also to applied mathematicians who are looking for novel challenging problems to focus on.
    Keywords: vacuum tank degasser ; rule extraction ; extreme learning machine ; classification and regression trees ; wind power: wind speed: T–S fuzzy model: forecasting ; linearization ; machine learning ; photovoltaic output power forecasting ; hybrid interval forecasting ; relevance vector machine ; sample entropy ; ensemble empirical mode decomposition ; high permeability renewable energy ; blockchain technology ; energy router ; QoS index of energy flow ; MOPSO algorithm ; scheduling optimization ; Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System ; insulator fault forecast ; wavelet packets ; time series forecasting ; power quality ; harmonic parameter ; harmonic responsibility ; monitoring data without phase angle ; parameter estimation ; blockchain ; energy internet ; information security ; forecasting ; clustering ; energy systems ; classification ; integrated energy system ; risk assessment ; component accident set ; vulnerability ; hybrid AC/DC power system ; stochastic optimization ; renewable energy source ; Volterra models ; wind turbine ; maintenance ; fatigue ; power control ; offshore wind farm ; Interfacial tension ; transformer oil parameters ; harmonic impedance ; traction network ; harmonic impedance identification ; linear regression model ; data evolution mechanism ; cast-resin transformers ; abnormal defects ; partial discharge ; pattern recognition ; hierarchical clustering ; decision tree ; industrial mathematics ; inverse problems ; intelligent control ; artificial intelligence ; energy management system ; smart microgrid ; optimization ; Volterra equations ; energy storage ; load leveling ; cyber-physical systems ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 89
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint covers the following topics in the field of smart grids: 1. Optimal dg location and sizing to minimize losses and improve the voltage profile using garra rufa optimization. 2. Solar and wind energy forecasting for the green and intelligent migration of traditional energy sources. 3. Optimized micro-grid’s operation with electrical-vehicle-based hybridized sustainable algorithm. 4. The detection of nontechnical losses in smart meters using a MLP-GRU deep model and augmenting data via theft attacks. 5. A hybrid deep-learning-based model for the detection of electricity losses using big data in power systems. 6. Load frequency control and automatic voltage regulation in a multi-area interconnected power system using nature-inspired computation-based control methodology. 7. Line overload alleviations in wind energy integrated power systems using automatic generation control. 8. Electric price and load forecasting using a CNN-based ensembler in a smart grid. 9. Day-ahead energy forecasting in a smart grid considering the demand response and microgrids. 10. A dragonfly optimization algorithm for extracting the maximum power of grid-interfaced pv systems. 11. An economic load dispatch problem with multiple fuels and valve point effects using a hybrid genetic–artificial fish swarm algorithm. 12. Incentive-based dynamic pricing in a smart grid.
    Keywords: demand side management ; demand response ; load scheduling ; real time pricing ; genetic algorithm ; dynamic incentives ; artificial fish swarm algorithm ; economic load dispatch ; hybrid genetic–artificial fish swarm algorithm ; multi-objective optimization ; sustainable power generating system ; photovoltaic (PV) ; partial shading ; maximum power point tracking (MPPT) ; dragonfly optimization algorithm (DOA) ; adaptive cuckoo search optimization (ACSO) ; fruit fly optimization algorithm combined with general regression neural network (FFO-GRNN) ; improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) ; voltage source inverter (VSI) ; total harmonic distortion (THD) ; energy optimization ; day ahead energy prediction ; artificial neural network ; renewable energy sources ; microgrid ; smart grid ; electricity price forecasting ; energy management ; electricity load forecasting ; convolutional neural network ; corona virus herd immunity optimization ; sustainable cities ; requirement-gathering tool ; qualitative comparison ; requirement engineering ; software engineering ; requirement-management tools ; automatic generation control ; wind energy ; transmission line security ; dispatch strategies ; Pakistan power system ; PI-PD controller ; load frequency control ; automatic voltage regulator ; nature-inspired optimization ; multi-area interconnected power system ; class imbalance ; gated recurrent units ; electricity theft detection ; non-technical losses ; smart grids ; deep learning ; GRU ; healthcare ; MLP ; PRECON ; smart cities ; smart meters ; sustainable society ; electric vehicles ; flexible load ; optimization ; renewable energy ; forecasting ; machine learning ; energy efficiency ; sustainability ; low carbon emission ; distribution generation ; Garra Rufa ptimization ; PSO ; GA ; power system ; urban sustainability ; local growth ; regional cities ; cultural heritage ; real estate ; intelligent regions ; innovation systems ; circular economy ; regional policies ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 90
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: The development of modern numerical methods has led to significant advances in the field of fatigue and fracture, which are pivotal issues in structural integrity. Because of the permanent tendency to shorten time-to-market periods and the development cost, the use of the finite element method, extended finite element method, peridynamics, or meshless methods, among others, has represented a viable alternative to experimental methods. This Special Issue aims to focus on the new trends in computational methods to address fatigue and fracture problems. Research on innovative and successful industrial applications as well as on nonconventional numerical approaches is also addressed.
    Keywords: finite element method ; Taguchi method ; tooth surface contact stress ; tooth profile deviations ; meshing errors ; lead crowning modifications ; critical load ; fracture ; tubular cantilever beam ; U-notch ; theory of critical distances ; LEFM ; mesh density ; mixed mode stress intensity factors ; fatigue crack growth ; FEM ; fatigue failure ; design flaws ; mechanical system ; parametric ALT ; hinge kit system ; XFEM ; ANSYS mechanical ; smart crack growth ; stress intensity factors ; fatigue life prediction ; gears ; Single Tooth Bending Fatigue ; STBF ; Finite Element Model ; material characterization ; multiaxial fatigue ; critical plane ; metal casting ; mold design ; simulation ; optimization ; fatigue life ; reliability ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 91
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book comprises components associated with smart water which aims at the exploitation and building of more sustainable and technological water networks towards the water–energy nexus and system efficiency. The implementation of modeling frameworks for measuring the performance based on a set of relevant indicators and data applications and model interfaces provides better support for decisions towards greater sustainability and more flexible and safer solutions. The hydraulic, management, and structural models represent the most effective and viable way to predict the behavior of the water networks under a wide range of conditions of demand and system failures. The knowledge of reliable parameters is crucial to develop approach models and, therefore, positive decisions in real time to be implemented in smart water systems. On the other hand, the models of operation in real-time optimization allow us to extend decisions to smart water systems in order to improve the efficiency of the water network and ensure more reliable and flexible operations, maximizing cost, environmental, and social savings associated with losses or failures. The data obtained in real time instantly update the network model towards digital water models, showing the characteristic parameters of pumps, valves, pressures, and flows, as well as hours of operation towards the lowest operating costs, in order to meet the requirement objectives for an efficient system.
    Keywords: seismic reliability ; water distribution system ; optimal layout ; Anytown network ; water network expansion ; water network capacity ; intermittent water supply ; theoretical maximum flow ; system setting curve ; demand estimation ; Kalman filter ; node grouping ; genetic algorithm ; smart water ; water-energy nexus ; energy efficiency ; sustainable water management ; energy recovering ; design criteria ; structure analysis ; suspended pipelines ; finite element method (FEM) ; SWMM Toolkit ; sewer system ; design ; optimization ; micro-hydropower ; water supply networks ; energy potential ; tubular propeller turbine ; energy recovery ; urban flooding ; centralized reservoir ; decentralized reservoir ; cooperative operation ; most stringent water resources management ; initial provincial water rights ; dynamic projection pursuit ; energy saving ; Pump As Turbine (PAT) ; PAT and pump system (P&amp ; P) ; pumping ; water hammer ; air vessel sizing ; energy storage ; dynamic behavior ; CAES ; irrigation water networks ; renewable energy ; sustainability and efficiency ; hydropower solutions ; water management ; air-water ; air pocket ; air valve ; hydraulic model ; pipeline ; emptying ; water supply ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Catalytic oxidation or reduction processes are among the most efficient processes for water and wastewater treatment. These include photocatalysis, sulfate and hydroxyl-radical-based advanced oxidation processes.This Special Issue contains the contributions of different research groups and discusses the recent progress and advances in catalytic processes in water and wastewater treatment.
    Keywords: photocatalytic degradation ; graphene quantum dots ; nanocomposites ; free radical generation ; post-processing modification ; surface-engineered biochar ; dye removal ; machine learning ; artificial neural network ; photocatalysis ; sodium persulfate ; antibiotics ; water treatment ; hybrid system ; water matrix ; MTBE ; arsenic ; Fe2O3/MgO catalyst ; AOP ; modeling ; optimization ; Auramine O ; basic dye ; titania nanoparticle ; mechanism ; CuS nanostructures ; heterojunctions ; organic pollutants ; wastewater treatment ; water purification ; ZnO nanostructures ; hydrothermal synthesis ; seedless ; building materials ; synthetic dyes ; anionic–anionic co-doping ; BaTiO3 ; Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HSE06) ; photocatalytic water splitting ; TiO2 ; photocatalysts ; photodegradation ; methylene blue ; methyl green ; g-C3N4 ; pharmaceuticals ; amisulpride ; reactive species ; transformation products ; ecotoxicity ; biochar ; sulfamethoxazole ; persulfate ; electron transfer ; psychiatric drugs ; hospital wastewaters ; solar photocatalysis ; 1MoS2/g-C3N4 ; CNTs ; Ag2S ; cadmium ; adsorption ; alizarin yellow R ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 93
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book focuses on the design of polymeric delivery systems for biomedical and nanomedicine applications as well as on understanding how such biomaterials interact in the physiological environment. The reader will find an encompassing view on the state-of-the-art of polymeric carriers, showing how current research deals with new stimuli-responsive systems for cancer therapies and biomedical challenges, namely overcoming the skin barrier. The published papers cover topics ranging from novel production methods and insights on hybrid polymers to applications as diverse as nanoparticles, hydrogels and microneedles for antifungal skin therapy, peptide and siRNA delivery, enhanced skin absorption of bioactive molecules, and anticancer therapy. The book comprises one review paper and nine research papers.
    Keywords: osteoarthritis ; monosodium iodoacetate ; p47phox ; PLGA nanoparticles ; reactive oxygen species ; full factorial design ; optimization ; metronidazole ; nanocomposites ; sodium alginate ; chitosan ; PLGA ; hybrid polymers ; chitosan-PLGA polymer ; NMR ; DSC ; FT-IR ; covalent drug conjugation ; therapeutic nanodevice ; polymeric nanoparticles ; cancer therapy ; controlled drug delivery ; redox responsive PEG-block-PLA ; nanocarriers ; disulfide bond ; controlled release ; retinol ; nanosponge ; hydrogel ; Box–Behnken design ; pharmacokinetic ; terbinafine hydrogel ; niacinamide ; polyethene glycol (PEG) 400 ; solvent ; dermal delivery ; finite dose ; porcine skin ; dissolving microneedles ; multiple sclerosis ; PLP ; transdermal delivery ; tyrosol ; nanoparticles ; Design of Experiment (DoE) ; β cyclodextrin ; DNA binding ; glyconanoparticles ; immunotherapy ; infectious diseases ; mannose receptors ; nutraceuticals ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 94
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Marine power systems have been designed to be a safer alternative to stationary plants in order to adhere to the regulations of classification societies. Marine steam boilers recently achieved 10 MPa pressure, in comparison to stationary plants, where a typical boiler pressure of 17 MPa was the standard for years. The latest land-based, ultra-supercritical steam boilers reach 25 MPa pressure and 620 °C temperatures, which increases plant efficiency and reduces fuel consumption. There is little chance that such a plant concept could be applied to ships. The reliability of marine power systems has to be higher due to the lack of available spare parts and services that are available for shore power systems. Some systems are still very expensive and are not able to be widely utilized for commercial merchant fleets such as COGAS, mainly due to the high cost of gas turbines. Submarine vehicles are also part of marine power systems, which have to be reliable and accurate in their operation due to their distant control centers. Materials that are used in marine environments are prone to faster corrosive wear, so special care also should be taken in this regard. The main aim of this Special Issue is to discuss the options and possibilities of utilizing energy in a more economical way, taking into account the reliability of such a system in operation.
    Keywords: atmospheric drain tank ; energy analysis ; exergy analysis ; optimization ; marine propulsion ; propulsion failure ; propulsion failure analysis ; mechanical failure ; LNG tanker ; combined cycle ; propulsion main engine ; marine diesel engine ; split injection ; fuel consumption ; NOx emissions ; exergy destruction ; exergy efficiency ; marine steam turbine ; MLP neural network ; turbine cylinders ; reliability ; fault tree analysis ; failure diagnosis ; diesel engine turbocharger ; maintenance ; underwater vehicle ; isolation ; flexible foundation ; vibration mitigation ; CODLAG ; data-driven modelling ; genetic programming ; decay state coefficients ; submarine cable ; hydraulic jet ; jet parameter ; operation efficiency ; trigeneration energy system ; cogeneration ; absorption cooling ; heating and cooling output ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 95
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: The delicate balance of resource intensity and efficiency of a solution for a very complex problem raises the issue of how these aspects constitute a symmetrical or asymmetrical system. Computational Intelligence (CI) offers a plethora of efficient tools for the potential and rather good quality solution of highly complex, often mathematically intractable problems. This "toolbox" is one of the best examples for the study of the above mentioned issue, namely, how to find the best balance, how to establish a symmetry of weights or costs in a particular field, for a particular problem. This special issue presents a number of interesting novel applications of CI for the tackling of a wide variety of difficult problems. The Introduction gives a short insight into the symmetry and asymmetry aspect of the topic.
    Keywords: lung nodule segmentation ; 3D-UNet ; 3D-Res2UNet ; multi-scale features ; deep learning ; butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA) ; particle swarm optimization (PSO) ; cubic map ; nonlinear ; high dimension ; extensional fuzzy numbers ; MI-algebras ; similarity ; arithmetics of fuzzy numbers ; orderings ; fuzzy interpolation ; economic data ; air defense system ; artificial immune system ; command and control ; learning classifier system ; multi-agent systems ; weapon-target assignment ; energy optimization ; genetic algorithms ; multi-objective optimization ; artificial neural network simulator ; artificial intelligence ; artificial bee colony algorithm ; global optimization ; neural network ; nonlinear static system ; behavioural finance ; imprecision ; oriented fuzzy number ; oriented present value ; oriented return ; S-divergence ; S-distance ; spectral clustering ; text summarization ; recurrent neural network ; embedding ; dynamic memory network ; fuzzy-rough cognitive network ; fuzzy cognitive map ; granular computing ; fuzzy-rough sets ; stability ; convergence ; discrete bacterial memetic evolutionary algorithm ; simulated annealing ; flow shop scheduling problem ; global sensitivity analysis ; Sobol procedure ; fast algorithm ; convolutional neural network ; structure reduction ; pruning ; quality ; feature selection ; machine learning ; asexual ; genetic algorithm ; android malicious application detection ; bees algorithm ; training deep neural networks ; metaheuristics ; opinion mining ; recurrent neural networks ; sentiment classification ; natural language processing ; data augmentation ; fine-tuning ; generative models ; StyleGAN ; transfer learning ; present value ; discount factor ; portfolio ; finance ; optimization ; tourist trip design ; vehicle routing ; key performance indicator (KPI) ; anomaly detection ; variational auto-encoder (VAE) ; support vector data description (SVDD) ; FMEA ; Fuzzy Logic ; greenhouse gases ; blockchain ; difficulty adjustment ; proof-of-work ; ANN ; AlexNet ; COVID-19 ; TSA ; commonsense ; knowledge graph ; linguistic terms ; language models ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This eBook comprises s series of original research and review articles dealing with the anatomical, genetic, and physiological organization of the auditory system from humans to monkeys and mice.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; audition ; monkeys ; gens ; translational ; Humans ; Rodents ; Memory ; Perception ; Physiology ; functional imaging ; Anatomy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 97
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This book is about JIDOKA, a Japanese management technique coined by Toyota that consists of imbuing machines with human intelligence. The purpose of this compilation of research articles is to show industrial leaders innovative cases of digitization of value creation processes that have allowed them to improve their performance in a sustainable way. This book shows several applications of JIDOKA in the quest towards an integration of human and AI within Industry 4.0 Cyber Physical Manufacturing Systems. From the use of artificial intelligence to advanced mathematical models or quantum computing, all paths are valid to advance in the process of human–machine integration.
    Keywords: healthy operator 4.0 ; human–cyber–physical system ; industrial internet of things ; industry 4.0 ; smart workplaces ; EEG sensors ; manufacturing systems ; shopfloor management ; machine learning ; deep learning ; reference architecture model ; interoperability ; digital twin ; distributed ledger technology ; GDPR ; RAMI 4.0 ; LASFA ; quantum computing ; strategic organizational design ; Industry 4.0 ; complex networks ; cyber-physical systems ; lean management systems ; quantum strategic organizational design ; quantum circuits ; quantum simulation ; JIDOKA ; Operator 4.0 ; process variability ; integration explaining variability ; quantum approximate optimization algorithm ; value–stream networks ; optimization ; maintenance interval ; maintenance model ; semi-Markov process ; right-censored data ; finite horizon ; maintenance cost ; Cyber-Physical Systems ; Lean Manufacturing ; Directed Acyclic Graphs ; scikit-learn ; pipegraph ; machine learning models ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 98
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: This Special Issue, entitled "Women in Artificial Intelligence" includes 17 papers from leading women scientists. The papers cover a broad scope of research areas within Artificial Intelligence, including machine learning, perception, reasoning or planning, among others. The papers have applications to relevant fields, such as human health, finance, or education. It is worth noting that the Issue includes three papers that deal with different aspects of gender bias in Artificial Intelligence. All the papers have a woman as the first author. We can proudly say that these women are from countries worldwide, such as France, Czech Republic, United Kingdom, Australia, Bangladesh, Yemen, Romania, India, Cuba, Bangladesh and Spain. In conclusion, apart from its intrinsic scientific value as a Special Issue, combining interesting research works, this Special Issue intends to increase the invisibility of women in AI, showing where they are, what they do, and how they contribute to developments in Artificial Intelligence from their different places, positions, research branches and application fields. We planned to issue this book on the on Ada Lovelace Day (11/10/2022), a date internationally dedicated to the first computer programmer, a woman who had to fight the gender difficulties of her times, in the XIX century. We also thank the publisher for making this possible, thus allowing for this book to become a part of the international activities dedicated to celebrating the value of women in ICT all over the world. With this book, we want to pay homage to all the women that contributed over the years to the field of AI.
    Keywords: artificial intelligence ; computer-aided diagnosis ; computed tomography ; lung cancer ; deep learning ; lung nodule detection ; lung nodule segmentation ; convolutional neural network ; cellular automaton ; reconstruction ; complexity ; optimization ; high energy physics ; Reddit ; user-based model ; polarization ; local search optimization ; hate speech ; hate spread ; countermeasures ; social networks ; opinion diffusion ; education ; deferring hate content ; cyber activism ; classical Arabic ; short vowels ; audio dataset ; convolutional neural networks ; regularization ; machine learning ; segmentation ; clustering ; forecasting ; book copies ; publishing industry ; gamification ; adaptive gamification ; player types ; computational finance ; fuzzy logic ; membership function ; Type-1 fuzzy sets ; T1FLS ; Type-2 fuzzy sets ; T2FLS ; women ; research ; CURE ; hierarchical clustering ; cluster validity indices ; Calinski–Harabasz index ; bootstrapping ; Industry 4.0 ; 3D printing ; cognitive states ; mental workload ; EEG analysis ; neural networks ; multimodal data fusion ; peer assessment ; multiagent system ; probabilistic model ; comparative analysis ; Bayesian network ; Artificial Intelligence ; urban water cycle ; hydrosocial urban cycle ; urban political ecology ; gender gap ; equity ; explainable AI ; fuzzy rules ; dominance-based rough set approach ; diabetic retinopathy ; AI ; disease surveillance ; pandemics ; global public health ; ethics ; data ; missing datasets ; data-driven studies ; women in artificial intelligence ; women in data science ; women in STEM ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 99
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    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Hot-electron bolometers are fast and low noise radiation detectors which can be used for many different applications. The aim of this work was to optimize the fabrication process of hot-electron bolometers and gain a deeper understanding of the underlying processes. To achieve this, the fabrication of the superconducting thin films was optimized and the superconducting properties of the films were analyzed. Detectors fabricated using the results showed a record value for the noise temperature.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; noise temperature ; superconductivity ; THz detector ; optimization ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 100
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The human body poses various biological barriers to protect itself from pathogens, foreign materials and is important for its functioning and development. This reprint serves as a collection of research and review articles describing novel approaches and new therapeutic modalities to overcome biological barriers. This collection is a must read for scientists working in the field of drug and vaccine delivery.
    Keywords: blood-brain barrier ; integrity marker ; sorbitol ; positron emission tomography ; focused ultrasound ; zolmitriptan ; intranasal ; bilosomes ; sodium deoxycholate ; mucoadhesive gel ; brain targeting ; blood–brain barrier ; drug formulation ; drug hybrids ; intra-arterial delivery ; intracranial malignancies ; intranasal delivery ; monoterpene ; monoterpenoid ; NEO100 ; carbomer hydrogel ; whitening agents ; enhancers ; enhancement site and mechanism ; drug release and permeation ; inhaled drug delivery ; prodrug ; liposome formulation ; propofol ; micelle ; DSPE mPEG2k ; Solutol HS 15 ; diclofenac ; optimization ; pharmacokinetic ; pharmacodynamic study ; long acting ; sustained delivery ; biologics ; silica microparticles ; exosome ; brain delivery ; BBB crossing ; transcytosis ; peptide-drug conjugates ; blood–placental barrier ; Zika virus ; BBB shuttles ; porphyrins ; antivirals ; epidermal growth factor receptor ; non-small cell lung cancer ; Lamin B2 ; AMPK ; Osimertinib ; RNA seq ; proteomics ; RT-PCR ; blood–brain tumor barrier ; permeabilization ; brain tumors ; primary central nervous system lymphoma ; tumor necrosis factor-alpha ; targeted delivery ; vascular targeting ; CD13 ; TNF ; TNF receptors ; NGR-TNF ; polyamidoamine dendrimers ; diabetic retinopathy ; protein kinase C-β inhibitor ; nanoparticles ; ruboxistaurin ; blood brain barrier ; electropermanent magnet ; magnetic resonance imaging ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
    Language: English
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