ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Wiley  (1,037,697)
  • Oxford University Press  (428,974)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • MDPI Publishing
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Language
Years
  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Towards a Vigilant Society (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Towards a Vigilant Society sheds light on the emergence of a new society of vigilance, in particular the actions of anti-migrant groups around Dover and Calais. Based on field research on both sides of the channel, it studies the dynamics of these groups – midway between a social movement and vigilantism – at these two key points in the international migration route between the European Union and the United Kingdom. In recent years, a series of anti-migrant groups have been mobilising on both sides of the Channel to counter migrations. Their actions range from demonstrations, to violence against migrants. And by staging their actions on social media, which is an extraordinary sounding board, these groups can build an online community and a mass audience, influencing public opinion and even the migration policies of states.
    Keywords: Vigilantism Citizen participation in policing Securitisation Social reaction to migration Anti-migrant groups Far-right social movements Calais Dover Neighbourhood watches ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFH Migration, immigration and emigration ; thema EDItEUR::5 Interest qualifiers::5P Relating to specific groups and cultures or social and cultural interests::5PB Relating to peoples: ethnic groups, indigenous peoples, cultures and other groupings of people::5PBC Relating to migrant groups / diaspora communities or peoples ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFG Refugees and political asylum
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    City of Equals (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: When we think about equality in the city, we are very likely to think first of the wide and growing divide between rich and poor, in material terms. Yet when we think more about a 'city of equals' it becomes apparent that how people feel treated by the city and those around them, and whether they can live according to their values, are much more central. Accordingly, combining their own reflections, a multi-disciplinary literature review, and, distinctively, more than 180 interviews in 10 cities in 6 countries, Wolff and de Shalit have derived an account of a city of equals based on the idea that it should give each of its city-zens a secure sense of place or belonging. Four underlying values structure this account. First, access to the goods and services of the city should not be based purely on the market. Second, each person should be able to live a life they find meaningful. Third, there should be diversity and wide social mixing. Fourth, there should be 'non-deferential inclusion': each person should be able to get access to what they are entitled to without being treated as less worthy than others. They should be able to enjoy their rights without bowing and scraping, waiting longer than others, or going through special bureaucratic hurdles. In sum, in a city of equals each person is proud of their city and has the (justified) feeling that their city is proud of (people like) them.
    Keywords: cities, equality, inequality, relational equality, equality in the city, inclusion, diversity, social mixing, public reflective equilibrium, urban political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Ethics of Surveillance in Times of Emergency (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: The Covid-19 pandemic is arguably the first international emergency of the twenty-first century. In order to respond to this emergency, countries and governments around the world were forced to engage in a range of actions and policies that would not otherwise have been permitted. Looking in particular at the use of surveillance technologies, this book examines the challenge of ethics in emergencies. What can states do to keep their populations safe, what can citizens expect of their governments, and when are those government actions unjustified? By looking at the use of surveillance in times of emergency, this book explores ethical, philosophical, political, and social concepts, challenges them, and offers a set of views on where those concepts may evolve into the future. As a global population, we will be faced with emergencies, and it is possible that these will also be global in their impact. The ethics of surveillance in times of emergency is both of its time, and ongoing; we must learn our lessons from the last emergency, to be prepared for the next ones.
    Keywords: applied ethics, surveillance, emergency ethics, pandemics, public health ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Format: image/jpeg
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    What Is Structural Injustice? (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: What is Structural Injustice? is the first edited collection to bring together the voices of leading structural injustice scholars from politics, philosophy and law to explore the concept of structural injustice which has now become a central feature of all three disciplines and is considered by many to be a ‘field of study.’ The volume features specially selected original and essential works on structural injustice. The volume provides a range of disciplinary, ontological and epistemological perspectives on what structural injustice is and includes feminist and post-colonial theories to interrogate how structural injustice exacerbates and reproduces existing inequalities and relations of power. This book aims to become a touchstone text for those interested in the different ways we can understand structural injustice, how it manifests, how it relates to other forms of injustice, who is responsible for its redress and the different ways we might go about it. This book will appeal to a wide audience of students, both undergraduate and postgraduate, as well as the general academic population, experts on structural injustice, interested practitioners in politics and members of the public.
    Keywords: " Structural injustice, politics, philosophy, law, ontology, epistemology, feminism, power, historical injustice. " ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Just Prospering? Plato and the Sophistic Debate about Justice (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book argues that Plato’s Republic must be understood as developing out of a 5th Century sophistic debate. In Part One the author presents a new analysis of the sophists and their extant texts addressing the important topics of justice and its value. This part shows that already in the 5th Century there was a robust debate about whether the just or unjust life was better for the self-interested individual, and that multiple sophistic authors made inventive and philosophically sophisticated arguments on both sides of this debate. The Moral Cynics argues that the intelligent individual was better off being unjust, whereas the Friends of Justice defended the idea that the just life was better for human beings. Part Two argues that Plato was very much aware of this debate and that in a number of dialogues—but most importantly in Republic—he engaged with this debate. The immoralist challenge that Glaucon and Adeimantus pose to Socrates early in Republic draws from the arguments of the 5th Century Moral Cynics and moreover identifies problems with the arguments of the 5th Century Friends of Justice. By having Socrates make an argument that overcomes the theoretical weaknesses of the earlier Friends of Justice, Plato is able to pose a new defence of justice that is more effective at responding to the Moral Cynics. The book’s analysis of Republic suggests new readings for certain important passages, such as the division of goods.
    Keywords: Justice Prospering [εὐδαιμονία] Plato The Sophists The History of Moral and Political Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHA Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues::LAB Methods, theory and philosophy of law ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3C BCE period – Protohistory ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1Q Other geographical groupings: Oceans and seas, historical, political etc::1QB Historical states, empires, territories and regions::1QBA Ancient World::1QBAG Ancient Greece
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Landscape, Religion, and the Supernatural (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-19
    Description: Landscape, Religion, and the Supernatural presents a summa of current and classic theorizing on religion and the supernatural in relationship to the land and develops this theorizing further by confronting it with a rich set of folkloristic and historical data. Focusing on the themes of “time and memory,” “repeating patterns,” “identity formation,” “morality,” “labor,” “playfulness and adventure,” “power and subversion,” “sound,” “emotions,” “coping with contingency,” “home and unhomeliness,” and “nature and environment,” the book engages with a broad range of theoretical concepts and approaches from the interdisciplinary field of landscape theory and the study of religions. It brings this theorizing into dialogue with the rich culture of local storytelling and landscape-related traditional beliefs of the Strandir district of the Icelandic Westfjords. In this rural region, landscape-related traditions have been collected since the early nineteenth century and continue to be important to this day. Confronting this rich heritage with the insights of landscape theory both in and beyond the study of religions allows important new contributions to theorizing landscape and religion, especially when it comes to considering the perspectives on landscape held by rural populations rather than the urban upper classes that have stood in the focus of research to date. The example of the Icelandic Westfjords shows the extreme richness of religious and supernatural approaches to the landscape that can be developed in rural communities, and how they are significantly and characteristically different from the urban perspectives of literature and the arts.
    Keywords: landscape, religion, supernatural, space, place, folklore, folk belief, Iceland ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBT History: specific events & topics::HBTP Historical geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSL Ethnic studies::JFSL9 Indigenous peoples
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Politics and the Urban Frontier (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Despite the rise of global technocratic ideals of city-making, cities around the world are not merging into indistinguishable duplicates of one another. In fact, as the world urbanizes, urban formations remain diverse in their socio-economic and spatial characteristics, with varying potential to foster economic development and social justice. This book argues that these differences are primarily rooted in politics, and if we continue to view cities as economic and technological projects to be managed rather than terrains of political bargaining and contestation, the quest for better urban futures is doomed to fail. Dominant critical approaches to urban development tend to explain difference with reference to the variegated impacts of neoliberal regulatory institutions. This, however, neglects the multiple ways in which the wider politics of capital accumulation and distribution drive divergent forms of transformation in different urban places. In order to unpack the politics that shapes differential urban development, this book focuses on East Africa as the global urban frontier: the least urbanized but fastest urbanizing region in the world. Drawing on a decade of research spanning three case-study countries (Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Uganda), Politics and the Urban Frontier provides the first sustained, book-length comparative analysis of urban development trajectories in Eastern Africa and the political dynamics underpinning them. Through a focus on infrastructure investment, urban propertyscapes, street-level trading economies, and urban political protest, it offers a multi-scalar, historically grounded, and interdisciplinary analysis of the urban transformations unfolding in the world’s most dynamic crucible of urban change.
    Keywords: urban development, East Africa, comparative urban politics, late urbanization, infrastructure, planning, protest, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Uganda ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVS Regional / urban economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCG Economic growth ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography::RGCM Economic geography
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Social Democratic Capitalism (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: What configuration of institutions and policies is most conducive to human flourishing? The historical and comparative evidence suggests that the answer is social democratic capitalism — a democratic political system, a capitalist economy, good elementary and secondary schooling, a big welfare state, pro-employment public services, and moderate regulation of product and labor markets. Lane Kenworthy shows that this system improves living standards for the least well-off, enhances economic security, and boosts equality of opportunity. And it does so without sacrificing other things we want in a good society, from liberty to economic growth to health and happiness. Its chief practitioners have been the Nordic nations. The Nordics have gone farther than other rich democratic countries in coupling a big welfare state with public services that promote high employment and modest product- and labor-market regulations. Many believe this system isn’t transferable beyond Scandinavia, but Kenworthy shows that social democratic capitalism and its successes can be replicated in other affluent nations, including the United States. Today, the U.S. lags behind other countries in economic security, opportunity, and shared prosperity. If the U.S. expanded existing social programs and added some additional ones, many Americans would have better lives. Kenworthy argues that, despite formidable political obstacles, the U.S. is likely to move toward social democratic capitalism in coming decades. As a country gets richer, he explains, it becomes more willing to spend more in order to safeguard against risk and enhance fairness. He lays out a detailed policy agenda that could alleviate many of America’s problems.
    Keywords: Social democratic capitalism, American politics, comparative politics, Western European politics, democracy, capitalism, welfare state, economic reform, regulation, economic equality ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations::JPSL Geopolitics
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Languages and Communities in the Late-Roman and Post-Imperial Western Provinces (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Languages are central to the creation and expression of identities and cultures, as well as to life itself, yet the linguistic variegation of the later-Roman and post-imperial period in the Roman West is remarkably understudied. A deeper understanding of this important issue is crucial to any reconstruction of the broader story of linguistic continuity and change in Europe and the Mediterranean, as well as to the history of the communities who wrote, read, and spoke Latin and other languages. In spite of intensive study of culture and ethnic identity in late antiquity, language has often been neglected, a neglect encouraged by the disciplinary boundaries between linguists and historians, Romanists, and medievalists. There is no single volume that sets out the main developments, key features, and debates of the later-Roman and post-imperial linguistic environment. The linguistic landscapes of the late-Roman and post-imperial West are difficult to uncover and describe, while attempts to speak across disciplinary divides are challenging. The contributors have tackled this subject by offering detailed coverage of the Iberian Peninsula, North Africa, Gaul, the Germanies, Britain, and Ireland. This volume, the third in the LatinNow series, helps readers to understand better the embeddedness, or not, of Latin, at different social levels and across provinces, to consider (socio)linguistic variegation, bilingualism and multilingualism, and attitudes towards languages, and to confront the complex role of language in the communities, identities, and cultures of the later and post-imperial Roman West.
    Keywords: early middle ages, Gaul, the Germanies, Iberian Peninsula, later Roman world, Latin, local language, sociolinguistics, western provinces ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFB Sociolinguistics
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Gauge theory of elementary particle physics (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Students of particle physics often find it difficult to locate resources to learn calculational techniques. Intermediate steps are not usually given in the research literature. To a certain extent, this is also the case even in some of the textbooks. In this book of worked problems we have made an effort to provide enough details so that a student starting in the field will understand the solution in each case. Our hope is that with this step-by-step guidance, students (after first attempting the solution themselves) can develop their skill, and confidence in their ability, to work out particle theory problems.
    Keywords: nuclear physics, mathematical and statistical physics, pure mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHS Statistical physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHF Materials / States of matter ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHF Materials / States of matter::PHFC Condensed matter physics (liquid state and solid state physics) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHK Electricity, electromagnetism and magnetism ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHU Mathematical physics
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 11
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Babies in Groups (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Babies in Groups examines the consequences for science, for childcare policy, and for adult psychotherapy, of findings that young babies capably enjoy participating in groups. The authors’ research on preverbal infants’ capacities for group-communication in all-baby trios and quartets opens up new ways of imagining human development as fundamentally group-based. Babies in Groups highlights the changes a group-based vision of infancy brings to early child education and care by documenting the transformative consequences of introducing group-based practices into a high-quality childcare service in rural Australia. The book also examines the ways in which the belief that one-to-one infant-adult ‘attachments’ grounds human development unnecessarily narrows understanding of human potential, and slants scientific research. This examination culminates by showing how ignoring group contexts in many clinical traditions can distort descriptions of what happens in therapy, producing such unintended consequences as ‘mother-blaming’ for the future problems an infant may experience as she or he grows up.
    Keywords: attachment theory; childcare; childcare policy; cultural criticism; dyadic vision; early education; group psychology; human evolution; intersubjectivity; psychotherapy. ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMC Child, developmental and lifespan psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools and pre-schools::JNLA Pre-school and kindergarten ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMH Social, group or collective psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 12
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Politics of Revenue Bargaining in Africa (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: This book examines the politics of revenue bargaining in Africa in a time when attention to domestic revenue mobilisation has expanded immensely. Measures to increase taxes and other revenues can -but do not always- lead to a process of bargaining, where revenue providers negotiate for some kind of a return. This book offers in-depth analyses of micro-instances of revenue bargaining across five African countries: Mozambique, Senegal, Tanzania, Togo, and Uganda. All case studies draw on a common theoretical framework combining the fiscal contract theory with the political settlement approach, which enables a systematic exploration into what triggers revenue bargaining; how these processes unfold; and finally, if and when they reach an agreement (whether a fiscal contract or not). From the empirically rich case narratives emerges a story of how power and initial bargaining position influence not only whether bargaining emerges in the first place, but also the processes and their outcomes. Less resourceful taxpayers are in a more difficult position to raise their voice, but in some cases even these groups manage to ally with other civil society groups to protest against tax reforms they perceive as unfair. Indirect taxes such as VAT often trigger protests, and so do sudden changes in tax practices. Revenue providers rarely call for improved services in return for paying tax, which would be expected to nurture the foundation for a fiscal social contract. Instead, revenue providers are more likely to negotiate for tax reductions, implying that governments’ effort to increase revenue is impeded. We do find many instances of state-society reciprocity when ruling elites try to be responsive to revenue providers’ demands. Hence, this book gives insight into the nature and dynamics not only of revenue bargaining but of policy-making in general as well as the implications hereof for state-society reciprocity in Africa.
    Keywords: Revenue bargaining; fiscal contract; political settlement; Africa; taxation; state-society relations; political economy; domestic revenue mobilisation; reciprocity; comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1H Africa
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 13
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Social Factors in the Latinization of the Roman West (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Latinization is a strangely overlooked topic. Historians have noted it has been ‘taken for granted’ and viewed as an unremarkable by-product of ‘Romanization’, despite its central importance for understanding the Roman provincial world, its life and languages. This volume aims to fill the gap in our scholarship, along with its sister volumes, Latinization, Local Languages and Literacies in the Roman West and Languages and Communities in the Late-Roman and Post-Imperial Western Provinces, all outputs of the European Research Council-funded LatinNow project. Experts have been selected to create a multidisciplinary volume with a thematic approach to the vast subject, tackling administration, army, economy, law, mobility, religion (local and imperial religions and Christianity), social status, and urbanism. They situate the phenomena of Latinization, literacy, bi-, and multilingualism within local and broader social developments and draw together materials and arguments that have not before been coordinated in a single volume. The result is a comprehensive guide to the theme, which also offers original and more experimental work. The sociolinguistic, historical, and archaeological contributions reinforce, expand, and sometimes challenge our vision of Latinization and lay the foundations for future explorations.
    Keywords: army, economy, education, law, Latinization, mobility, religion, Roman western provinces, sociolinguistics, status, urbanism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFB Sociolinguistics
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 14
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Practical Playbook III (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Every day, two or three women die because of pregnancy or childbirth. Nearly 80% of these deaths are preventable. These outcomes disproportionately impact racialized populations, including Black and Indigenous women, who are two to three times more likely to die. The Practical Playbook III: Working Together to Improve Maternal Health is a guide for maternal health stakeholders (like researchers, community activists, providers, and advocates) offering practical tools and strategies to address inequities in maternal health services and outcomes. With contributions from more than 150 authors, each chapter offers a different strategy that stakeholders can apply to improve maternal health in their community. The 50 chapters are divided into six main sections: Section I, Introduction; Section II, Collaborations; Section III, Equity; Section IV, Data; Section V, Innovations; and Section VI, Systems and Scalability. The chapters focus on ways to save mothers by centering equity, collaborating with people with lived experience, building better data systems, piloting and expanding innovations, and leveraging resources to scale and sustain what works. Throughout the book, readers encounter stories from women and birthing people that bring the problems and solutions into better focus. The editors are committed to continuing to share information about initiatives that are moving the needle through our online platforms.
    Keywords: Maternal Mortality, Maternal Morbidity Racial Disparities, maternal health equity, maternal health stakeholders, playbook, Maternal Health Data, Collaboration, Innovation, Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKC Gynaecology and obstetrics ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine::MBNS Epidemiology and Medical statistics
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 15
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Comparing the Worth of the While in Fiji and Finland (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-19
    Description: Comparing the Worth of the While in Fiji and Finland presents comparative case studies of clock time from Fiji and Finland in order to ask what other values is time capable of expressing besides monetary worth – what “else” can time be besides money? Time is a highly particular vehicle for different considerations of what is good or important, but it is also one which is deployed at different settings with surprisingly little consideration for the specificity of this particular a value form. This book looks into the different ways in which time is deployed in value projects in Fiji and Finland, not just to point out the various possible ways of allocating value to time, but to show that European clock-time, just like its Oceanic counterparts, requires a great deal of conceptual work to make it serve as vehicle of valuation. The cases analysed in the book range from considerations of rank and conspicuous leisure in Fiji to Finnish timebanking, taxation, and university auditing.
    Keywords: Fiji, Finland, time, value, anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PG Astronomy, space & time::PGZ Time (chronology), time systems & standards ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 16
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Impact of the Inter-American Human Rights System (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: The Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS) fosters structural transformations throughout the Americas. This collection of analyses builds upon the studies on Ius Constitutionale Commune en América Latina and Latin American transformative constitutionalism to map out both the ground-level human rights impact of the IAHRS and the institutional characteristics that have enabled such fundamental changes in social reality. The volume starts with essays framing the concept and context of IAHRS impact. Then it navigates thematic analyses on specific rights and types of violations that are front and center to the protection of human rights in Latin America. The concluding essays explore whether and how it is possible to optimize the actions of the Inter-American System, indicating possible paths to increase positive human rights impact. The editors contend that the IAHRS victim-centric approach, community of practice, and openness to institutional reinvention have enabled it to create a virtuous cycle that catalyzes human rights in the Americas, furthering democracy and the Rule of Law throughout the continent.
    Keywords: Inter-American System, impact, human rights, Transformative Constitutionalism, Latin America ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law::LBBZ Public international law: criminal law ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1K The Americas::1KL Latin America – Mexico, Central America, South America ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law::LBBR Public international law: human rights
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 17
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Nature of Physical Computation (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computing systems are everywhere today. Even the brain is thought to be a sort of computing system. But what does it mean to say that a given organ or system computes? What is it about laptops, smartphones, and nervous systems that they are deemed to compute, and why does it seldom occur to us to describe stomachs, hurricanes, rocks, or chairs that way? The book provides an extended argument for the semantic view of computation, which states that semantic properties are involved in the nature of computing systems. Laptops, smartphones, and nervous systems compute because they are accompanied by representations. Stomachs, hurricanes, and rocks, for instance, which do not have semantic properties, do not compute. The first part of the book argues that the linkage between the mathematical theory of computability and the notion of physical computation is weak. Theoretical notions such as algorithms, effective procedure, program, and automaton play only a minor role in identifying physical computation. The second part of the book reviews three influential accounts of physical computation and argues that while none of these accounts is satisfactory, each of them highlights certain key features of physical computation. The final part of the book develops and argues for a semantic account of physical computation and offers a characterization of computational explanations.
    Keywords: Metaphysics; Philosophy of Mathematics & Logic; Philosophy of Computational Science; Philosophy of Mathematics & Logic ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 18
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Access to Power (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Pakistan would desperately like to produce enough electricity, but it usually doesn’t. This is the rare issue on which government and private sector can unite, and it is the cause of suffering for rich and poor alike across the entirety of the country. Despite prioritization by successive governments, targeted reforms shaped by international development actors, and featuring prominently in Chinese Belt and Road Investments, the Pakistani power sector still stifles economic and social life across the country. This book explores state capacity in Pakistan by following the material infrastructure of electricity across the provinces and down into cities and homes. It argues that the national challenges of budgetary constraints and power shortages directly result from conscious strategic decisions that are integral to Pakistan’s infrastructural state. Electricity shortages are one of the many poor governance outcomes characteristic of low- and middle-income countries. Standard development thinking points to an absence of institutions in comparison with an idealized and distant other country, with governance reform programs formulated accordingly. However, an orientation toward what Pakistan is not takes us away from how it actually functions and to whose benefit. Electricity governance in Pakistan reinforces relations of power between provinces and the federal center, contributes to the marginalization of subordinate groups in the city, and orients citizens toward a patronage-based relationship with the state through encounters with street-level bureaucrats. Looking through the lens of the electrical power sector reveals how Pakistan works, and for whom.
    Keywords: state capacity, infrastructure, electricity, Pakistan, urban, ethnography, institutions, political economy, development, China–Pakistan Economic Corridor ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 19
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Would Democratic Socialism Be Better? (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: The case for a modern democratic humane socialism typically has two parts. The first is that capitalism is bad, at or least not very good. In reaching this conclusion, most have either analyzed a theoretical ideal-type of capitalism or used a single country, often the United States, as a stand-in for capitalism. To fully and fairly assess democratic socialism’s desirability, we need to compare it to the best version of capitalism that humans have devised: social democratic capitalism, or what is often called the Nordic model. Each chapter in this book examines one of the things that we should want in a good society, that contemporary democratic socialists typically say they want, and that socialism might, conceivably, improve our ability to achieve: an end to poverty in rich countries, an end to poverty everywhere, more jobs, decent jobs, faster economic growth, inclusive growth, more public goods and services, affordable healthcare for all, helpful finance, truly democratic politics, economic democracy, less economic inequality, gender and racial equality, more community, and a livable planet. The book offers a close look at the evidence about how capitalist economies have performed on these outcomes, with particular attention to the performance of social democratic capitalism. The second part of the case for democratic socialism is the notion that it would be an improvement. For each of these outcomes, the book considers what, if anything, we can conclude about whether democratic socialism would do better than social democratic capitalism.
    Keywords: capitalism, socialism, Nordic model, poverty, employment, democracy, equality, inclusion, community ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations::JPSL Geopolitics
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 20
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Mental Imagery (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This book is about mental imagery and the important work it does in our mental life. It plays a crucial role in the vast majority of our perceptual episodes. It also helps us understand many of the most puzzling features of perception (like the way it is influenced in a top-down manner and the way different sense modalities interact). But mental imagery also plays a very important role in emotions, action execution, and even in our desires. In sum, there are very few mental phenomena that mental imagery doesn’t show up in—in some way or other. The hope is that if we understand what mental imagery is, how it works and how it is related to other mental phenomena, we can make real progress on a number of important questions about the mind. This book aims at an interdisciplinary audience. As it aims to combine philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience to understand mental imagery, I have not presupposed any prior knowledge in any of these disciplines. As a result, readers with no background in any of these disciplines can also follow the arguments.
    Keywords: mental imagery, imagination, perception, philosophy, psychology, neuroscience ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPM Philosophy of mind ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPN Philosophy: aesthetics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition & cognitive psychology::JMRP Perception ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition & cognitive psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTM Philosophy of mind ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTN Philosophy: aesthetics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition and cognitive psychology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 21
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Dynamic species distribution models of Antarctic blue whales in the Weddell Sea using visual sighting and passive acoustic monitoring data (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Diversity and Distributions, Wiley, 30(1), pp. 87-105, ISSN: 1366-9516
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-12
    Description: Aim: Species distribution models (SDMs) are essential tools in ecology and conservation. However, the scarcity of visual sightings of marine mammals in remote polar areas hinders the effective application of SDMs there. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data provide year-round information and overcome foul weather limitations faced by visual surveys. However, the use of PAM data in SDMs has been sparse so far. Here, we use PAM-based SDMs to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of the critically endangered Antarctic blue whale in the Weddell Sea. Location: The Weddell Sea. Methods: We used presence-only dynamic SDMs employing visual sightings and PAM detections in independent models. We compared the two independent models with a third combined model that integrated both visual and PAM data, aiming at leveraging the advantages of each data type: the extensive spatial extent of visual data and the broader temporal/environmental range of PAM data. Results: Visual and PAM data prove complementary, as indicated by a low spatial overlap between daily predictions and the low predictability of each model at detections of other data types. Combined data models reproduced suitable habitats as given by both independent models. Visual data models indicate areas close to the sea ice edge (SIE) and with low-to-moderate sea ice concentrations (SIC) as suitable, while PAM data models identified suitable habitats at a broader range of distances to SIE and relatively higher SIC. Main Conclusions: The results demonstrate the potential of PAM data to predict year-round marine mammal habitat suitability at large spatial scales. We provide reasons for discrepancies between SDMs based on either data type and give methodological recommendations on using PAM data in SDMs. Combining visual and PAM data in future SDMs is promising for studying vocalized animals, particularly when using recent advances in integrated distribution modelling methods.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 22
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Sustainability: We need to focus on overall system outcomes rather than simplistic targets (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3People and Nature, Wiley, ISSN: 2575-8314
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-12
    Description: Many of the global challenges that confront humanity are interlinked in a dynamic complex network, with multiple feedback loops, nonlinear interactions and interdependencies that make it difficult, if not impossible, to consider individual threats in isolation. These challenges are mainly dealt with, however, by considering individual threats in isolation (at least in political terms). The mitigation of dual climate and biodiversity threats, for example, is linked to a univariate 1.5°C global warming boundary and a global area conservation target of 30% by 2030. The situation has been somewhat improved by efforts to account for interactions through multidimensional target setting, adaptive and open management and market-based decision pathways. But the fundamental problem still remains—that complex systems such as those formed by the network of global threats have emergent properties that are more than the sum of their parts. We must learn how to deal with or live with these properties if we are to find effective ways to cope with the threats, individually and collectively. Here, we argue that recent progresses in complex systems research and related fields have enhanced our ability to analyse and model such entwined systems to the extent that it offers the promise of a new approach to sustainability. We discuss how this may be achieved, both in theory and in practice, and how human cultural factors play an important but neglected role that could prove vital to achieving success. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 23
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Arctic summer microbiome across Fram Strait: Depth, longitude, and substrate concentrations structure microbial diversity in the euphotic zone (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Microbiology, Wiley, 26, pp. e16568-e16568, ISSN: 1462-2912
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-19
    Description: The long-term dynamics of microbial communities across geographic, hydrographic, and biogeochemical gradients in the Arctic Ocean are largely unknown. To address this, we annually sampled polar, mixed, and Atlantic water masses of the Fram Strait (2015–2019; 5–100 m depth) to assess microbiome composition, substrate concentrations, and oceanographic parameters. Longitude and water depth were the major determinants (~30%) of microbial community variability. Bacterial alpha diversity was highest in lower-photic polar waters. Community composition shifted from west to east, with the prevalence of, for example, Dadabacteriales and Thiotrichales in Arctic- and Atlantic-influenced waters, respectively. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon peaked in the western, compared to carbohydrates in the chlorophyll-maximum of eastern Fram Strait. Interannual differences due to the time of sampling, which varied between early (June 2016/2018) and late (September 2019) phytoplankton bloom stages, illustrated that phytoplankton composition and resulting availability of labile substrates influence bacterial dynamics. We identified 10 species clusters with stable environmental correlations, representing signature populations of distinct ecosystem states. In context with published metagenomic evidence, our microbial-biogeochemical inventory of a key Arctic region establishes a benchmark to assess ecosystem dynamics and the imprint of climate change.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 24
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A temperature‐controlled, circular maintenance system for studying growth and development of pelagic tunicates (salps) (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography Methods, Wiley, ISSN: 1541-5856
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-29
    Description: Salps have attracted attention as zooplankton organisms that may be able to expand their habitat range and increase their ecological importance in the face of ongoing global warming. Due to their gelatinous nature, unique feeding strategy, and reproductive ecology such changes could have profound impacts on regional marine ecosystems. While their role in the regional carbon cycle is receiving attention, our knowledge of their physiology and life cycle is still limited. This knowledge gap is mainly due to their fragile gelatinous nature, which makes it difficult to capture and maintain intact specimen in the laboratory. We present here a modified kreisel tank system that has been tested onboard a research vessel with the Southern Ocean salp Salpa thompsoni and at a research station with Salpa fusiformis and Thalia democratica from the Mediterranean Sea. Successful maintenance over days to weeks allowed us to obtain relative growth and developmental rates comparable to in situ field samples of S. thompsoni and S. fusiformis, and provided insights into previously unknown features of their life cycle (e.g., testes development). Our results show that traditional methods of estimating growth, such as cohort analysis, may lead to a general overestimation of growth rates and neglect individual strategies (e.g., shrinkage), which can affect the results and conclusions drawn from population dynamic models. By providing a starting point for the successful maintenance of different species, comparable experiments on the physiology of salps is made possible. This will contribute to refining model parameters and improving the reliability of the predictions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 25
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The micro‐seismicity of Co. Donegal (Ireland): Defining baseline seismicity in a region of slow lithospheric deformation (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: A catalogue of precisely located micro-seismicity is fundamental for investigating seismicity and rock physical properties in active tectonic and volcanic regions and for the definition of a ‘baseline’ seismicity, required for a safe future exploitation of georesource areas. In this study, we produce the first manually revised catalogue of micro-seismicity for Co. Donegal region (Ireland), an area of about 50K M2 of on-going deformation, aimed at localizing natural micro-seismic events occurred between 2012 and 2015. We develop a stochastic method based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo (McMC) sampling approach to compute earthquake hypocentral location parameters. Our results indicates that micro-seismicity is present with magnitudes lower than 2 (the highest magnitude is 2.8).The recorded seismicity is almost clustered along previously mapped NE-SW trending, steeply dipping faults and confined within the upper crust (focal depth less than 10 km). We also recorded anthropogenic seismicity mostly related to quarries' activity in the study area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 62-76
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 26
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Translation, collision and vertical‐axis rotation in the Organyà and Montsec minibasins (South‐Central Pyrenees, Spain) (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: This paper presents a sequentially restored cross-section of the Organyà and Montsec minibasins based on geological mapping, new field observations and available borehole data. The main objective was to describe the geometry and evolution of both basins in terms of salt tectonics and minibasin mobility. To this end, a comprehensive palaeomagnetic database has been used to constrain vertical-axis rotations potentially related to minibasin translation and pivoting. The Organyà minibasin constitutes an asymmetric depocentre formed during the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous by translation above a southerly inclined salt layer. Salt evacuation and minibasin touchdown induced salt accumulation on the northern side of the basin that culminated in the development of the major Santa Fe unconformity during the late Albian—early Cenomanian. Indicative of salt quiescence is the following isopachous Cenomanian to lower Santonian sequence Salt tectonics resumed during the late Santonian—Palaeocene, with the Montsec minibasin downbuilding coinciding with the onset of Pyrenean convergence. Changes of the base-salt topography reflects regional-scale geodynamic processes. The acceleration of crustal thinning in the North Pyrenean zone during the late Albian-early Cenomanian favoured uplift in the Axial Zone, increasing slope and triggering salt mobilization in the Southern Pyrenees. Likewise, the onset of contraction renewed the downslope gliding of the Organyà and Montsec minbasins, and supports the idea that the early stages of basin inversion were governed by gravity tectonics. The kinematic reconstruction suggests that the more that 30° counterclockwise vertical axis rotation records pivoting during the suprasalt translation of the Organyà minibasin rather than solely the Iberian microplate rotation.
    Description: Published
    Description: e12846
    Description: OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 27
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Long‐term shifts in phenology, thermal niche, population size, and their interactions in marine pelagic copepods (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, ISSN: 0024-3590
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-08
    Description: Under climatic warming many species shift their seasonal timing of life cycle events (phenology) and seasonal abundance distribution, but whether they maintain the same thermal niche is still poorly understood. Here, we studied multidecadal trends in abundance and phenology of seven major copepod species across three stations (Stonehaven (SH), Helgoland Roads (HR), and Plymouth L4) on the North–West European shelf, spanning ~ 6.5° of latitude. All seven species consistently occupied colder temperatures at the northern station compared to the southerly station, but they maintained the same realized thermal niche over years. Expected phenological shifts (i.e., earlier when warmer) in some stations were obscured possibly by the long-term drop of copepod density in spring–summer, which may be due to a variation in the food/predators abundance. The ongoing spring–summer declines in abundance (~ 50%) of many North Atlantic pelagic species over the last five decades, as found in recent studies, may have also influenced the metrics of seasonal timing. To separate the seasonal timing of life events from that of seasonal abundance distribution, we used a time series of egg production rate (EPR) of Calanus helgolandicus at L4, and found that this shifted later into the summer–autumn over the last 30 yr of warming, coincident with declining spring–summer food and increasing predator abundance. Overall, direct temperature effects do appear to influence the seasonal timing of the copepods, but to explain impacts at individual stations or long-term trends in population size or phenology, understanding the changing balance of food and predators appears to be critical.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 28
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A multiple baseline approach for marine heatwaves (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, ISSN: 0024-3590
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Description: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Marine heatwaves and other extreme temperature events can drive biological responses, including mass mortality. However, their effects depend on how they are experienced by biological systems (including human societies). We applied two different baselines (fixed and shifting) to a time series of North Sea water temperature to explore how slowly vs. quickly adapting systems would experience extreme temperatures. We tested if the properties of marine heatwaves and the association with atmospheric heatwaves were robust to a change in baseline. A fixed baseline produced an increase in the frequency and duration of marine heatwaves, which would be experienced as the new normal by slowly adapting systems; 7 of the 10 most severe heatwaves occurred between 1990 and 2018. The shifting baseline removed the trend in the frequency but not duration of heatwaves; the 1990s appeared as a period of change in the frequency of strong and severe heatwaves as compared to the 1980s. There were also common patterns among baselines: marine heatwaves were more frequent in late summer when temperatures peak; temperature variability was characterized by low frequency, large amplitude fluctuations (i.e., as red noise), known to drive extinction events. In addition, marine heatwaves occurred during or just after atmospheric heatwaves. Our work highlights the importance of identifying properties of marine heatwaves that are robust or contingent on a change in baseline.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 29
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    New constraints on the shear wave velocity structure of the Ivrea geophysical body from seismic ambient noise tomography (Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Alps) (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Description: We performed seismic ambient noise tomography to investigate the shallow crustal structure around the Ivrea geophysical body (IGB) in the Ivrea-Verbano Zone (IVZ). We achieved higher resolution with respect to previous tomographic works covering the Western Alps, by processing seismic data collected by both permanent and temporary seismic networks (61 broad-band seismic stations in total). This included IvreaArray, a temporary, passive seismic experiment designed to investigate the IVZ crustal structure. Starting from continuous seismic ambient noise recordings, we measured and inverted the dispersion of the group velocity of surface Rayleigh waves (fundamental mode) in the period range 4–25 s. We obtained a new, 3-D vS model of the IVZ crust via the stochastic neighbourhood algorithm (NA), with the highest resolution between 3 to 40 km depth. The fast and shallow shear wave velocity anomaly associated with the IGB presents velocities of 3.6 km s−1 directly at the surface, in remarkable agreement with the location of the exposed lower-to-middle crustal and mantle outcrops. This suggests a continuity between the surface geological observations and the subsurface geophysical anomalies. The fast IGB structure reaches vS of 4 km s−1 at 20–25 km depth, at the boundary between the European and Adriatic tectonic plates, and in correspondence with the earlier identified Moho jump in the same area. The interpretation of a very shallow reaching IGB is further supported by the comparison of our new results with recent geophysical investigations, based on receiver functions and gravity anomaly data. By combining the new geophysical constraints and the geological observations at the surface, we provide a new structural interpretation of the IGB, which features lower crustal and mantle rocks at upper crustal depths. The comparison of the obtained vS values with the physical properties from laboratory analysis of local rock samples suggests that the bulk of the IGB consists of a combination of mantle peridotite, ultramafic and lower crustal rocks, bound in a heterogeneous structure. These new findings, based on vS tomography, corroborate the recent interpretation for which the Balmuccia peridotite outcrops are continuously linked to the IGB structure beneath. The new outcomes contribute to a multidisciplinary framework for the interpretation of the forthcoming results of the scientific drilling project DIVE. DIVE aims at probing the lower continental crust and its transition to the mantle, with two ongoing and one future boreholes (down to 4 km depth) in the IVZ area, providing new, complementary information on rock structure and composition across scales. In this framework, we constrain the upper crustal IGB geometries and lithology based on new evidence for vS, connecting prior crustal knowledge to recent active seismic investigations.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1089–1105
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 30
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Implications for the geometry of plate boundaries in NE Asia based on the geodetic analysis of the 2020Mw 6.4 Koryak event (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-23
    Description: On the 9th of January 2020, an Mw 6.4 strike-slip earthquake took place north of the Asian margin of the Bering Sea. The earthquake occurred within the known reverse-right-lateral active fault zone, called Khatyrka–Vyvenka, which transverses the Koryak Highland from SE to NW and is thought to be a surface manifestation of the Asian portion of either the Bering plate boundary or the northern edge of the Alaskan stream. No other strong earthquake has ever been recorded in this remote uninhabited area and the few existing seismic stations provide poor quality earthquake locations.We adopt SAR interferometry (InSAR) technique to define an improved location of the Koryak 2020 earthquake and constrain the seismic source. The analysis of the 2020 event revealed a previously unknown active fault of left-lateral kinematics that is possibly hidden and strikes NWtransversely to the Khatyrka–Vyvenka fault zone. Although several mechanisms could account for left-lateral kinematics of this fault, we propose that the structure is part of a more extended NW fault structure, that formed in pre-neotectonic times and has played a role of a pre-existing rheological discontinuity. This revived NW structure together with a similar structure located easterly, so far aseismic, make the plate/stream boundary segmented, step-like in plan view. The step-like boundary geometry may be the result of internal transform deformation of a rigid plate, but it is better explained by deflections of the Alaskan stream edge at local crustal asperities, which are pre-Cenozoic terrains.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1412–1421
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Plate motion ; Radar interferometry ; Seismic cycle ; Asia
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 31
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Piecing the barcoding puzzle of Palearctic water frogs (Pelophylax) sheds light on amphibian biogeography and global invasions (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  Global Change Biology vol. 30 no. e17180
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-21
    Description: Palearctic water frogs (genus Pelophylax) are an outstanding model in ecology and evolution, being widespread, speciose, either threatened or threatening to other species through biological invasions, and capable of siring hybrid offspring that escape the rules of sexual reproduction. Despite half a century of genetic research and hundreds of publications, the diversity, systematics and biogeography of Pelophylax still remain highly confusing, in no small part due to a lack of correspondence between studies. To provide a comprehensive overview, we gathered 〉13,000 sequences of barcoding genes from 〉1700 native and introduced localities and built multigene mitochondrial (~17 kb) and nuclear (~10 kb) phylogenies. We mapped all currently recognized taxa and their phylogeographic lineages (〉40) to get a grasp on taxonomic issues, cyto-nuclear discordances, the genetic makeup of hybridogenetic hybrids, and the origins of introduced populations. Competing hypotheses for the molecular calibration were evaluated through plausibility tests, implementing a new approach relying on predictions from the anuran speciation continuum. Based on our timetree, we propose a new biogeographic paradigm for the Palearctic since the Paleogene, notably by attributing a prominent role to the dynamics of the Paratethys, a vast paleo-sea that extended over most of Europe. Furthermore, our results show that distinct marsh frog lineages from Eastern Europe, the Balkans, the Near East, and Central Asia (P. ridibundus ssp.) are naturally capable of inducing hybridogenesis with pool frogs (P. lessonae). We identified 14 alien lineages (mostly of P. ridibundus) over ~20 areas of invasions, especially in Western Europe, with genetic signatures disproportionally pointing to the Balkans and Anatolia as the regions of origins, in line with exporting records of the frog leg industry and the stocks of pet sellers. Pelophylax thus emerges as one of the most invasive amphibians worldwide, and deserves much higher conservation concern than currently given by the authorities fighting biological invasions.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 32
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Moment magnitude for earthquakes in the Etna volcano area (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-19
    Description: Accurate quantification of seismic activity in volcanic regions is an important asset for im- proving hazard and risk assessment. This is especially true for densely populated areas, as in the case of Etna volcano (Southern Italy). There, the volcanic hazard is amplified by the seismic risk of acti ve faults, especiall y on the eastern flank of the volcano. In such a context, it is common to rely on moment magnitude ( M W ) to characterize seismicity and monitor the energy released during an eruption. In this study, we calculate the moment-based magnitude ( M W ) for selected seismic data sets, using different approaches in distinct magnitude ranges to cover the widest possible range of magnitude that characterizes Etna’s seismicity . Specifically , we computed the M W from a data set of moment tensor solutions of earthquakes that occurred in the magnitude range 3.4 ≤M L ≤4.8 during 2005–2020; we created a data set of seismic moment and associated M W for earthquakes 1.0 ≤M L 〈 3.4 obtained by analysing source spectra; we fine-tuned two relationships, for shallow and deep earthquakes, to obtain M W from response spectra. Finally, we calibrated a specific relationship between M W and M L for the Etna area earthquakes in the range 1.0 ≤M L ≤4.8. All the empirical relationships obtained in this study can be applied in real-time analysis of the seismicity to provide fast and robust information on the released seismic energy.
    Description: INGV-DPC 2012- 2021 agreement; B2 DPC-INGV 2019-2021 project; IMPACT Department strategic project ; ‘Project PE0000005–RETURN (NRRP)
    Description: Published
    Description: 2520-2534
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Earthquak e source observations ; Earthquake hazards ; Time series analysis ; Full moment tensor
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 33
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Distinct bacterial succession and functional response to alginate in the South, Equatorial, and North Pacific Ocean (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Microbiology, Wiley, 26(3), pp. e16594-e16594, ISSN: 1462-2912
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-11
    Description: The availability of alginate, an abundant macroalgal polysaccharide, induces compositional and functional responses among marine microbes, but these dynamics have not been characterized across the Pacific Ocean. We investigated alginate-induced compositional and functional shifts (e.g., heterotrophic production, glucose turnover, hydrolytic enzyme activities) of microbial communities in the South Subtropical, Equatorial, and Polar Frontal North Pacific in mesocosms. We observed that shifts in response to alginate were site-specific. In the South Subtropical Pacific, prokaryotic cell counts, glucose turnover, and peptidase activities changed the most with alginate addition, along with the enrichment of the widest range of particle-associated taxa (161 amplicon sequence variants; ASVs) belonging to Alteromonadaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Phormidiaceae, and Pseudoalteromonadaceae. Some of these taxa were detected at other sites but only enriched in the South Pacific. In the Equatorial Pacific, glucose turnover and heterotrophic prokaryotic production increased most rapidly; a single Alteromonas taxon dominated (60% of the community) but remained low (〈2%) elsewhere. In the North Pacific, the particle-associated community response to alginate was gradual, with a more limited range of alginate-enriched taxa (82 ASVs). Thus, alginate-related ecological and biogeochemical shifts depend on a combination of factors that include the ability to utilize alginate, environmental conditions, and microbial interactions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 34
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A statistical framework for detection of b-value anomalies in Italy (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-12
    Description: This study presents a new robust statistical framework, in which to measure relative differences, or deviations from a hypothetical reference value, of Gutenberg-Richter b-value. Moreover, it applies this method to recent seismicity in Italy, to find possible changes of earthquake magnitude distribution in time and space. The method uses bootstrap techniques, which have no prior assumptions about the distribution of data, keeping their basic features. Excluding Central Italy, no significative b-value variation is found, revealing that the frequency-magnitude distribution exponent is substantially stable or that data are not able to reveal hidden variations. Considering the small size of examined magnitude samples, we cannot definitively decide if the higher b-values in Central Italy, consistently founded by all applied tests, have a physical origin or result from a statistical bias. In any case, they indicate short-lived excursions which have a temporary nature and, therefore, cannot be associated solely to spatial variations in tectonic framework. Both the methodological issues and the results of the application to seismicity in Italy show that a correct assessing of b-value changes requests appropriate statistics, that accurately quantify the low accuracy and precision of b-value estimation for small magnitude samples.
    Description: Published
    Description: 729–740
    Description: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 35
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Source mechanisms and induced seismicity in the Val d'Agri Basin (Italy) (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-12
    Description: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. All rights reserved.
    Description: We present the results from a fully unconstrained moment tensor inversion of induced seismic events in a complex and high seismic hazard region (Val d’Agri basin, Southern Italy). The study area hosts two well-documented cases of induced microseismicity linked to (i) a wastewater injection well of a giant oilfield (the largest in onshore Europe), and (ii) severe seasonal level changes of an artificial lake. In order to gather information on the non-doublecouple components of the source and to better understand the rupture mechanisms, we analyse seismic events recorded during daily injection tests in the disposal well. The computed moment tensors have significant non-double-couple components that correlate with the well-head injection pressure. The injection parameters strongly influence the rupture mechanism that can be interpreted as due to the opening/closing of a fracture network inside a fault zone of a pre-existing thrust fault. For the case of the reservoir-induced seismicity, no direct correlations are observed with the loading/unloading of the reservoir.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1617–1627
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 36
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Coupled U–Pb and 40Ar/39Ar chronology of late‐stage intrusions at Elba Island (Italy) supports late Miocene long‐lived magma reservoirs in the Tyrrhenian upper crust (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-12
    Description: The late Miocene Monte Capanne and Porto Azzurro plutons are investigated by means of coupled U-Pb zircon and 40Ar/39Ar white mica dating to test the occurrence of long-lived magmatic systems in the upper crust. Zircon crystallized for 〉 1 Myr in both plutonic systems, with supersolidus conditions overlapping for ~220 kyr indicating previously unrecognized co-existence of the two reservoirs. The development of the Porto Azzurro high T-aureole is post-dated by continuous igneous zircon crystallization until ~ 6.0 Ma. By linking crystallization to post-emplacement cooling of late-stage pulses in both western and eastern Elba we constrain long-lived sizeable reservoirs (possibly the same reservoir) in the Tyrrhenian upper crust between ~8 and 6 Ma.
    Description: In press
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 40Ar/39Ar white mica dating ; Elba Island ; long-lived magma reservoirs ; U–Pb zircon dating ; MioceneTyrrhenian crust ; upper crustal granites ; 04. Solid Earth
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 37
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Epizoic yellow sponge (Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) expansion on living Scleractinian corals in Bintan, Riau Archipelago, Indonesia (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  Marine Ecology vol. 2024 no. e12796
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-14
    Description: Coral reef ecosystems in Indonesia are under threat due to changes in the environment driven by global climate change, along with local disturbances such as sedimentation and eutrophication. Consequently, comprehensive coral reef monitoring \nactivities have been initiated at numerous locations across Indonesia. In this study, the \nfindings from coral reef health surveys across 14 reef sites (within 40 hectares) in the \nBintan area (Riau Archipelago, Indonesia; 100\xe2\x80\x89km southeast of Singapore) revealed a \npotentially novel epizoic yellow sponge species (Phorbas sp.) that overgrows coral colonies. This species, tentatively classified as a new Phorbas sp. (order Poecilosclerida: \nfamily Hymedesmiidae), was identified through a combined approach employing classical taxonomic methods along with DNA barcoding using the cytochrome c oxidase \nI (COI) gene. At every site, three permanent 20-m transects were established to annually monitor live coral coverage and species composition between 2014 and 2017. \nThe survey indicated a notable change in the overall coral cover during this period. \nThe abundance of coral diseases was investigated in 2014 and 2017. Additionally, the \nprogress of Phorbas sp., was closely monitored (i.e., every second day for one week) \nat Bintan Island (site 11) during the dry season in August 2017. This approach aimed \nto approximate the relative impact of each incident on the coral\'s condition. The results indicated that the most comprehensive change occurred due to the overgrowth \nof Phorbas sp., which affected 12 scleractinian coral species across eight genera in \nalmost all sites except one. The abundance of this epizoic sponge infestation was \nhighest at Pulau Beralas Pasir (site 10), constituting 22.9% of all recorded life forms, \nand lowest at Pulau Pangkil-Besar (site 13), with only 0.7%. The expansion of the thin \nyellow sponge tissue was estimated to increase by up to 0.51\xe2\x80\x89\xc2\xb1\xe2\x80\x890.48\xe2\x80\x89cm2 \n per day on \nPorites coral.
    Keywords: coral disease ; coral health ; expansion progress ; novel sponge ; yellow band disease
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 38
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Biogeography vol. 2024 no. 14816
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2= 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2= 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (〉66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions.
    Keywords: community assembly ; dispersal limitation ; environmental selection ; evolutionary principal ; component analysis ; indicator lineage analysis ; Moran's eigenvector maps ; neotropics ; Niche ; conservatism ; tropical rain forests
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 39
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    High frequency attenuation of S waves in alluvial deposits of the central Po Plain (northern Italy) (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. All rights reserved.
    Description: Estimation of local seismic response plays a key role in assessing local seismic hazard and particularly in the design of shaking scenarios. Modelling local seismic response involves knowing of the shear wave velocity (Vs) and quality factor (Qs) profiles for the site in question. The many techniques that have been developed to assess Vs in surface deposits produce reliable measurements of Vs , but these rarely correspond to direct measurements of Qs . The latter is often considered through damping measures from laboratory tests on small-scale soil samples, which can provide information primarily on intrinsic attenuation, neglecting the contribution of scattering effects. In this paper, using seismic recordings obtained at the surface and in boreholes at 100 m depth, we estimate an average value of Qs of some characteristic alluvial deposits of the Po Plain (northern Italy). Data come from a microseismic network which sampled an almost uniform lithology in the central Po Plain and consisted of three surface and four borehole stations with an interstation distance of about 2 km. The average value of Qs of the shallowest 100 m of the sedimentary strata, Qs100, is estimated by considering: (1) the high-frequency attenuation of seismic waves due to propagation through the corresponding stratigraphy and (2) the interference between incident and surface-reflected waves observed at borehole stations. We parametrize the first through k0_100, the difference between the values of the spectral decay parameter kappa (k) estimated at the surface and at the boreholes depth, respectively. We use the second in order to compute Vs100, the time-averaged Vs referred to the uppermost 100 m stratigraphy. We obtain: k0_100 = (11 ± 3) ms, Vs100 = (309 ± 11) m s −1 and Qs100 = 31 ± 10. At the surface, the estimated values of the site-specific kappa, k0, are found to range from 75 to 79 ms. As expected, these results are in good agreement with studies performed in other sites characterized by sandy or clayey lithologies, and can be usefully used in site response analysis at sites where the rigidity is mainly controlled by lithostatic pressure.
    Description: Comune di Minerbio (grant: “Sperimentazione ILG Minerbio”; grant number: 0913.010).
    Description: Published
    Description: 2075–2094
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Earthquake ground motions ; Seismic attenuation ; Site effects ; Wave propagation ; Wave scattering and diffraction ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 40
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The second most abundant dinophyte in the ponds of a botanical garden is a species new to science (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, Wiley, 71(2), pp. e13015-e13015, ISSN: 1066-5234
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: In the microscopy realm, a large body of dark biodiversity still awaits to be uncovered. Unarmoured dinophytes are particularly neglected here, as they only present inconspicuous traits. In a remote German locality, we collected cells, from which a monoclonal strain was established, to study morphology using light and electron microscopy and to gain DNA sequences from the rRNA operon. In parallel, we detected unicellular eukaryotes in ponds of the Botanical Garden Munich-Nymphenburg by DNA-metabarcoding (V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene), weekly sampled over the course of a year. Strain GeoK*077 turned out to be a new species of Borghiella with a distinct position in molecular phylogenetics and characteristic coccoid cells of ovoid shape as the most important diagnostic trait. Borghiella ovum, sp. nov., was also present in artificial ponds of the Botanical Garden and was the second most abundant dinophyte detected in the samples. More specifically, Borghiella ovum, sp. nov., shows a clear seasonality, with high frequency during winter months and complete absence during summer months. The study underlines the necessity to assess the biodiversity, particularly of the microscopy realm more ambitiously, if even common species such as formerly Borghiella ovum are yet unknown to science.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 41
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Fabric controls fault stability in serpentinite gouges (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Serpentinites are polymineralic rocks distributed almost ubiquitously across the globe in active tectonic regions. Magnetite-rich serpentinites are found in the low-strain domains of serpen- tinite shear zones, which act as potential sites of nucleation of unstable slip. To assess the potential of earthquake nucleation in these materials, we investigate the link between me- chanical properties and fabric of these rocks through a suite of laboratory shear experiments. Our experiments were done at room temperature and cover a range of normal stress and slip velocity from 25 to 100 MPa and 0.3 to 300 μm s −1 , respecti vel y. We show that magnetite-rich serpentinites are ideal materials since they display strong sensitivity to the loading rate and are susceptible to nucleation of unstable slip, especially at low forcing slip velocities. We also aim at the integration of mechanical and microstructural results to describe the underlying mechanisms that produce the macroscopic behaviour. We show that mineralogical composi- tion and mineral structure dictates the coexistence of two deformation mechanisms leading to stable and unstable slip. The weakness of phyllosilicates allows for creep during the interseis- mic phase of the laboratory seismic cycle while favouring the restoration of a load-bearing granular framework, responsible of the nucleation of unstable events. During dynamic slip, fault zone shear fabric determines the mode of slip, producing either asymmetric or Gaussian slip time functions for either fast or slow events. We report rate/state friction parameters and integrate our mechanical data with microstructural observations to shed light on the mech- anisms dictating the complexity of laborator y ear thquakes. We show that mineralogical and fabric heterogeneities control fault slip behaviour.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1778–1797
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 42
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A review of the tectonic, volcanological and hazard history of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Vulcano is one of the seven volcanic islands composing the Aeolian Islands archipelago (Southern Italy), which also includes three other active volcanoes. The island was orig-inally a stratovolcano like Stromboli; afterwards, its shape turned towards a complex structure composed of several volcanic landforms of different sizes. This is due to the great variability of the tectonic and volcanic phenomena, presently showing a volcano made by two calderas, a lava dome complex and two small active cones. The largest of them is the tuff cone of La Fossa, hosted in the middle of a 3- km-wide caldera struc-ture (La Fossa caldera), whose borders are visible on the southern and western sides of the island. Its last eruption occurred in 1888–1890. At present, Vulcano is charac-terized by weak shallow seismicity and intense fumarolic activity mainly concentrated within the crater of the La Fossa cone and along its rims during a recent unrest phase started in 2021, and measured with a multiparametric monitoring network.
    Description: Published
    Description: 471-487
    Description: OSV4: Preparazione alle crisi vulcaniche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Aeolian Islands, Vulcano ; multihazard ; plumbing system ; unrest ; volcanic history ; stratigraphy ; tectonics ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 43
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Destructive fishing: An expert‐driven definition and exploration of this quasi‐concept (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Conservation Letters, Wiley, ISSN: 1755-263X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-17
    Description: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Numerous policy and international frameworks consider that “destructive fishing” hampers efforts to reach sustainability goals. Though ubiquitous, “destructive fishing” is undefined and therefore currently immeasurable. Here we propose a definition developed through expert consultation: “Destructive fishing is any fishing practice that causes irrecoverable habitat degradation, or which causes significant adverse environmental impacts, results in long‐term declines in target or nontarget species beyond biologically safe limits and has negative livelihood impacts.” We show strong stakeholder support for a definition, consensus on many biological and ecological dimensions, and no clustering of respondents from different sectors. Our consensus definition is a significant step toward defining sustainable fisheries goals and will help interpret and implement global political commitments which utilize the term “destructive fishing.” Our definition and results will help reinforce the Food and Agricultural Organization's Code of Conduct and meaningfully support member countries to prohibit destructive fishing practices.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 44
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Spatially heterogeneous shifts in vegetation phenology induced by climate change threaten the integrity of the avian migration network (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  Global Change Biology vol. 30 no. e17148
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: Phenological responses to climate change frequently vary among trophic levels, which can result in increasing asynchrony between the peak energy requirements of consumers and the availability of resources. Migratory birds use multiple habitats with seasonal food resources along migration flyways. Spatially heterogeneous climate change could cause the phenology of food availability along the migration flyway to become desynchronized. Such heterogeneous shifts in food phenology could pose a challenge to migratory birds by reducing their opportunity for food availability along the migration path and consequently influencing their survival and reproduction. We develop a novel graph-based approach to quantify this problem and deploy it to evaluate the condition of the heterogeneous shifts in vegetation phenology for 16 migratory herbivorous waterfowl species in Asia. We show that climate change-induced heterogeneous shifts in vegetation phenology could cause a 12% loss of migration network integrity on average across all study species. Species that winter at relatively lower latitudes are subjected to a higher loss of integrity in their migration network. These findings highlight the susceptibility of migratory species to climate change. Our proposed methodological framework could be applied to migratory species in general to yield an accurate assessment of the exposure under climate change and help to identify actions for biodiversity conservation in the face of climate-related risks.
    Keywords: bird migration ; climate change ; graph-based approach ; heterogeneous shifts ; network integrity ; phenological asynchrony ; vegetation phenology
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 45
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    European Summer Wet-Bulb Temperature: Spatiotemporal Variations and Potential Drivers (2024)
    American Meteorological Society
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, 37(6), pp. 2059-2080, ISSN: 0894-8755
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: Heat stress is projected to intensify with global warming, causing significant socioeconomic impacts and threatening human health. Wet-bulb temperature (WBT), which combines temperature and humidity effects, is a useful indicator for assessing regional and global heat stress variability and trends. However, the variations of European WBT and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using observations and reanalysis datasets, we demonstrate a remarkable warming of summer WBT during the period 1958–2021 over Europe. Specifically, the European summer WBT has increased by over 1.08C in the past 64 years. We find that the increase in European summer WBT is driven by both near-surface warming temperatures and increasing atmospheric moisture content. We identify four dominant modes of European summer WBT variability and investigate their linkage with the large-scale atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature anomalies. The first two leading modes of the European WBT variability exhibit prominent interdecadal to long-term variations, mainly driven by a circumglobal wave train and concurrent sea surface temperature variations. The last two leading modes of European WBT variability mainly show interannual variations, indicating a direct and rapid response to large-scale atmospheric dynamics and nearby sea surface temperature variations. Further analysis shows the role of global warming and changes in midlatitude circulations in the variations of summer WBT. Our findings can enhance the understanding of plausible drivers of heat stress in Europe and provide valuable insights for regional decision-makers and climate adaptation planning.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 46
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Simultaneous preconcentration of 9 Be and cosmogenic 10 Be for determination of the 10 Be / 9 Be ratio in (coastal) seawater (2024)
    Wiley | ASLO
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-11
    Description: Beryllium isotopes have emerged as a quantitative tracer of continental weathering, but accurate and precise determination of the cosmogenic 10 Be and stable 9 Be in seawater is challenging, because seawater contains high concentrations of matrix elements but extremely low concentrations of 9 Be and 10 Be. In this study, we develop a new, time‐efficient procedure for the simultaneous preconcentration of 9 Be and 10 Be from (coastal) seawater based on the iron co‐precipitation method. The concentrations of 9 Be, 10 Be, and the resulting 10 Be/ 9 Be ratio for Changjiang Estuary water derived from the new procedure agree well with those obtained from the conventional procedure requiring separate preconcentration for 9 Be and 10 Be determinations. By avoiding the separate preconcentration, our newly developed procedure contributes toward more time‐efficient handling of samples, less sample cross‐contamination, and a more reliable 10 Be/ 9 Be ratio. Prior to this, we validated the iron co‐precipitation method using artificial seawater and natural water samples from the Amazon Estuary regarding: (1) the “matrix effect” for Be analysis, (2) its extraction efficiency for pg g −1 levels Be in the presence and absence of organic matter, and (3) the data comparability with another preconcentration method. We calculated that for the determination of 9 Be and 10 Be in most open ocean seawater with typical 10 Be concentrations of 〉 500 atoms g −1 , good precisions (〈 5%) can be achieved using less than 3 liters of seawater compared to more than 20 liters routinely used previously. Even for coastal seawater with extremely low 10 Be concentration (e.g., 100 atoms g −1 ), we estimate a maximum amount of 10 liters to be adequate.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 47
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Does non‐native diversity mirror Earth's biodiversity? (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-14
    Description: Aim: Human activities have introduced numerous non-native species (NNS) worldwide. Understanding and predicting large-scale NNS establishment patterns remain fundamental scientific challenges. Here, we evaluate if NNS composition represents a proportional subset of the total species pool available to invade (i.e. total global biodiversity), or, conversely, certain taxa are disproportionately pre-disposed to establish in non-native areas. Location: Global. Time period: Present day. Major taxa studied: Global diversity. Methods: We compiled one of the most comprehensive global databases of NNS (36,822 established species) to determine if NNS diversity is a representative proportional subset of global biodiversity. Results: Our study revealed that, while NNS diversity mirrors global biodiversity to a certain extent, due to significant deviance from the null model it is not always a representative proportional subset of global biodiversity. The strength of global biodiversity as a predictor depended on the taxonomic scale, with successive lower taxonomic levels less predictive than the one above it. Consequently, on average, 58%, 42% and 28% of variability in NNS numbers were explained by global biodiversity for phylum, class and family respectively. Moreover, global biodiversity was a similarly strong explanatory variable for NNS diversity among regions, but not habitats (i.e. terrestrial, freshwater and marine), where it better predicted NNS diversity for terrestrial than for freshwater and marine habitats. Freshwater and marine habitats were also greatly understudied relative to invasions in the terrestrial habitats. Over-represented NNS relative to global biodiversity tended to be those intentionally introduced and/or ‘hitchhikers’ associated with deliberate introductions. Finally, randomness is likely an important factor in the establishment success of NNS. Main conclusions: Besides global biodiversity, other important explanatory variables for large-scale patterns of NNS diversity likely include propagule and colonization pressures, environmental similarity between native and non-native regions, biased selection of intentionally introduced species and disparate research efforts of habitats and taxa.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 48
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A 1500‐year record of North Atlantic storm flooding from lacustrine sediments, Shetland Islands (UK) (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-14
    Description: Severe storm flooding poses a major hazard to the coasts of north‐western Europe. However, the long‐term recurrence patterns of extreme coastal flooding and their governing factors are poorly understood. Therefore, high‐resolution sedimentary records of past North Atlantic storm flooding are required. This multi‐proxy study reconstructs storm‐induced overwash processes from coastal lake sediments on the Shetland Islands using grain‐size and geochemical data, and the re‐analysis of historical data. The chronostratigraphy is based on Bayesian age–depth modelling using accelerator mass spectrometry 14 C and 137 Cs data. A high XRF‐based Si/Ti ratio and the unimodal grain‐size distribution link the sand layers to the beach and thus storm‐induced overwash events. Periods with more frequent storm flooding occurred 980–1050, 1150–1300, 1450–1550, 1820–1900 and 1950–2000 ce, which is largely consistent with a positive North Atlantic Oscillation mode. The Little Ice Age (1400–1850 ce ) shows a gap of major sand layers suggesting a southward shift of storm tracks and a seasonal variance with more storm floods in spring and autumn. Warmer phases shifted winter storm tracks towards the north‐east Atlantic, indicating a possible trend for future storm‐track changes and increased storm flooding in the northern North Sea region.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 49
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Identification and differentiation of vertical movement through morphological changes and stratigraphic imprint: Two distinct uplifting mechanisms in the upper Calabrian accretionary wedge, western Ionian Sea (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-14
    Description: The seafloor morphology reflects both past and on‐going sedimentary, oceanographic and tectonic processes. Vertical movement is one of the drivers responsible for reshaping the seafloor through forming steep flanks that decrease slope stability, favour landslides, change current paths, form minibasins and control the sediment deposition, distribution and geometry. Here, we make use of these interactions to derive vertical movements and constrain the active tectonic processes at the western termination of the upper Calabrian accretionary wedge from the integrated analysis of bathymetric, backscatter, surface attributes and high‐resolution reflection seismic data. Within this area, we identify two types of deformational features and mechanisms that affect the depositional, erosional and tectonic processes at different scales. These include the deviation of channels, landslide scars, mass transport deposits (MTDs), separated drifts, sediment waves, lineaments and offset seafloor structures. The first type (long‐wavelength uplift) is an uplifted 22‐km‐wide region, in which seismic onlap relationships and the dip of deep reflectors suggest long‐lasting but slow tectonic uplift affecting sedimentation, and the second type (short‐wavelength uplift) includes three narrow elongated structures and one circular dome encircling the first region of uplift. We interpret that the first type of uplift feature was caused by tectonic deformation, while the second type is interpreted as formed by the fast uplift, tilting and faulting of modern sediments caused by diapirism due to rapid sedimentation in response to the first tectonically driven uplift. The study provides insight into the complex interaction of tectonic and sedimentary processes in the upper Calabrian accretionary wedge.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 50
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Modulation of Equatorial Currents and Tropical Instability Waves During the 2021 Atlantic Niño (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-17
    Description: In the boreal summer of 2021, the equatorial Atlantic experienced the strongest warm event, that is, Atlantic Niño, since the beginning of satellite observations in the 1970s. Such events have far‐reaching impacts on large‐scale wind patterns and rainfall over the surrounding continents. Yet, developing a paradigm of how Atlantic Niño interacts with the upper‐ocean currents and intraseasonal waves remains elusive. Here we show that the equatorial Kelvin wave associated with the onset of the 2021 Atlantic Niño modulated both the background flow and the eddy flux of the equatorial upper‐ocean circulation, causing an extremely weak and delayed tropical instability wave (TIW) season. TIW‐induced variations of sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity, sea surface height, and eddy temperature advection were exceptionally weak during May to July, the climatological peak of TIW activity, but rebounded in August when higher than normal variability was observed. Moored velocity data at 23°W show that during the peak of the 2021 Atlantic Niño from June to August, the Equatorial Undercurrent was deeper and stronger than usual. An anomalously weak eddy momentum flux strongly suppressed barotropic energy conversion north of the equator from May to July, likely contributing to low TIW activity. Reduced baroclinic energy conversion also might have played a role, as the meridional gradient of SST was sharply reduced during the Atlantic Niño. Despite extremely weak TIW velocities, modest intraseasonal variability of chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐ a ) was observed during the Atlantic Niño, due to pronounced meridional Chl‐ a gradients that partly compensated for the weak TIWs. Plain Language Summary Every few years the eastern equatorial Atlantic Ocean is significantly warmer than usual during boreal summer. Such warm events are referred to as Atlantic Niño events, and share similarities with El Niño events in the Pacific. In 2021, the strongest Atlantic Niño in at least four decades was observed in the equatorial Atlantic. This study is the first that investigates the complex interaction between Atlantic Niño, tropical Atlantic upper‐ocean currents, and equatorial waves based on various observational data sets. We show that the developing 2021 Atlantic Niño weakened both the background flow and the variability of near‐surface currents in May, which in turn largely reduced the strength of intraseasonal (20–50 days) waves that are usually generated by instability of the upper‐ocean zonal currents. As a consequence, the cooling effect that these waves usually have north of the equator and the warming effect along the equator vanished from May to July 2021. Interestingly, variability of chlorophyll concentration was enhanced, suggesting that enhanced meridional chlorophyll gradients compensated for reduced wave activity. Key Points The developing 2021 Atlantic Niño led to weaker equatorial surface currents and reduced vertical shear of upper‐ocean horizontal velocity Strong reduction of the surface flow, eddy flux, and meridional temperature gradient in May caused extremely weak and delayed tropical instability wave (TIW) season Reduced meridional TIW advection contributed to sharpen the north equatorial Chl‐ a front resulting in modest intraseasonal Chl‐ a variability
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 51
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Assessing Phytoplankton Primary Productivity Variability in the Changjiang Estuary, East China Sea From Coupled Fast Repetition Rate (FRR) Fluorometry and Chlorophyll‐ a Measurements (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-17
    Description: Phytoplankton primary productivity (PP) varies significantly over environmental gradients, particularly in physically‐dynamic systems such as estuaries and coastal seas. During summer, runoff peaks in the Changjiang River driving large environmental gradients in both the Changjiang estuary and adjacent East China Sea (ECS), likely driving significant variability in PP. As satellite models of PP often underperform in coastal waters, we aimed to develop a novel approach for assessing net PP variability in such a dynamic environment. Parallel in situ measurements of Fast Repetition Rate (FRR) fluorometry and carbon (C) uptake rates were conducted for the first time in this region during two summer cruises in 2019 and 2021. A series of 13 C‐incubations ( n = 31) were performed, with measured PP ranging from ∼6 to 1,700 mgC m −3 d −1 . Net PP values were significantly correlated with salinity ( r = 0.45), phytoplankton chlorophyll a (Chl‐ a , r = 0.88), Photosystem II (PSII) functional absorption cross‐section ( σ PSII , r = −0.76) and maximum PSII quantum yield ( F v / F m , r = 0.59). Stepwise regression analysis showed that Chl‐ a and σ PSII were the strongest predictors of net PP. A generalized additive model (GAM) was also used to estimate net PP considering nonlinear effects of Chl‐ a and σ PSII . We demonstrate that GAM outperforms linear modeling approaches in estimating net PP in this study, as evidenced by a lower root mean square error (∼140 vs. 250 mgC m −3 d −1 ). Our novel approach provides a valuable tool to examine carbon cycling dynamics in this important region. Plain Language Summary The East China Sea has a complex current system that creates a highly dynamic physical environment for phytoplankton, particularly during the summer months. Net primary productivity (PP) is highly variable in this region, yet characterizing these spatial patterns in PP is difficult due to the lack of a high‐resolution data collecting method. Therefore, a strong need exists for a quick and easily implemented method for monitoring PP in this dynamic system. Based on parallel measurements of phytoplankton biomass and photophysiology, we present a novel approach that allows us to rapidly and easily assess regional PP at a high resolution. The high data volume potentially afforded by our net PP estimation method could not only contribute to a better understanding of PP variations in such a dynamic environment, but also help fill the large gaps in field data needed for validating satellite‐based PP models. Key Points Parallel in situ measurements of net primary productivity (PP) and Fast Repetition Rate fluorometry were conducted in the Changjiang estuary Productivity was highest at stations with high Chl and low σ PSII , typically located along the Chiangjiang river plume front A generalized additive model was developed to estimate net PP, providing an approach for assessing regional C‐cycling dynamics
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 52
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Misconceptions of the marine biological carbon pump in a changing climate: Thinking outside the “export” box (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Description: The marine biological carbon pump (BCP) stores carbon in the ocean interior, isolating it from exchange with the atmosphere and thereby coregulating atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). As the BCP commonly is equated with the flux of organic material to the ocean interior, termed “export flux,” a change in export flux is perceived to directly impact atmospheric CO 2 , and thus climate. Here, we recap how this perception contrasts with current understanding of the BCP, emphasizing the lack of a direct relationship between global export flux and atmospheric CO 2 . We argue for the use of the storage of carbon of biological origin in the ocean interior as a diagnostic that directly relates to atmospheric CO 2 , as a way forward to quantify the changes in the BCP in a changing climate. The diagnostic is conveniently applicable to both climate model data and increasingly available observational data. It can explain a seemingly paradoxical response under anthropogenic climate change: Despite a decrease in export flux, the BCP intensifies due to a longer reemergence time of biogenically stored carbon back to the ocean surface and thereby provides a negative feedback to increasing atmospheric CO 2 . This feedback is notably small compared with anthropogenic CO 2 emissions and other carbon‐climate feedbacks. In this Opinion paper, we advocate for a comprehensive view of the BCP's impact on atmospheric CO 2 , providing a prerequisite for assessing the effectiveness of marine CO 2 removal approaches that target marine biology.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 53
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Fluid Flow, Mineralization and Deformation in an Oceanic Detachment Fault: Microtextural, Geochemical and Isotopic Evidence From Pyrite at 13°30′N on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: Hydrothermal fluids in ultramafic‐hosted hydrothermal systems associated with oceanic detachment faults can be more oxidizing compared to mafic‐hosted vent sites. These fluids form a mineral assemblage of pyrite, magnetite and hematite. At 13°30′N on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, chlorite‐quartz breccias recovered from an exposed fault scarp contain pyrite, with abundant magnetite and hematite, indicating that the redox of the fluids was variable. In primary micron‐scale zonations in pyrite, Ni, Co, and Se have a decoupled relationship, recording fluctuations in the chemical composition and temperature of hydrothermal fluid as the grains grew. Secondary zonations that erase and overprint primary zonations are limited to the grain margin and permeable regions within the grain core. Secondary zonations formed via two processes: (a) grain dissolution followed by overgrowth, and (b) remobilization of metals during oxidizing fluid flow events. In both instances, Ni and Co have been mobilized and concentrated, and are not lost to the hydrothermal fluid. Superimposed on these features is evidence of grain scale deformation related to periods of fault movement along the detachment surface. Sulfur isotope ratios (δ 34 S) in pyrite systematically decrease from the grain margin to the grain core, indicating that increased amounts of sulfur were derived from thermochemical sulfate reduction of seawater. Thus, pyrite records the evolution of fluid flow and deformation events during exhumation along the detachment surface from ∼1 to 2 km below the seafloor at the base of the lava pile, with temporal fluctuations in fluid redox identified as an important process in controlling Ni and Co enrichment in pyrite. Plain Language Summary Detachment faults are long lived faults that can expose ultramafic rocks at the seafloor. We aim to investigate the links between hydrothermal activity and detachment fault formation. To do this we use pyrite as a tape recorder for past fluid flow events. Across individual mineral grains, distinct zonations in metal content and sulfur isotope ratios show that the incursion of seawater occurred periodically during pyrite growth, increasing during fault movement events that lead to changes in the temperature and pH of the fluids in the fault zone. These changes concentrated metals toward the center of individual mineral grains. Zonations were then overprinted by later deformation‐related events, providing evidence that the samples formed at deeper crustal levels below the seafloor and were progressively exhumed at the seafloor over time. Key Points Microtextural, geochemical, and isotopic variations in subseafloor pyrite record the history of sample exhumation along a detachment fault Nickel and Co are remobilized and concentrated in pyrite across individual mineral grains in response to fluctuating fluid redox conditions Evidence of pyrite deformation and alteration mineralogy of samples indicates sample exhumation from a depth of 1–2 km
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: other
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 54
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Reproductive biology of the electric lanternfish Electrona risso (Myctophidae) and the bigscale fishes Melamphaes polylepis and Scopelogadus mizolepis (Melamphaidae) (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: This study was the first to investigate the key reproductive traits of the electric lantern fish Electrona risso (Myctophidae, n = 918) and the bigscale fishes (Melamphaidae) Melamphaes polylepis (n = 260) and Scopelogadus mizolepis (n = 649). Specimens of these mesopelagic species were collected in March and April 2015 in the eastern Central Atlantic (0–24° N, 20–26° W). Sex ratio was not significantly different from 1:1 in E. risso and M. polylepis but significantly skewed toward female dominance in S. mizolepis. Reproductive phases were determined macroscopically and by histological analyses on selected individuals. Female length at 50% maturity (L50) was 55.1 mm standard length (LS) in E. risso, with an observed female maximum length (Lmax) of 81.2 mm LS. M. polylepis females had an L50 of 40.2 mm LS and an Lmax of 86.7 mm LS. S. mizolepis had an L50 of 46 mm LS and an Lmax of 97.9 mm LS. The three species show histological features of iteroparity, but the E. risso population appears to occur in two year-classes and experience only one spawning season per lifetime in the study region. All three species are batch-spawners. A batch fecundity of 2668 eggs was estimated from one E. risso individual, with a relative batch fecundity of 369 eggs g−1 gonad-free body mass. M. polylepis had a batch fecundity of 1027 eggs and a relative batch fecundity of 149 eggs g−1 (n = 3). S. polylepis had a batch fecundity of 1545 eggs and a relative batch fecundity of 215 eggs g−1 (n = 21). The median gonado-somatic index during the actively spawning phase of E. risso was 4.5, significantly lower than that of M. polylepis (7.5) and S. mizolepis (7.1). No regressing or regenerating phases were observed in this study. Batch-spawning in all three species is suggested to be advantageous to cope with intra-annual variability in food supply and other risks for offspring survival. With what appears to be in effect a (facultative) semelparous strategy in combination with a short life span in E. risso, interannual differences would have a great effect on population dynamics of this species. Knowledge is still lacking on temporal aspects of reproduction such as the duration of the spawning season and the frequency of spawning, as well as age and growth.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 55
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The appendicularian Oikopleura dioica can enhance carbon export in a high CO2 ocean (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-02
    Description: Gelatinous zooplankton are increasingly recognized to play a key role in the ocean's biological carbon pump. Appendicularians, a class of pelagic tunicates, are among the most abundant gelatinous plankton in the ocean, but it is an open question how their contribution to carbon export might change in the future. Here, we conducted an experiment with large volume in situ mesocosms (~55–60 m3 and 21 m depth) to investigate how ocean acidification (OA) extreme events affect food web structure and carbon export in a natural plankton community, particularly focusing on the keystone species Oikopleura dioica, a globally abundant appendicularian. We found a profound influence of O. dioica on vertical carbon fluxes, particularly during a short but intense bloom period in the high CO2 treatment, during which carbon export was 42%–64% higher than under ambient conditions. This elevated flux was mostly driven by an almost twofold increase in O. dioica biomass under high CO2. This rapid population increase was linked to enhanced fecundity (+20%) that likely resulted from physiological benefits of low pH conditions. The resulting competitive advantage of O. dioica resulted in enhanced grazing on phytoplankton and transfer of this consumed biomass into sinking particles. Using a simple carbon flux model for O. dioica, we estimate that high CO2 doubled the carbon flux of discarded mucous houses and fecal pellets, accounting for up to 39% of total carbon export from the ecosystem during the bloom. Considering the wide geographic distribution of O. dioica, our findings suggest that appendicularians may become an increasingly important vector of carbon export with ongoing OA.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 56
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A Synthesis of Global Coastal Ocean Greenhouse Gas Fluxes (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-22
    Description: The coastal ocean contributes to regulating atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations by taking up carbon dioxide (CO2) and releasing nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). In this second phase of the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP2), we quantify global coastal ocean fluxes of CO2, N2O and CH4 using an ensemble of global gap-filled observation-based products and ocean biogeochemical models. The global coastal ocean is a net sink of CO2 in both observational products and models, but the magnitude of the median net global coastal uptake is similar to 60% larger in models (-0.72 vs. -0.44 PgC year-1, 1998-2018, coastal ocean extending to 300 km offshore or 1,000 m isobath with area of 77 million km2). We attribute most of this model-product difference to the seasonality in sea surface CO2 partial pressure at mid- and high-latitudes, where models simulate stronger winter CO2 uptake. The coastal ocean CO2 sink has increased in the past decades but the available time-resolving observation-based products and models show large discrepancies in the magnitude of this increase. The global coastal ocean is a major source of N2O (+0.70 PgCO2-e year-1 in observational product and +0.54 PgCO2-e year-1 in model median) and CH4 (+0.21 PgCO2-e year-1 in observational product), which offsets a substantial proportion of the coastal CO2 uptake in the net radiative balance (30%-60% in CO2-equivalents), highlighting the importance of considering the three greenhouse gases when examining the influence of the coastal ocean on climate. The coastal ocean regulates greenhouse gases. It acts as a sink of carbon dioxide (CO2) but also releases nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) into the atmosphere. This synthesis contributes to the second phase of the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP2) and provides a comprehensive view of the coastal air-sea fluxes of these three greenhouse gases at the global scale. We use a multi-faceted approach combining gap-filled observation-based products and ocean biogeochemical models. We show that the global coastal ocean is a net sink of CO2 in both observational products and models, but the coastal uptake of CO2 is similar to 60% larger in models than in observation-based products due to model-product differences in seasonality. The coastal CO2 sink is strengthening but the magnitude of this strengthening is poorly constrained. We also find that the coastal emissions of N2O and CH4 counteract a substantial part of the effect of coastal CO2 uptake in the atmospheric radiative balance (by 30%-60% in CO2-equivalents), highlighting the need to consider these three gases together to understand the influence of the coastal ocean on climate. We synthesize air-sea fluxes of CO2, nitrous oxide and methane in the global coastal ocean using observation-based products and ocean models The coastal ocean CO2 sink is 60% larger in ocean models than in observation-based products due to systematic differences in seasonality Coastal nitrous oxide and methane emissions offset 30%-60% of the CO2 coastal uptake in the net radiative balance
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 57
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Understanding volcanic margin evolution through the lens of Norway's youngest granite (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Three boreholes drilled during the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 396 have yielded unexpected findings of altered granitic rocks covered by basalt flows, interbedded sediments and glacial mud near the continent‐ocean transition of the mid‐Norwegian margin. U‐Pb and K‐Ar geochronological analyses were conducted on both protolithic and authigenically formed K‐bearing minerals to determine the age of granite crystallisation and subsequent alteration episodes. The granite's crystallisation age based on 104 zircons is 56.3 ± 0.2 Ma, and subsequent exhumation along with alteration/weathering events took place between 54.7 ± 1 and 37.1 ± 1 Ma. This intrusion represents the youngest granite discovered in Norway and intruded at an extremely shallow crustal level before a rapid rift‐to‐drift transition. The shallow emplacement of granitic rock and its fast exhumation before and during the onset of volcanism holds significant implications for the syn‐ and post‐breakup tectonic evolution of volcanic margins.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 58
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Preliminary Characterization of Submarine Basalt Magnetic Mineralogy Using Amplitude‐Dependence of Magnetic Susceptibility (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: The past ∼200 million years of Earth's geomagnetic field behavior have been recorded within oceanic basalts, many of which are only accessible via scientific ocean drilling. Obtaining the best possible paleomagnetic measurements from such valuable samples requires an a priori understanding of their magnetic mineralogies when choosing the most appropriate protocol for stepwise demagnetization experiments (either alternating field or thermal). Here, we present a quick, and non‐destructive method that utilizes the amplitude‐dependence of magnetic susceptibility to screen submarine basalts prior to choosing a demagnetization protocol, whenever conducting a pilot study or other detailed rock‐magnetic characterization is not possible. We demonstrate this method using samples acquired during International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 391. Our approach is rooted in the observation that amplitude‐dependent magnetic susceptibility is observed in basalt samples whose dominant magnetic carrier is multidomain titanomagnetite (∼TM 60–65 , (Ti 0.60–0.65 Fe 0.35–0.40 )Fe 2 O 4 ). Samples with low Ti contents within titanomagnetite or samples that have experienced a high degree of oxidative weathering do not display appreciable amplitude dependence. Due to their low Curie temperatures, basalts that possess amplitude‐dependence should ideally be demagnetized either using alternating fields or via finely‐spaced thermal demagnetization heating steps below 300°C. Our screening method can enhance the success rate of paleomagnetic studies of oceanic basalt samples. Plain Language Summary Oceanic basalts are ideal recorders of the Earth's magnetic field. To decipher magnetic histories recorded in rocks, paleomagnetists need to isolate the magnetization directions and intensities within rocks by one of two possible methods. One method typically involves progressively heating the samples to high temperatures. The other method involves exposing samples to alternating magnetic fields with increasing peak field intensities. Both of these methods are ultimately destructive to the original magnetization preserved within rocks. However, without knowledge of a given rock's magnetic mineralogy, randomly choosing thermal or alternating field demagnetization methods may result in high failure rates. We developed a pre‐screening method to help decide which cleaning method will likely be more successful for a given sample based on low‐field magnetic susceptibility measurements. These measurements do not affect the original magnetic information recorded in a rock, thereby permitting subsequent paleomagnetic studies on the same sample. Our technique can be performed as rapidly as 2 min per sample, is non‐destructive, and does not require complicated sample preparation. Key Points Paleomagnetic studies utilize either alternating field or thermal demagnetization, but it is difficult to choose the best protocol a priori Amplitude‐dependence of magnetic susceptibility measurements permits preliminary magnetic mineralogy characterization in submarine basalts Rapid amplitude‐dependence measurements may aid in deciding upon the best demagnetization protocol for submarine basalt samples
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 59
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Influence of Hydrodynamics on the Composition and Reactivity of Particulate Organic Matter in a Large River Influenced Ocean Margin (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Marginal seas influenced by large rivers are characterized by complex hydrodynamic and organic matter cycling processes. However, the impacts of hydrodynamics on the composition and reactivity of particulate organic matter (POM) remain unclear. Here we conducted a comprehensive study on the bulk, molecular and biological properties of suspended POM in the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent area subjected to strong currents, eddies as well as typhoons during spring and autumn. D/L‐enantiomers of particulate amino acids (PAA) were analyzed to evaluate the bioreactivity of POM and quantify bacterial‐derived organic carbon. We found that POM bioavailability as indicated by carbon‐normalized yields of PAA (PAA‐C%) reflected the ecosystem productivity. Relatively high PAA‐C% values (20−35%) were observed in productive areas influenced by Changjiang River plume, cyclonic eddies and typhoons, likely related to the enhanced nutrient availability arising from hydrodynamic processes. In contrast, the oligotrophic Taiwan Warm Current‐influenced regions featured relatively low POM bioavailability (PAA‐C% 〈 10%) despite typhoons facilitating water mixing. The PAA‐C% values showed a significant positive correlation with extracellular enzyme activity, indicating that bioavailable POM can rapidly stimulate heterotrophic transformation. Hot spots of elevated bioavailable POM showed high contributions of bacterial organic carbon. A large portion (∼2/3) of bacterial organic carbon was present in the form of bacterial detritus, suggesting that patches of these biological hot spots represent important sites of carbon sequestration. Together, our findings indicate that fresh POM production is largely controlled by nutrient supply driven by hydrodynamic processes, with important implications for carbon sequestration in the dynamic ocean margins. Plain Language Summary Marginal seas are subject to complex hydrodynamic processes and play an important role in carbon sequestration. Disentangling the linkages between hydrodynamics and organic carbon reactivity and composition is crucial to understanding the regional carbon cycle. Here we collected suspended particulate organic matter (POM) in the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent coastal areas. Based on the biomarker D/L‐amino acids, we assessed the bioavailability of POM and quantified the organic carbon originating from bacteria. We found that high bioactivity of POM occurred in productive Changjiang River plume, cyclonic eddy, and typhoon influenced areas. These hydrodynamic processes appear to increase nutrient availability, therefore promoting phytoplankton growth. Bioavailable POM can rapidly stimulate heterotrophic activity and facilitate the transformation of algal‐derived organic carbon to bacterial detritus, thus contributing to carbon sequestration. Our findings suggest that the production of bioavailable POM is largely controlled by hydrodynamically driven nutrient supply. Key Points We use D/L‐amino acids to assess the bioreactivity and bacterial origins of particulate organic matter (POM) in the dynamic Changjiang Estuary and adjacent area High bioavailability of POM occurs in productive regions affected by Changjiang River plume, cyclonic eddies and typhoons Hot spots of bioavailable POM represent important sites for carbon sequestration
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 60
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Influence of Freshwater Input on the Evolution of the 1995 Benguela Nino (2024)
    Wiley | AGU (American Geological Society)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Key Points: - Freshwater input has significantly contributed to the surface warming at the peak of the 1995 Benguela Niño - Anomalously high river discharge and precipitation increased stratification and reduced turbulent heat loss by creating barrier layers - Combination of high freshwater input and strong poleward surface current might play a role in temperature variability off Angola Benguela Nino events are characterized by strong warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies off the Angolan and Namibian coasts. In 1995, the strongest event in the satellite era took place, impacting fish availability in both Angolan and Namibian waters. In this study, we use direct observations, satellite data, and reanalysis products to investigate the impact that the up-until-now unnoticed mechanism of freshwater input from Congo River discharge (CRD) and precipitation had on the evolution of the 1995 Benguela Nino. In the onset phase of the event, anomalous rainfall in November/December 1994 at around 6 degrees S, combined with a high CRD, generated a low salinity plume. The plume was advected into the Angola-Namibia region in the following February/March 1995 by an anomalously strong poleward surface current generated by the relaxation of the southerly winds and shifts in the coastal wind stress curl. The presence of this low surface salinity anomaly of about -2 psu increased ocean stability by generating barrier layers, thereby reducing the turbulent heat loss, since turbulent mixing acted on a weak vertical temperature gradient. A mixed layer heat budget analysis demonstrates that southward advection of Angolan waters drove the warming at the onset, while reduced mixing played the main role at the event's peak. We conclude that a freshwater input contributed to the SST increase in this exceptionally strong event and suggest that this input can influence the SST variability in Angola-Namibia waters through a combination of high CRD, precipitation, and the presence of a strong poleward surface current. Benguela Nino events are characterized by excessive warming of the sea surface temperature off the Angolan and Namibian coasts. One of the strongest-ever recorded warm events dates back to 1995, impacting fish availability in both Angolan and Namibian waters. In our research, we investigate if freshwater from rain and from the Congo River could have impacted the evolution of this 1995 Benguela Nino. In the event's early stage, high precipitation and river discharge generated a low salinity pool at the Congo River mouth, which in February/March 1995 was taken to the south by an exceptionally strong surface current, generated by changes in wind strength and direction at the African coast. This low sea surface salinity in a shallow layer in the upper meters of the ocean increased the ocean's stability. As the stabilized waters diminished the usual mixing from the depths below which cools down the surface waters, it contributed to an increase in warming in the surface layer of the ocean. We conclude that the warming of the surface waters in the region was indeed influenced by the combination of high precipitation and high Congo River discharge with a strong surface current toward the south. Freshwater input has significantly contributed to the surface warming at the peak of the 1995 Benguela Nino Anomalously high river discharge and precipitation increased stratification and reduced turbulent heat loss by creating barrier layers Combination of high freshwater input and strong poleward surface current might play a role in temperature variability off Angola
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 61
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Early Diagenetic Controls on Sedimentary Iodine Release and Iodine‐To‐Organic Carbon Ratios in the Paleo‐Record (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Iodine cycling in the ocean is closely linked to productivity, organic carbon export, and oxygenation. However, iodine sources and sinks at the seafloor are poorly constrained, which limits the applicability of iodine as a biogeochemical tracer. We present pore water and solid phase iodine data for sediment cores from the Peruvian continental margin, which cover a range of bottom water oxygen concentrations, organic carbon rain rates and sedimentation rates. By applying a numerical reaction‐transport model, we evaluate how these parameters determine benthic iodine fluxes and sedimentary iodine‐to‐organic carbon ratios (I:C org ) in the paleo‐record. Iodine is delivered to the sediment with organic material and released into the pore water as iodide (I − ) during early diagenesis. Under anoxic conditions in the bottom water, most of the iodine delivered is recycled, which can explain the presence of excess dissolved iodine in near‐shore anoxic seawater. According to our model, the benthic I − efflux in anoxic areas is mainly determined by the organic carbon rain rate. Under oxic conditions, pore water dissolved I − is oxidized and precipitated at the sediment surface. Much of the precipitated iodine re‐dissolves during early diagenesis and only a fraction is buried. Particulate iodine burial efficiency and I:C org burial ratios do increase with bottom water oxygen. However, multiple combinations of bottom water oxygen, organic carbon rain rate and sedimentation rate can lead to identical I:C org , which limits the utility of I:C org as a quantitative oxygenation proxy. Our findings may help to better constrain the ocean's iodine mass balance, both today and in the geological past. Key Points The impact of early diagenesis on benthic iodine fluxes and iodine burial was quantitatively evaluated using a reaction‐transport model Dissolved iodine anomalies in the water column are indicative of benthic efflux from anoxic sediments with high organic carbon turnover Not only bottom water oxygen but also organic carbon delivery and sedimentation rate determine sedimentary iodine‐to‐organic carbon ratios
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 62
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Assessment of Chalk as an Archive for the Lithium Isotope Composition of Seawater (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: The understanding of silicate weathering and its role as a sink for atmospheric CO 2 is important to get a better insight into how the Earth shifts from warm to cool climates. The lithium isotope composition (δ 7 Li) of marine carbonates can be used as a proxy to track the past chemical weathering of silicates. A high‐resolution δ 7 Li record would be helpful to evaluate the role of silicate weathering during the late Cretaceous climate cooling. Here, we assess chalk as a potential archive for reconstructing Late Cretaceous seawater Li isotope composition by comparing Maastrichtian chalk from Northern Germany (Hemmoor, Kronsmoor) to a Quaternary coccolith ooze from the Manihiki Plateau (Pacific Ocean) as a lithological analog to modern conditions. We observe a negative offset of 3.9 ± 0.6‰ for the coccolith ooze relative to the modern seawater Li isotope composition (+31.1 ± 0.3‰; 2SE; n = 54), a value that falls in the range of published offsets for modern core‐top samples and for brachiopod calcite. Further, the negative offset between the Li isotope compositions of Manihiki coccolith ooze and modern planktonic foraminifera is 2.3 ± 0.6‰. Although chalk represents a diagenetically altered modification of pelagic nannofossil ooze, manifested by changes in the composition of trace elements, we observe a consistent offset of Li isotope data between Maastrichtian chalk and Maastrichtian planktonic foraminiferal data (−1.4 ± 0. 5‰) that lies within the uncertainty of modern values. We therefore suggest that chalk can be used as a reliable archive for δ 7 Li reconstructions. Key Points Chalk is a reliable archive for the Li isotope composition of seawater Coccolith ooze has a negative offset of 3.9 ± 0.6‰ from modern seawater for Li isotope ratios The estimated mean value for the late Maastrichtian seawater Li isotope composition is +27.5 ± 1.0‰
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: other
    Format: other
    Format: other
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 63
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An Amphibole Perspective on the Recent Magmatic Evolution of Mount St. Helens (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Compositional variations of amphibole stratigraphically recovered from multiple eruptions at a given volcano have a great potential to archive long-term magmatic processes in its crustal plumbing system. Calcic amphibole is a ubiquitous yet chemically and texturally diverse mineral at Mount St. Helens (MSH), where it occurs in dacites and in co-magmatic enclaves throughout the Spirit Lake stage (last ~4000 years of eruptive history). It forms three populations with distinct geochemical trends in key major and trace elements, which are subdivided into a high-Al (11–14.5 wt% Al2O3), a medium-Al (10–12.5 wt% Al2O3), and a low-Al (7.5–10 wt% Al2O3) amphibole population. The oldest investigated tephra record (Smith Creek period, 3900–3300 years BP) yields a bimodal amphibole distribution in which lower-crustal, high-Al amphibole cores (crystallized dominantly from basaltic andesite to andesite melts) and upper-crustal, low-Al amphibole rims (crystallized from rhyolitic melt) document occasional recharge of a shallow silicic mush by a more mafic melt from a lower-crustal reservoir. The sudden appearance of medium-Al amphiboles enriched in incompatible trace elements in eruptive periods younger than 2900 years BP is associated with a change in reservoir conditions toward hotter and drier magmas, which indicates recharge of the shallow silicic reservoir by basaltic melt enriched in incompatible elements. Deep-crystallizing, high-Al amphibole, however, appears mostly unaffected by such incompatible-element-enriched basaltic recharge, suggesting that these basalts bypass the lower crustal reservoir. This could be the result of the eastward offset position of the lower crustal reservoir relative to the upper crustal storage zone underneath the MSH edifice. Amphibole has proven to be a sensitive geochemical archive for uncovering storage conditions of magmas at MSH. In agreement with geophysical observations, storage and differentiation have occurred in two main zones: an upper crustal and lower crustal reservoir (the lower one being chemically less evolved). The upper crustal silicic reservoir, offset to the west of the lower crustal reservoir, has captured compositionally unusual mafic recharge (drier, hotter, and enriched in incompatible trace elements in comparison to the typical parental magmas in the region), resulting in an increased chemical diversity of amphiboles and their carrier intermediate magmas, in the last ~3000 years of MSH’s volcanic record.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: archive
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 64
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Impacts of North Atlantic Model Biases on Natural Decadal Climate Variability (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-26
    Description: Key Points: - North Atlantic biases are alleviated by an eddying nested ocean configuration embedded in a global climate model, FOCI-VIKING10 - It is indicated that reduction of the North Atlantic biases could improve the representation of NAO sub-decadal (8 years) variability - For detecting weak external imprints with limited computational resources, an ensemble with a coarse-resolution model is favorable Increasing the horizontal resolution of an ocean model is frequently seen as a way to reduce the model biases in the North Atlantic, but we are often limited by computational resources. Here, a two-way nested ocean model configuration (VIKING10) that consists of a high-resolution (1/10°) component and covers the northern North Atlantic, is embedded in a 1/2° ocean grid as part of the global chemistry-climate model, FOCI (called FOCI-VIKING10). This configuration yields a significantly improved path of the North Atlantic current (NAC), which here reduces the North Atlantic cold bias by ∼50%. Compared with the coarse-resolution, non-eddying model, the improved thermal state of upper ocean layers and surface heat fluxes in a historical simulation based on FOCI-VIKING10 are beneficial for simulating the subdecadal North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) variability (i.e., a period of 8 years). A northward drift of the NAO-forced ocean thermal anomalies as seen in observations and the eddying FOCI-VIKING10, provide a lagged ocean feedback to the NAO via changes in the net surface heat flux, leading to the NAO periodicity of 8 years. This lagged feedback and the 8 years variability of the NAO cannot be captured by the non-eddying standard FOCI historical simulation. Furthermore, the argumentative responses of the North Atlantic to the 11-year solar cycle are re-examined in this study. The reported solar-induced NAO-like responses are confirmed in the 9-member ensemble mean based on FOCI but with low robustness among individual members. A lagged NAO-like response is only found in the nested eddying simulation but absent from the non-eddying reference simulation, suggesting North Atlantic biases importantly limit climate model capability to realistically solar imprints in North Atlantic climate.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 65
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Origin, evolution and significance of giant buried sediment mounds near the Sahara Slide Complex, North‐west African margin (2024)
    IAS (International Association of Sedimentologists) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-01
    Description: Mixed turbidite–contourite depositional systems result from interactions between down‐slope turbidity currents and along‐slope bottom currents, comprising excellent records of past oceanographic currents. Modern and ancient systems have been widely documented along the continental margins of the Atlantic Ocean. Yet, few examples have so far been identified on the North‐west African continental margin, limiting understanding of the sedimentary and palaeoceanographic evolution in this area. This work uses two‐dimensional seismic reflection profiles to report, for the first time, the presence of three giant sediment mounds beneath the headwall region of the Sahara Slide Complex. The sediment mounds are elongated and separated by two broad canyons, showing a north‐west/south‐east orientation that is roughly perpendicular to the continental margin. These mounds are 24 to 37 km long and 12 to 17 km wide, reaching a maximum height of ca 1000 m. Numerous slide scarps are observed within and along the flanks of the mounds, hinting at the occurrence of submarine landslides during their development. Based on their geometries, external shapes, internal seismic architecture and stratigraphic stacking patterns, it is proposed that these sediment mounds comprise down‐slope elongated mounded drifts formed in a mixed turbidite–contourite system during four evolutionary stages: onset, growth, maintenance and burial. The significance of this work is that it demonstrates the gradual transition from a turbidite system to a full mixed turbidite–contourite system to be associated, in the study area, with the establishment of strong ocean currents along north‐west Africa.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 66
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    How Hydrothermal Cooling and Magmatic Sill Intrusions Control Flip‐Flop Faulting at Ultraslow‐Spreading Mid‐Ocean Ridges (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-01
    Description: “Flip‐flop” detachment mode represents an endmember type of lithosphere‐scale faulting observed at almost amagmatic sections of ultraslow‐spreading mid‐ocean ridges. Recent numerical experiments using an imposed steady temperature structure show that an axial temperature maximum is essential to trigger flip‐flop faults by focusing flexural strain in the footwall of the active fault. However, ridge segments without significant melt budget are more likely to be in a transient thermal state controlled, at least partly, by the faulting dynamics themselves. Therefore, we investigate which processes control the thermal structure of the lithosphere and how feedbacks with the deformation mechanisms can explain observed faulting patterns. We present results of 2‐D thermo‐mechanical numerical modeling including serpentinization reactions and dynamic grain size evolution. The model features a novel form of parametrized hydrothermal cooling along fault zones as well as the thermal and rheological effects of periodic sill intrusions. We find that the interplay of hydrothermal fault zone cooling and periodic sill intrusions in the footwall facilitates the flip‐flop detachment mode. Hydrothermal cooling of the fault zone pushes the temperature maximum into the footwall, while intrusions near the temperature maximum further weaken the rock and promote the formation of new faults with opposite polarity. Our model allows us to put constraints on the magnitude of two processes, and we obtain most reasonable melt budgets and hydrothermal heat fluxes if both are considered. Furthermore, we frequently observe two other faulting modes in our experiments complementing flip‐flop faulting to yield a potentially more robust alternative interpretation for existing observations. Plain Language Summary At mid‐ocean ridges, two plates diverge and new seafloor is created. The nature and appearance of this new seafloor strongly depend on spreading velocity and the availability of magmatic melts. At one of the melt‐poorest and slowest‐spreading ridges, a special form of large‐scale tectonic faults, so‐called flip‐flop detachments, can be observed. Tectonic faults can act as pathways for fluids circulating through the seafloor, which provides a significant cooling effect for the young plate. The interplay of magmatic activity, faulting and fluid circulation is evident at many different ridges with different magmatic activity and spreading rates. Flip‐flop faulting is restricted to only a few ridge sections worldwide, and we here investigate the prerequisites for this special spreading mode. To do so, we set up a computer model of an ultraslow‐spreading mid‐ocean ridge including the effects of sparse magmatism as well as the cooling effect associated with fluid circulation. We find that feedbacks between faulting dynamics, hydrothermal cooling and magmatic activity control the magnitude and spatial location of each individual process. Seafloor and subsurface observations are best explained by calculations with moderate melt input and hydrothermal circulation acting together. Key Points We implemented hydrothermal cooling and magmatic intrusion in a thermo‐mechanical model to explain detachment faulting at ultraslow ridges Stable flip‐flop detachment faulting is observed for setups considering both melt input and hydrothermal heat fluxes at realistic magnitudes Two other faulting modes frequently observed in our model offer potential alternative interpretations for existing seafloor observations
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 67
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Evaluating the physics of outcrop-to-outcrop flow with hydrothermal flow models (2024)
    Wiley | AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-07
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 68
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Inverting Geodetic Strain Rates for Slip Deficit Rate in Complex Deforming Zones: An Application to the New Zealand Plate Boundary (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-18
    Description: The potential for future earthquakes on faults is often inferred from inversions of geodetically derived surface velocities for locking on faults using kinematic models such as block models. This can be challenging in complex deforming zones with many closely spaced faults or where deformation is not readily described with block motions. Furthermore, surface strain rates are more directly related to coupling on faults than surface velocities. We present a methodology for estimating slip deficit rate directly from strain rate and apply it to New Zealand for the purpose of incorporating geodetic data in the 2022 revision of the New Zealand National Seismic Hazard Model. The strain rate inversions imply slightly higher slip deficit rates than the preferred geologic slip rates on sections of the major strike‐slip systems including the Alpine Fault, the Marlborough Fault System and the northern part of the North Island Fault System. Slip deficit rates are significantly lower than even the lowest geologic estimates on some strike‐slip faults in the southern North Island Fault System near Wellington. Over the entire plate boundary, geodetic slip deficit rates are systematically higher than geologic slip rates for faults slipping less than one mm/yr but lower on average for faults with slip rates between about 5 and 25 mm/yr. We show that 70%–80% of the total strain rate field can be attributed to elastic strain due to fault coupling. The remaining 20%–30% shows systematic spatial patterns of strain rate style that is often consistent with local geologic style of faulting. Plain Language Summary The potential for future earthquakes on faults is often inferred from velocities of the ground surface derived from satellite geodesy, but this approach can be challenging in complex deforming zones with many closely spaced faults. We present a new methodology for estimating the rate at which energy is accumulating on faults using measurements of surface strain rates. The method is applied to New Zealand for the purpose of incorporating geodetic data in the 2022 revision of the New Zealand National Seismic Hazard Model. We show that 70%–80% of the total deformation field can be attributed to energy accumulation on known active faults while the source of the remaining 20%–30% remains unknown. Along some of the major faults in New Zealand we find some important differences in rates of energy accumulation from what is expected from geologic data. Estimated rates are significantly lower than even the lowest geologic estimates on some faults in the fault system near highly‐populated Wellington. Key Points We develop a method to invert geodetically derived strain rates for slip deficit rates on faults We find small but systematic differences between slip deficit rates and geologic slip rates About 70%–80% of the surface strain can be attributed to elastic strain due to coupling on faults
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 69
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Stimulation of small phytoplankton drives enhanced sinking particle formation in a subtropical ocean eddy (2024)
    Wiley | ASLO (Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Nutrient transfer into the sunlit surface ocean by cyclonic eddies is potentially crucial for sustaining primary productivity in the stratified subtropical gyres. However, the nature of productivity enhancements, including the flow of matter to higher trophic levels and its impact on carbon fluxes, remain poorly resolved. Here, we report a detailed assessment of the biogeochemical response to a cyclonic eddy in the subtropical Northwest Pacific via a combination of ship‐based and autonomous platforms. Primary production was enhanced twofold within the eddy core relative to reference sites outside, whereas phytoplankton biomass even decreased. Pico‐phytoplankton (〈 2 μ m) dominated (〉 80%) both phytoplankton biomass and primary production inside and outside the eddy. The stimulated primary production in the eddy core was accompanied by an approximately twofold increase in mesozooplankton abundance, an approximately threefold increase in particle formation in the deep chlorophyll maximum layer, as well as significantly enhanced surface oceanic CO 2 uptake and net community production. We suggest these observations carry important implications for understanding carbon export in the subtropical ocean and highlight the need to include such subtropical eddy features in ocean carbon budget analyses.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 70
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Switches between nitrogen limitation and nitrogen–phosphorus co‐limitation in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean (2024)
    Wiley | ASLO
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Concentrations of bioavailable inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are simultaneously depleted in the (sub)tropical North Atlantic Ocean, but it remains unclear if phytoplankton growth rates are N limited or N–P co‐limited. Here we present findings from three bottle‐scale experiments using a four‐by‐four matrix of low‐level N and P additions, conducted at one site in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. Phytoplankton responses were assessed both in terms of bulk chlorophyll a (Chl a ) concentrations and intracellular Chl a of dominant Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus groups. Two matrix experiments suggested that N was independently limiting in situ growth, with no co‐limiting role for P, while the third showed co‐limitation by both N and P in this region. This switch from N limitation to N–P co‐limitation was attributed to an episodic wet deposition event that supplied N, thereby stimulating phytoplankton growth and consuming available P. Such rapid transitions in nutrient limitation in response to environmental forcing might be common in oceanic systems with multiple depleted nutrients.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 71
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Accurate measurement of K/Ca in low‐[K] carbonate samples using laser‐ablation sector‐field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Rationale Potassium (K) is a major component of several silicate minerals and seawater, and, therefore, constraining past changes in the potassium cycle is a promising way of tracing large‐scale geological processes on Earth. However, [K] measurement using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) is challenging due to an ArH + interference, which may be of a similar magnitude to the K + ion beam in samples with 〈0.1% m/m [K]. Methods In this work, we investigated the effect of the ArH + interference on K/Ca data quality by comparing results from laser‐ablation (LA)‐ICP‐MS measured in medium and high mass resolution modes and validating our LA results via solution ICP‐optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and solution ICP‐MS measurements. To do so, we used a wide range of geological reference materials, with a particular focus on marine carbonates, which are potential archives of past changes in the K cycle but are typically characterised by [K] 〈 200 μg/g. In addition, we examine the degree to which trace‐element data quality is driven by downhole fractionation during LA‐ICP‐MS measurements. Results Our results show that medium mass resolution (MR) mode is sufficiently capable of minimising the effect of the ArH + interference on K + . However, the rate of downhole fractionation for Na and K varies between different samples as a result of their differing bulk composition, resulting in matrix‐specific inaccuracy. We show how this can be accounted for via downhole fractionation corrections, resulting in an accuracy of better than 1% and a long‐term reproducibility (intermediate precision) of 〈6% (relative standard deviation) in JCp‐1NP using LA‐ICP‐MS in MR mode. Conclusion Our [K] measurement protocol is demonstrably precise and accurate and applicable to a wide range of materials. The measurement of K/Ca in relatively low‐[K] marine carbonates is presented here as a key example of a new application opened up by these advances.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 72
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Volcanic flank collapse, secondary sediment failure and flow-transition: multi-stage landslide emplacement offshore Montserrat, Lesser Antilles (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-14
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 73
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Comprehensive molecular‐isotopic characterization of archaeal lipids in the Black Sea water column and underlying sediments (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: The Black Sea is a permanently anoxic, marine basin serving as model system for the deposition of organic-rich sediments in a highly stratified ocean. In such systems, archaeal lipids are widely used as paleoceanographic and biogeochemical proxies; however, the diverse planktonic and benthic sources as well as their potentially distinct diagenetic fate may complicate their application. To track the flux of archaeal lipids and to constrain their sources and turnover, we quantitatively examined the distributions and stable carbon isotopic compositions (delta 13C) of intact polar lipids (IPLs) and core lipids (CLs) from the upper oxic water column into the underlying sediments, reaching deposits from the last glacial. The distribution of IPLs responded more sensitively to the geochemical zonation than the CLs, with the latter being governed by the deposition from the chemocline. The isotopic composition of archaeal lipids indicates CLs and IPLs in the deep anoxic water column have negligible influence on the sedimentary pool. Archaeol substitutes tetraether lipids as the most abundant IPL in the deep anoxic water column and the lacustrine methanic zone. Its elevated IPL/CL ratios and negative delta 13C values indicate active methane metabolism. Sedimentary CL- and IPL-crenarchaeol were exclusively derived from the water column, as indicated by non-variable delta 13C values that are identical to those in the chemocline and by the low BIT (branched isoprenoid tetraether index). By contrast, in situ production accounts on average for 22% of the sedimentary IPL-GDGT-0 (glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether) based on isotopic mass balance using the fermentation product lactate as an endmember for the dissolved substrate pool. Despite the structural similarity, glycosidic crenarchaeol appears to be more recalcitrant in comparison to its non-cycloalkylated counterpart GDGT-0, as indicated by its consistently higher IPL/CL ratio in sediments. The higher TEX86, CCaT, and GDGT-2/-3 values in glacial sediments could plausibly result from selective turnover of archaeal lipids and/or an archaeal ecology shift during the transition from the glacial lacustrine to the Holocene marine setting. Our in-depth molecular-isotopic examination of archaeal core and intact polar lipids provided new constraints on the sources and fate of archaeal lipids and their applicability in paleoceanographic and biogeochemical studies.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 74
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Introduction to special issue on seabed prospecting technology (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 75
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    CS2 Cycling in Seawater: Dark Production and UV Light Driven Consumption (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Carbon disulfide (CS2) has recently gained attention as an important precursor for the atmospheric trace gas carbonyl sulfide (OCS), which delivers sulfur to the stratospheric sulfur layer and impacts the radiative budget of the Earth. CS2 is naturally produced in the ocean and emitted to the atmosphere. However, the magnitude of its marine emissions is only poorly constrained due to lacking understanding of its production and consumption processes. Here, we present incubation experiments with and without UV light treatment and provide evidence for a previously not considered UV-light-driven degradation process of CS2 in seawater, following first-order kinetics. In addition to its already known photochemical production process, CS2 production is found in the dark, depending on the amount of dissolved organic sulfur present in seawater. We provide novel production and consumption rates of CS2 in seawater that pave the way toward mechanistically quantifying marine emissions of this important trace gas. Key Points: - Carbon disulfide in seawater is degraded by UV light at time scales of days - Carbon disulfide is produced in seawater without UV light at rates comparable to photochemical production - Carbon disulfide dark production is limited by dissolved organic sulfur
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 76
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Optical Characterization of Marine Aerosols Using a Morphologically Realistic Model With Varying Water Content: Implications for Lidar Applications and Passive Polarimetric Remote Sensing (2024)
    AGU (American Geological Society) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Retrieving the physical properties and water content of marine aerosols requires understanding the links between the particles' optical and microphysical properties. By using a morphologically realistic model with varying salt mass fractions fm, describing the transition from irregularly shaped, dry salt crystals to brine-coated geometries, optical properties relevant to polarimetric remote sensing are computed at wavelengths of 532 and 1,064 nm. The extinction cross section and its color ratio depend on particle size, but are insensitive to changes in fm; thus, measured extinction coefficients at two wavelengths contain information on both particle number and size. The lidar ratio's dependence on both size and wavelength has implications for inverting the lidar equation. The results suggest that active observations of the backscattering cross section's color ratio and the depolarization ratio, as well as, passive observations of the degree of linear polarization offer avenues to obtain the water content of marine aerosols. Key Points: - Modeled extinction coefficient of marine aerosol depends on particle radius and wavelength, but not on water content - The depolarization ratio and the color ratio of the backscattering cross section generally decrease with growing aerosol water content - The linear polarization peak near backscattering angles at NIR wavelength could be used in passive polarimetry to retrieve water content
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 77
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Slow Slip Events in New Zealand: Irregular, yet Predictable? (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Current earthquake forecasting approaches are mainly based on probabilistic assumptions, as earthquakes seem to occur randomly. Such apparent randomness can however be caused by deterministic chaos, rendering deterministic short‐term forecasts possible. Due to the short historical and instrumental record of earthquakes, chaos detection has proven challenging, but more frequently occurring slow slip events (SSE) are promising candidates to probe for determinism. Here, we characterize the SSE signatures obtained from GNSS position time series in the Hikurangi Subduction Zone (New Zealand) to investigate whether the seemingly random SSE occurrence is governed by chaotic determinism. We find evidence for deterministic chaos for stations recording shallow SSEs, suggesting that short‐term deterministic forecasting of SSEs, similar to weather forecasts, might indeed be possible over timescales of a few weeks. We anticipate that our findings could open the door for next‐generation SSE forecasting, adding new tools to existing probabilistic approaches. Plain Language Summary Since earthquakes appear to occur randomly, the currently available probabilistic predictions are based on past earthquake records. These predictions estimate the likelihood of an earthquake of a given magnitude occurring within a defined time period. In contrast to such probabilistic approaches, deterministic systems are fully predictable, albeit often confined to short time scales due to their potential chaotic behavior. Probing for deterministic predictability in the earthquake cycle is intractable due to the limited historical instrumental record. However, frequently occurring slow slip events ‐ captured by transient GNSS displacements that can last several weeks ‐ provide a unique opportunity to explore deterministic predictability in these types of slow earthquakes. By studying GNSS time series from various stations on New Zealand’s North Island, we have discovered evidence suggesting that these irregularly occurring slow slip events might be governed by chaotic determinism. This implies the potential to forecast both timing and magnitude of slow slip events a few weeks in advance using deterministic methods, much like we predict weather patterns. Consequently, our theoretical findings could therefore pave the way for innovative approaches to short‐term slow slip forecasting. Key Points Nonlinear analysis of GNSS displacement time series unveils evidence for deterministic chaos in slow slip events in New Zealand Our theoretical findings imply that irregularly occurring slow slip events could potentially be forecasted a few weeks in advance
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 78
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Plankton community changes during the last 124 000 years in the subarctic Bering Sea derived from sedimentary ancient DNA (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Current global warming results in rising sea-water temperatures, and the loss of sea ice in arctic and subarctic oceans impacts the community composition of primary producers with cascading effects on the food web and potentially on carbon export rates. This study analyzes metagenomic shotgun and diatom rbcL amplicon-sequencing data from sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) of the subarctic western Bering Sea that records phyto- and zooplankton community changes over the last glacial–interglacial cycle, including the last interglacial period (Eemian). Our data show that interglacial and glacial plankton communities differ, with distinct Eemian and Holocene plankton communities. The generally warm Holocene period is dominated by pico-sized cyanobacteria and bacteria-feeding heterotrophic protists, while the Eemian period is dominated by eukaryotic pico-sized chlorophytes and Triparmaceae. In contrast, the glacial period is characterized by micro-sized phototrophic protists, including sea-ice associated diatoms in the family Bacillariaceae and co-occurring diatom-feeding crustaceous zooplankton. Our deep-time record of plankton community changes reveals a long-term decrease in phytoplankton cell size coeval with increasing temperatures, and resembling community changes in the currently warming Bering Sea. The phytoplankton community in the warmer-than-present Eemian period is distinct from modern communities and limits the use of the Eemian as an analog for future climate scenarios. However, under enhanced future warming, the expected shift towards the dominance of small-sized phytoplankton and heterotrophic protists might result in an increased productivity, whereas the community’s potential of carbon export will be decreased, thereby weakening the subarctic Bering Sea’s function as an effective carbon sink.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 79
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Deep Fault‐Controlled Fluid Flow Driving Shallow Stratigraphically Constrained Gas Hydrate Formation: Urutī Basin, Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The Hikurangi Margin east of New Zealand's North Island hosts an extensive gas hydrate province with numerous gas hydrate accumulations related to the faulted structure of the accretionary wedge. One such hydrate feature occurs in a small perched upper‐slope basin known as Urutī Basin. We investigated this hydrate accumulation by combining a long‐offset seismic line (10‐km‐long receiver array) with a grid of high‐resolution seismic lines acquired with a 600‐m‐long hydrophone streamer. The long‐offset data enable quantitative velocity analysis, while the high‐resolution data constrain the three‐dimensional geometry of the hydrate accumulation. The sediments in Urutī Basin dip landward due to ongoing deformation of the accretionary wedge. These strata are clearly imaged in seismic data where they cross a distinct bottom simulating reflection (BSR) that dips counterintuitively in the opposite direction to the regional dip of the seafloor. BSR‐derived heat flow estimates reveal a distinct heat flow anomaly that coincides spatially with the upper extent of a landward‐verging thrust fault. We present a conceptual model of this gas hydrate system that highlights the roles of fault‐controlled fluid flow at depth merging into strata‐controlled fluid flow into the hydrate stability zone. The result is a layer‐constrained accumulation of concentrated gas hydrate in the dipping strata. Our study provides new insight into the interplay between deep faulting, fluid flow and gas hydrate formation within an active accretionary margin. Plain Language Summary Gas hydrates are ice‐like substances in which natural gas molecules are trapped in a cage of water molecules. They exist where the pressure is high, temperature is cold, and enough methane is present. These conditions exist in the marine environment at water depths greater than 300–500 m near sediment‐rich continental margins and in polar regions. It is important to study gas hydrates because they represent a significant part of the Earth's carbon budget and influence the flow of methane into the oceans and atmosphere. In this study, we use the seismic reflection method to generate images of gas‐hydrate‐bearing marine sediments east of New Zealand. Our data reveal an intriguing relationship between deep‐sourced fluid flow upward along a tectonic fault, and shallower flow through dipping sediments. This complex fluid flow pattern has led to disruption of the gas hydrate system and the formation of concentrated gas hydrate deposits within the dipping sediments. Our study highlights the relationships between relatively deep tectonic processes (faulting and fluid flow) and the shallow process of gas hydrate formation in an active subduction zone. Key Points A distinct gas‐hydrate to free‐gas transition is mapped using high‐ and low‐frequency seismic data Gas and hydrate accumulations in the Urutī Basin are controlled by the structural setting, ongoing deep‐sourced fluid flow, and near surface stratigraphy Regions of high modeled heat flow can be directly related to accumulations of gas and gas hydrates
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 80
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Geomorphology and Age Constraints of Seamounts in the Cabo Verde Archipelago, and Their Relationship to Island Ages and Geodynamic Evolution (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The Cabo Verde Archipelago is related to a mantle plume located close to the rotational pole of the African Plate. It consists of islands and seamounts arranged in a horseshoe‐shaped pattern open to the west, thus forming two volcanic chains, each with a weak east‐west age progression. High‐resolution swath bathymetry of 12 Cabo Verde seamounts is used here to assign each seamount to its pre‐shield, shield or post‐shield evolutionary stage, respectively. The eastern seamounts exhibit degraded and partially eroded morphologies, and are mainly in their post‐shield stage. A new 40 Ar‐ 39 Ar date for Senghor Seamount at 14.872 ± 0.027 Ma supports old ages for the eastern seamounts. The western seamounts generally exhibit younger volcanic‐edifice‐construction morphologies, showing fresh effusive and explosive volcanics, including rarely observed deep‐water explosive volcanism in the Charles Darwin Volcanic Field. Furthermore, the two previously unknown seamounts Sodade and Tavares in the westernmost termini of both volcanic chains exhibit pristine volcanic morphologies, in agreement with present‐day volcanism and seismic activity recorded from the western seamounts. The islands and seamounts rest on three submarine platforms to the east, northwest and southwest, respectively. Taken together, the seamount and island data suggest a shift in igneous activity from the eastern to the other platforms at about 8–6 Ma. However, the complex evolution pattern for both volcanic chains includes the simultaneous occurrence of pre‐shield or shield edifices at any time, followed by erosional and rejuvenation stages. The new seamount data still demonstrate ongoing westward submarine‐growth in both volcanic chains. Plain Language Summary The Cabo Verde volcanic islands and seamounts are located in the central Atlantic Ocean, ∼570 km off the west coast of Africa. They form a horseshoe‐shaped archipelago with two volcanic chains, which were formed by the African plate moving very slowly over a mantle hotspot (the Cabo Verde Plume). Both the northern and southern volcanic chains show weak east‐to‐west age progressions from ∼26 million years to the present day. This study uses underwater topographic data and observations/rock sampling via remotely operated vehicles from 12 submarine volcanic seamounts, including two previously unknown seamounts, collected during four research cruises in the Cabo Verde Archipelago. Geomorphology is used to classify each seamount as being in its pre‐shield, shield or post‐shield evolutionary stage, respectively. Cabo Verde islands and seamounts rest on three submarine morphological platforms, reflecting westward jumps of the main igneous activity, and also confirming the westward migration of the Cabo Verde hotspot beneath both volcanic chains. Key Points We present bathymetrical maps of 12, in part previously uncharted Cabo Verde seamounts Geomorphology reflects various evolutionary seamount stages and relative ages. Four older seamounts indicate late Quaternary sea level lowstands Islands and seamounts rest on three morphological platforms, indicating westward jumps of the main igneous activity
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: other
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 81
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Can Glacial Sea‐Level Drop‐Induced Gas Hydrate Dissociation Cause Submarine Landslides? (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: We conducted two‐dimensional numerical simulations to investigate the mechanisms underlying the strong spatiotemporal correlation observed between submarine landslides and gas hydrate dissociation due to glacial sea‐level drops. Our results suggest that potential plastic deformation or slip could occur at localized and small scales in the shallow‐water portion of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ). This shallow‐water portion of the GHSZ typically lies within the area enclosed by three points: the BGHSZ–seafloor intersection, the seafloor at ∼600 m below sea level (mbsl), and the base of the GHSZ (BGHSZ) at ∼1,050 mbsl in low‐latitude regions. The deep BGHSZ (〉1,050 mbsl) could not slip; therefore, the entire BGHSZ was not a complete slip surface. Glacial hydrate dissociation alone is unlikely to cause large‐scale submarine landslides. Observed deep‐water (much greater than 600 mbsl) turbidites containing geochemical evidence of glacial hydrate dissociation potentially formed from erosion or detachment in the GHSZ pinch‐out zone. Plain Language Summary Many submarine landslides spatiotemporally correlate with gas hydrate dissociation. However, direct mechanical evidence supporting whether the overpressure and deformation due to glacial sea‐level drop‐induced hydrate dissociation are adequate for triggering submarine landslides is lacking. Here, we present two‐dimensional thermal‐hydraulic‐chemical and geomechanical models of a gas‐hydrate system in response to glacial sea‐level drops and conduct sensitivity analyses of the model behavior under a wide range of key conditions from a global perspective. Our simulations suggest that glacial hydrate dissociation might induce plastic deformation or slip at localized and small scales only possibly within the shallow‐water portion of the hydrate stability zone. The deep part (〉1,050 m below sea level) of the bottom boundary of the hydrate stability zone could not slip; therefore, the entire bottom boundary of the hydrate stability zone was not a complete slip surface. We demonstrate that glacial hydrate dissociation alone is unlikely to trigger large‐scale submarine landslides. Our work highlights the vicinity of the upper limit of the hydrate stability zone (where the base of the hydrate stability zone intersects the seafloor) as an important area for investigating overpressure and focused fluid flow, localized plastic deformation or slip, and downslope sediment transport related to glacial hydrate dissociation. Key Points Glacial hydrate dissociation might cause potential plastic deformation or slip at localized and small scales in shallow parts of the GHSZ The large deformation surface at the BGHSZ boundary of the potential plastic deformation zone was not a complete slip surface Glacial sea‐level drop‐induced gas hydrate dissociation alone is unlikely to have caused large‐scale submarine landslides
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 82
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A single Prochlorococcus ecotype dominates the tropical Bay of Bengal with ultradian growth (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-10
    Description: The Bay of Bengal (BoB) spans 〉2.2 million km(2) in the northeastern Indian Ocean and is bordered by dense populations that depend upon its resources. Over recent decades, a shift from larger phytoplankton to picoplankton has been reported, yet the abundance, activity, and composition of primary producer communities are not well-characterized. We analysed the BoB regions during the summer monsoon. Prochlorococcus ranged up to 3.14 x 10(5) cells mL(-1 )in the surface mixed layer, averaging 1.74 +/- 0.46 x 10(5) in the upper 10 m and consistently higher than Synechococcus and eukaryotic phytoplankton. V1-V2 rRNA gene amplicon analyses showed the High Light II (HLII) ecotype formed 98 +/- 1% of Prochlorococcus amplicons in surface waters, comprising six oligotypes, with the dominant oligotype accounting for 65 +/- 4% of HLII. Diel sampling of a coherent water mass demonstrated evening onset of cell division and rapid Prochlorococcus growth between 1.5 and 3.1 div day-1, based on cell cycle analysis, as confirmed by abundance-based estimates of 2.1 div day(-1). Accumulation of Prochlorococcus produced by ultradian growth was restricted by high loss rates. Alongside prior Arabian Sea and tropical Atlantic rates, our results indicate Prochlorococcus growth rates should be reevaluated with greater attention to latitudinal zones and influences on contributions to global primary production.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 83
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Vertical acoustic blanking in seismic data from the German North Sea: a spotlight to shallow gas‐bearing incised channels (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-10
    Description: Seismic data from the North Sea commonly show vertical acoustic blanking (VAB) often interpreted as fluid conduits with implications for Quaternary development. The robustness of this interpretation has long been controversial as the infill of tunnel valleys can also cause vertical blanking. Using 2D and 3D seismic data and sediment echosounder data from the German North Sea, we investigate VAB to determine a geological or imaging origin of these anomalies. We detected multiple VAB occurrences throughout the North Sea. 3D data from the Ducks Beak (‘Entenschnabel’) reveal a correlation of VAB with bright spots in incised channels directly below the seafloor. Large source–receiver distances allow imaging the subsurface below the channel without signal penetrating through it (undershooting). This method removes the blanking. Energy absorption by shallow biogenic gas trapped within the channels explains the observed VAB. Hence, the blanking represents an imaging artifact, highlighting the need for careful seismic processing with sufficient offset before interpreting such anomalies as fluid pathways. The channels belong to a postglacial channel system related to the now submerged lowlands of Doggerland. This work demonstrates the usability of mapping VAB to detect shallow features for paleo‐landscape reconstruction and identification of shallow gas for hazard assessments, for example.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 84
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Sizing mudsnails: Applying superpixels to scale growth detection under ocean warming (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-10
    Description: 1. The expansion of scientific image data holds great promise to quantify individuals, size distributions and traits. Computer vision tools are especially powerful to automate data mining of images and thus have been applied widely across studies in aquatic and terrestrial ecology. Yet marine benthic communities, especially infauna, remain understudied despite their dominance of marine biomass, biodiversity and playing critical roles in ecosystem functioning. 2. Here, we disaggregated infauna from sediment cores taken throughout the spring transition (April-June) from a near-natural mesocosm setup under experimental warming (Ambient, +1.5 degrees C, +3.0 degrees C). Numerically abundant mudsnails were imaged in batches under stereomicroscopy, from which we automatically counted and sized individuals using a superpixel-based segmentation algorithm. Our segmentation approach was based on clustering superpixels, which naturally partition images by low-level properties (e.g., colour, shape and edges) and allow instance-based segmentation to extract all individuals from each image. 3. We demonstrate high accuracy and precision for counting and sizing individuals, through a procedure that is robust to the number of individuals per image (5-65) and to size ranges spanning an order of magnitude (〈750 mu m to 7.4 mm). The segmentation routine provided at least a fivefold increase in efficiency compared with manual measurements. Scaling this approach to a larger dataset tallied 〉40k individuals and revealed overall growth in response to springtime warming. 4. We illustrate that image processing and segmentation workflows can be built upon existing open-access R packages, underlining the potential for wider adoption of computer vision tools among ecologists. The image-based approach also generated reproducible data products that, alongside our scripts, we have made freely available. This work reinforces the need for next-generation monitoring of benthic communities, especially infauna, which can display differential responses to average warming.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 85
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Arctic summer microbiome across Fram Strait: Depth, longitude, and substrate concentrations structure microbial diversity in the euphotic zone (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-10
    Description: The long-term dynamics of microbial communities across geographic, hydrographic, and biogeochemical gradients in the Arctic Ocean are largely unknown. To address this, we annually sampled polar, mixed, and Atlantic water masses of the Fram Strait (2015–2019; 5–100 m depth) to assess microbiome composition, substrate concentrations, and oceanographic parameters. Longitude and water depth were the major determinants (~30%) of microbial community variability. Bacterial alpha diversity was highest in lower-photic polar waters. Community composition shifted from west to east, with the prevalence of, for example, Dadabacteriales and Thiotrichales in Arctic- and Atlantic-influenced waters, respectively. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon peaked in the western, compared to carbohydrates in the chlorophyll-maximum of eastern Fram Strait. Interannual differences due to the time of sampling, which varied between early (June 2016/2018) and late (September 2019) phytoplankton bloom stages, illustrated that phytoplankton composition and resulting availability of labile substrates influence bacterial dynamics. We identified 10 species clusters with stable environmental correlations, representing signature populations of distinct ecosystem states. In context with published metagenomic evidence, our microbial-biogeochemical inventory of a key Arctic region establishes a benchmark to assess ecosystem dynamics and the imprint of climate change.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 86
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Taming the terminological tempest in invasion science (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-10
    Description: Standardised terminology in science is important for clarity of interpretation and communication. In invasion science - a dynamic and rapidly evolving discipline - the proliferation of technical terminology has lacked a standardised framework for its development. The result is a convoluted and inconsistent usage of terminology, with various discrepancies in descriptions of damage and interventions. A standardised framework is therefore needed for a clear, universally applicable, and consistent terminology to promote more effective communication across researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers. Inconsistencies in terminology stem from the exponential increase in scientific publications on the patterns and processes of biological invasions authored by experts from various disciplines and countries since the 1990s, as well as publications by legislators and policymakers focusing on practical applications, regulations, and management of resources. Aligning and standardising terminology across stakeholders remains a challenge in invasion science. Here, we review and evaluate the multiple terms used in invasion science (e.g. 'non-native', 'alien', 'invasive' or 'invader', 'exotic', 'non-indigenous', 'naturalised', 'pest') to propose a more simplified and standardised terminology. The streamlined framework we propose and translate into 28 other languages is based on the terms (i) 'non-native', denoting species transported beyond their natural biogeographic range, (ii) 'established non-native', i.e. those non-native species that have established self-sustaining populations in their new location(s) in the wild, and (iii) 'invasive non-native' - populations of established non-native species that have recently spread or are spreading rapidly in their invaded range actively or passively with or without human mediation. We also highlight the importance of conceptualising 'spread' for classifying invasiveness and 'impact' for management. Finally, we propose a protocol for classifying populations based on (i) dispersal mechanism, (ii) species origin, (iii) population status, and (iv) impact. Collectively and without introducing new terminology, the framework that we present aims to facilitate effective communication and collaboration in invasion science and management of non-native species.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 87
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Understanding the complex dynamics of zebra mussel invasions over several decades in European rivers: drivers, impacts and predictions (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha is one of the most successful, notorious, and detrimental aquatic invasive non-native species worldwide, having invaded Europe and North America while causing substantial ecological and socio-economic impacts. Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal trends in this species' invasion success using 178 macroinvertebrate abundance time series, containing 1451 records of D. polymorpha collected across nine European countries between 1972–2019. Using these raw (absolute) abundance data, we examined trends and drivers of occurrences and relative abundances of D. polymorpha within invaded communities. Meta-regression models revealed non-significant trends both at the European level and for the majority of the invaded countries, except for France (significant decreasing trend) and Hungary (marginally positive trend). At the European level, the number of D. polymorpha occurrences over time followed a flat-top bell-shaped distribution, with a steep increase between 1973–1989 followed by a plateau phase prior to significantly declining post-1998. Using a series of climatic and hydromorphological site-specific characteristics of invaded and uninvaded sites from two periods (1998–2002; 2011–2015), we found that native richness, non-native abundance, distance to the next barrier, and elevation were associated with the occurrence of D. polymorpha. We also found that higher native richness and lower latitude were related to lower relative abundances. Using Cohen's D as a measure of D. polymorpha impact, we found that biodiversity within the invaded sites was initially higher than in uninvaded ones, but then declined, suggesting differences in biodiversity trends across invaded and uninvaded sites. While our results emphasise the high invasion success of D. polymorpha, increasing stressors within the context of global change – particularly ongoing climate change – are likely to enhance invasion rates and the impact of D. polymorpha in the near future, exacerbated by the lack of timely and effective management actions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 88
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Characterizing Offshore Freshened Groundwater Salinity Patterns Using Trans-Dimensional Bayesian Inversion of Controlled Source Electromagnetic Data: A Case Study From the Canterbury Bight, New Zealand (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The study of offshore freshened groundwater (OFG) is gaining importance due to population growth and environmental pressure on coastal water resources. Marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) methods can effectively map the spatial extent of OFG systems using electrical resistivity as a proxy. Integrating these resistivity models with sub-surface properties, such as host-rock porosity, allows for estimates of pore-water salinity. However, evaluating the uncertainty in pore-water salinity using resistivity models obtained from deterministic inversion approaches presents challenges, as they provide only one best-fit model, with no associated estimate of uncertainty. To address this limitation, we employ trans-dimensional Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo inversion on marine time-domain CSEM data, acquired in the Canterbury Bight, New Zealand. We integrate resistivity posterior probability distributions with borehole and seismic reflection data to estimate pore-water salinity with corresponding uncertainty estimates. The results highlight a low-salinity groundwater body in the center of the survey area, hosted by consecutive silty- and fine-sand layers approximately 20–60 km from the coast. The posterior probability distribution of resistivity models indicates freshening of the OFG body toward the shoreline within a permeable, coarse-sand layer 40–150 m beneath the seafloor, suggesting an active connection between the OFG body and the terrestrial groundwater system. The approach demonstrates how Bayesian inversion constrains the uncertainties in resistivity models and subsequently in pore-water salinity estimates. Our findings highlight the potential of Bayesian inversion to enhance our understanding of OFG systems and provide uncertainty constraints for hydrogeological modeling, thereby contributing to sustainable water resource development. Key Points A Bayesian workflow is employed to evaluate uncertainty in pore-water salinity estimates Offshore groundwater in Canterbury Bight stores freshened pore-water in fine-grained sediments, likely extending from the onshore aquifer Correlation between pore-water salinities and seismic-derived stratigraphy provides boundary conditions for hydrogeological modeling Plain Language Summary Geophysical methods that measure the electromagnetic properties of the Earth are effective in investigating freshwater sources beneath the seafloor. By combining the geophysical and geological information, we can better assess the quality of this groundwater. In this study, we develop a workflow that uses statistical methods to integrate electromagnetic observations with borehole and acoustic measurements along the eastern coast of the South Island of New Zealand. We aim to improve our understanding of the groundwater quality beneath the seafloor. Our research confirms the presence of freshened groundwater within the sandy seafloor up to 60 km from the coastline. Importantly, our observations indicate that the groundwater quality increases toward the coast. These findings are significant as they enhance the hydrogeological modeling of the groundwater system and suggest its potential as a source of freshwater.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 89
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    PickBlue: Seismic phase picking for ocean bottom seismometers with deep learning (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Detecting phase arrivals and pinpointing the arrival times of seismic phases in seismograms is crucial for many seismological analysis workflows. For land station data, machine learning methods have already found widespread adoption. However, deep learning approaches are not yet commonly applied to ocean bottom data due to a lack of appropriate training data and models. Here, we compiled an extensive and labeled ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) data set from 15 deployments in different tectonic settings, comprising ∼90,000 P and ∼63,000 S manual picks from 13,190 events and 355 stations. We propose PickBlue, an adaptation of the two popular deep learning networks EQTransformer and PhaseNet. PickBlue joint processes three seismometer recordings in conjunction with a hydrophone component and is trained with the waveforms in the new database. The performance is enhanced by employing transfer learning, where initial weights are derived from models trained with land earthquake data. PickBlue significantly outperforms neural networks trained with land stations and models trained without hydrophone data. The model achieves a mean absolute deviation of 0.05 s for P-waves and 0.12 s for S-waves, and we apply the picker on the Hikurangi Ocean Bottom Tremor and Slow Slip OBS deployment offshore New Zealand. We integrate our data set and trained models into SeisBench to enable an easy and direct application in future deployments. Key Points We assembled a database of ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) waveforms and manual P and S picks, on which we train PickBlue, a deep learning picker Our picker significantly outperforms pickers trained with land-based data with confidence values reflecting the likelihood of outlier picks The picker and database are available in the SeisBench platform, allowing easy and direct application to OBS traces and hydrophone records
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 90
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Promoting effects of aluminum addition on chlorophyll biosynthesis and growth of two cultured iron‐limited marine diatoms (2024)
    Wiley | ASLO (Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-15
    Description: Promoting effects of aluminum addition on chlorophyll biosynthesis and growth of two cultured iron‐limited marine diatoms Linbin Zhou CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Marine Biogeochemistry Division GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Germany University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7230-4116 Fengjie Liu Marine Biogeochemistry Division GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Germany Grantham Institute—Climate Change and the Environment, Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London London UK Eric P. Achterberg Marine Biogeochemistry Division GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Germany Anja Engel Marine Biogeochemistry Division GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1042-1955 Peter G.C. Campbell Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique Centre Eau Terre Environnement Quebec Canada https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7160-4571 Claude Fortin Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique Centre Eau Terre Environnement Quebec Canada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2479-1869 Liangmin Huang CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Yehui Tan CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Abstract Aluminum (Al) may play a role in the ocean's capacity for absorbing atmospheric CO 2 via influencing carbon fixation, export, and sequestration. Aluminum fertilization, especially in iron (Fe)‐limited high‐nutrient, low‐chlorophyll ocean regions, has been proposed as a potential CO 2 removal strategy to mitigate global warming. However, how Al addition would influence the solubility and bioavailability of Fe as well as the physiology of Fe‐limited phytoplankton has not yet been examined. Here, we show that Al addition (20 and 100 nM) had little influence on the Fe solubility in surface seawater and decreased the Fe bio‐uptake by 11–22% in Fe‐limited diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii in Fe‐buffered media. On the other hand, the Al addition significantly increased the rate of chlorophyll biosynthesis by 45–60% for Fe‐limited T. weissflogii and 81–102% for Fe‐limited Thalassiosira pseudonana , as well as their cell size, cellular chlorophyll content, photosynthetic quantum efficiency ( F v / F m ) and growth rate. Under Fe‐sufficient conditions, the Al addition still led to an increased growth rate, though the beneficial effects of Al addition on chlorophyll biosynthesis were no longer apparent. These results suggest that Al may facilitate chlorophyll biosynthesis and benefit the photosynthetic efficiency and growth of Fe‐limited diatoms. We speculate that Al addition may enhance intracellular Fe use efficiency for chlorophyll biosynthesis by facilitating the superoxide‐mediated intracellular reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II). Our study provides new evidence and support for the iron–aluminum hypothesis.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 91
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Allochthonous Groundwater Microorganisms Affect Coastal Seawater Microbial Abundance, Activity and Diversity (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-15
    Description: Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a globally important process supplying nutrients and trace elements to the coastal environment, thus playing a pivotal role in sustaining marine primary productivity. Along with nutrients, groundwater also contains allochthonous microbes that are discharged from the terrestrial subsurface into the sea. Currently, little is known about the interactions between groundwater‐borne and coastal seawater microbial populations, and groundwater microbes' role upon introduction to coastal seawater populations. Here, we investigated seawater microbial abundance, activity and diversity in a site strongly influenced by SGD. In addition, through laboratory‐controlled bottle incubations, we mimicked different mixing scenarios between groundwater and seawater. Our results demonstrate that the addition of 0.1 μm filtered groundwater stimulated heterotrophic activity and increased microbial abundance compared to control coastal seawater, whereas 0.22 μm filtration treatments induced primary productivity and Synechococcus growth. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed a strong shift from a SAR11‐rich community in the control samples to Rhodobacteraceae dominance in the 〈0.1 μm treatment, in agreement with Rhodobacteraceae enrichment in the SGD field site. These results suggest that microbes delivered by SGD may affect the abundance, activity and diversity of intrinsic microbes in coastal seawater, highlighting the cryptic interplay between groundwater and seawater microbes in coastal environments, which has important implications for carbon cycling. Plain Language Summary Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is an important process where groundwater flows into the ocean along the coast. When the groundwater mixes with seawater, the microbes from both sources interact with each other, which can impact the diversity, activity, and amount of microbes in the coastal environment. Currently, little is known about how groundwater‐borne microbes affect marine microbial populations. Our research shows that when groundwater microbes are removed before mixing groundwater with seawater, the abundance and activity of certain microbes that consume organic matter significantly increase. Additionally, we noticed a significant difference in the types of microbes present between the sites where SGD occurs versus background (uninfluenced) coastal water, especially in terms of the microbes that consume organic matter. Overall, this study suggests that there is a connection between groundwater and seawater microbes, which can influence the delicate balance between organisms that produce carbon and those that consume it. This has important implications for how carbon cycles globally. Key Points Groundwater discharge into the coastal zone delivers both nutrients and allochthonous microbes Groundwater microbes interact with seawater populations, by which affecting the delicate autotroph‐heterotroph balance Subterranean microbial processes are key drivers of food webs, potentially affecting biogenic carbon fluxes in the ocean
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 92
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Mechanisms Underpinning the Net Removal Rates of Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Global Ocean (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-15
    Description: With almost 700 Pg of carbon, marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) stores more carbon than all living biomass on Earth combined. However, the controls behind the persistence and the spatial patterns of DOC concentrations on the basin scale remain largely unknown, precluding quantitative assessments of the fate of this large carbon pool in a changing climate. Net removal rates of DOC along the overturning circulation suggest lifetimes of millennia. These net removal rates are in stark contrast to the turnover times of days to weeks of heterotrophic microorganisms, which are the main consumers of organic carbon in the ocean. Here, we present a dynamic “MICrobial DOC” model (MICDOC) with an explicit representation of picoheterotrophs to test whether ecological mechanisms may lead to observed decadal to millennial net removal rates. MICDOC is in line with 〉40,000 DOC observations. Contrary to other global models, the reactivity of DOC fractions is not prescribed, but emerges from a dynamic feedback between microbes and DOC governed by carbon and macronutrient availability. A colimitation of macronutrients and organic carbon on microbial DOC uptake explains 〉70% of the global variation of DOC concentrations, and governs characteristic features of its distribution. Here, decadal to millennial net removal rates emerge from microbial processes acting on time scales of days to weeks, suggesting that the temporal variability of the marine DOC inventory may be larger than previously thought. With MICDOC, we provide a foundation for assessing global effects on DOC related to changes in heterotrophic microbial communities in a future ocean Plain Language Summary The ocean stores more carbon as dissolved organic compounds (DOC) than all animals and plants on land and the oceans combined. However, numerical models used for future climate scenarios lack an implementation of processes transforming DOC back to CO 2 by marine microorganisms. Here, we present a global dynamical ocean model that explicitly considers the processes of DOC degradation by marine microorganisms. In the present ocean, the availability of organic carbon but also nitrogen and phosphorus control the amount of carbon stored as DOC, as the lack of these nutrients inhibits its degradation by bacteria. The identification of these ecological controls allows a quantitative assessment of the fate of this large carbon reservoir in the future. The findings indicate that the marine DOC reservoir is potentially more dynamic than previously thought, since decadal to millennial scale net removal rates might be a result of microbial processes acting on shorter time scales Key Points A model to reconcile millennial‐scale bulk dissolved organic carbon degradation rates and short‐term microbial turnover times is presented Macronutrient colimitation can explain observed concentration patterns of dissolved organic carbon in the surface ocean Continuous microbial reworking suggests a higher temporal variability of the marine dissolved organic matter inventory than previously thought
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 93
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    “Seeing” Beneath the Clouds — Machine-Learning-Based Reconstruction of North African Dust Plumes (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-15
    Description: Mineral dust is one of the most abundant atmospheric aerosol species and has various far-reaching effects on the climate system and adverse impacts on air quality. Satellite observations can provide spatio-temporal information on dust emission and transport pathways. However, satellite observations of dust plumes are frequently obscured by clouds. We use a method based on established, machine-learning-based image in-painting techniques to restore the spatial extent of dust plumes for the first time. We train an artificial neural net (ANN) on modern reanalysis data paired with satellite-derived cloud masks. The trained ANN is applied to cloud-masked, gray-scaled images, which were derived from false color images indicating elevated dust plumes in bright magenta. The images were obtained from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager instrument onboard the Meteosat Second Generation satellite. We find up to 15% of summertime observations in West Africa and 10% of summertime observations in Nubia by satellite images miss dust plumes due to cloud cover. We use the new dust-plume data to demonstrate a novel approach for validating spatial patterns of the operational forecasts provided by the World Meteorological Organization Dust Regional Center in Barcelona. The comparison elucidates often similar dust plume patterns in the forecasts and the satellite-based reconstruction, but once trained, the reconstruction is computationally inexpensive. Our proposed reconstruction provides a new opportunity for validating dust aerosol transport in numerical weather models and Earth system models. It can be adapted to other aerosol species and trace gases. Key Points: - We present the first fast reconstruction of cloud-obscured Saharan dust plumes through novel machine learning applied to satellite images - The reconstruction algorithm utilizes partial convolutions to restore cloud-induced gaps in gray-scaled Meteosat Second Generation-Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager Dust RGB images - World Meteorological Organization dust forecasts for North Africa mostly agree with the satellite-based reconstruction of the dust plume extent
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 94
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Long-term culture system for deep-sea mussels Gigantidas childressi (2024)
    ASLO (Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-19
    Description: The simulation of deep-sea conditions in laboratories is technically challenging but necessary for experiments that aim at a deeper understanding of physiological mechanisms or host-symbiont interactions of deep-sea organisms. In a proof-of-concept study, we designed a recirculating system for long-term culture (〉2 yr) of deep-sea mussels Gigantidas childressi (previously Bathymodiolus childressi). Mussels were automatically (and safely) supplied with a maximum stable level of ~60 μmol L−1 methane in seawater using a novel methane–air mixing system. Experimental animals also received daily doses of live microalgae. Condition indices of cultured G. childressi remained high over the years, and low shell growth rates could be detected, too, which is indicative of positive energy budgets. Using stable isotope data, we demonstrate that G. childressi in our culture system gained energy, both, from the digestion of methane-oxidizing endosymbionts and from digesting particulate food (microalgae). Limitations of the system, as well as opportunities for future experimental approaches involving deep-sea mussels, are discussed.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 95
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the Decadal Variability of the Upper Subtropical‐Tropical Atlantic Ocean (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: In the northeastern tropical Atlantic, a region of high potential vorticity (PV) determines the size of the exchange window for the interior thermocline flow of the subtropical cell via its variations in strength and extent. Variability of this PV barrier has the potential to impact the ventilation of the tropical Atlantic on decadal timescales. Here, the impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the PV barrier related to isopycnals within the thermocline of the subtropical-tropical Atlantic Ocean is assessed from Argo observations for the time period of 2006-2022. Relative to the negative NAO phase (2009-2010), during the positive NAO phase (2014-2019), the North Atlantic subtropical high and the northeast trades are intensified. Satellite-derived wind stress curl shows increased upwelling/downwelling on the equatorward/poleward side of the trade wind zone, respectively. In the subtropical-tropical Atlantic, a symmetric pattern of isopycnal heave is observed: rising isopycnals within 20 degrees N and 20 degrees S and sinking poleward of that. With rising isopycnals, the PV barrier in the northeastern tropical Atlantic becomes stronger. Analyses of geostrophic velocities and the Sverdrup streamfunction show that during the positive NAO phase there are increased equatorward velocities at thermocline level along the western boundary and reduced velocities through the interior as a result of intensified northeast trades and therefore a strengthened PV barrier. Intensified trades lead to enhanced subduction of thermocline waters and, independent of that, to a strengthened Equatorial Undercurrent transport as observed at the mooring site at 0 degrees, 23 degrees W, likely via the pulling effect of the subtropical cells. In the North Atlantic Ocean, subducted water from the subtropics has two possible pathways within the thermocline toward the equatorial region: the interior pathway and the pathway along the western boundary. The size of the exchange window between subtropics and tropics depends on the extent of a barrier zone in the eastern part of the basin that is associated with wind-driven upwelling of density surfaces. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is the dominant atmospheric climate mode in the North Atlantic and in this study, we show how the NAO impacts the barrier for the equatorward thermocline flow in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. During positive NAO phases (e.g., 2014-2019), density surfaces become shallower and strengthen the barrier, while during negative NAO phases (e.g., 2009-2010) the barrier weakens. Geostrophic velocity analysis reveals that during positive NAO phases more thermocline water is transported equatorward via the western boundary and less via the interior pathway. Additionally, observations from a mooring site at 0 degrees, 23 degrees W show stronger Equatorial Undercurrent transport as a result of intensified trade winds during positive NAO phases. Trade winds in the northeastern tropical Atlantic strengthen during positive phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO+) Potential vorticity barrier for the interior equatorward thermocline flow of the North Atlantic Subtropical Cell strengthens during NAO+ Annual subduction of thermocline water and Equatorial Undercurrent transport increase simultaneously from 2008 to 2018
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 96
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Positive Obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-17
    Description: This book identifies and explains the key analytical issues (state knowledge, causation, and reasonableness) that need to be considered in determining whether a State is responsible under the European Convention on Human Rights for omissions. In addition to this technical analytical question, the book also reflects upon what is at stake for the political community when the triggering, the content, and the scope of positive human rights obligations are determined. A central question is then how the search for a balance between intrusion and restraint by the State, between protection and freedom from invasion, defines this community and pulls the analysis of state responsibility for omissions in different directions. Designed to become the main reference source concerning ECHR positive obligations, this book makes four main contributions. First, it covers an important gap by isolating and studying the separate analytical elements (state knowledge, causation, and reasonableness) underlying state responsibility for failure to fulfil positive obligations. It explains the structure of review, the analytical steps taken to ascertain state responsibility for omissions. Secondly, the book offers a serious appreciation of the dangers associated with positive obligations whose scope might be too expansive or content too intrusive. Thirdly, it explains the different types of positive obligations. Fourthly, it offers the first examination of the conceptual hurdles if positive obligations under the ECHR were to be applied extraterritorially.
    Keywords: ECHR, ECtHR, human rights, positive obligations, omissions, state responsibility, extraterritorial obligations, reasonableness, causation, jurisdiction ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law::LBBR International human rights law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law::LBBV Responsibility of states & other entities ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LB International law::LBH Settlement of international disputes::LBHG International courts & procedures
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 97
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Business Ethics (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Business ethics continues to gain importance in the curricula of business studies courses. This book provides a comprehensive overview of both the essential concepts of business ethics related to the economy as a whole, and the more narrowly understood corporate ethics related to the individual company. In contrast to other works on the same topic, special emphasis is placed on a coherent theoretical foundation that puts tools of economic analysis, including behavioral economics, at the center. In particular, the importance of both empirical research and dilemma structures for business ethics receives special attention. The largest chapter of the book is devoted to corporate ethics and provides students and academics with guidance in the theoretical classification of the variety of concepts that often coexist in the debate. Abstract concepts are illustrated with the help of practice boxes.
    Keywords: corporate ethics, corporate social responsibility, corporate citizenship, prisoner’s dilemma, company scandals, globalization, human rights, poverty, sustainability, bounded ethicality ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJG Business ethics and social responsibility ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCA Economic theory and philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJJ Business and the environment; ‘green’ approaches to business
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 98
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Concept of Democracy (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: If we don’t know what the words “democracy” and “democratic” mean, then we don’t know what democracy is. This book defends a radical view: these words mean nothing and should be abandoned. The argument for abolitionism is simple: those terms are defective and we can easily do better, so let’s get rid of them. According to the abolitionist, the switch to alternative devices would be a significant communicative, cognitive, and political advance. The first part of the book presents a general theory of abandonment: the conditions under which language should be abandoned. The rest of the book applies this general theory to the case of “democracy” and “democratic”. The book shows that “democracy” and “democratic” are semantically, pragmatically, and communicatively defective. Abolitionism is not all gloom and doom. It also contains a message of good cheer: we have easy access to conceptual devices that are more effective than “democracy”. We can do better. These alternative linguistic devices will enable us to ask better questions, provide genuinely fruitful answers, and have more rational discussions. Moreover, those questions and answers better articulate the communicative and cognitive aims of those who use empty terms such as “democracy” and “democratic”.
    Keywords: conceptual engineering, conceptual abandonment, democracy, democratic, communication, verbal disputes, abolitionism ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFA Philosophy of language ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 99
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Data Sovereignty (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Digital sovereignty—the exercise of control over the Internet—is the ambition of the world’s leaders, from Australia to Zimbabwe, a bulwark against both foreign state and foreign corporation. Governments have resoundingly answered first-generation Internet law questions of who if anyone should regulate the Internet—they all will. The second-generation question to confront is not whether, but how to regulate the Internet. This volume features new theoretical perspectives on digital sovereignty and explores cutting-edge issues associated with it. Drawing mainly on various theories concerning political economy, international law, human rights, and data protection, it presents thought-provoking ideas about the nature and scope of digital sovereignty. It also examines the extent to which new technological developments in sectors, such as artificial intelligence, e-commerce, and sharing economy, have posed challenges to assertion of digital sovereignty, and considers how to deal with such challenges. In particular, the volume discusses the promise and pitfalls of digital sovereignty in the process of trade liberalization, data localization, and human rights protection.
    Keywords: sovereignty, digital technology, data flow, data localization, human rights ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 100
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Public Policy to Reduce Inequalities across Europe (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: There is a broad consensus across European states and the EU that social and economic inequality is a problem that needs to be addressed. Yet inequality policy is notoriously complex and contested. This book approaches the issue from two linked perspectives. First, a focus on functional requirements highlights what policymakers think they need to deliver policy successfully, and the gap between their requirements and reality. We identify this gap in relation to the theory and practice of policy learning, and to multiple sectors, to show how it manifests in health, education, and gender equity policies. Second, a focus on territorial politics highlights how the problem is interpreted at different scales, subject to competing demands to take responsibility. This contestation and spread of responsibilities contributes to different policy approaches across spatial scales. We conclude that governments promote many separate equity initiatives, across territories and sectors, without knowing if they are complementary or contradictory. This outcome could reflect the fact that ambiguous policy problems and complex policymaking processes are beyond the full knowledge or control of governments. It could also be part of a strategy to make a rhetorically radical case while knowing that they will translate into safer policies. It allows them to replace debates on values, regarding whose definition of equity matters and which inequalities to tolerate, with more technical discussions of policy processes. Governments may be offering new perspectives on spatial justice or new ways to reduce political attention to inequalities.
    Keywords: inequalities, education equity, gender equality, spatial justice, territorial cohesion, multi-level policymaking, multi-sectoral policymaking, health in all policies, rescaling ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPP Public administration
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...