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  • Articles  (312)
  • Ecology
  • crystal structure
  • Natural Sciences in General  (296)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (16)
  • Political Science  (1)
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  • Articles  (312)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of sociological data in the allocation of common property resources - A comparison of practices
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Marine Policy 9 (1985), S. 39-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-597X
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Marine resources
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0308-597X(85)90078-8
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restructuring food for corporate profit: The corporate genetics of Cargill and Monsanto (1999)
    Springer
    Agriculture and human values 16 (1999), S. 161-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8366
    Keywords: Biotechnology ; Culture ; Dependency ; Ecology ; Food systems ; Organism ; Restructuring ; Seeds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract It is important to talk about corporations as a class, about trade agreements, and about government policy; but without examining specific examples of how real corporations actually shape the world to suit their purposes, we stand little chance of understanding the determinative forces behind government policy and trade agreements, and even less chance of affecting them. This article uses the metaphor of “genetics” (inherent character) to examine two major transnational corporations operating at the extremes of restructuring life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007586710282
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of crystalline native celluloses using potential energy calculations (1994)
    Springer
    Cellulose 1 (1994), S. 161-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-882X
    Keywords: cellulose I ; molecular mechanics ; crystal structure ; molecular ; modelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Energies for various trial packing arrangements of unit cells for the Iα and Iβ phases of native cellulose discovered by Sugiyamaet al. were evaluated. Both a rigid-ring method, PLMR, and the full-optimization, molecular mechanics program, MM3(90), were used. For both phases the models that had the lowest PLMR energy also had the lowest MM3 energy. Both calculated models have the chains packed ‘up’, O6s intg positions, and the same sheets of hydrogen-bonded chains. The Iβ structure model is essentially identical to that proposed previously for ramie cellulose by Woodcock and Sarko. It is also the same as the best parallel model previously proposed that was based on the X-ray data of Mann, Gonzalez and Wellard, once the various unit cell conventions are considered. Also, the energies from both methods for all three celluloses, Iα, Iβ and II, are in the order that rationalizes their relative stabilites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00819665
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Voucher specimens: A way to protect the value of your research (1990)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 9 (1990), S. 93-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Voucher specimens ; Biology ; Ecology ; Taxonomy ; Soil animals ; Soil biologist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Voucher specimens ensure that the identity of organisms studied in the field or in laboratory experiments can be verified, and ensure that new species concepts can be applied to past research. Guidelines on the collection, preparation, and deposition of voucher specimens and means of referral to them are given. Type specimens and the nomenclature of species names are briefly described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335789
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting growth and nodulation ofHippophaë rhamnoides L. ssp.Rhamnoides in soils from two successional stages of dune formation (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 63 (1981), S. 317-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Actinorhizas ; Ecology ; Gamma irradiation ; Hippophaë rhamnoides ; Longidorus ; Nematode ; Nodulation ; Root nodules ; Soil sterilization ; Succession
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary To explain the decline of Hippophaë scrub in the vegetation succession in the dunes of The Netherlands, the growth and nodulation of Hippophaë plants grown in pots, using soil from an early stage (site AH) and a post-optimum stage (site HP), were investigated. In HP-soil nodulation, yield, and the nitrogen and phosphorus content of test plants were always lower and the number of necrotic nodules and the dry matter content were always higher than in AH-soil, even after inoculation with crushed nodules and the addition of a nutrient solution. Plants in HP-soil also had darker roots, less root hairs, a higher number of short lateral roots and a higher percentage of dead roots than those in AH-soil. These characteristics of adverse growth conditions disappeared upon ignition or gamma-irradiation of HP-soil. Possible explanations of these results are discussed. The degeneration of Hippophaë scrub cannot be ascribed to the age of the plants, the absence of sufficient infective endophyte particles or to abiotic factors such as unfavourable physical (particle size) or chemical soil conditions but is caused by biotic factors. No indications were obtained that plant-pathogenic fungi and bacteria are involved. HP-soil in contrast to AH-soil, however, contained large numbers of the nematodeLongidorus sp., a species known to cause root deformations. The conclusion was that this nematode is one of the biotic factors involved in the degeneration of the Hippophaë scrub. This degeneration is due to a restriction of the root system resulting in a low phosphate uptake, a low nodulation capacity and, as a consequence, a low nitrogen content. The results demonstrate that biotic soil factors are important in influencing succession in higher plant communities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370033
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frankia growth and activity as influenced by water potential (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 69 (1982), S. 293-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Ecology ; Frankia ; Nitrogen fixation ; Water potential
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Growth responses of Frankia isolates to decreasing water potential were monitored in systems where potentials were controlled by KCl, NaCl and Polyethylene glycol. The highest potential tested was −2 bar (basal medium). The general pattern emerging was that isolates fromAlnus glutinosa, A. viridis andComptonia peregrina showed declining growth at potentials below −2 to −5 bar. AMyrica gale isolate showed declining growth with decreasing potential. All isolates were more sensitive to decreases in potential in a matric controlled than an osmotic controlled system. They all showed approximately 50 percent growth reduction at −5 to −8 bar, and meagre growth at −16 bar after 35 days. The Comptonia isolate was the most vigorous at low potentials. Nitrogen fixation ability was monitored for two isolates. Highest specific activities were observed between −3 and −5 bar for the Myrica isolate and between −5 and −7.5 bar for theA. glutinosa isolate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374525
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nematodes (Longidorus sp. andTylenchorhynchus microphasmis loof) in growth and nodulation of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 73 (1983), S. 141-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Actinorhizas ; (Actinomycetes) ; Ecology ; Hippophaë ; (Mystiflora: Elaeagnaceae) ; Longidorus ; (Nematoda: Longidoridae) ; Nodulation ; Soil ; sterization ; Vegetational succession ; Tylenchorhynchus (Nematoda: Tylenchrohynchidae)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Hippophaë rhamnoides seedlings were grown in sterilized and unsterilized soil from a decliningH. rhamnoides scrub, to which different numbers ofLongidorus sp. andTylenchorhynchus microphasmis were added. In sterilized and unsterilized soil, retardation of growth, content of dry matter in the shoots, and incidence of deformed short lateral roots of test plants were positively correlated with counts of both nematode species. Nitrogen content in the shoots, nodulation on the roots of test plants and increase increase in nematodes were negatively correlated with the initial number of both nematode species in sterilized soil. In unsterilized soil, an unknown biotic factor was present that reduces growth ofH. rhamnoides, nodulation and multiplication of the nematodes. This factor seems to interact with the nematodes in reducing growth ofH. rhamnoides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197763
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of crop rotation and fertilization on catalase activity in a soil of the southeastern United States (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 69 (1982), S. 97-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Catalase ; Ecology ; Fertilizers ; H2O2∶H2O2 oxidoreductase ; Rhizosphere effects ; Soil enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Catalase activity of a loamy sand under a 3-year crop rotation in the southeastern U.S.A. was monitored. Corn (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were the summer crops in the rotation. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was planted after corn, and soybean was followed by a winter fallow period. Cotton was followed by a mixture of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum Gibelli & Belli) which was eventually plow-incorporated as a green manure. Highest mean catalase activities were recorded in soil under the wheat, soybean, and winter legume crops; lowest activities were found in soil bearing corn and cotton, and during the winter fallow period. The fertilization regime influenced soil catalase activity independently of the crop. Soil deficient in any of the major elements showed low enzyme activity. Highest activity was found in soil fertilized with P and K, and with N supplied by a winter legume crop. Addition of supplementary mineral nitrogen to this regime reduced catalase activity. Elimination of the winter legume crop from an otherwise complete fertilization regime resulted in a drastic reduction in enzyme activity. In soil receiving a complete fertilization regime there was a close correlation between soil catalase and xylanase activities. A similar correlation between these two enzymes was not found in soil receiving incomplete fertilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185708
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The determination of soil chitinase activity: Conditions for assay and ecological studies (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 75 (1983), S. 95-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Chitin ; Chitinase ; Chitinglycanohydrolase ; E. C. 3.2.1.14 ; Ecology ; Fertilizers ; Rhizosphere effects ; Soil enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Chitinase activity was determined by incubating a mixture of toluene-treated soil with 1% (w/w) colloidal chitin suspension for 18 h at 37°C and then, after dilution, assaying the amount of N-acetyl-glucosamine released. Maximal chitinase activity was observed at 45°C and optimal pH for enzymatic reaction was 5.0–5.5. Soil chitinase activity decreased with increasing soil depth and was significantly affected by crop cover and fertilization regime. Chitin added to soil stimulated chitinase activity. Enzyme activity was correlated with the soil fungal population but not with numbers of actinomycetes or bacteria. A specialized mycoflora was associated with chitin decomposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02178617
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics of salt tolerance in higher plants: theoretical and practical considerations (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 89 (1985), S. 199-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Ecology ; Genetics ; Physiology ; Salt tolerance ; Tomato species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An interdisciplinary approach to breeding for stress tolerance in plants has gained considerable recognition in the past few years. Accordingly, this article presents a synthesis of the genetic, physiological, and ecological aspects of salt tolerance in plants. An understanding of these aspects and the interrelationships between them is essential for an efficient breeding program. A significant part of the presentation concentrates on the basic problems associated with the genetics of tolerance to stresses and of quantitative characters in general, since many of the unsolved problems relevant to the genetics of salt tolerance are still general. Significant progress in the breeding of quantitative as well as qualitative traits in multicellular organisms depends on an understanding of the genetic and epigenetic dimensions of gene action. The discussion therefore includes an overview of (1) the limited existing knowledge on the genetic control of salt tolerance and (2) the physiological mechanisms and molecular targets central to the control of salt resistance as expressed by the amount and stability of yield. An additional subject emphasized here concerns the main strategies of adaptation of wild species to their natural habitats. An understanding of them is essential to (1) enable distinction between traits that can increase agricultural yield and traits that are favorable only for survival under natural conditions (such a distinction is essential, especially when wild species are used as a gene source), and (2) predict the best combinations of characters for efficient agricultural production in stressful environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182243
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