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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (83,671)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (30,791)
  • Chemical Engineering  (17,982)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (13,095)
  • SPACE SCIENCES  (12,837)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ein neues Verfahren zur Synthese von Aminalen und Enaminen (1967)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 100 (1967), S. 1289-1295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ein neues Verfahren zur Synthese von Aminalen und Enaminen durch Umsetzung von Tris(dimethylamino)-arsin mit Aldehyden oder Ketonen wird beschrieben. Diese Reaktion ist auch auf andere Tris(dialkylamino)-arsine übertragbar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19671000430
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Totalsynthese von (±)-Pukatein (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 2959-2965 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das in seiner Struktur als 11-Hydroxy-1.2-methylendioxy-aporphin (16) aufgeklärte2) Alkaloid Pukatein wurde synthetisiert. Aus dem Amin 9 und 2-Nitro-3-benzyloxy-phenyl-essigsäure (8) (Weg A) bzw. 2-Nitro-3-benzyloxy-ω-diazo-acetophenon (7) (Weg B) wurde das Amid 10 hergestellt. Isochinolinringschluß nach Bischler-Napieralski und Pschorr-Ringschluß führten zum (±)-11-Benzyloxy-1.2-methylendioxy-aporphin (15), dessen Hydrogenolyse 16 ergab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020910
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eine stereoselektive Synthese von cis- und trans-3-Phenyl-2-carboxy-pyrrolidon-(5) (1967)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 100 (1967), S. 1137-1143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der Kondensation von Zimtsäure-äthylester und N-Acetyl-glycin-äthylester-natrium entsteht stereoselektiv trans-3-Phenyl-2-carboxy-pyrrolidon-(5) (2a1), während sich durch thermische Decarboxylierung von 3-Phenyl-2.2-dicarboxy-pyrrolidon-(5) (8) die reine cis-Form bildet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19671000411
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of the scales of Dermophis and Microcaecilia (Amphibia: Gymnophiona), and a comparison to dermal ossifications of other vertebrates (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 206 (1990), S. 25-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The structures of the dermal scales and the cells surrounding the scales in two species of gymnophione amphibians were studied using histochemistry and light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Scales are composed of a basal platt of several layers of unmineralized collagenous fibers topped with mineralized squamulae. Squamulae are composed of numerous mineralized globules and mineralized, thick collagen fibers. Mineralization is therefore both spheritic and inotropic. Isolated flattened cells lie on the outer surface of the squamulae and seem to be involved in mineral deposition. Cells that line the basal plate synthesize the collagenous stroma of the plate. Each scale lies in a thin connective tissue pocket, and a large connective tissue pouch includes several scales in each annulus.The similarities of gymnophione scales to elasmoid scales of osteichthyans are largely superficial. Aspects of mineralization and of pocket development differ considerably. There are also similarities, as well as differences, in the gymnophione scales and osteoderms of amphibians and of reptiles. We consider that such dermal structures have arisen many times in diverse lineages of vertebrates, and that these are expressions of properties of dermal collagen to support mineralization by specialized dermal cells. However, we recommend that the term “dermal scale” be used for the mineralized dermal units of osteichthyans and gymnophiones, and “osteoderm” for the dermal structures of frogs and squamates, with the understanding that the terminology recognizes certain convergent attributes of shape and structure, but not of process.
    Additional Material: 36 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052060104
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of the dermal scales in gymnophiona (Amphibia) (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 165 (1980), S. 41-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Histology and cytology of dermal scales of the gymnophionans Ichthyophis kohtaoensis and Hypogeophis rostratus reveal their structure and the nature of their mineralization.Dermal scales are small flat disks set in pockets in the transverse ridges of the skin. Each pocket contains several scales of various sizes. A ring of “hypomineralization” of varying diameter may occur on scales of a particular dermal pocket but bears no relation to the diameter of these scales.Three different layers form the scales and are seen on sections perpendicular to the surface. The cells of the basal layer lie deepest. Each of the two or three more superficial fibrous layers is composed of bundles of fibres that are oriented in parallel. The orientation varies among layers. The striation of the fiber scales has a periodicity comparable to that of the surrounding dermal fibers. Squamulae form a discontinuous layer on the scale surface and are the only mineralized part of the scale. The minerals are deposited both on the collagen fibers passing from the fibrous layers into the squamulae, and in the interfibrillar spaces. Spherical concretions, either isolated or coalescent, reaching up to 1 μm, are found on the surface of the squamulae.The dermal scales of Gymnophiona present some analogies with those of evolved bony fishes. Their characteristics could make them an original model for the study of mineralization.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051650105
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New data on the structure and the growth of the osteoderms in the reptile Anguis fragilis L. (Anguidae, Squamata) (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 186 (1985), S. 327-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Light and electron microscopy shows the osteoderms of Anguis fragilis to be small, flat disks located in the dermis along the adult trunk: microradiography established the extent of the mineralization.Each osteoderm coincides exactly with an epidermal fold forming the keratinized scales characteristic of the skin of reptiles.Sections perpendicular to the surface show two mineralized layers differing in histological and histochemical characteristics and in fine structure, although both contain collagen fibrils. The structure of each layer can be related to that of the surrounding dermis.The outer superficial layer located in the loose dermis contains few collagen bundles that form a discontinuous sheet at the upper surface of the osteoderms. This superficial layer appears to be constituted of units separated by furrows and is composed of woven fibered bone.The basal plate comprises stratified lamellae formed of parallel-oriented collagen fibrils; the fibrils of successive lamellae lie at right angles. The densely packed collagen fibrils of the basal plate are distributed similarly to those of the dense dermis within which it lies. This layer exhibits structural and histochemical characteristics of a lamellar bone.The presence of two different layers in the osteoderms of Anguis fragilis may reflect their mode of formation, which consists of the deposit of mineral crystals in the preexisting dermal tissue. This mineralization process, considered as a “metaplastic ossification,” may reflect the potentiality retained by the dermis of reptiles to form mineralized structures.
    Additional Material: 28 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051860309
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrete structural models and their application to gas-solid reacting systems (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 2030-2040 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Discrete models are developed to simulate the reaction of solids with complex pore structures in the kinetic- and diffusion-controlled regimes. Simulations employ two- and three-dimensional computational grids, and model parameters are directly obtainable from measurable physical properties of the unreacted solid. Model predictions can be displayed pictorially, allowing for direct visualization of the simulated process, while image processing of the computational grids can provide detailed structural information not easily obtainable from other analytical models. The effects of various pore structural parameters on the predicted reactivity patterns are investigated. Several examples are presented to illustrate the use of the models and demonstrate the significance of the pore structure in determining the reactivity of coal-derived chars.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690341212
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferation of anchorage-dependent contact-inhibited cells: I. Development of theoretical models based on cellular automata (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 459-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cell culture ; contact inhibition phenomena ; discrete mathematical model ; cell proliferation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We report the development of new class of discrete models that can accurately describe the contact-inhibited proliferation of anchorage-dependent cells. The models are based on cellular automata, and they quantitatively account for contact inhibition phenomena occurring during all stages of the proliferation process: (a) the initial stage of “exponential” growth of cells without contact inhibition; (b) the second stage where cell colonies form and grow with few colony mergings; and (c) the final stage where proliferation rates are dominated by colony merging events. Model prediction are presented and analyzed to study the complicated dynamics of large cell populations and determine how the initial spatial cell distribution, the seeding density, and the geometry of the growth surface affect the observed proliferation rates. Finally, we present a model variant that can simulate contact-inhibited proliferation of asynchronous cell populations with arbitrary cell cycle-time distribution. The latter model can also compute the percentage of cells that are in a specific phase of their division cycle at a given time.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380504
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferation of anchorage-dependent contact-inhibited cells. II: Experimental results and validation of the theoretical modelsParts of this work were presented at the 1988 annual meeting of the AUChE, Washington, DC, November 27-December 2 (1988); 1989 annual meeting of the AIChE, San Francisco, CA, November 5-10 (1989); 1990 FASEB Meeting, Washington, D.C., April 2-6 (1990); and 199th national meeting of the American chemical society, Boston, MA, April 22-27 (1990). (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 471-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: endothelial cells ; cell culture contact inhibition ; mathematical model ; experimental data ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study establishes that the cellular automata models developed in an earlier article capture the essential features of the proliferation process for anchorage-dependent contact-inhibited cells. Model predictions are in excellent agreement with experimental data obtained with bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells. The models are particularly suitable for predictive purposes since they have no adjustable parameters. All model parameters can be easily obtained from a priori measurements. Our studies also show that proliferation rates are very sensitive to the spatial distributions of seed cells. The adverse effects of seeding heterogeneities become more pronounced as a cell population approaches confluency and they should be accounted for in experimental studies attempting to assess the response of cells to external stimuli.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380505
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Membrane handbook edited by W. S. Winston Ho, and Kamalesh K. Sirkar, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1992, 954 pp. $131.95 (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 2343-2344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690411024
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