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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This work focuses on the distribution of atomic hydrogen in the exosphere of Saturns̉ moon Titan. This work is based on measurements performed by the Hydrogen Deuterium Absorption Cell (HDAC) aboard the Cassini spacecraft, that should directly determine the D/H ratio from the UV emission of atomic hydrogen and deuterium at 121.567 and 121.533 nm, respectively. HDAC measurements were performed on December 26, 2005 during the ninth Titan flyby of the Cassini orbiter. Unfortunately the amount of deuterium in the absorption cell could not be determined. Thus, the purpose, HDAC was designed for could not be achieved. For this reason, HDAC has performed measurements only once. However, the amount of atomic hydrogen in the absorption cell is well known, hence the data using only the hydrogen cell can be used in order to investigate Titans̉ exosphere. This work aims at simulating the HDAC measurements performed in order to investigate Titan’s exosphere, e.g. to determine the distribution of atomic hydrogen. A model of Titan’s exosphere including atomic hydrogen and methane has been developed and the transfer of solar radiation is calculated in order to simulate the HDAC measurements. The radiative transfer is solved using the Monte Carlo method. For the exospheric model, two different atomic hydrogen density distributions were applied, which determine the distribution in the exosphere by different approaches. Density profiles calculated by both models mainly differ in the lower exosphere ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; TGG 655 ; Saturnmonde {Astronomie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 171 S.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This thesis discusses dust formation in binary systems, in particular for binary systems consisting of a Mira like star and a brown dwarf. A Mira-like star is an intermediate mass star in a late stage of their stellar evolution on the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB), and a brown dwarf, is a sub-stellar object with a mass below that necessary to maintain hydrogen-burning nuclear fusion reactions in their cores. In their radial pulsating elevated convective atmospheres, Mira-stars often develop strong stellar winds, which are driven by radiation pressure on the dust and lead to a substantial mass-loss of the star. Stellar winds are of central importance for the development of medium-heavy-AGB stars. Also, they are a reliable source for the production of dust particles and heavy elements for the interstellar medium and the chemical evolution of galaxies. In fact, most stars are in binary or multiple star systems.For a complete description of the processes of dust formation in binary star systems it is necessary to study the perturbative influence of a second star in the vicinity of a AGB-star with a strong stellar wind. This endeavour is embedded in a long standing tradition of scientific investigation of dust formation at the Zentrum für Astronomie und Astrophysik (ZAA) at the Technical University of Berlin...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; THT 900 ; TII 900 ; Doppelsterne {Astronomie} ; Interstellarer Staub {Astronomie: Interstellare Materie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The first extrasolar planet 51 Peg b around the G-type star has been reported in 1995. The planet with few Jupiter masses orbiting its star very closely was detected by measurement of the oscillation in the radial velocity of the host star. In 1999 the first transit, when the planet is eclipsing the host star, of the extrasolar planet HD209458 b was observed with a small ground based photometric telescope. Ever since, new planets in distant systems are continuously being detected with new high precision instruments from the ground and from space. The department of Extrasolar Planets and Atmospheres at Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Berlin (DLR) is involved in the detection and characterization of extrasolar planets, through participation in the CoRoT space mission. Furthermore, two ground based photometric telescope systems are operated as a ground based support for the space mission CoRoT, dedicated to asteroseismology and to extrasolar planet search with the help of the transit method. The BEST project consists of two small aperture wide field-of-view photometric telescopes devoted to the search for transiting Jupiter-sized extrasolar planets and to the characterization of variable stars in CoRoT target fields...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; THX 100 ; TJ 900 ; TCE 220 ; Detektionsmethoden {Astronomie: Extrasolare Planetensysteme} ; Einzelne Weltraumprojekte ; Bodenständige UV-, Optische und Infrarotteleskope {Astronomische Instrumente}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Das Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA) ist ein Cherenkov Detektor, der sich im Gletscher der Antarktis am Südpol befindet. Wir präsentieren die Analyse von Daten, die in den Jahren 2000 bis 2004 gesammelt wurden, die einer effektiven Detektorlaufzeit von 1001 Tagen entsprechen. Die Suche zielt auf den Nachweis von elektomagnetische und hadronische Teilchenschauern, so gennante Kaskaden, die durch Elektron- und Tauneutrinowechselwirkung produziert werden können. Die hadronischen Kaskaden können auch über neutrale Ströme Wechselwirkung von Neutrinos aller Arten produziert werden. Der Kaskadenkanal hat einige Vorteile in der Suche nach einem diffusen Fluss von astrophysikalischen Neutrinos. Durch die gute Energieauflösung des AMANDA Detektors kann man zwischen einem harten astrophysikalische Spektrum und einem weichen atmosphärischen Spektrum unterscheiden. Außerdem ist der atmosphärischen Elektronneutrinos Fluss um eine Gößenordnung kleiner als der atmosphärische Myonneutrinofluss. Der Untergrund von atmosphärischem Myonen aus Luftschauern kann unterdrückt werden, weil diese als Spuren im Detektor erscheinen und leicht zu identifizieren sind...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 539.7215 ; 523 ; 550 ; TBN 000 ; TCE 500 ; Neutrino-Astronomie ; Sonstige Instrumente {Astronomische Instrumente}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 5
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    Unknown
    Univ. Berlin
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Magnetic cataclysmic variables, also called AM Her stars or 'polars', are close binaries with mass transfer (accretion), consisting of a late-type main-sequence star (commonly called secondary)and a more massive white dwarf with a strong magnetic field. The late-type star is losing mass to the white dwarf. The overflowing matter firstly follows a ballistic trajectory and is then captured by the magnetic field of the white dwarf and guided along the field lines onto the white dwarf. The released gravitational energy is radiated away in all wavelength ranges from infra-red to X-ray. The observed light of an AM Her system is composed of the contributions from the stellar components and the contributions of the accretion column and the accretion region on the white dwarf. The last two components are not only depending on the actual mass transfer rate but also from the spatial orientation of the magnetic field. Since the white dwarf is locked in synchronous rotation, this leads to emission that varies with orbital phase. The decomposition of the observed light from an AM Her system makes it possible to analyse the different components within this system...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; THK 000 ; Spektren und Spektroskopie von Sternen {Astronomie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 140 S.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The subject of this work is the physical characterization of asteroids, with an emphasis on the thermal inertia of near-Earth asteroids (NEAs). Thermal inertia governs the Yarkovsky effect, a non-gravitational force which significantly alters the orbits of asteroids up to ~20 km in diameter. Yarkovsky-induced drift is important in the assessment of the impact hazard which NEAs pose to Earth. Yet, very little has previously been known about the thermal inertia of small asteroids including NEAs.Observational and theoretical work is reported. The thermal emission of asteroids has been observed in the mid-infrared (5-35 æm) wavelength range using the Spitzer Space Telescope and the 3.0 m NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, IRTF; techniques have been established to perform IRTF observations remotely from Berlin. A detailed thermophysical model (TPM) has been developed and extensively tested; this is the first detailed TPM shown to be applicable to NEA data.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; 550 ; TGG 900 ; Planetoide {Astronomie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; 550 ; TH0 000 ; THP 000 ; THT 600 ; Asteroseismologie, Oszillation {Sterne} ; Thermodynamische Vorgänge in Sternen {Astronomie} ; Riesensterne {Astronomie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 135 S.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In dieser Doktorarbeit wurden im Rahmen des MAGIC Experimentes neue Datenanalysemethoden implementiert, die sich insbesondere fuer die Analyse von Ereignissen niedriger Gammastrahlungsenergie eignen. Die Methoden konnten erfolgreich in Monte Carlo Studien getestet und auf Beobachtungsdaten des Krebsnebels und der extragalaktischen Gammastrahlungsquelle PG1553+113 angewandt werden. Diese Methoden reichen von ''image cleaning'' Techniken und der Nutzung neuer Bildparameter bis zu fortgeschrittenen g/h-Separations- und Energieabschaetzungsverfahren. Zum ersten Mal wurden die Vorteile von Klassifikations- und Regressionsbaeumen in der Gamma-Astrophysik ausgenutzt, um existierende klassische Methoden zu verbessern. Die Analyse - getestet an Monte Carlo Daten - bewies ihre Zuverlaessigkeit bei der Untersuchung der Gammastrahlungsemission des Krebsnebels, wobei ein hochsignifikanter Exzess im Energiebereich unterhalb 100 GeV in nur 1.7 h nachgewiesen werden konnte. Die Analyse von Daten des BL Lac Objekts PG1553+113 ergab signifikante Exzesse fuer Beobachtungen in den Jahren 2005 und 2006. Das kombinierte alpha-Histogramm zeigt ein Signal mit einer Signifikanz, die 8 sigma ueberschreitet...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; TBK 000 ; THT 200 ; Hochenergieastronomie ; Sterne einzelner Spektralklassen {Astronomie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 195 S.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; THP 000 ; Thermodynamische Vorgänge in Sternen {Astronomie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 76 S.
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  • 10
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    Univ. Berlin
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Comets belong to the most pristine objects in the Solar System. The study of comets therefore allows one to put constraints to the physical and chemical conditions in the pre-planetary disc. In this work, a one-dimensional simplified multi-fluid model for the analysis of the chemistry in cometary comae was constructed. This model was used for the study of the formation of the C3 and C2 radicals. For this purpose, radial profiles of the optical emissions of C3 and C2 in comets C/2001 Q4 NEAT, C/2002 T7 LINEAR, and 9P/Tempel 1 at heliocentric distances between 1.0 AU and 1.5 AU were analysed. These profiles were obtained by means of long-slit spectroscopy. A reaction network for the formation of C3 and C2 at larger heliocentric distances (Helbert 2002) was updated and extended. Molecules and radicals were identified for which photodissociation reaction rates have to be further constrained before the formation of C3 and C2 can be understood. As comets of special interest, the comets 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and 9P/Tempel 1 were studied in more detail. Both comets are targets of space missions...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; TGL 200 ; Kometen {Astronomie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 227 S.
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  • 11
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    Univ. Berlin
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: AM Herculis stars (or 'polars') are close binaries consisting of a white dwarf with a strong magnetic field and a main sequence star (the 'secondary') which is losing mass to the white dwarf. The magnetic field channels the matter to the magnetic poles, where the released potential energy is radiated away - mainly in X-rays and the UV. The spatial structure of these objects cannot be observed directly, because their apparent size is too small. Indirect imaging methods are capable of restoring information which is only contained in observational data as projections onto a sub-space. These tomographic methods are known from medicine, but can also be applied to astronomical data, when a number of measurements can be regarded as views of the same object under different aspect angles. In this work tomographic methods are applied to time-resolved spectroscopic data of polars. Spectral lines seen in the radiation emitted by the constituents of these systems are notably Doppler-shifted. The Doppler-shift is depending on the viewing angle of the system ('inclination') and is varying with orbital phase. Time-series of one-dimensional data (spectra) can be used to create a two-dimensional map of the intensity distribution in velocity-space (Doppler-tomography), or a map of the line-flux on the assumed surface of the mass-losing star (Roche-tomography) from the line profile changes ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; THT 900 ; THU 155 ; Doppelsterne {Astronomie} ; Eruptionsveränderliche {Astronomie: Sterne}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 124 S.
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The aim of this thesis is to obtain as much information as possible, about global solutions of the Cauchy problem for the Einstein-Vlasov-scalar field system with spherical, plane and hyberbolic symmetries written in areal coordinates. The sources of this system are generated by both a distribution function and a linear scalar field subject to the Vlasov and wave equations respectively. This system describes the evolution of self-gravitating collisionless matter and scalar waves within the context of general relativity. We consider the cosmological case. That is spacetimes possess a compact Cauchy hypersurface and then, data are given on a compact 3-manifold. We extend the local-in-time results obtained by G. Rein for the Einstein-Vlasov system with collisionless matter alone. This extension concerns pointwise estimates for hyperbolic equations by the method of characteristics. This means that the system is transformed to a system of ordinary differential equations which are integrated along characteristics ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; TFA 000 ; Relativistische Astrophysik, Gravitation
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 85 S.
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VBQ 900 ; VBQ 800 ; VEO 170 ; Hydrogeologie einzelner Regionen ; Aquifere {Hydrogeologie} ; Sudan {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 133 S.
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 549 ; VHB 850 ; VGF 200 ; Kettensilikate {Mineralogie} ; Phasengleichgewichte und Umbildungen {Mineralogie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.5 ; 550 ; TUA 700 ; TVH 300 ; Verfahren zur Untersuchung der freien Atmosphäre {Meteorologie} ; Lufttemperatur {Meteorologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 153 S.
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Durch den Prozess der Urbanisierung verändert die Menschheit die Erdoberfläche in großem Ausmaß und auf unwiederbringliche Weise. Die optische Fernerkundung ist eine Art der Erdbeobachtung, die das Verständnis dieses dynamischen Prozesses und seiner Auswirkungen erweitern kann. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, inwiefern hyperspektrale Daten Informationen über Versiegelung liefern können, die der integrierten Analyse urbaner Mensch-Umwelt-Beziehungen dienen. Hierzu wird die Verarbeitungskette von Vorverarbeitung der Rohdaten bis zur Erstellung referenzierter Karten zu Landbedeckung und Versiegelung am Beispiel von Hyperspectral Mapper Daten von Berlin ganzheitlich untersucht. Die traditionelle Verarbeitungskette wird mehrmals erweitert bzw. abgewandelt. So wird die radiometrische Vorverarbeitung um die Normalisierung von Helligkeitsgradienten erweitert, welche durch die direktionellen Reflexionseigenschaften urbaner Oberflächen entstehen. Die Klassifikation in fünf spektral komplexe Landnutzungsklassen wird mit Support Vector Maschinen ohne zusätzliche Merkmalsextraktion oder Differenzierung von Subklassen durchgeführt...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 550.28 ; 622.159 ; 550 ; TQH 000 ; Aerogeophysik
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 276 S.
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; 550 ; TOD 400 ; TOE 000 ; TSB 000 ; Erdmantel {Geophysik} ; Physikalisches Verhalten der Erde {Geophysik} ; Mitteleuropa {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 147 S.
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The search for extrasolar planets is a relatively new field in astronomical and astrophysical sciences that was boosted by the first discovery of the exoplanet 51 Peg b in 1995 by radial velocity measurements. The short orbital period of 4.2 days determined for this giant exoplanet encouraged the accelerated development of another search method due to the high probability that such a Hot Jupiter planet would cross its host star in the line of sight yielding a photometrically detectable signal during this crossing. This transit method (also known as the occultation or eclipse method) measures such a darkening signal as an evidence for an orbiting planet allowing the determination of the radius of the planet. Combined with the information obtained with radial velocity measurements the mass and the density of the planet can be calculated. This unique opportunity to study detailed physical properties of exoplanets is advantageous compared to planets proven only by other search methods. In this thesis the establishing of the new ground-based transit survey Berlin Exoplanet Search Telescope (BEST) is described. This system consists of a 20cm Schmidt telescope and a CCD camera covering a field of view (FOV) of 3.1ʿ x 3.1ʿ. The set-up and the successful implementation of the BEST system are described in this work. Furthermore the developed strategies for the photometric observations, the calibration and analysis of the data, follow-up observations and their optimization are commented. During the 2-year observational campaign (2001-2003) from the Thüringer Landessternwarte (TLS) Tautenburg, Germany, three target fields were observed for 90 nights ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; THX 100 ; Detektionsmethoden {Astronomie: Extrasolare Planetensysteme}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 269 S.
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Optical counterparts of X-ray selected sources to a large part consist of active galactic nuclei (AGN). A large proportion of these counterparts turns out to be optically variable, and because the timescales and manner of this variability can give important clues regarding the physical nature and structure of the counterparts, searching for variable AGN is a worthwhile undertaking. In order to perform such an optical variability survey, a subset of 167 X-ray sources in an area around the NEP was selected in this work from the X-ray catalogues derived from the ROSAT all-sky survey (RASS). Contemporaneous optical observations were available from a collaboration with the Karl-Schwarzschildt observatory (KSO) Tautenburg. A total of 89 plates were analyzed, covering an area of 35 degrees square around the NEP and spanning a timebase of 30 month ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; TBK 000 ; TC 200 ; Hochenergieastronomie ; Astronomische Beobachtungen vom Weltraum aus
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 283 S.
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  • 20
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    Unknown
    Univ. Berlin
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 850 ; VAE 400 ; VDE 000 ; VEO 170 ; Festländische Lineamente {Geologie} ; Tektogenese {Geologie} ; Proterozoikum ; Sudan {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: To understand processes and dynamics linked to the volumetric water content of soils thorough knowledge of the water distribution inside soils is required. The applicability of the georadar technique for small scale soil heterogeneity mapping and monitoring is investigated using four different methods. Since the uppermost meter of the soil lacks a sufficient amount of spacious reflectors no standard georadar methods can supply adequate coverage of the investigated area under field conditions. Therefore four methods were evaluated to present an assortment of the most promising methods for different case specific problems. Owing to the averaging nature of the georadar technique the introduced methods needed to be adapted to small scale investigations. Based on numerical simulations and concise measurements new processing procedures are applied to achieve the required spatial resolution of less than 0.3 m. All four methods were successfully applied during realistic field measurement conditions. The transmission method is applied to a soil column experiment filled with undisturbed natural soil. In the course of an irrigation experiment the infiltration of the water front as well as the water dynamics afterwards were reproduced. The application of georadar transmission tomography provided spatial allocatable water content distributions over the time of the water seepage with spatial accuracies of approximately 0.1 m and a temporal resolution of approximately 30 min...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.48 ; 550.28 ; 550 ; TQD 800 ; Georadar {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 146 S.
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  • 22
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Univ. Berlin
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 550.28 ; 550 ; VBH 000 ; VBH 000 ; Fernerkundung
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.701 ; 549 ; VBN 200 ; VHC 200 ; VBN 200 ; VHC 200 ; Radiometrische Altersbestimmung ; Schwerminerale
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 910 ; QBD 700 ; QER 800 ; QBD 700 ; QER 800 ; Geoinformationssysteme {Geographie} ; Verkehrsgeographie {Wirtschaftsgeographie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 131 S.
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