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  • Articles  (175)
  • Civil and Mechanical Engineering  (154)
  • optimization  (22)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying  (175)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rehabilitation and replacement of water distribution system components considering uncertainties (1990)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 4 (1990), S. 277-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Water distribution ; optimization ; nonlinear programming ; integer programming ; chance constraints ; rehabilation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents the mathematical development of an integer — nonlinear programming chance — constrained optimization model for the minimum cost rehabilitation/replacement of water distribution system components. Particular attention is given to the handling of uncertainties in the roughness factors and the loading conditions including both the random demand and preassure head requirements. The advantages of the proposed model include the ability to: 1) handle the optimal timing of rehabilitation/replacement for water distribution system components; 2) link a mixed-integer linear program solver, a nonlinear program solver, and a hydraulic simulator into an optimization framework; 3) handle the uncertainties of some of the variables; 4) incorporate various kinds of cost functions; and 5) handle multiple loading conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01544082
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Entropy principles in the prediction of water quality values at discontinued monitoring stations (1994)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 8 (1994), S. 301-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Change ; discontinued stations ; entropy ; networks ; optimization ; prediction ; unbiased ; water quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A new methodology for predicting water quality values at discontinued water quality monitoring stations is proposed. The method is based upon the Principle of Maximum Entropy (POME) and provides unbiased predictions of water quality levels at upstream tributaries and on the mainstem of a river given observed changes in the distribution of the same water quality parameter at a downstream location. Changes in the values of water quality parameters which are known a priori to have occurred upstream, but which are not sufficiently large to account for all the observed change in the same water quality parameter at the downstream location are able to be incorporated in the method through the introduction of a new term in the basic entropy expression. Application of the procedure to water quality monitoring on the Mackenzie River in Queensland, Australia indicates the method has considerable potential for prediction of water quality at discontinued stations. The method also has potential for identifying the location of causes of observed changes in water quality at a downstream station.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01588759
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cost-effective compliance with life safety codes (1996)
    Springer
    Fire technology 32 (1996), S. 291-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: Building codes ; building economics ; economic analysis ; fire safety ; health care facilities ; hospitals ; life safety codes ; linear programming ; mathematical programming ; optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract ALARM is personal computer software that helps building managers and fire safety engineers achieve cost-effective compliance with the widely used NFPA 101,Life Safety Code ®. The software currently supports health-care occupancy analysis. Through the equivalency provision of the code,ALARM implements a goal-oriented, or performance-based, approach to code compliance. The software generates a set of alternative code compliance strategies and their estimated construction costs. Engineering judgment is then applied to select the most appropriate code compliance strategy based on both cost and design considerations. The software offers a code-compliance optimizer, a comprehensive file manager, and a full-screen data editor. Since 1981, the optimization method used inALARM has been field-tested in 89 hospitals (17,898 beds). For this sample, the least-cost solution identified by the software was, on average, 41 percent less expensive than the prescriptive solution. This represents a potential cost savings of $2,116 per bed or more than $37 million. Future versions ofALARM could address other building occupancies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01037739
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On Solving Aquifer Management Problems with Simulated Annealing Algorithms (1999)
    Springer
    Water resources management 13 (1999), S. 153-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Aquifer management ; infrastructure location ; least-cost design and operation ; optimization ; simulated annealing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Aquifer systems play an essential role in meeting the ever increasing use of water for different purposes. Proper design and management of such systems should therefore be a very important matter of concern, not only to ensure that water will be available in adequate quantity (and quality) to satisfy demands but also to guarantee that this would be done in an optimal manner. This paper presents a model serving to define which water supply structures (especially pumping equipment and pipes) should be installed in order to minimize the sum of set-up costs and operation costs while satisfying demands, using a heuristic approach based on simulated annealing. Annealing algorithms are random local search optimization algorithms that allow, at least in theory and in probability, the determination of a global optimum of a (possibly constrained) function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008149626428
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model for real-time optimal flood control operation of a reservoir system (1990)
    Springer
    Water resources management 4 (1990), S. 21-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Flood control ; unsteady flow ; reservoir operation ; optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract A methodology and model have been developed for the real-time optimal flood operation of river-reservoir systems. This methodology is based upon combining a nonlinear programming model with a flood-routing simulation model within an optimal control framework. The generalized reduced gradient code GRG2 is used to perform the nonlinear optimization and the simulator is the U.S. National Wheather Service DWOPER code. Application of the model is illustrated through a case study of Lake Travis on the Lower Colorado River in Texas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429923
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reservoir operation policies for optimizing energy generation at the Shiroro Dam (1988)
    Springer
    Water resources management 2 (1988), S. 209-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Hydroelectric power ; operating policy ; optimization ; probabilistic dynamic programming ; Shiroro Dam
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Reservoir water release policies are computed for the Shiroro Dam hydroelectric power scheme in Northern Nigeria, using a probabilistic dynamic programming model. The state variable is the reservoir storage volume, while the uncertain nature of the inflow process is accounted for in the model by considering different possible inflow volumes and their inflow probabilities. Simulation of the reservoir operations with the derived policies show that on the average the hydrosystem has acceptable reliability when two units are in use, at 45% design power plant factor. At 70% power plant factor, which is the desired optimum for the power system in Nigeria, system failures are frequent and, in most cases, severe. For normal operation of the Shiroro Dam hydroelectric power system, two or three generating units, running at 40–50% power plant factor is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429902
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A sensitivity analysis and parametric study for the evaluation of the optimal management of a contaminated aquifer (1994)
    Springer
    Water resources management 8 (1994), S. 11-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Aquifer contamination ; groundwater quality management ; sensitivity analysis ; parametric study ; optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract A typical groundwater remedation problem is studied by using a combined simulation-optimization model. The management procedure employs groundwater flow and contaminant transport simulation models in conjunction with linear and quadratic programming techniques. The methodology is applied to the hydrodynamic control of a contaminant plume that has to be stabilized and removed by a system of pumping wells. The paper focuses mainly upon a sensitivity analysis to the aquifer transmissivity. The effect of changes in the transmissivities of a zoned aquifer upon the optimal solutions of the management problem is examined by considering the optimal pumping rates, the time to remediation and the pumped groundwater volume as the key output variables of the remediation strategies. In addition, the influence of the dispersivities and the imposed hydraulic gradient upon the same output variables is critically evaluated. The results of the study illustrate the need for uncertainty reduction in the knowledge of the hydrogeologic parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00872277
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal allocation of surface water in regional water management (1994)
    Springer
    Water resources management 8 (1994), S. 137-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Regional water management ; surface water ; surface water supply capacity ; optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Surface water is a scarce reource that is applied by various users for a variety of activities. The regulation of surface water use is an element of regional water management at various management levels. At each management level, the allocation of surface water supply capacity is a policy instrument. An optimization model has been formulated to support the evaluation of potential allocations at a particular management level. The model describes the allocation problem as a network, in which arcs represent waterways and nodes represent inlets and locations where there is a demand for surface water supply. The use of surface water for a specific activity at a specific node is referred to as an application, for example, for sprinkling, for use as cooling water, for dissolving effluent, and for conservation of environmental areas. The optimization model generates the optimal allocation of surface water and of surface water supply capacity. The operation of the model was demonstrated by a case study, where it was applied to maximize the expected revenues in agriculture (measured as value added).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00872433
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple-objective stochastic waste-load allocation (1992)
    Springer
    Water resources management 6 (1992), S. 117-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Waste-load allocation ; water-quality management ; multiple-objective analysis ; optimization ; uncertainty analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract The practice of waste-load allocation in water quality management involves several noncommensurate and conflicting objectives. In particular, the objectives considered in this multiobjective stochastic waste-load allocation study are (1) maximization of total waste discharge, (2) maximization of instream dissolved oxygen concentration, (3) minimization of difference in equity measures, and (4) maximization of reliability of water quality compliance. To demonstrate the analysis, the model was applied to an example involving six waste dischargers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00872207
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic Algorithms for Optimal Operation of Soil Aquifer Treatment Systems (1998)
    Springer
    Water resources management 12 (1998), S. 375-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: genetic algorithms ; groundwater recharge ; optimization ; soil aquifer treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract The genetic algorithm (GA) is a nonconventional search technique which is patterned after the biological processes of natural selection and evolution. It has the ability to search large and complex decision spaces and handle nonconvexities. In this paper, the genetic algorithm is investigated and applied to solve the optimal operation problem of soil aquifer treatment (SAT) systems. This problem involves finding optimal water application time and drying time which maximize infiltration for a predetermined starting influent rate of waste water and subject to various physical and operational constraints. A new scaling method is developed and some improvements on the evolution procedure are presented. A comprehensive GA–SAT computer model was developed and applied to an example SAT problem. The results are encouraging, when compared with using the successive approximation linear quadratic regulator algorithm. It was found that genetic algorithms are easy to program and interface with large complicated simulators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008030612068
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