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  • 1
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    Diagnostic studies of the Antarctic vortex during the 1987 Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment - Ozone miniholes (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Localized rapid reductions in total ozone (miniholes), which were observed during the Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment, are studied with particular attention given to meteorological aspects. It is suggested that miniholes are forced by tropospheric weather features and that they are largely reversible distortions to the airflow around the vortex. The relationship between the miniholes and upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric synoptic-scale disturbances is studied. Trajectory calculations are presented which demonstrate the exchange of air from low latitudes with air from within the vortex, with the vortex air subsequently moving to lower latitudes.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 11641-11
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    A chemical definition of the boundary of the Antarctic ozone hole (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A program designed to study the Antarctic ozone hole using ER-2 high-altitude and DC-8 aircraft was conducted out of Punta Arenas, Chile during August 17-September 22, 1987. Graphs are presented of ozone and chlorine monoxide when crossing the boundary of the chemically perturbed region on August 23 and on September 21. Interpretations of ClO, H2O, and N2O measurements are presented, indicating ongoing diabetic cooling and advective poleward transport across the boundary.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 11437-11
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  • 3
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    Tropospheric ozone in the vicinity of the ozone hole - 1987 Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Results are presented on ozone measurements in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere over Antarctica, obtained by NASA DC-8 aircraft during the August/September 1987 Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment. The ozone mixing ratios as high as several hundred ppbv were measured, but in all cases these ratios were observed in pockets of upper atmospheric air, both in the vicinity of and away from the location of the ozone hole. The background ozone values in the surrounding troposphere were typically in the range of 20-50 ppbv. Correlation of tropospheric ozone observations with the boundaries of the ozone hole differed in the course of the experiment. During the August 28 - September 2 flights, encounters with ozone-rich air were limited, and the background tropospheric ozone appeared to decrease beneath the hole. For the later flights, and as the ozone hole deepened, the ozone-rich air was frequently observed in the vicinity of the hole, and the average ozone values at the flight altitude were frequently higher than the background values.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 16537-16
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  • 4
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    Intercomparison of ozone measurements over Antarctica (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Measurements of the abundances of ozone over Antarctica in August and September 1987 obtained during the Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment are intercompared. These measurements of ozone concentrations and total column abundance were obtained by three satellite instruments, two IR and one UV column-measuring instruments aboard the DC-8, one in situ DC-8, and two in situ ER-2 instruments, an upward looking lidar aboard the DC-8, and ozone sondes from four sites in Antarctica. This paper presents a summary of the ozone data, using the data and accuracies given by the individual investigators in the individual papers in this issue, without any attempt to critically review or evaluate the data. In general, very good agreement (within about 10-20 percent, limited by natural variability) among the various techniques was found, with no systematic biases detected. These observations confirm the low ozone amounts reported in the Antarctic stratosphere.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 16557-16
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  • 5
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    Variations in the stratospheric ozone field inferred from Nimbus satellite observations. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The ultraviolet earth radiance data from the backscatter ultraviolet experiment on Nimbus 4 have been inverted to infer ozone profiles using a single Rayleigh scattering model. Two methods of solution give essentially the same results. Comparison of these profiles with simultaneous rocket sounding data shows satisfactory agreement at low and middle latitudes. Vertical cross-sections of ozone mixing ratio along the orbital tracks indicate that while the gross characteristics of the ozone field above 10 mb are under photochemical control, the influence of atmospheric motions can be found up to the 4 mb level.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    The Nimbus-4 backscatter ultraviolet /BUV/ atmospheric ozone experiment Two years' operation. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Review of some of the procedures and results of the double monochromator and colinear photometer Nimbus-4 satellite experiment that measures ultraviolet terrestrial radiance, Lambert reflectivity of the lower boundary of the scattering atmosphere, and extraterrestrial solar irradiance. The experiment has produced nearly three years of almost continuous data which are being used to infer the high-level ozone distribution and total ozone on a global basis. The high-level ozone data have been verified by independent coincident rocket ozone soundings, and the total ozone values show good agreement with Dobson spectrophotometer determinations. An increase has been observed in equatorial radiance at 2550 A relative to 2900 A, which seems to indicate that the amount of ozone in the upper stratosphere is related to the eleven-year solar cycle.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Global ozone data from the meteor-3/TOMS ultraviolet spectrometer (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-31
    Beschreibung: A new TOMS instrument (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) was launched from the Plesetsk Cosomodrome, Russia on August 15, 1991. The purpose of the joint project between the U.S. and Russia was to continue the long-term record of ozone measurements from Nimbus-7/TOMS (launched in October 1978). Ozone data from the two satellites compare very closely. When the orbital positions were nearly the same, the comparison over the entire globe showed an offset of 2 percent with a standard deviation of 5 percent. Comparisons were made with several ground based M124 and Dobson stations showing good agreement in absolute value and with the day-to-day variations seen by the ground stations.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Ozone in the Troposphere and Stratosphere, Part 2; p 877-882
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Implications of AAOE observations for proposed chemical explanations of the seasonal and interannual behavior of Antarctic ozone (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Model simulations were used to investigate the seasonal and interannual behavior of ozone for different choices of initial odd nitrogen concentration in July and different assumptions on the heterogeneous reactions, with particular consideration given to the possible contribution of chlorine chemistry to the ozone hole phenomenon. The numerical experiments were selected based on the simulations of the observed trace gas concentrations during the Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment in 1987. In all cases considered, the catalytic cycle associated with the formation and photolysis of Cl2O2 could account for more than half of the photochemical removal of O3 within the Antarctic vortex through mid-September. The reaction of BrO with ClO, which accounts for 15-20 percent of O3 removal in the same period, tends to play a more important role toward the end of September, when the concentration of ClO is expected to decrease. No simple relationship was found between the increase in chlorine lavel and the interannual decrease in Antarctic O3.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 16705-16
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Ozone, jet streaks, and severe weather (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Data obtained with the total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) onboard the Nimbus-7 satellite are presented. An attempt is made to relate and synthesize TOMS data with conventional radiosonde analyses and with midtropospheric moisture data available from the VISSR onboard the GOES. Case studies are described which relate the potential vorticity structure of the upper troposphere to the total ozone distribution as measured by TOMS. Cyclogenesis, frontogenesis, and the formation of severe weather outbreaks are then related to jet streaks and their characteristic ozone signature. It is shown that the primary maxima of ozone and potential vorticity are associated with cold advection and subsidence in the main upper-air trough as suggested earlier. The secondary maxima of the three quantities diagnosed in the present work appear in the left front quadrant of a jet streak, revealing the importance of transverse, secondary motions induced by a jet streak above the level of maximum winds in further modifying the potential vorticity and ozone structures.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Effects of the August 1972 solar particle events on stratospheric ozone (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: High-energy proton data obtained by polar-orbiting satellite and several balloon flights are used to derive the spatial extent and ionization profiles of regions irradiated by the intense solar particle events (SPE) of August 1972. Backscattered ultraviolet ozone sensors on the Nimbus 4 satellite identified and tracked the polar ozone cavity created by particle ionization during the intense, ten-hour period of August 4, which persisted and rotated as a semirigid mass in an east-to-west direction during 53 days of continuous tracking. Time-dependent chemistry calculations have been performed to show the cause, magnitude, and temporal features of the ozone reduction. Attempts to verify the predicted temperature changes have been unsuccessful due to limitations in the temperature measurement techniques used.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; Mar. 1
    Format: text
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  • 11
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    Variations in the stratospheric ozone field inferred from Nimbus satellite observations (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-27
    Beschreibung: The ultraviolet earth radiance data from the Backscatter Ultraviolet Experiment on Nimbus 4 have been inverted to infer ozone profiles using a single Rayleigh scattering model. Two methods of solution give essentially the same results. Comparisons of these profiles with simultaneous rocket sounding data shows satisfactory agreement at low and middle latitudes. Vertical cross sections of ozone mixing ratio along the orbital tracks indicate that while the gross characteristics of the ozone field above 10 mb are under photochemical control, the influence of atmospheric motions can be found up to the 4 mb level.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA-TM-X-66108 , X-651-72-431
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 12
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    The Nimbus-4 backscatter ultraviolet (BUV) atmospheric ozone experiment two years operation (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-27
    Beschreibung: The Backscatter Ultraviolet (BUV) experiment aboard the Nimbus-4 satellite is discussed. This double monochromator experiment measures ultraviolet terrestrial radiance at 12 discrete wavelengths between 2550 A and 3400 A. Approximately 100 scans covering a 230 kilometer square are made between terminator crossings on the daylight side of the earth. A colinear photometer channel with the same field of view is used to derive the Lambert reflectivity of the lower boundary of the scattering atmosphere. The extraterrestrial solar irradiance is measured at the northern terminator. The instrument has currently produced almost three years of nearly continuous data which are being used to infer the high-level ozone distribution and total ozone on a global basis. The high-level ozone data have been verified by independent coincident rocket ozone soundings, and the total ozone values show good agreement with Dobson spectrophotometer determinations as well as those made with the Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer also on Nimbus-4.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA-TM-X-66204 , X-651-73-64
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 13
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    Estimation of total ozone from satellite measurements of backscattered ultraviolet earth radiance (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-27
    Beschreibung: Estimation of total ozone from Nimbus 4 satellite measurements of backscattered ultraviolet earth radiance
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA-TM-X-65576 , X-651-71-223
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 14
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    Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling of Nitrate Concentration in a Forest Stream Affected by Large‐Scale Forest Dieback (2021)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-21
    Beschreibung: The ecosystem function of vegetation to attenuate export of nutrients is of substantial importance for securing water quality. This ecosystem function is at risk of deterioration due to an increasing risk of large‐scale forest dieback under climate change. The present study explores the response of the nitrogen (N) cycle of a forest catchment in the Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany, in the face of a severe bark beetle (Ips typographus Linnaeus) outbreak and resulting large‐scale forest dieback using top‐down statistical‐mechanistic modeling. Outbreaks of bark beetle killed the dominant tree species Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.) in stands accounting for 55% of the catchment area. A Bayesian hierarchical model that predicts daily stream NO3 concentration (C) over three decades with discharge (Q) and temperature (T) (C‐Q‐T relationship) outperformed alternative statistical models. A catchment model was subsequently developed to explain the C‐Q‐T relationship in top‐down fashion. Annually varying parameter estimates provide mechanistic interpretations of the catchment processes. Release of NO3 from decaying litter after the dieback was tracked by an increase of the nutrient input parameter cs0. The slope of C‐T relation was near zero during this period, suggesting that the nutrient release was beyond the regulating capacity of the vegetation and soils. Within a decade after the dieback, the released N was flushed out and nutrient retention capacity was restored with the regrowth of the vegetation.
    Beschreibung: Key Points: Pulse of nitrate export from a forest catchment in response to bark beetle infestation followed by recovery of nutrient retention capacity Top‐down, data‐driven Bayesian hierarchical model assists mechanistic interpretation of hydrochemical processes Concentration‐discharge‐temperature relationship is shaped by spatial heterogeneity of nutrient and seasonality of biogeochemical reactions
    Schlagwort(e): 551.48 ; Bark beetle ; Bayesian hierarchical modeling ; forest dieback ; nitrate
    Materialart: article
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  • 15
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    An improved rocket ozonesonde (Rocoz-A). III - Northern mid-latitude ozone measurements from 1983 to 1985 (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The results of the ozone measurements taken during rocket-busted flights of the rocket ozonesonde Rocoz-A at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility from August 1983 to September 1985 are presented. Nineteen profiles were obtained using Rocoz-A and electrochemical concentration cell ozonesondes, standard U.S. meteorological radiosondes, and Super-Loki datasondes. The results were found to agree with the Krueger and Minzner (1976) midlatitude ozone model for the 1976 U.S. Standard Atmosphere.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 2239-225
    Format: text
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