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  • 1
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    Unknown
    Late Pleistocene to modern precipitation changes at the Paranal clay pan, central Atacama Desert (2023)
    Zenodo
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Atacama Desert in Chile is known to be one of the driest deserts on Earth, with dominating hyperaridity at least since the Miocene. During recent times, however, especially the southern part of the Atacama repeatedly experienced exceptional precipitation events, like in 2015 and 2017. Locally, these events with high rainfall rates caused catastrophic floods with significant destruction and human fatalities. Although the meteorological drivers of these heavy rains are widely understood, only little is known about the frequency and amplitude of similar events on geological timescales. Here we present the results of a study on an endorheic clay pan at the southern edge of the hyperarid core of the Atacama, an area with a mean precipitation of ap-prox. 5 mm per year. A modern ground-truthing approach combining sediment data, remote-sensing and meteorological data as well as climate-modelling was applied. Our observations indicate that the clay pan reacted very sensitively to local precipitation during the past 30 years, with four events 〉20 mm total rain causing sufficient surface run-off in the catchment to partially flood the basin. Comparative analyses of the four events illustrate that the amount of run-off is dependent on the maximum rain rate during the events rather than the total rain sum. A 1.88-m long sediment core recovered from the centre of the clay pan records the local hydrological and -environmental history since the Late Pleistocene. Sedimentological, mineralogical, geochemical, and biological core analyses imply strong variations in the ampli-tude of the recorded rainfall, with a clear shift from enhanced alluvial activity caused by higher-amplitude rain events during the Late Pleistocene to lower-amplitude Holocene events. The Holocene background sedimentation is superimposed by seven severe “Millennial-scale rain events”, which imply precipitation maxima on sub-orbital timescales that are potentially driven by changes in the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The results of the study shed new light on the glacial-interglacial but also the sub-orbital precipitation variability in the Coastal Cordil-lera of the Atacama Desert and its potential driving mechanisms, and provide perspectives of the future precipitation development in the region under progressive global warming.
    Keywords: Climatology/Meteorology/Atmosphere ; Paleoclimate Proxies ; Climate Models
    Type: DataPaper , Paper Preprint
    Format: PDF
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    DATA GFZ
  • 2
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    Unknown
    ScanArray Core (1G 2012-2017) (2012)
    The ScanArray consortium
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The ScanArray experiment is a major collaborative effort of institutions in Scandinavia and Germany to map crustal and mantle structure below Scandinavia using a dense temporary deployment of broadband seismometers. Scientific questions to be addressed include (among others): 1. What supports the topographic high of the Scandes? 2. How does lithospheric thickness vary within Fennoscandia? 3. What is the internal fabric of the mantle lithosphere? 4. Are there differences in the crustal structure between the different blocks of Fennoscandia? This data set, termed ScanArray core, comprises the temporary stations deployed by the University of Copenhagen, the University of Aarhus, and the University of Oslo, the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and the GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) as part of the ScanArray experiment. Stations within this dataset are deployed for periods between 2 and 4 years. Data are available from the GFZ seismological data archive with network code 1G. Waveform data will be fully opened in early 2020. The wider ScanArray dataset additionally includes the multi-use temporary deployments Neonor2 (FDSN-code 2D, University of Bergen, NORSAR) and ScanLips3D (University of Leicester; archived at IRIS DMC), and the permanent networks of Sweden (UP, SNSN), Norway (NS, NNSN), Denmark (DK, DNSN) and Finland (HE, FNSN) as well as a subset of NORSAR stations (NO). The SNSN rearranged the distribution of broadband seismometers and deployed additional temporary stations to meet the objectives of the ScanArray experiment. ScanArray core and these other networks (except ScanLips3D) jointly form the virtual network _SCANARRAY. Partners of the ScanArray consortium are: University of Aarhus, Uppsala University, University of Oslo, University of Bergen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, NORSAR, University of Copenhagen, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) and Istanbul Technical University.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Lithosphere ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: Greater than 450 GB
    Format: Approximately 200GB per year for 2014/2015
    Format: 44 stations in 2014
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    DATA GFZ
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