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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Artificial intelligence and legal discourse: The Flexlaw legal text management system (1995)
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence and law 3 (1995), S. 55-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8382
    Keywords: knowledge representation ; natural language ; thesaurus ; vector space ; text retrieval
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Law
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877695
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Representing and using legal knowledge in integrated decision support systems: DataLex WorkStations (1995)
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence and law 3 (1995), S. 97-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8382
    Keywords: integrated ; natural language ; hypertext ; document assembly ; knowledge representation ; expert system ; text retrieval
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Law
    Notes: Abstract There is more to legal knowledge representation than knowledge-bases. It is valuable to look at legal knowledge representation and its implementation across the entire domain of ‘computerisation of law’, rather than focussing on sub-domains such as ‘legal expert systems’. The DataLex WorkStation software and applications developed using it are used to provide examples. Effective integration of inferencing, hypertext and text retrieval can overcome some of the limitations of these current paradigms of legal computerisation which are apparent when they are used on a ‘stand-alone’ basis. Effective integration of inferencing systems is facilitated by use of a (quasi) natural language knowledge representation, and the benefits of isomorphism are enhanced. These advantages of integration apply to all forms of inferencing, including document generation and casebased inferencing. Some principles for development of integrated legal decision support systems are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877696
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the Logical Foundations of Compound Predicate Formulae for Legal Knowledge Representation (1997)
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence and law 5 (1997), S. 77-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8382
    Keywords: legal reasoning ; CISG ; knowledge representation ; logic ; compound predicate formula
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Law
    Notes: Abstract In order to represent legal knowledge adequately, it is vital to create a formal device that can freely construct an individual concept directly from a predicate expression. For this purpose, a Compound Predicate Formula (CPF) is formulated for use in legal expert systems. In this paper, we willattempt to explain the nature of CPFs by rigorous logical foundation, i.e., establishing their syntax and semantics precisely through the use of appropriate examples. We note the advantages of our system over other such systems and discuss the significance of CPFs with regard to the formalization of legal reasonings using examples from the United Nations Convention for the International Sale of Goods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008289826410
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model for knowledge and legal expert systems (1992)
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence and law 1 (1992), S. 245-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8382
    Keywords: legal knowledge sources ; metaknowledge ; levels of knowledge ; knowledge representation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Law
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a four layer model for working with legal knowledge in expert systems. It distinguishes five sources of knowledge. Four contain basic legal knowledge found in published and unpublished sources. The fifth consists of legal metaknowledge. In the model the four basic legal knowledge sources are placed at the lowest level. The metaknowledge is placed at levels above the other four knowledge sources. The assumption is that the knowledge is represented only once. The use of metaknowledge at various levels should make it possible to use the appropriate knowledge for the problem presented to the system. The knowledge has to be represented as closely to the original format as possible for this purpose. Suitable representation formalisms for the various types of knowledge in the five knowledge sources are discussed. It is not possible to indicate a ‘best’ representation formalism for each knowledge source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186723
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Issue spotting in CHASER (1993)
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence and law 2 (1993), S. 83-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8382
    Keywords: Issue spotting ; torts ; case-based reasoning ; knowledge representation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Law
    Notes: Abstract For any system that uses previous experience to solve problems in new situations, it is necessary to identify the features in the situation that should match features in the previous cases through some process ofsituation analysis. In this paper, we examine this problem in the legal domain, where lawyers know it asissue spotting. In particular, we present an implementation of issue spotting in CHASER, a legal reasoning system that works in the domain of tort law. This approach is a compromise between generality and efficiency, and is applicable to a range of problems and domains besides legal reasoning. In particular, it presents a principled way to use multiple cases for a single problem by exploiting the inherent structure present in many domains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00871758
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What is the Place of Christian Wolff in the History of the Social Sciences? (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of law and economics 4 (1997), S. 147-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9990
    Keywords: Methodology ; history of social science ; economists ; political economy ; history ; historical school ; Germany ; England ; United States ; historicism ; economics ; philosophy ; Wolff
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper explores the place of Christian Wolff in the history of social science in English. The "Introduction" places Wolff in the context of the pre-history of modern social science. Samples are given of the great range of subjects on which he wrote. The importance of the German context is stressed. The second part is devoted to a sample of what the literature contains by and about Wolff. It emphasizes philosophy and science. Part three is a survey of works in the history of the social sciences that mention Wolff. He has a substantial place in political science and psychology, a much smaller place in economics and history, virtually none in anthropology, geography, and sociology. In the applied social sciences, he is found in the history of education. Possible reasons are given. Part four is devoted to the relationships of philosophy and philosophers in the pre-history of the social sciences. They were important in several different ways because they both shaped and reflected how many people thought about science and social problems. The “Summary and Conclusion” describes the present status. His contributions are summarized. He was a pivotal figure in the making of the German conception of social science. This is a preliminary study emphasizing the issues and problems that a more detailed examination would require. Several conventional judgments are challenged and possibilities for further research suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008679326854
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