ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Books
  • Journals
  • Articles  (21)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Humans
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Sociology
  • energy
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (21)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: economic efficiency ; energy ; home garden ; policy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A mid altitude (700–1200 m amsl.) village in Garhwal Himalaya was analysed in terms of energy and economic efficiency of different land use-land cover types constituting the landscape. Simultaneous agroforestry, sequential agroforestry, home garden and community forests accounted for 27.47%, 27.47%, 1.1% and 43.96% of the total geographical area of the village. Simultaneous agroforestry is the traditional land use involving substantial input of manure derived from forest litter and animal excreta and was practised on terraced slopes in private ownership. Tree cover in this system was represented by nine species with total average density of 390 trees ha−1, Grewia optiva and Boehmeria rugulosa being the most dominant. Sequential agroforestry system involving slash-burn practice and cultivation on unterraced slopes without tillage and manuring was an illicit land use on community lands where forestry land use is desirable as per the government policy. Per ha annual energy input in simultaneous agroforestry system was 305267 MJ compared to 279 MJ in sequential agroforestry and 27047 MJ in home garden. In monetary terms, highest per ha annual output was obtained from simultaneous agroforestry (Rs 25370, Rs 35 = US$1) followed by home garden (Rs 18200) and sequential agroforestry (Rs 9426). Local food, fodder and fuelwood production was in excess of the local consumption. While most of the surplus food was stored, surplus fodder and fuelwood were sold for cash. Production in simultaneous agroforestry system in private lands was sustained with substantial biomass and nutrient inputs from the community and government forests. Land use-land cover changes in the region are driven by the interaction of ecological, policy and human factors. It is concluded that present policy of treating forests and agriculture as closed and independent ecological or production systems needs to be replaced by an integrated land use policy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 35 (1996), S. 163-171 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Tagesverpflegung ; Altenheime ; Energie ; Nährstoffe ; Daily diet ; nursing homes for the elderly ; energy ; nutrients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Daily diet from 20 nursing homes for the elderly in the German state of Hessen was collected over a period of 7 days. Caloric free beverages were not included. After weighing and protocoling, the components of the meals were combined to one sample per day. Energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate and dietary fiber content was determined by analytical methods and by calculation using the nutrient table Federal Foodstuffs Key (Bundeslebensmittelschlüssel). Mean calculated contents exceeded analytical determined data except for dietary fibre. In comparison to the recommendations of the German Association for Nutrition (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung) concerning nutrient intake of the elderly, energy, fat and protein content of the daily diet were too high. Carbohydrate content did not reach the recommendations, being at least 50 % of energy intake. It is remarkable that dietary fibre content exceeded the recommendations of 30 grams per day. In Hessen a similar study was already done in 1982. Regarding energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate content, only negligible changes could be stated since that time.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Verpflegung von zwanzig hessischen Altenheimen wurde an sieben aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen gesammelt. Kalorienfreie Getränke wurden nicht miterfaßt. Die Komponenten der einzelnen Mahlzeiten wurden gewogen und protokolliert und zu je sieben Tagesproben zusammengefaßt. Der Energie-, Protein-, Fett-, Kohlenhydrat- und Ballaststoffgehalt der Tagesproben wurde zum einen analytisch bestimmt, zum anderen mit Hilfe der Nährwerttabellen des Bundeslebensmittelschlüssels rechnerisch ermittelt. Außer bei den Ballaststoffen lagen im Durchschnitt die berechneten über den analysierten Gehalten. Verglichen mit den Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährung für die Nährstoffzufuhr von Senioren waren der Energie-, Fett- und Proteingehalt der angebotenen Kost zu hoch. Die Empfehlung, 50 % der Energiezufuhr durch Kohlenhydrate abzudecken, wurde nicht erreicht. Bemerkenswert war, daß der Ballaststoffgehalt den empfohlenen Wert von 30 g pro Tag überschritt. Eine ähnliche Studie wurde in Hessen bereits 1982 durchgeführt. In bezug auf den Energie-, Protein-, Fett- und Kohlenhydratgehalt hat sich seit der ersten Untersuchung wenig verändert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics 6 (1993), S. 53-60 
    ISSN: 1573-322X
    Keywords: Agriculture ; organic ; energy ; economics ; environment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract The use of organic farming technologies has certain advantages in some situations and for certain crops such as maize; however, with other crops such as vegetables and fruits, yields under organic production may be substantially reduced compared with conventional production. In most cases, the use of organic technologies requires higher labor inputs than conventional technologies. Some major advantages of organic production are the conservation of soil and water resources and the effective recycling of livestock wastes when they are available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 44 (1993), S. 187-194 
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: Fibre ; energy ; digestibility ; protein-utilisation ; wheat bread ; pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Sixteen 15 kg liveweight entire-male pigs were given either a low-fibre (1.21 g/100 g Neutral detergent fibre, NDF) or a high-fibre (6.38 g 100 g, NDF) wheat bread as their sole source of dietary protein, in a conventional 21-day metabolism study. A glucose/oil supplement which was assumed to be completely absorbed was given with the bread to ensure a high ratio of dietary energy to protein, to allow measurement of biological value (BV). The apparent faecal digestibility of gross energy was significantly (p〈0.001) lower (7.4% units) for pigs given the high-fibre bread as was the apparent digestibility of NDF (24% units lower). The apparent faecal digestibility of total nitrogen was also significantly (p〈0.001) lower for the animals fed the high-fibre bread, but there were no significant differences between the breads for the BV of their protein. The overall mean BV for the breads was 46%. The results indicate a significantly lower digestibility of nutrients and gross energy in breads containing appreciable quantities of wheat bran fibre.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 22 (1993), S. 175-179 
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: charcoal ; fuelwood ; energy ; heat of combustion ; Leucaena leucocephala ; Tectona grandis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Charcoal was produced from short rotation tropical species ofLeucaena leucocephala andTectona grandis. The combustion-related properties, moisture content, specific gravity and percentage element composition of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur and ash in wood and charcoal from the two species were determined. The gross heat of combustion of wood and charcoal was also determined. There were significant differences in the moisture content, specific gravity and percentage element composition between wood and charcoal from the two species. The carbon and ash content of charcoal were higher than those of wood. The average heat of combustion of charcoal 25.25 MJKg−1 was higher than that of wood 13.75 MJKg−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 30 (1991), S. 239-267 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: protein ; energy ; amino acids, turnover, synthesis, breakdown, oxidation ; nitrogen balance ; sparing ; glucose ; carbohydrate ; lipid, requirements ; hormones, insulin ; counter-regulatory hormones ; glucagon ; epinephrine ; glucocorticoids ; muscle ; basal metabolic rate ; Proteine ; Energie ; Aminosäuren-Stoffwechsel ; Synthese, Abbau, Oxidation ; Stickstoff-Bilanz ; Sparmechanismen ; Glucose ; Kohlenhydrate ; Lipide, Bedarf ; Hormone, Insulin ; gegenregulatorisch wirksame Hormone ; Adrenalin ; Glucocorticoide ; Muskeln ; Grundumsatz
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Da die Balance zwischen Proteinstoffwechsel und Energieumsatz von großer Bedeutung in der Ernährung und Stoffwechselphysiologie von Mensch und Tier ist, wird eine Gesamtbetrachtung der Interaktionen zwischen Protein und Energie vorgenommen mit spezieller Berücksichtigung von Studien am Menschen selbst. Zunächst wird auf die Beziehung zwischen Protein und Energieaufnahme zur Stickstoffbilanz eingegangen und danach auf ausgewählte Aspekte der Relation des Proteinstoffwechsels zum Energieumsatz bei verschiedenen Säugetier-Spezies. Dies führt zu einer kurzen Besprechung des oxidativen Aminosäurenabbaus und seiner Bedeutung für die Bestimmung des Aminosäurenbedarfs vor allem beim Erwachsenen. Es wird der Schluß gezogen, daß die unausweichlichen Verluste durch Oxidation der Aminosäuren für die Berechnung oder zumindest Schätzung des Aminosäurenbedarfs von Kindern und Erwachsenen geeignet sind. Die N-sparenden Eigenschaften der Kohlenhydrate und Lipide werden danach besprochen. Trotz der gut bekannten und profunden, wenn auch vielschichtigen Wirkungen der Nahrungsproteine und Energieträger sowie ihrer Interaktionen auf die Balance der Körperproteine bleiben weite Lücken in unserem Verständnis der Wirkungsmechanismen übrig. Dazu gehören z. B. die quantitative und mechanistische Einwirkung der Hormone einschl. Insulin und der gegenregulatorisch wirksamen Hormone sowie die Rolle derjenigen Aminosäuren, die hauptsächlich für den Transport des Stickstoffs zwischen den Organen und für die Regulation der Harnstoffproduktion verantwortlich sind. Zusätzliche Studien mit dem Ziel, die Stoffwechselwege des Stickstoffs zu ergründen, würden das Verständnis der Frage verbessern, wie Proteine und Energie zusammenwirken, um eine effiziente Verwertung des Nahrungsproteins für die Erhaltung und Steigerung der fettfreien Körpermasse zu erreichen.
    Notes: Summary Because the regulation of protein and energy balance is of major research interest in the nutrition and physiology of humans and animals, a selected account of interactions between protein and energy is given here, with particular emphasis on studies in human subjects. The discussion begins with reference to the relations between protein and energy intakes and nitrogen balance; selected aspects of the relations between protein dynamics and energy metabolism among the various mammalian species are then considered. This leads to a brief account of oxidative amino acid catabolism and its relevance to the assessment of amino acid requirements, particularly in adult man. It is concluded that obligatory oxidative losses of amino acids can be used to predict or approximate amino acid requirements in children and adults. The nitrogen-sparing properties of carbohydrate and lipid-derived fuels are then considered. Despite the well-known and profound, yet differential, impacts of dietary protein and energy sources, and their interactions on body protein balance, there remain wide gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for their effects, such as the quantitative and mechanistic involvement of hormones, including insulin and the counter-regulatory hormones, and the roles played by the major amino acids responsible for the interorgan transport of nitrogen and the regulation of urea production. Additional studies focusing on metabolic nitrogen trafficking would significantly enhance an understanding of how protein and energy interact to achieve the efficient utilization of dietary protein for maintenance and promotion of lean body gain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics 4 (1991), S. 1-13 
    ISSN: 1573-322X
    Keywords: ethanol ; food ; energy ; environment ; pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Problems of fuel ethanol production have been the subject of numerous reports, including this analysis. The conclusions are that ethanol: does not improve U.S. energy security; is uneconomical; is not a renewable energy source; and increases environmental degradation. Ethanol production is wasteful of energy resources and does not increase energy security. Considerably more energy, much of it high- grade fossil fuels, is required to produce ethanol than is available in the energy output. About 72% more energy is used to ‘produce a gallon of ethanol than the energy in a gallon of ethanol. Ethanol production from corn is not renewable energy. Its production uses more non- renewable fossil energy resources in growing the corn and in the fermentation/distillation process than is produced as ethanol energy. Ethanol produced from corn and other food crops is also an unreliable and therefore a non-secure source of energy, because of the likelihood of uncontrollable climatic fluctuations, particularly droughts which reduce crop yields. The expected priority for corn and other food crops would be for food and feed. Increasing ethanol production would increase degradation of agricultural land and water and pollute the environment. In U.S. corn production, soil erodes some 18- times faster than soil is reformed, and, where irrigated, corn production mines water faster than recharge of aquifers. Increasing the cost of food and diverting human food resources to the costly and inefficient production of ethanol fuel raise major ethical questions. These occur at a time when more food is needed to meet the basic needs of a rapidly growing world population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 36 (1986), S. 119-137 
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: rice ; legume mixtures ; utilization of protein ; energy ; zinc ; iron and copper
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Protein, energy and mineral utilization were examined in growing rats fed cooked, dry legume seeds in combination with polished rice. The legumes tested included 3 varieties of common beans, black, white and brown (Phaseolus vulgaris), lentils (Lens esculenta) and peas (Pisum sativum). The rice:legume mixtures (1:1 N ratio) were the only dietary sources of protein, Zn, Fe and Cu. The rice:black bean mixture was also tested at a 4:1 N ratio. Nutrient utilization was studied by balance trials and mineral utilization was further assessed by tissue analyses. True protein digestibility (TD) and energy digestibility of the rice:legume (1:1) mixtures were high. Biological value (BV) varied only little but was lowest in the rice:lentil mixture. The rice:brown bean mixture had the lowest amount of utilizable protein (UP). The (1:1) rice:legume mixtures did not adversely affect Fe status, as measured by liver Fe content and blood hemoglobin and hematocrit, or Cu status, as measured by liver Cu content and plasma ceruloplasmin. However, femur zinc content indicated a sub-optimal Zn status. Increasing the dietary N from rice in combination with black beans resulted in a substantial improvement of BV, NPU and Zn status of the animals but had a negative effect on UP and Fe status of the rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Potato Research 26 (1983), S. 323-362 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: developing countries ; energy ; food consumption ; food prices ; production costs ; technology ; stock feed ; starch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Gegenwärtige Situation Die Kartoffelproduktion nimmt in den gemässigten Zonen langsam ab (Abb. 1), während sie in den Tropen und Subtropen in der gleichen Rate wie die Reisproduktion (Abb. 3) zunimmt (Abb. 2). Ausgedrückt als Energie oder Protein ist der Ertragsanstieg für Kartoffeln höher als für Reis oder Weizen (Abb. 4), aber die Pro-Kopf-Produktion bleibt in den meisten Gebieten der Tropen oder Subtropen sehr niedrig (Tabelle 1). Die Kartoffeln können mehr essbare Energie und Protein pro Zeiteinheit und Fläche erzeugen als die meisten anderen Früchte, aber der Energieeinsatz ist auch hoch (Tabelle 2). Obwohl das Energieumsatzverhältnis für traditionelle und moderne Produktionssysteme ähnlich ist, ist der Nettoenergieausstoss für moderne Systeme höher (Tabelle 3). Die Produktionskosten pro Energieeinheit oder Trockensubstanz sind für Kartoffeln höher als für andere Feldfrüchte (Tabellen 4–6), in den Entwicklungsländern relativ höher als in den Industriestaaten wie z. B. den Niederlanden (Tabelle 7) oder in den Höhenlagen der Tropen (Tabelle 8). Die wichtigsten Kostenkomponenten sind Pflanzgut, Arbeit und Chemikalien (Tabellen 9–11). Verwertung Tabelle 12 zeigt die Schätzwerte der Kartoffelverwertung. Der Pro-Kopf-Verbrauch ist in West-Europa und Nordamerika nahezu stabil (Abb. 5), nimmt aber in den meisten tropischen und subtropischen Ländern noch zu (Abb. 6). Ein Grund für den niedrigen Verbrauch in den Entwicklungsländern ist der relativ hohe Verbraucherpreis (Tabellen 13–15), wofür mehr die relativ hohen Produktionskosten (Tabelle 17) als zu hohe Markterlöse stehen (Tabelle 16). In Entwicklungsländern ist der Pro-Kopf-Verbrauch für Veränderungen im Einkommen und im Preis verantwortlich (Einkommenselastizität 0,965 und Preiselastizität −2,208). Weitere Entwicklung und begrenzende Faktoren Die Kartoffel ist für die Äthanolproduktion nicht die wirtschaftlichste Frucht (Tabellen 18 und 19), sie kann mit der Maisproduktion für Stärke nicht konkurrieren und sie ist in West-europa nicht erfolgreich als Viehfutter bei dem gegen wärtigen Preisniveau für Gerste und Mais (Abb. 8). Geringe Steigerungen des Pro-Kopf-Verbrauches in Westeuropa und Nordamerika, die erwartet werden können, wenn die Verbraucher besser über den Nährwert der Kartoffel aufgeklärt werden, können durch eine Steigerung des Ertrages, vorausgesetzt, dass diese den Qualitätsansprüchen genügt, erreicht werden. In den Entwicklungsländern erfordert eine Ausweitung des Pro-Kopf-Verbrauches eine Senkung der Verbraucherpreise. Möglicher Beitrag der Forschung zur Kartoffelproduktion und zum—Verbrauch in den Tropen und Subtropen Die Ausdehnung der Kartoffel in den Tropen und Subtropen ist von einer Preissenkung für Speisekartoffeln abhängig was, umgekehrt, abhängt von einer Senkung der Kosten/kg. Der Spielraum für die Preissenkung/ha ist begrenzt durch die Züchtung krankheitsresistenter Sorten, Verbesserung der Pflanzkartoffel-programme und in einigen Gebieten, Verwendung von Kartoffelsamen. Der Spielraum für die Senkung der Kosten/kg Knollen ist viel grösser, wenn gesundes Pflanzgut vorhanden ist (Tabelle 22) und neue Techniken z. B. Samen (‘true seed’) angewendet werden. Forschung ist notwendig um (1) neue Methoden für die Pflanzgutvermehrung, (2) gegen Trockenheit, Hitze, Frost und Salz tolerante Sorten, (3) Samen, die direkt vom Anbauer benutzt werden können, (4) Methoden zur Regulierung des Stengel- und Knollenwachstums und (5) einfache Lagerungs- und Verarbeitungstechniken zu entwickeln. Es wird angenommen, dass der Ertrag in den meisten tropischen und subtropischen Ländern verdoppelt werden kann, mit nur geringem Anstieg der Produktionskosten/ha und mit einer darauffolgenden beträchtlichen Senkung der Produktionskosten/kg. Das würde die Kartoffel in vielen tropischen und subtropischen Ländern zu einem billigen Gemüse machen und zu einem Hauptnahrungsmittel in vielen Gebieten der Höhenlagen. Mit einem möglichen Ertrag von 20 t/ha (Tabelle 21) würde das Verhältnis ‘tatsächlicher/möglicher Ertrag’ 0,3 betragen und damit auf westeuropäischem Niveau liegen. Das bedeutet, dass ein Ertrag von 20–25 t/ha in den Tropen oder Subtropen, aus technischer Sicht, einem Ertrag von ungefähr 40 t/ha in Westeuropa vergleichbar ist.
    Abstract: Résumé Situation actuelle La production de la pomme de terre diminue lentement dans les régions tempérées (fig. 1) tandis qu'elle augmente (fig. 2) dans les zones tropicales et subtropicales, environ au même rythme que la production de riz (fig. 3). Exprimée en termes d'énergie ou de protéines, l'augmentation cumulée du rendement de la pomme de terre est plus forte que celle du riz ou du blé (fig. 4), mais la production par habitant demeure très faible dans la plupart des pays tropicaux ou subtropicaux (tableau 1). La pomme de terre peut produire par unité de temps et de surface des quantités d'énergie consommable et de protéines supérieures à celles de la plupart des autres cultures, mais l'énergie absorbée est également élevée (tableau 2). Bien que le rapport de conversion de l'énergie soit analogue pour les systèmes de culture traditionnels et modernes, la production nette d'énergie est plus élevée dans le cas des systèmes modernes (tableau 3). La pomme de terre a des coûts de production plus élevés, par unité d'énergie ou de matière sèche, que les autres cultures alimentaires (tableaux 4–6) mais ces coûts sont relativement plus élevés dans les pays en voie de développement que dans un pays industrialisé comme les Pays-Bas (tableau 7) ou dans les tropiques (tableau 8) à haute altitude. Dans les pays en voie de développement, les composantes principales du coût de production sont: les semences, le travail et les produits chimiques (tableaux 9–11). Utilisation Des estimations d'utilisation de la pomme de terre sont données dans le tableau 12. La consommation par habitant est à peu près stable en Europe de l'Ouest et en Amérique du Nord (fig. 5) mais elle augmente encore dans la plupart des pays tropicaux et subtropicaux (fig. 6). Les prix de détail relativement élevés sont une des raisons de la faible consommation dans les pays en voie de développement (tableau 13–15) et ceci est dû davantage aux coûts de production relativement élevés (tableau 17) qu'aux marges bénéficiaires à la commercialisation (tableau 16). Dans les pays en voie de développement, la consommation par habitant dépend largement des changements de revenu et de prix (élasticité des revenus de 0,965 et élasticité des prix de −2,208). Développement futur et facteurs limitants La pomme de terre n'est pas la culture la plus économique pour la production d'éthanol (tableaux 18 et 19), elle n'est pas compétitive vis à vis du maïs pour la production de fécule (fig. 7) et elle n'est pas rentable en Europe de l'Ouest pour l'alimentation animale, avec les niveaux de prix actuels de l'orge et du maïs (fig. 8). Une légère augmentation de la consommation par habitant, à laquelle les pays d'Europe de l'Ouest et d'Amérique du Nord pourraient s'attendre si les consommateurs étaient mieux informés sur la valeur nutritive de la pomme de terre, serait possible par des augmentations de rendement à condition de prendre en compte les exigences de qualité. Dans les pays en voie de développement, une augmentation de la consommation par habitant suppose une diminution des prix de détail. Contribution potentielle de la recherche à la production et à la consommation de la pomme de terre dans les pays tropicaux et subtropicaux L'expansion de la culture de la pomme de terre dans les pays tropicaux et subtropicaux dépend de la diminution du prix des pommes de terre de consommation, qui lui même dépend de la réduction du coût par kilo. Les possibilités de réduire les coûts de production par ha se limitent à la sélection de variétés résistantes aux maladies, à l'amélioration des programmes de production de plants et, dans certaines régions, à l'utilisation de semences vraies. Les possibilités de réduire les coûts par kg de tubercules sont plus nombreuses si les techniques existantes (plants indemnes de virus) et nouvelles (semences vraies) sont appliquées. La recherche est nécessaire pour développer (1) les techniques nouvelles de multiplication de semences, (2) les variétés tolérantes à la sècheresse, la chaleur, le gel et la salinité, (3) les semences prêtes à être utilisées par les producteurs, (4) les méthodes de régulation de la croissance des fanes et des tubercules et (5) les techniques simples de stockage et de transformation. On estime que le rendement peut être multiplié par deux dans la plupart des pays tropicaux et subtropicaux, ceci avec une faible augmentation des coûts de production par kg. La pomme de terre deviendrait un légume d'un bon marché dans beaucoup de pays tropicaux et subtropicaux et une denrée première pour davantage de régions de haute altitude. Avec un rendement potentiel de 20 t/ha (tableau 21) le rapport actuel: rendement potentiel de 0,3 serait à un niveau comparable à celui de l'Europe de l'Ouest. C'est-à-dire qu'un rendement de 20–25 t/ha dans les tropiques ou subtropiques, correspond, d'un point de vue technique, à un rendement de l'ordre de 40 t/ha en Europe de l'Ouest.
    Notes: Summary Potato production is increasing rapidly in the tropics and sub-tropics and is declining gradually in the temperate zone. It is not expected that in the near future potato production for ethanol production will become important or that the production for starch or stock feed will increase. Consumption per capita is more or less stable in Western Europe and North America but is increasing in Africa and Asia. On average, energy and protein from potatoes cost the developing-country consumer at least three times as much as from wheat or rice. Better application by farmers of existing and newly developed technologies — including better adapted cultivars, healthy seed tubers, botanical seed and low-cost storage and processing — can reduce costs per unit of output substantially, mainly by increasing yield. Doubling the yield without considerable increases in production costs per hectare would allow the potato to become a cheap vegetable in many tropical or sub-tropical areas and to become a staple food in others with favourable growing conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 33 (1983), S. 267-278 
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: rice ; milling ; utilization of protein ; energy ; zinc and other minerals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Brown and milled rices were prepared from rough rice, and the nutritive value of the rices was studied by chemical analyses and in balance experiments with growing rats. The concentration of essential nutrients decreased with the degree of milling, but the energy density of brown and milled rices was similar. In the highly refined white rice the protein content was reduced to 86% and the mineral content to 23% of corresponding levels in brown rice. The zinc concentration was halved. The amino acid composition was rather unaffected by the degree of milling, but the lysine concentration was slightly lower in white rice than in brown rice. Milling was accompanied by an increase in true protein digestibility and a corresponding decrease in biological value. Thus net protein utilization of the different rices was remarkably uniform. A total of 33% of the utilizable protein and 22% of the digestible energy in brown rice was removed during milling. Rats fed rough, brown and lightly milled rices were unable to maintain their femur zinc concentration; deposition of calcium and phosphorus also appeared to be affected. Factors present in the outer part of the rice kernel interfere strongly with zinc utilization. Phytate and/or fibre are not solely responsible for this effect. Unless rice was milled into highly refined white rice, zinc status of rats was adversely affected. The results suggest that zinc might be a limiting factor in rice-based diets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 32 (1983), S. 185-196 
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: rye ; milling ; utilization of protein ; energy ; zinc and other minerals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Rye was milled into flours having extraction rates between 100 and 65%. The nutritive value of the various fractions was studied by chemical analyses and in balance trials with rats. The concentration of essential nutrients decreased when the extraction rate was lowered. The lysine content (g/16 g N) was 4.23 in whole rye, but only 3.76 in the 65% extraction flour, and a corresponding reduction in biological value was found. A reduction of 50% or more was observed for several minerals with zinc and phosphorus being most affected. The apparent zinc absorption and retention expressed in absolute values, were significantly higher from the flours of high extraction than from the more refined flours, in spite of a much higher phytate content in whole rye and lightly milled flours. It could be concluded that milling of rye into highly refined flours not only preclude considerable amounts of nutrients from human consumption, but the remaining flours have a much poorer nutritive value than flour made from whole rye.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 33 (1983), S. 99-112 
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: barley ; milling ; utilization of protein ; energy ; zinc and other minerals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Barley was milled into flours with extraction rates between 100 and 69%. The nutritive value of the flours was studied by chemical analyses and in balance trials with growing rats. The concentration of essential nutrients decreased when the extraction rate was lowered. The protein content in the 69% extraction flour was reduced to 82% of that in whole barley. Lysine (g/16 g N) decreased from 3.30 in whole barley to 2.82 in the most refined flour, however, the biological value was not significantly affected by the degree of milling. The content of minerals was reduced to 40% of that in whole barley, but only rats fed refined flours were able to maintain their femur zinc concentration. Factors present in the outer part of the kernel interfere strongly with utilization of zinc; and it appears that phytate is not solely responsible for the adverse effects on zinc utilization. In rats fed whole barley, femur zinc could be maintained and protein utilization improved by zinc supplementation. It could be concluded that unless barley is milled into refined products, or zinc is supplied from external sources, zinc utilization is adversely affected and protein utilization is limited by a poor zinc status.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 33 (1983), S. 51-61 
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: wheat ; milling utilization of protein ; energy ; zinc and other minerals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Wheat was milled into flours having extraction rates between 100 and 66%. The nutritive value of the various fractions was studied by chemical analyses and in balance trials with rats. The concentration of essential nutrients decreased when the extraction rate was lowered. The lysine content (g/16 g N) e.g. was 2.52 in whole wheat, but only 2.18 in the 66% extraction flour; however, only a slight reduction in biological value was found. The content of minerals was reduced to 30% of that in whole wheat, and the apparent zinc absorption and retention expressed in absolute values, were significantly higher from the flours of high extraction than from the more refined flours, in spite of a much higher phytate content in whole wheat and lightly milled flours. It could be concluded that milling of wheat into highly refined flours not only preclude considerable amounts of nutrients from human consumption, but the remaining flours have a much poorer nutritive value than flour made from whole wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 33 (1983), S. 299-311 
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: maize ; milling ; utilization of protein ; energy ; zinc and other minerals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Different grades of maize flour were produced by dry milling of yellow maize. The chemical composition of wholemeal, three semi-sifted flours and degermed maize was determined, and the nutritional value of the flours were investigated in balance experiments with growing rats. Distinct differences in nutrient and fibre content were found. Amino acid composition was significantly different in the milled fractions, and the content of minerals and phytate in the flours was determined by the extent to which the germ was retained. Phytate: zinc molar ratios ranged from 43 to 2. Weight gain of rats was closely correlated to the concentration of lysine (r=0.99) and tryptophan (r=0.97). Weight gain of rats fed degermed maize was reduced to half of that of rats fed wholemeal. True protein digestibility was high, but protein quality varied widely between the different flour fractions. Energy density of the flours was quite similar. Rats fed wholemeal had the highest intake of zinc and the highest apparent zinc absorption and retention but the lowest femur zinc concentration. Factors present in whole maize may interfere with zinc utilization. The results might indicate an interaction between phytate and fibre. Supplementation of wholemeal with lysine and tryptophan increased the biological value of the protein and the weight gain considerably, but apparent absorption and retention of zinc as well as femur zinc concentration were similar in unsupplemented and supplemented rats. The percentage of zinc absorbed from degermed maize flour was high, but degermed maize has a very low content of minerals and is highly deficient in lysine and tryptophan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 33 (1983), S. 313-326 
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: sorghum ; milling ; utilization of protein ; energy ; zinc and other minerals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Low-tannin sorghum was milled into flour with extraction rates between 100 and 64%. The nutritive value of the flours was studied by chemical analyses and in balance experiments with growing rats. The effects of amino acid supplementation was also examined. In general, the content of essential nutrients decreased when the extraction rate was lowered, but the content of fibre, tannins and phytate was also significantly reduced by milling. The digestibility of energy as well as protein was high, but the protein quality was poor, especially in flours of low extraction. Amino acid supplementation improved protein utilization and weight gain considerably. Femur zinc concentration was significantly depressed in the rats fed the amino acid supplemented diets, and sorghum seems to be a poor source of available zinc, in particular when it is highly refined. The poor zinc availability may be attributed to the high content of phytate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 2 (1981), S. 33-51 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: energy ; models ; N-fixation ; nutrients ; re-cycling ; yield ; food production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Cereal yield per ha in the different countries of the world is almost proportional to the rate of fertilizer application. Yields in countries where most people live are severely limited by nutrient deficiencies. Unless steps are taken to rectify these deficiencies, crop yields will always be very poor, even if other improved agronomic practices are adopted. Much fertilizer is at present wasted because of difficulties in forecasting how to adjust levels and methods of application for differences in conditions. More widespread adoption of ‘mechanistic’ approaches to studying the problems than hitherto offers opportunities for improvement. Considerable scope also exists for saving fertilizer by more re-cycling of nutrients, by greater biological-N fixation and by the adoption of better cropping sequences. Only a minute fraction of the present consumption of fossil energy in the world is needed to manufacture all the required fertilizer. Adequate supplies of potassium and phosphate minerals probably exist to meet demand. The major problems in the future are likely to arise from the fact that essential resources are very unevenly distributed in relation to where they are needed to grow food.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Livestock Production Science 27 (1991), S. 185-198 
    ISSN: 0301-6226
    Keywords: energy ; growth ; lysine ; pigs ; selection
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Livestock Production Science 26 (1990), S. 1-37 
    ISSN: 0301-6226
    Keywords: energy ; lactation ; models ; protein ; sow nutrition
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 5 (1994), S. 284-290 
    ISSN: 0955-2863
    Keywords: energy ; glucose ; glutamine ; intestine ; neonate ; pig
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 2 (1991), S. 142-149 
    ISSN: 0955-2863
    Keywords: docosahexaenoic medium-chain ; eicosapentaenoic ; energy ; linoleic
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Scientia Horticulturae 24 (1984), S. 165-176 
    ISSN: 0304-4238
    Keywords: apples ; energy ; impact ; packaging ; protection
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...