ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Springer  (44,622)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (4,046)
  • 1980-1984  (48,668)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1982  (48,668)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Chez les Guêpes et les Frelons, les cellules sont hexagonales lorsqu'elles sont situées dans les zones centrales du rayon. Les cellules périphériques, comme toutes les cellules au début de leur construction, ont des parois arrondies plutôt que angulaires. La transformation d'une cellule en forme de gobelet, à parois arrondies, en une cellule hexagonale avec un angle de 120° entre les parois est partiellement due à des processus de transformation des parois cellulaires existantes au moment où de nouvelles parois leur sont attachées depuis le côté extérieur. Le développement de la construction des cellules initiales aboutit à 6 parois dans les rayons construits autour d'une seule cellule centrale ou à 5,5 parois lorsqui'il y a 2 cellules centrales contiguës. Cependant, dans les constructions ultérieures, ce type d'évolution des parois diminue graduellement à mesure que de nouveaux anneaux de cellules sont ajoutés, pour atteindre une valeur moyenne de 3 nouvelles parois par cellule, indépendamment du fait que le rayon s'est construit autour d'une ou de deux cellules centrales. Les résultats présentés dans cet article sur l'utilisation plus efficiente des parois dans les rayons plus grands apportent une confirmation du caractère économique de l'utilisation des matériaux dans la construction du rayon par les Vespinæ.
    Notes: Summary The individual cell in the hornet or wasp comb is hexagonal in cross-section when it is one of the inner “ring” of cells. On the other hand, peripheral cells, like all cells built initially, have rounded rather than angled walls. This transformation from a goblet-shaped cell with rounded walls to an hexagonally-walled cell with an angle of 120° between each two walls is partly acheived by additional processing of the existing cell walls as new walls (between old and new cells) are accreted onto them from the outside. The comb cells are essentially hexagonal so that the “expenditure” in the building of the initial cell(s) is either 6 walls (in combs built around a single central cell) or 5.5 walls (where there are two abutting, central cells). With subsequent building, however, this “wall expenditure” diminishes gradually as more rings of cells are laid down, approaching an average value of 3 new walls per cell regardless of whether the comb is built around one or rather two central cells. Presented data on more efficient wall utilization in the larger combs offer further confirmation of the frugality of comb construction by Vespinæ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 44-66 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The typical outdoor workers of red wood ants (Formica polyctena Förster) leave the nest spontaneously, even in satiated and undisturbed colonies. It is supposed that their task is not only foraging, but also to occupy a territory. After an one-day withdrawal of sugared water, the number of typical outdoor workers staying outside the nest increases, and additional outdoor workers which normally do not leave the nest in satiated colonies take part in foraging. On the average, these worker ants are younger than typical outdoor workers. Information about the degree of hunger in an ant colony is, at least partly, transferred by means of a pheromone which acts on satiated worker ants, too. After one-day's withdrawal of sugared water, ant colonies react to offering of 1-molar sugared water with an increase in the number of ants leaving the nest. Satiated colonies do not react, nor do hungry colonies to 0,1-molar sugared water or, except slightly, to the liquid from crushed insects. Apparently the recruited ants do not differ from the additional outdoor workers characterized above. The ants are at least partly recruited by means of a pheromone, which acts independently of whether they are hungry or satiated. The contents of Dufour's gland or their main component, n-undecane, cause the worker ants to leave the nest in the same way as does the odor from an alarmed nest. Ant colonies also react with a food alarm to the offering of prey, over a distance of approximately 10 m between nest and feeding place. Since the ants usually leave the feeding place only after a long period of fighting (1–2 h) and do not return to it, the reaction of a colony to prey starts later and is weaker than the reaction to sugared water. Therefore, this behaviour is appropriate not to the capture of single prey insects, but to the utilisation of accumulations of prey.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die typischen Außendiensttiere der roten Waldameisen (Formica polyctena Förster) verlassen das Nest spontan, auch bei gesättigten und ungestörten Völkern. Vermutlich haben sie nicht nur die Aufgabe, Nahrung zu sammeln, sondern auch, das Nestterritorium zu besetzen. Nach einem eintägigen Entzug von Zuckerwasser steigt die Anzahl der typischen Außendiensttiere, die sich jeweils außerhalb des Nestes aufhalten, und es beteiligen sich zusätzliche Außendiensttiere am Nahrungseintrag, die bei gesättigten Völkern das Nest nicht verlassen. Diese sind im Durchschnitt jünger als die typischen Außendiensttiere. Die Information über den Hungerzustand in einem Ameisenvolk wird zumindest teilweise durch ein Pheromon übertragen, das auch auf gesättigte Arbeiterinnen wirkt. Nach einem eintägigen Entzug von Zuckerwasser reagieren Ameisenvölker auf das Angebot einer 1 molaren Zuckerlösung mit einer Steigerung in der Anzhal der auslaufenden Arbeiterinnen. Gesättigte Völker reagieren nicht, und auch hungrige Völker reagieren nicht auf 0,1 molare Zuckerlösung und nur wenig auf Flüssigkeit aus zerquetschten Insekten. Die rekrutierten Arbeiterinnen unterscheiden sich anscheinend nicht von den oben charakterisierten zusätzlichen Außendiensttieren. Die Ameisen werden zumindest teilweise mit Hilfe eines Pheromons rekrutiert, das unabhängig davon wirkt, ob sie gesättigt oder hungrig sind. Der Inhalt von Dufourdrüsen oder seine Hauptkomponente, n-Undecan, bewirken eine ebensolche Auslaufsteigerung der Arbeiterinnen wie Duftstoffe aus einem alarmierten Volk. Ameisenvölker reagieren auch auf das Angebot von Beute mit einem Nahrungsalarm, und zwar über eine Entfernung von etwa 10 m zwischen Nest und Futterplatz. Da die Arbeiterinnen den Futterplatz meistens erst nach längerem Kampf (1–2 h) verlassen und nicht zu ihm zurückkehren, beginnt ein Nahrungsalarm zu Beute später und ist schwächer ausgeprägt als ein Nahrungsalarm zu Zuckerwasser. Deshalb ist dieses Verhalten nicht dazu geeignet, einzelne Beuteinsekten zu überwältigen, sondern dazu, Ansammlungen von Beutetieren zu nutzen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 15-24 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume L'organisation sociale chez lesDictyna et lesMallos comprend des espèces solitaires, des espèces qui vivent en groupes et gardent des territoires (grégaires, territoriales), et une espèce vivant en groupe (Mallos gregalis) qui ne conserve pas de territoires (grégaire, non-territoriale). L'interattraction par l'intermédiaire de la soie existe chezM. gregalis et chez une espèce grégaire, territoriale (Dictyna calcurata); mais elle ne semble pas exister chez une autre espèce grégaire, territoriale (M. trivittatus) ni chez une espèce solitaire (M. niveus). Les femelles adultes deM. gregalis ont été repoussées par la soie d'autres espèces de dictynides. Toutes les espèces qui ont été testées ont été repoussées par la soie de l'araignée aranéideAraneus diadematus.
    Notes: Summary Social organization withinDictyna andMallos includes solitary species, species that live in groups and maintain territories (communal, territorial), and a group-living species (Mallos gregalis) that does not maintain territories (communal, non-territorial). Silk-mediated interattraction occurs inM. gregalis and in a communal, territorial species (Dictyna calcurata); but it does not seem to occur in another communal, territorial species (M. trivittatus), nor in a solitary species (M. niveus). Adult females ofM. gregalis were repelled by the silk of other dictynid species. All spiders that were tested were repelled by the silk of an araneid spider (Araneus diadematus).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 86-94 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Dans le développement des ovarioles des ouvrières deFormica sanguinea, on peut distinguer huit phases qui correspondent à celles de la fourmi rousseFormica polyctena (Otto, 1958). Ces phases constituent un cycle bien défini chez des ouvrières dont l'âge est connu précisément: les tubes indifférenciés des jeunes individus montrent un nombre croissant de chambres gonflées, le maximum étant atteint vers la quatrième semaine. Une dégénération assez rapide se manifeste peu après, de sorte que la plupart des ovarioles apparaissent comme des tubes vides contenant encore quelques corps jaunes. Chez les ouvrières âgées de plus d'une année et demie, on trouve des ovarioles à des phases différentes, d'après la situation physiologique de l'ouvrière dans le nid: les fourrageuses ont toujours des ovarioles complètement dégénérées tandis que les ouvrières hivernantes peuvent posséder des ovarioles dans une phase de régression moins avançée. Le nombre d'ovarioles paraît lié à la taille: les petites ouvrières ont en moyenne deux ovarioles de chaque côté, les plus grandes de trois à cinq.
    Notes: Summary As in the red wood antFormica polyctena (Otto, 1958) the ovariole development inFormica sanguinea workers consists of eight stages well defined in time. This is revealed by investigations on workers of well known age. The undifferentiated tubes in young workers develop more and more into protuberant chambers, reaching a maximum growth around the fourth week. They then regress rather rapidly and after five weeks most ovarioles look like empty tubes containing some yellow bodies. Ovarioles of workers older than one year and a half, however, can be in various stages according to their physiological condition in the nest: foraging workers always have fully degenerated ovarioles, while the hibernating individuals still can have ovarioles in an early regression stage. The number of ovarioles seems to be related to body length: small individuals have on the average two ovarioles on each side, larger ones three to five.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 118-123 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Les ouvrières et les mâles deScaptotrigona postica éclosent de cellules morphologiquement identiques. Habituellement, chaque cellule ne contient qu'une seule abeille. Cependant, nos observations montrent que quelques cellules, dispersées sur le rayon à couvain, contiennent plusieurs œufs. Etant donné que les œufs supplémentaires donnent des mâles, ils ont probablement été pondus par des ouvrières nourrices, après la ponte de la reine. Bien qu'il n'y ait pas de différence morphologique entre cellules de mâles et cellules d'ouvrières, elles contiennent une quantité de nourriture significativement différente. Les mâles sont élevés dans des cellules qui contiennent moins de nourriture que celles où sont élevées les ouvrières: la différence est significative au niveau de 1 %. Ceci conduit à penser que l'ouvrière pourrait reconnaître la cellule avant de pondre et que cette reconnaissance se ferait à partir de la quantité de nourriture contenue dans la cellule.
    Notes: Summary Workers and males of the stingless beeScaptotrigona postica emerge from morphologically similar cells. Normally only one bee is reared in each brood cell, but we found that some of the cells, interspersed throughout the brood comb, contained more than one egg. Because these additional eggs produced adult males, they were probably laid by nurse bees (workers) after the queen had oviposited in the cells concerned. Although there is no morphological difference between male and worker cells a significant difference was found in the amount of food inside them. The cell where the male is reared shows less food than the worker cell, difference that is statistically significant at 1% level. This fact suggests that: the worker might recognise the cell before oviposition and that this recognition is based on the difference of food quantity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 164-174 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume ChezLasius sakagamii, le taux de reproduction est en relation avec la densité des reines dans chaque nid. Dans les nids à forte densité de reines, le développement des ovaires et le taux de ponte de chaque reine sont plus faibles que dans les autres nids, alors que le nombre des œufs dans chaque nid est plus élevé. En général, dans les nids à très forte densité de reines (plus du 25 reines par mètre carré de nid) ou avec des faibles rapports ouvrières/reine (moins de 5 000 ouvrières pour une reine), aucune reine ailée n'est produite. C'est aussi le cas des nids où les rapports larves/ouvrière sont élevés (plus de 5 larves par ouvrière). D'autre part, la production des ouvrières et des mâles est plus grande dans les nids à forte densité de reines que dans ceux où la densité de celle-ci est faible.
    Notes: Summary The reproduction rate ofL. sakagamii is related to the queen density in each nest. In nests with higher queen densities, the ovarian development and the egg-laying rate of each queen is lower, though the number of eggs produced per nest is larger. In general, in nests with very high queen densities (more than about 25 queens per square meter of nest) or low worker/queen ratios (less than about 5,000 workers per queen), no alate queens are produced. Further, nests with high larva/worker ratios (more than about 5 larvae per worker) also produce no alate queens. On the other hand, the production of workers and males is larger in nests with high queen densities than in those with low queen densities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In the antCataglyphis cursor, the parthenogenetic reproductive eggs laid by workers are bigger than the mated queens' ones. Laboratory studies about the evolution of the egg length were carried out in colonies with and without a queen. An attempt was made to estimate the number of eggs produced by each type of society. In societies with a queen, workers remain unproductive and the queen's laying is about one thousand eggs in a season; new queens and males can be yielded but many new workers are brought up. In queenless societies, workers lay a lot of eggs, breed young queens foremost, sometimes males and fewer new workers. There as no biased eggs; the nurse's physiological state sets the female larvæ toward queens or workers. In the normal turnover, the alates are born from eggs of the early season, which are the biggest ones. But small sized late eggs can also evolve into queens if the larvæ are bred by workers whose ovaries are active. That is particularly noticeable in queenless colonies where queens can be obtained from eggs laid eleven weeks after the start of oviposition.
    Notes: Resume Chez la FourmiCataglyphis cursor, les ouvrières orphelines produisent par parthénogénèse des œufs reproducteurs plus volumineux que ceux des reines fécondées. On a étudié en élevage, l'évolution de la longueur des œufs dans des sociétés avec reine et des sociétés sans reine et tenté d'estimer le nombre d'œufs produits par des colonies d'effectifs variés. Dans les sociétés avec reine, les ouvrières restent stériles dans les conditions normales et la ponte royale est d'environ un millier d'œufs dans la saison; il peut se former des jeunes reines et des mâles, mais il apparaît surtout beaucoup de nouvelles ouvrières. Dans les sociétés orphelines, les ouvrières pondent un grand nombre d'œufs, élèvent en priorité des jeunes reines, parfois des mâles et moins de nouvelles ouvrières. Il n'existe pas d'œufs préorientés. C'es l'état physiologique des ouvrières nourrices qui conditionne de devenir reine ou ouvrière des larves femelles: dans le cycle normal, les ailés sont issus des œufs du début de ponte, qui sont les plus gros; mais des œufs tardifs et de plus petite taille peuvent aussi donner des reines si les larves qui en sont issues sont élevées par des ouvrières dont l'ovaire est en activité. Cela est particulièrement évident dans les sociétés orphelines où l'on peut obtenir des reines à partir d'œufs pondus onze semaines après le début de la ponte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 308-331 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume La fourmi migratriceNeivamyrmex nigrescens a été étudiée sur le terrain pour déterminer comment le recrutement, l'emplacement et la quantité de nourriture influencent la fréquence, la distance et la direction des émigrations. Les observations sur l'affouragement montrent que les émigrations sont habituellement précédées par des raids, se poursuivent sur une colonne de raid réussi et se terminent près des sites de raids. Cependant, le recrutement alimentaire n'est pas un préliminaire nécessaire à l'émigration, pas plus que les émigrations ne se font toujours dans un endroit où il y a beaucoup de raids. En général, le nouveau nid n'est pas construit sur un site de raids, et il y a un court délai entre la découverte d'un site de nidification et le déclenchement de l'émigration. La direction, la distance et le déroulement temporel des émigrations sont liés plus directement à la découverte des sites de nidification qu'aux sites de raids, ce qui suggère des mécanismes de recrutement distincts. Etant donné que les raids et les émigrations disparaissent lorsqu'on suralimente les colonies, ces conduites ont un facteur de motivation commun, en l'occurrence la stimulation du couvain. L'effet réciproque entre la stimulation générale issue du couvain et le recrutement à des stimulations spécifiques, suscite une utilisation efficace du temps d'activité à la surface et empêche une exposition inutile de la reine et du couvain. La tendance à émigrer dans les endroits où il y a beaucoup de raids provient de la découverte d'un nid dans un tel endroit. Ainsi une colonie suit-elle généralement sa réserve de nourriture. Cependant, les émigrations gênent beaucoup les raids et ont probablement évolué dans des conditions écologiques très différentes de celles de la présente étude.
    Notes: Summary Field studies ofNeivamyrmex nigrescens were conducted to determine how recruitment to, location and amount of food affect emigration frequency, distance and direction. Observations of foraging showed that emigrations were usually preceded by raids, proceeded over a successful raid column, and terminated near raid sites. Recruitment to food was not a necessary prelude to emigration, however, nor did emigrations always move to an area of heavy raiding. The new nest was not usually formed in a raid site, and there was a short latency from the discovery of the nest site to the onset of the emigration. Direction, distance, and timing of emigrations were related more directly to discovery of nest sites than raid sites, suggesting separate recruitment mechanisms. Because both raids and emigrations were eliminated by overfeeding of colonies, these behaviors share a common motivating factor, namely, brood stimulation. The interplay between general arousal from the brood and recruitment to specific stimuli promotes efficient use of surface activity time and prevents unnecessary exposure of queen and brood. The tendency to emigrate into areas of heavy raids results from the discovery of a nest in that area; thus a colony generally follows its food supply. Emigrations interfere considerably with raiding, however, and probably evolved under ecological conditions very different from the present study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die mandibularen Drüsen der AmeiseWasmannia auropunctata enthalten 2,5-dimethyl-3-isopentylpyrazin, eine Verbindung mit der andere gleich-artige Nestbewohner von gestorten Arbeitern herbeigelockt werden. Während einer aggressiven interspezifischen Begegnung kann die kleine Ameise das Alkylpyrazin als ein Abstossungsmittel benutzen und ihren Opponenten noch dazu mit ihrem wirkungsvollen giftigen Stich untauglich machen. Alkylpyrazine sind schon früher in Vertreten der Unterfamilien Ponerinæ, Formicinæ und Dolichoderinæ gefunden worden, jedoch ist dies der erste Bericht über Alkylpyrazine in den mandibularen Drüsen einer Art der Myrmicinæ.
    Notes: Summary Mandibular glands of the ant,Wasmannia auropunctata, contain 2,5-dimethyl-3-isopentylpyrazine, a compound which attracts nestmates to disturbed workers. During interspecific aggressive encounters, this small ant may utilize the alkylpyrazine as a repellent as well as disabling opponents with its potent sting venom. Alkylpyrazines have been previously identified as cephalic products from ants of the subfamilies Ponerinæ, Formicinæ, and Dolichoderinæ but this is the first report of an alkylpyrazine from the mandibular glands of a member of the Myrmicinæ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 383-401 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary For two colonies ofPolistes reared in close proximity to one another, a series of physiological and ethological indices was determined for all of the female offspring surviving until mid-july. The indices chosen concern physiological parameters related to ovarian function, and ethological parameters expressing forms of integration into colony life. Multivariate analysis leads to the recognition of a number of clusters which fall into two functional groups: one is oriented towards the function of laying eggs and the other towards the function of maintenance of the colony. In spite of the obvious analogy, these two groups do not coincide perfectly with the two castes conventionally distinguished in the female sex; their divergence results from a succession of factors implicating both the state of belonging to a caste of the different individuals, and the direct causal factors the exact nature of which remains to be stated precisely.
    Notes: Resume Dans deux guêpiers dePolistes, placés au voisinage l'un de l'autre, on relève une série d'indices physiologiques et éthologiques sur l'ensemble des descendantes encore vivantes à la mi-juillet; les indices choisis concernent des paramètres physiologiques liés à la fonction ovarienne et des paramètres éthologiques exprimant des formes d'intégration à la vie de la colonie. L'analyse factorielle conduit à discerner un certain nombre de sous-populations, que l'on peut regrouper en deux grandes séries dont on propose une interprétation fonctionnelle: l'une s'orientant vers la fonction de ponte et l'autre vers la fonction d'entretien de la colonie. Malgré une analogie évidente, ces deux séries ne coïncident pas parfaitement avec les deux castes classiquement discernées dans le sexe femelle; leur divergence résulte d'une série de facteurs impliquant à la fois l'appartenance de caste des divers individus et des facteurs causaux immédiats dont la nature exacte reste à préciser.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 79-94 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Monsoon ; Rainfall ; Tropical meteorology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The paper deals with an application of a stochastic model to the frequency and duration of precipitation events. With the aid of the model, the magnitudes ofmth highest rainfall amount in 24 hours' duration with 97.5% probability are obtained for various climatic regimes over a tropical monsoon region. There is good agreement between them-day minimum rainfall estimated through the model and the observed value. The model satisfactorily explains the frequency of the extreme rainfall event.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 249-260 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Correlation function ; Interpolation ; Network design
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The study examines the correlation function of tropical monsoon rainfall on monthly, seasonal and annual time scales and obtains the relationship between this function and the distance. The area selected for study is Vidarbha with a fairly dense network of rain gauges. Vidarbha is a meteorological sub-division of the state of Maharashtra in India. Utilizing the relationship between the correlation function of the rainfall field and the distance, the errors of optimum interpolation of rainfall at a point have been computed by applying the method of optimum interpolation byGandin (1970). Relationships between the errors of interpolation and distance have been evaluated and from this the maximum spacing allowed between rain gauges for a specified tolerable error in interpolation has been estimated for each of the periods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 67-78 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Monsoon ; Transport ; Tropical meteorology ; Water vapour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The advective monthly mean transfer of water vapour in the layer below 700 mbar is investigated for India for the years 1962 to 1972 and for the months January to September. The average zonal and meridional components of the transfer of water vapour for India are obtained. They are further averaged for different combinations of the pre-monsoon months from January to May and are correlated with the summer monsoon rainfall. The correlation coefficients for zonal transfer of water vapour are either negative or small positive for different combinations of the months mentioned above. The correlation coefficients for the meridional transfer of water vapour are positive. The maximum value is 0.74 for the March to May combination and is statistically significant at the 1% level. An extensive investigation is, therefore, made for the March to May averages of water vapour transfer for four broad regions of India. The parameters of water vapour transfer for these regions are compared with the threshold values and the prediction category, normal or drought, for the subsequent summer monsoon season is determined for all years. The correlation coefficient between the index of drought, as determined from parameters of water vapour transport and rainfall departure, is statistically significant at the 2% level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 123-135 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Tropical meteorology ; Atmospheric electricity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The results of atmospheric electric measurements over a twenty year period (1961–1980) are reviewed for Ibadan situated in the tropical rain forest of Nigeria. The aim is to present the data in an easily accessible form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 197-201 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 54-66 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Atmospheric radioactivity ; Wind erosion ; Resuspension rate ; Vegetation contamination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A method for the determination of resuspension parameters of radioactive fall-out from nuclear explosions, deposited on soil from the stratospheric reservoir, is presented. The seasonal variation ofk α-137Cs resuspension parameter, the trend ofk α with time in 1963–1978, the trend over this period of time of the wind component fraction of the concentration of global137Cs in the surface boundary layer over arable and natural soils are given. An estimate of radioactive contamination of vegetation by the effect considered is given as an example of practical use of this work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 108-116 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Atmospheric electricity ; Fair weather electric field ; Effect of pollution on potential gradient in atmosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The measurement and monitoring of atmospheric pollutants is an important aspect of pollution studies. A novel method of assessment of the level of pollution in the atmosphere is conceived using point discharge and potential gradients. The present paper is an attempt to show that measurement of the point discharge current (PDC) and potential gradient (PG) can be used to provide information regarding the nature of charges and level of pollution in the atmosphere. The measurement of the PDC and PG in different localities is presented and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 151-166 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Source mechanisms ; Rock mechanics ; Microcracks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Focal mechanisms for 116 acoustic emission events associated with uniaxial cyclic loading of Westerly granite have been investigated using P-wave first-motions. Polarities were observed at eight transducers positioned on the sample to provide good azimuthal coverage. The P-wave radiation patterns can be fit by a quadrupole source but not by a simple pure tensional source. The predominant orientations of the two nodal planes for the quadrupole fit were subparallel to and perpendicular to the σ1 direction. Events with ‘close’ hypocenters, i.e., within a radius of 3 mm, display a remarkable similarity in focal mechanisms irrespective of the cycle or time within a cycle at which they occur. The polarity observations of 48 of 116 acoustic emission events could be fit with the simple quadrupole indicating that the microfracturing processes even in uniaxial compression often simplistically portrayed as propagating axial cracks are indeed quite complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 167-185 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Corsica ; Historical seismicity ; Macroseismic study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The documents that we have compiled (archives, newspaper reports and seismic catalogues) enabled us to go back to the end of the 18th century in the seismic history of Corsica. The number of felt earthquakes (epicentres off shore or on the island) which were documented during the two and a half centuries is relatively low. Maximum intensities have reached VI or rarely VII. The seismic activity is mainly located in the North-East of Corsica, near faults which have recently been active between the ‘Corse schisteuse’ (Alpine domain) and the ‘Plaine Orientale’ (Quaternary, Neogene). A seismic crisis happened recently (1978–1979) in this area where present activity of some of these faults has been suggested. Macroseismic studies have been conducted for the main shocks (I max=VI and V) in order to locate them accurately. Two among them (April 3, 1978 and March 27, 1979) are studied here in detail. Using the Kövesligethy formula hypocenters are respectively found at 4.5±0.5 km and around 5 km, whereas the corresponding absorption factors are 0.020 and 0.031. Such depths show that the two events affected the upper crust of Corsica (30 km).
    Notes: Résumé L'étude des documents (archives, presse et catalogues sismiques) que nous avons consultés, nous a permis de remonter jusqu'à la fin du XVIIIe siècle dans l'histoire sismologique corse. Le nombre des séismes ressentis (épicentres en mer ou sur l'île) recensés pendant ces deux siècles et demi est relativement faible. Les intensités maximales ont parfois atteint le degré VI, plus rarement VII. L'activité sismique touche principalement une région située au Nord-Est de la Corse, au voisinage de failles au rejeu récènt et séparent le domaine de la Corse schisteuse (alpin) du domaine de la Plaine Orientale (Quaternaire, Néogène). Une crise sismique récente (1978–1979) a de nouveau secoué cette même région où on a suggéré l'activité actuelle de certaines de ces failles. Les plus importants de ces séismes (I max=VI et V) ontifait l'objet d'enquêtes macrosismiques qui permettent d'en préciser les épicentres. Deux d'entre-eux ont été étudiés en détail (3 avril 1978 et 27 mars 1979); en utilisant la relation de Kövesligethy, les hypocentres se situent respectivement à 4,5±0.5 km et vers 5 km, pour des coefficients d'absorption de 0,020 et 0,031. Ces profondeurs indiquent que ces deux séismes ont mis en jeu des éléments superficiels de la croûte corse (30 km).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 229-248 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Meridional transport ; Monsoon ; Sensible heat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Spherical harmonic analysis is made of the grid point values of geopotential heights at 700 mb and 300 mb levels for the months April to August for the years 1967 and 1972. The year 1967 is a good monsoon year and 1972 is a bad monsoon year in India. Meridional transport of sensible heat is obtained in wave number domain using spherical harmonic coefficients at 500 mb level form=1 to 10 andn−m=0 to 10, wherem represents the wave number round the globe andn−m gives the numbers of zero points from north pole to south pole excluding the poles themselves. Large northward transports of sensible heat in the month of May and in the monsoon months at the subtropics are characteristic of bad monsoon. Wave 1 transports sensible heat southward (forn−m=0) and wave 2 transports sensible heat northward (forn−m=4). Strengthening of wave 1 is conducive to good monsoon year and strengthening of wave 2 is conducive to bad monsoon year. These are the same features obtained in Fourier analysis. The contrasting features exist in waves 1 and 2 both in good and in bad monsoon and are better defined in the present analysis than in the Fourier analysis of the earlier study. However, waves 1 and 2 reveal clearer contrast in the present analysis than in the Fourier analysis. Bad monsoon activity is associated with large divergence of heart at subtropics and large convergence of heat at extra tropics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 22
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 23
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Fourier transform method ; Self-potential anomalies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The self-potential anomaly due to a two-dimensional inclined sheets of finite depth extent has been analysed in the frequency domain using the Fourier transform. Expression for the Fourier amplitude and phase spectra are derived. The Fourier amplitude and phase spectra are analysed so as to evaluate the parameters of the sheet. Application of this method on two anomalies (synthetic and field data) has given good results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 422-436 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Monex-79 ; Objective analysis ; Wind field
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The monsoon sub-programme of FGGE deployed a variety of observing systems such as research aircraft, research vessels, floating ballooms, and a geostationary satellite, etc. during the special observational period of Monex-79, with a view to making the best possible data set available for studies on various aspects of the monsoon circulation. Whether the data obtained from the various observational platorms improve the representation of the monsson systems, flow patterns, etc. in the analysis is the basis of this study. For this, the objective analyses of the wind field were made with different data sets, first using only the data from conventional observation platforms, subsequently including the data from aircraft and ships and then finally including the data from the satellite. These analyses were compared with carefully made subjective analyses. It is inferred that the addition of data has a positive impact on the objective analysis and the improvement in the analysis is more marked in the data-void region like the Arabian Sea compared to the region where observational stations are distributed fairly stisfactorily. It is also inferred that the impact of the aircraft/ship data on the analysis is more consistent than the data from the satellite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 483-494 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Flood ; Precipitation ; Tropical meteorology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The rainstorm of 17 to 21 July 1981 which caused exceptionally heavy rains and floods in arid Rajasthan, was analysed. It was observed that 7 stations in the rainstorm area broke their previous 80-year record of one-day rainfall, and two of these stations equalled their respective estimates of probable maximum precipitation (PMP). A comparison of areal raindepths of this rainstorm with the similar raindepths of past severe-most rainstorms of this region showed that this rainstorm gave unprecedented raindepths up to about 38 850 sq. km (i.e. 15 000 sq. miles) for a 3-day duration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 495-502 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Cloudiness ; Sunshine ; Tropical meteorology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between point cloudiness and sunshine derived cloud cover in India is investigated using data collected from 33 stations. It has been found that point cloudiness, in general, overestimates sunshine derived cloud cover. The latitudinal dependence of the overestimation is discussed. The significance of the precise quantification of cloudiness in radiation budget studies is briefly mentioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 27
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Wave scattering ; Elastic heterogeneity ; Three-dimensional modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The formal solutions of displacement field to the problem of elastic wave scattering and diffraction due to an infinitely long rigid cylinder embedded in an infinite elastic medium by an impulsive point source have been obtained in the integral form. The integrals for the reflected and the diffracted waves both in the shadow zone and in the illuminated zone are evaluated asymptotically for the early time motion by the Reisdue-Cagniard method and the Saddle-point-Cagniard method. Numerical results of the diffractedP, S andPS waves at a fixed circum-distance from the surface of the rigid cylinder show noticeably that (1) the energy partition for the diffractedS wave is small in comparison with that for the diffractedP wave, (2) the wave form of the diffractedS wave is broader and more diffused than that of the diffractedP wave, (3) the direction of the radial motions of the diffractedP andS waves varies as a function of the observational point, and (4) the energy partition for the diffractedP wave is much smaller than that for the direct or the reflectedP waves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 642-647 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Atmospheric kinetic energy ; Climate models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The winter simulations of the GLAS climate model and the NCAR community climate model are used to examine the maintenance of the atmospheric kinetic energy. It is found that the kinetic energy is generated in the lower latitudes south of the maximum westerlies, transported northward and then, destroyed in the midlatitudes north of the maximum westerlies. Therefore, the atmospheric kinetic energy is maintained by the counterbalance between the divergence (convergence) of kinetic energy flux and generation (destruction) of kinetic energy in lower (middle) latitudes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 682-690 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Atmospheric electricity ; Atmospheric electric potential gradient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Atmospheric electric potential gradient measurments were made near the ground at Vishakapatnam (17°42′N, 83°18′E). The diurnal variation of potential gradient during fair weather has been studied. The characteristic pattern of potential gradient in different months, different seasons and its annual variation are examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 721-757 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Edge waves ; shelf waves ; Kelvin waves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Free and forced oscillations of shallow water in an infinitely long rotating channel of parabolic cross-section are analyzed. The pure cross-channel oscillations ofChrystal (1905) and solutions for zero rotation first discussed byProudman (1925) andHidaka (1932) are special asymptotic solutions for the free modes of this model. However, for increasingly large, along-shore wave number, our solutions donot uniformly approach those ofReid (1958) andBall (1967) for a single shore-line and semi-infinite ocean. A method of computing eigen frequencies and eigen functions for the general problem is described, and a sufficient number of these are exhibited graphically to permit visualization of the transitions between the asymptotic regions. The forced problem consists of an incoming wave-train or surge generated at the center of the channel. Amplitude and transports near the shore are computed for a wide range of dimensionless incoming-wave frequencies and rotational frequencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 784-794 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Depth estimation ; magnetized layers ; long-wavelength anomalies ; spectral analysis ; reduction to the pole
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A large extent aeromagnetic survey, covering a 9°×9° degree of a Precambrian shield area in SE Brazil, was used to analyse long wavelength magnetic anomalies with the purpose of determining the magnetic structure of the lithosphere. Data analysis based on a novel approach to the estimation of the parameters in the statistical model ofSpector andGrant (1970), reveals a highly magnetized lower crust, bounded by an essentially non-magnetic upper mantle. The highly magnetized layer can be associated with a higher density lower crust model, derived from gravity and seismic data available in the area, suggesting a compositional transition from upper to lower crust. It was also verified that the operation of reduction to the pole, which is singular at the geomagnetic equator, performs quite satisfactorily at the low geomagnetic inclination of the area, bringing into accordance the long wavelength anomalies with the structural trends.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 840-849 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Earthquake magnitude ; Magnitude-frequency relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between frequency and magnitude in homogeneous series of earthquakes is studied. The linear relation of Gutenberg and Richter between the logarithm of frequency and the magnitude is found to be applicable only in a restricted range of magnitudes. The plots of the cumulative number of earthquakes versus magnitude for 20 different series (the total number of events in a single series ranging from about 50 to more than 3000) clearly indicate the presence of vertical asymptotes. This fact suggests that upper and lower limits could exist for the magnitude of a single event, i.e. for the energy that can be released in an earthquake. From the position of the vertical asymptotes it is possible to obtain the upper and lower bounds of magnitude for each series of earthquakes. The empirical shape of the cumulative number-magnitude distribution can be well represented by equilateral hyperbolas. A ‘least χ2’ method has been used to obtain the best-fitting hyperbolas and corresponding the minimum and maximum magnitudes for each series. The shape of the frequency-magnitude relationship is discussed in lesser detail. It is found, however, that after suitable rescaling the earthquakes in each series follow much the same law, with a comparatively small scatter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 28-36 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Polarity ; Maternal effect ; Nurse cells ; Embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The mutationdicephalic (dic) affects follicle development and thereby alters the antero-posterior polarity of embryonic patterning. It maps at a single locus (3–46.0±1.0) and can be characterized as a semi-dominant maternal effect mutation with low penetrance. Indic follicles, the 15 nurse cells form two clusters located at opposite poles of the oocyte; the numerical distribution of the nurse cells among the clusters varies from 7:8 to 1:14. Thedic egg shell carries a micropyle (anterior marker) at either pole, but the misshapen respiratory appendages are restricted to one of the two poles in most eggs. The malformed eggs rarely yield larvae and these are always abnormal anteriorly and/or posteriorly. The segment pattern expressed in their cuticle may represent two anterior parts of opposite polarities (double head type), two posterior parts of opposite polarities (double abdomen type, rare) or show uniform polarity. Lability of organization at the cystocyte stage appears as the primary developmental defect of the mutant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 34
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Triturus alpestris embryos ; Melanophores ; Xanthophores
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The change in distribution of melanophores from stage 28+ (uniform melanophore pattern) to stage 34 (banded melanophore pattern) and the participation of xanthophores in these changes has been investigated inTriturus alpestris embryos by studying the social behaviour of single cells. While melanophores are clearly visible from outside the embryo at stage 28+, xanthophores cannot be recognized from the outside until after stage 34. In ultrathin sections of stage 34 embryos, xanthophores are observed alternating with melanophores in a zonal distribution (Epperlein 1982). Using detached pieces of dorsolateral trunk skin, which retain their chromatophores after detachment, the entire distribution of melanophores and xanthophores can be visualized in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In ambiguous cases (early stages), cells were reprocessed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the presence of the characteristic pigment organelles was assessed. In addition, xanthophores were specifically identified by pteridine fluorescence with dilute ammonia. Pteridines were also identified chromatographically in skin homogenates. The combination of these methods allowed precise identification and quantitative determination of melanophores and xanthophores. Both cell types were present as codistributed, biochemically differentiated cells at stage 28+. Changes in the pattern up to stage 34 were due to the rearrangement at the epidermal-mesodermal interface of a relatively fixed number of melanophores which became preferentially localised at the dorsal somite edge and at the lateral plate mesoderm, and to the distribution of an increasing number of xanthophores to subepidermal locations in the dorsal fin and between the melanophore bands. Concomitant was an increase in the thickness of the epidermal basement membrane and a change in shape of chromatophores from elongate via stellate to rosette shaped, which may be correlated with a shift from migratory to sessile phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 68-68 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 64-67 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Hydra attenuata ; Recombination of ecto- and endoderm ; Polarity ; Morphogenetic gradients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Ectoderm and endoderm of the gastric column ofHydra attenuata Pall. were separated from each other and reassembled with either the same (controls) or opposite polar orientation. The controls always regenerated a head and basal disc according to the original polarity. In those specimens in which the polarity of ecta- and endoderm was opposite 33 specimens out of 41 reconstituted a single polyp whose body axis was clearly identifiable. Of these cases 8 followed the polarity of the ectoderm, 3 obeyed that of the endoderm, and 22 formed axes perpendicular to the original longitudinal axis. In 5 cases 2 specimens regenerated from the reassembled specimens. It is thus demonstrated that axial polarity ofHydra is determined by both the ecto- and the endoderm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 112-118 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Mollusca ; Mosaic development ; Polar lobe ; Determination ; Regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The significance of the first quartet of micromeres for the morphogenesis ofBithynia — a polar lobe-forming gastropod-has been studied by deletion experiments. After removal of the whole first quartet at the 8-cell stage a dorsoventrally organized veliger larva is formed. Apparently, an interaction between the animal micromeres and a vegetal macromere, which is essential for the origin of a dorsoventral organization in equally cleaving gastropods, is not required in polar lobe forming eggs. It is concluded that in these eggs dorsoventrality is determined by segregation of the polar lobe. The embryos, in which the first quartet has been removed, never develop head structures. This indicates that the capacity to form head structures is restricted to the first quartet of micromeres. Deletion of a specific first quartet micromere (1a, 1b, 1c or 1d) showed, however, that the individual cells of this quartet are not strictly determined right from their origin. Frequently regulative development was observed after removal of individual first quartet cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 127-133 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Primary hypoblast ; Chick ; Cell Proliferation ; Colchicine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Proliferative patterns in colchicine treated embryos during the first few hours of incubation, Eyal-Giladi and Kochav stages XI–XIII, clarify the role of cell division in the anterolateral expansion of the primary hypoblast as well as the expansion of the entire blastoderm. A layer of primary hypoblast (extra-embryonic endoderm) can form in the absence of cell division. Colchicine, in concentrations used here, does not prevent ingression of cells from the upper layer to the primary hypoblast and establishment of intercellular contacts. These processes, however modified, remain sufficiently operative so that a hypoblast layer forms. In addition, colchicine does not prevent radial expansion of the whole blastoderm. The demonstrated distribution of proliferative rates in the blastoderm can be the source of cells for blastoderm radial expansion, shape changes and for hypoblast development supplementing ingression of cells from the upper layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 119-126 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Primary hypoblast ; Chick ; SEM ; Polyingression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that the primary hypoblast forms beneath the area pellucida during the first 8 h of incubation mainly by establishment of contact among cells which move downward out of the epiblast. This movement, polyingression, begins posteriorly and continues antero-laterally during the period of primary hypoblast formation. Polyingression produces many pits and possibly a crescentic fold in the embryo upper surface with corresponding cell clusters and a ridge on the lower surface. Fixationin situ helps prevent formation of artifactual folds and wrinkles facilitating interpretation of the SEM images. Formation of intercellular adhesions which lead to development of an epithelial primary hypoblast proceeds in a posterior to anterior direction along with polyingression. This epithelialization begins with elaboration of numerous filamentous processes by cells as they arrive from the epiblast, and continues with ongoing input of cells, merging of cells and cell clusters, and cell flattening. We have also shown (Weinberger and Brick 1982) that proliferation of ingressing cells provides additional cells for hypoblast development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 40
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Cortical contraction ; Pronuclear migration ; Sperm trail ; Xenopus ; Amphibians
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The cortical contraction begins 4 min after insemination and one minute after prick activation. During the next 4 min, the pigment margin moves 15 degrees toward the animal pole. The cortex then relaxes to the prefertilization level over the next 10 min. Contrary to earlier estimations, the cortical contraction occurs during the same time span as the wave of cortical granule exocytosis. We suggest that the two events may result from a common stimulus. The sperm trail (ST) forms during the relaxation of the cortex. The ST first appears as a conically-shaped trail of pigment in the cytoplasm; it then elongates into a funnel-shaped trail as the male pronucleus migrates into the egg. The base of the cytoplasmic ST can be seen on the surface of the egg as a circular condensation of pigment. The male and female pronuclei migrate at a constant rate of 12 μm per minute. The male pronucleus migrates by the enlargement of its aster, whereas, it appears that the female pronucleus is dependent on the male aster for its motion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 246-256 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Tubifex egg ; Ooplasmic segregation ; Pole plasm ; Microfilaments ; Cytochalasin B
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Ooplasmic segregation, i.e. the accumulation of pole plasm in theTubifex egg, consists of two steps: (1) Cytoplasm devoid of yolk granules and lipid droplets migrates toward the egg periphery and forms a continuous subcortical layer around the whole egg; (2) the subcortical cytoplasm moves along the surface toward the animal pole in the animal hemisphere and toward the vegetal pole in the vegetal hemisphere, and finally accumulates at both poles of the egg to form the animal and vegetal pole plasms. Whereas the subcortical layer increases in volume during the first step, it decreases during the second step. This is ascribed to the compact rearrangement in the subcortical layer of membraneous organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. The number of membraneous organelles associated with the cortical layer increases during the second step. Electron microscopy reveals the presence of microfilaments not only in the cortical layer but also in the subcortical layer. Subcortical microfilaments link membraneous organelles to form networks; some are associated with bundles of cortical microfilaments. The thickness of the cortical layer differs regionally. The pattern of this difference does not change during the second step. On the other hand, the subcortical cytoplasm moves ahead of the ‘stationary’ cortical layer. The accumulation of pole plasm is blocked by cytochalasin B but not by colchicine. The first step of this process is less sensitive to cytochalasin B than the second step, suggesting that these two steps are controlled by differnt mechanisms. The mechanical aspects of ooplasmic segregation in theTubifex egg are discussed in the light of the present observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 264-269 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Sexcombless ; Foreleg basitarsus ; Genital disc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The chromosome which carries the mutationsexcombless (In(1)sx) affects males and females ofD. melanogaster. In the male foreleg basitarsi the number of sexcomb teeth is dramatically reduced from 10 to 0.7 and the number of transverse rows of bristles is increased from 6 to 8. Females homozygous forIn(1)sx show a normal bristle pattern in the foreleg basitarsus. The genital disc derivatives of both male and femaleIn(1)sx flies are strongly affected. While the external genitalia show a duplicated or a reduced bristle pattern, the internal genitalia are mostly absent. However, the sexually dimorphic tergites and sternites of the abdomen remain unaffected. The male-specific effect on the basitarsus and the general effects on the genital disc derivatives are proposed to represent two different phenotypic effects ofIn(1)sx which may derive from mutations at different gene loci in the inverted chromosome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 270-276 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Stored poly(A)RNA ; RNP particles ; α-amanitin ; Cordycepin ; Interstitial cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The formation of tentacles and stolons during metamorphosis is severely disturbed if inhibitors of mRNA metabolism are applied during certain phases of development. The periods of sensitivity to α-amanitin are late gastrulation and the disk stage of metamorphosis. A cordycepin sensitive phase exists during the first hour of metamorphosis. In all drug sensitive phases an enhanced poly(A) synthesis is found indicating increased mRNA metabolism in these stages. Pulse-chase experiments show that planula larvae store a poly(A)-rich RNA population sedimenting between 28–18s. These long living molecules are of embryonic origin, are located in RNP particles and are degraded during metamorphosis. The particles in question appear to be stored mainly in interstitial cells. In early metamorphosis no uridine is incorporated but labelled poly(A) is added to preexisting molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 281-284 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Mammals ; Brain cortex ; Gangliosides ; Glycoproteins ; AChE ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Developmental profiles of 11 gangliosides, concentration of lipid- and glycoprotein-bound sialic acid, and activity of AChE of the rat and mouse cerebral cortex were followed from the 7th day of gestation to the 21st postnatal day. There are three main changes in ganglioside concentration, which are similar in both species. The first occurs from gestation day 10 until birth: parallel to decreased proliferation, cell migration, and neuroblast differentiation, GM3 and GD3 in mouse cortex and GD3 in the rat's decreases in favor of GQ1b, GT1b, and GD1a. The second occurs from birth until the first postnatal week: Parallel to increased growth and arborization of dendrites and axons as well as synaptogenesis in rats and mice, there is a two-fold rise of GD1a, whereas GQ1b and GT1b remain on a nearly constant level. Concomitantly, GM3 and GD3 decreases. The third period of ganglioside changes starts in the second postnatal week, parallel to onset of myelination, and is characterized by an increase of GM1 in parallel with a decrease of the polysialogangliosides GT1b and GQ1b.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 285-288 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Imaginal discs ; homoeosis ; Compartments ; Aldehyde oxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The aldehyde oxidase staining pattern in wing discs ofDrosophila melanogaster bearing the genotypesap blt /ap blt andap blt andap blt /ap 73n showns changes from the wild-type pattern. Extensive areas of the presumptive dorsal posterior wing blade, which are normally unstained, have enzyme activity in these mutants. In wings of these genotypes, dorsal posterior structures are replaced by dorsal anterior wing structures. A strong correlation has been found between the frequencies of various staining patterns in the discs and the extent of transformation in the cuticular structures of the wing, which is consistent with the idea that aldehyde oxidase activity can be used as an indicator in the wing disc of this transformation. Unlike the homoeotic mutationengrailed, apterous has not been interpreted as a selector gene yet the work reported here shows thatapterous alleles can cause changes resembling those of theengrailed phenotype both in aldehyde oxidase staining behaviour and in the cuticular transformation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 301-308 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Enzyme Patterns ; Imaginal discs ; D. melanogaster ; Territories ; Pattern formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Analysis of the development of the aldehyde oxidase (AO) pattern in the wing pouch ofD. melanogaster showed that the extension of areas with AO activity occurs in steps. This indicates that the activation of this enzyme is regulated in groups of cells. It is proposed to use the term ‘territory’ for such a cell group. In the wing pouches ofD. melanogaster, D. simulans andMusca, corresponding parts of the disc become AO positive at comparable developmental stages. This indicates that AO becomes active in individual territories in a specific sequence. Borderlines of the distribution pattern of different enzymes in the wing pouch ofDrosophila and other dipteran species are in agreement with those found for the development of the AO pattern or are complementary to them. This indicates the existence of a common set of territories in the wing pouches of all higher diptera. Borderlines of patterns, as caused by different genetic constitution, are also in accord with this set of territories. The borderlines of some territories coincide with the compartmental A/P or D/V boundary. The results support the idea that both the location of compartmental boundaries and that of borderlines of enzyme territories are determined by a single mechanism. The distribution and the shape of the territories in the wing pouch is best explained by the reaction-diffusion model proposed by Meinhardt (1980), which involves three different gradients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 47
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Thymus ; Amphibia ; Cell populations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Twenty days after fertilization (stage 40) the thymus ofPleurodeles waltlii consists of two main cell types: epithelial reticular cells (71%) and lymphoid stem-cells (24%). Between day 20 and day 72 (stage 53) the lymphoid stem-cells differentiate into lymphocytes, via the lymphoblast state. Commencing at day 20, epithelial reticular cells are transformed into epithelial reticular dense cells. Following day 65, other epithelial reticular cells begin to differentiate into epithelial hypertrophic cells, and these subsequently form thymic cysts. During this whole period intense proliferation takes place. The three types of polynuclear cells (neutrophil, eosinophil, and basophil), the macrophages, and the plasmocytes differentiate outside the thymus then migrate into it through the vascular system. Around day 72 (stage 53), the mature thymus consists of two parts: the first is visible as a background or cortex-like area, the second comprises medulla like spots, formed by small numbers of cysts. Around metamorphosis the cell populations reach a stable state. After metamorphosis the relative frequency of the lymphoid cell population progressively decreases, while the proportion of epithelial hypertrophic cells, together with cyst surface area, is increased. Consequently the ratio of cysts/background area increases with age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 331-334 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Genetic mosaics ; Cell autonomy ; Cell affinities ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary InDrosophila melanogaster, segmental specification takes place in groups of cells around the blastoderm stage. This segmental specification requires the function of the genes of the bithorax-complex. We have studied preblastoderm mosaics (gynandromorphs) of mutant (bx 3,pbx, Ubx, Ubx 80) and wildtype (heterozygotes for these alleles) cells. The results show a total cell autonomy in the differentiation of both wildtype and homoeotially transformed cells. However, several unexpected phenotypes were found. They are discussed in terms of the function of the bithorax genes and early interactions between mutant and wildtype territories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 335-339 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Gap junction ; Wing disc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The distribution of gap junctions in mature larvalDrosophila melanogaster wing discs was analyzed by means of quantitative electron microscopy. Gap junctions are non-randomly distributed in the proximal-distal disc axis and in the apical-basal cell axis of the epithelium. In the epithelial cells, the surface density, number and length of gap junctions are greatest in the apical cell region and distal disc region. The average gap junction surface density is 0.0572 μm−1 and 2.77% of the lateral cell surface is composed of gap junctions. In the adepithelial cells, the gap junction surface density is 0.0005 μm−1 and 0.06% of the cell surface is composed of gap junctions. No gap junctions were observed between epithelial cells and adepithelial cells. The absolute area of gap junctions was estimated in a proximal-distal strip of cells in the disc and is considerably less in the folded regions of the epithelium compared to the flat notum and wing pouch regions. The results are discussed with respect to pattern formation and growth control in imaginal discs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 348-354 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Dictyostelium ; Pattern Formation ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Chemotaxis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Scanning electron microscopic observations ofDictyostelium discoideum cell masses during slug formation revealed two populations around the anterior tip; one group of cells resembled elongated aggregation stream cells and their orientation suggested that they move to the tip, whereas the other group of cells were isodiametric and showed no obvious orientation. In seeking further evidence for a role of differential cAMP chemotaxis in the orientation and movement of slug cells the anterior prestalk cells were compared to the posterior prespore cells in two chemotaxis tests. When a cell mass is placed on cAMP agar the prestalk cells exhibited better movement to cAMP sources but when the gradient was generated in a diffusion chamber the prestalk cells did not. This evidence suggested that the cells which are better able to generate a cAMP gradient might form part of the anterior zone of the slug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 366-370 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Polyadenylated RNA ; Complementary repetitive sequences ; Protein coding sequences ; Gene regulation ; Xenopus embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy revealed that transcripts of complementary repetitive sequence elements are widely distributed among long poly (A) containing RNA molecules of Xenopus laevis. cDNA/RNA hybridization experiments suggest that many of these polyadenylated transcripts carry protein coding sequences which are interrupted by repetitive elements. Our in-vitro translation experiments indicate that removal of repetitive elements must precede the utilization of protein coding sequences associated with them. Thus processing of maternal transcripts may be of significance in the regulation of gene expression during early development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 381-384 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Polyteny ; DNA content ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The amounts of DNA in midgut and Malpighian tubule cells of adult maleDrosophila melanogaster have been determined by Feulgen-DNA cytophotometry. The DNA values fall into discrete classes reflecting different levels of polyteny. The maximum level is 64C in the midgut, 256C in Malpighian tubules, and the modal values are 32C and 128C respectively. The data provide no evidence for extensive underreplication of heterochromatin. It is suggested that the reduced amount of satellite DNA found in the tissues of young adult flies may be a consequence of the fact that cycles of DNA replication started in the pre-adult stages are not completed until some hours after eclosion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 1-4 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Embryo ; RNA ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Frog embryo nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA populations, labeled in vivo and in vitro, were hybridized to, filterbound homologous and heterologous DNA. The transcription of homologous (frog) repetitive DNA into nuclear RNA decreases qualitatively during development while the transcription of heterologous (minnow, human) repetitive DNA into nuclear RNA remains relatively constant qualitatively. The diversity of homologous repetitive mRNA increases during development, but there is only a slight change in the diversity of heterologous repetitive mRNA transcripts. There is a marked restriction of transport of the heterologous RNA sequences to the cytoplasm at a later stage of development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 69-83 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Body asymmetry ; Maternal inheritance ; Cleavage pattern ; Timing of gene action ; Gastropod
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The genetics of body asymmetry inLymnaea peregra follows a maternal mode of inheritance involving a single locus with dextrality being dominant to sinistrality. Maternal inheritance implies that all members of a brood have the same phenotype, however, some broods contain a few individuals of opposite coil. One purpose of this paper is to explain the origin of these anomalous individuals. Genetic analyses of sinistral broods with a few dextral individuals have led to the development of a cross-over model, with the anomalous dextrals originating as a consequence of crossing over either during meiosis or mitosis in the female germ line. The crossover either reconstitutes the dextral gene from previously dissociated parts, or creates a dextral gene by means of a position effect. The probability of a crossover event depends upon the appropriate combination of complementary sinistral chromosomes. Each crossover event has the potential of creating a unique dextral gene. Genetic analyses of dextral broods containing a few sinistral individuals have demonstrated that different dextral genes vary in penetrance. The dextral gene produces a product during oogenesis which influences the pattern of cleavage in the embryo; this cleavage pattern is translated into the appropriate body asymmetry. The other purpose of this paper is to provide an assay for this gene product. Cytoplasm from dextral eggs injected into uncleaved sinistral eggs causes these eggs to cleave in a dextral pattern. Cytoplasm from sinistral eggs has no effect on the cleavage pattern of dextral eggs. While the dextral gene product is made during oogenesis, it does not function in controlling cleavage until just before this process begins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 55
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Helix aspersa ; Gonadal Extract ; Protein Study ; Dosage ; Electrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The total soluble protein content in crude extracts of gonads ofHelix aspersa Müller from different stages of its life cycle was quantified and then resolved into different protein fractions using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was found that both the protein content and wet weight of the gonads increased during growth but decreased markedly during the copulation and egg-laying phases. Electrophoretic analysis of the extracts from different stages revealed that additional fractions progressively appeared and that in adults, the number and comcentration of the bands changed in response to physiological conditions (activity, copulation, egg-laying or hibernation) so that the maximum number of 27 fractions was observed during the active phase. We have attempted to correlate these biochemical observations with previously published descriptions of histological changes that occur during the development of the gonad.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 103-111 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Polytene Chromosomes ; Ecdysteroids ; Fat Body
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Changes in polytene chromosome 3 L puffing patterns in the fat body ofDrosophila melanogaster larvae and prepupae are compared to those in the salivary gland. While some general features are common to the two tissues, there are differences which reflect their different developmental roles. In vitro experiments with fat body chromosomes show that they have a distinct response to ecdysteroids which is different from that of salivary gland chromosomes, and which does not,in this culture system, reproduce the changes observed in normal development. In short term culture experiments, the fat body chromosomes appear more sensitive to ecdysteroids than the salivary gland chromosomes and, although 20-OH ecdysone is more active than ecdysone in these assays, the possibility is not excluded that ecdysone has a role in normal development as it appears to alter gene activity at physiological levels in these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 134-136 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Leafhopper egg ; Deformation of egg shape ; Pattern formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The egg of the leafhopperEuscelis plebejus was deformed by involuting both egg poles in longitudinal direction until the egg poles touched inside the egg. Even under those conditions a complete germ band with normal sequence of segments may be formed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 143-148 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Amphibia ; Junctions ; Interaction ; Development ; Freeze fracture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using freeze-fracture electron microscopy and fluorescent dye injection we have analysed the contacts between cells of the deeper endoderm taken from neurulae ofXenopus laevis. Endodermal cells in situ have large 1.5 μm diameter gap junctions composed of 8 nm P-face particles and corresponding E-face pits. Beside gap junctions, particle aggregates typical of desmosomal plaques are present but there are no tight junctions. The dissociation of endoderm into single cells involves profound structural alterations in the surface membrane including the complete disappearance of junctional structures among them gap junctions. The reaggregation of endoderm cells leads to the restoration of the surface membrane IMP (Intra Membrane Particle) pattern and, after ca. 30 min, to the establishment of functional pathways allowing for the intercellular transfer of fluorescent dye. Concomitantly gap junctions reappear. The observation that the dissociation and reaggregation of endodermal cells involves IMP alterations which go beyond the cell junctions themselves is discussed as an adaptation of the plasma membrane to changing environmental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 19-27 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Triturus alpestris embryos ; Melanophores ; Xanthophores ; Subepidermal distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The subepidermal distribution of xanthophores and melanophores is investigated in embryos ofTriturus alpestris with a uniform (stage 28+) and a banded melanophore pattern (stage 35/36). In ultrathin head and trunk sections from stage 35/36 embryos which externally show longitudinal dorsal and lateral melanophore bands in the trunk and less compact continuations of the dorsal bands in the head, xanthophores were discovered in addition to melanophores. Melanophores contain melanosomes while xanthophores which are not externally visible, are recognized by their pterinosomes. Both chromatophore cell types are mutually exclusively distributed on the epidermal basement membrane (bm). Mesenchymal cells seemed not to be able to replace them, except on the bm of the corneal epithelium where there were only mesenchymal cells. In head and trunk sections from stage 28+ embryos which externally show a distribution of uniformly scattered melanophores on the dorsolateral halves, melanophores were found on the dorsolateral neural crest migration route. No epidermal bm was present and xanthophores were undetectable. In ventrolateral and ventral portions of embryos of both stages no chromatophores occurred. This investigation defines the histological localization of melanophores and xanthophores in embryos with a typical uniform and banded melanophore arrangement; a subsequent study analyzes when xanthophores appear and how they arrange with melanophores in alternating zones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 37-41 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) may prove to be a useful short-term cell lineage marker in the early mouse embryo. Blastomeres and embryos are labelled by a 10 min exposure to 0.5 mg/ml FITC in ungassed medium 16 containing 2 mg/ml polyvinylpyrrolidone. FITC-labelled embryos divide at rates comparable with control non-labelled embryos, undergo polarization and cell flattening at compaction at the 8-cell stage, generate distinct inner and outer cell populations at the 16-cell stage and form blastocysts with both ICM and trophectodermal tissues. The label is equally transmitted to all progeny of a labelled cell, is stable in the cells for several days and is not transferred to neighboring non-labelled cells via gap junctions. The fluorescent labelling observed is predominantly cytoplasmic and may reflect an unusual permeability of embryonic plasma membranes
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 56-63 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Developmental Field ; Inhibitory Gradient ; Hydrozoa ; Stolon Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An inhibitory field which emanates from the mobile tips of elongating stolons of colonial hydroids has been identified and analyzed. It extends proximally with decreasing intensity for about 400–700 μm and ensures that branching sites occur at appropriate distances along the stolon. The local strengths of inhibition within the field have been measured with a new method which permits high temporal and spatial resolution. Kinetic studies reveal three characteristics. First, inhibition decays rather rapidly after removal of its source. The half life is about 30 min. Second, loss of inhibition immediately triggers initiation of future tip formation. Third, restoration and spreading of inhibition are slow processes which take 8–24 h to recover 90% of the original inhibitory levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 42-55 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Clonal analysis ; Growth ; Cell lineage ; Genital disc ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary InDrosophila, the terminalia (i.e. internal and external analia and genitalia, except the gonads) are formed by the genital disc. Comparative studies suggested that this disc may have evolved through fusion of the imaginal primordia of the last 3 or 4 abdominal segments. The present report describes the clonal relationships within the complex genital disc. Genetically marked cell clones were induced in male and female embryos and larvae heterozygous for cell marker mutations. 1) Frequencies and sizes of clones suggest that the embryonic disc anlage consists of 14–17 precursor cells: 4–6 for the analia, some 7 for the male genitalia, and 3–4 for the female genitalia. These cells grow exponentially during larval development. 2) In both sexes, the clones were confined to either analia or genitalia, suggesting two separate cell lineages already established at blastoderm. 3) Internal and external genitalia remain in the same compartment at least up to 60 h (end of first instar). 4) A clonal restriction appeared around 84 h (mid second instar), separating a dorsal from a ventral part in the male genitalia. The ventral compartment comprises the ventral part of the lateral plate and clasper, hypandrium, and all internal genitalia. No such boundary was detected in the female. 5) In the female, analia and parovaria originate from the same precursors; another cell lineage forms eighth tergites, vaginal plates, oviduct, receptacle, and spermathecae. 6) In female analia, dorsal and ventral plate share common precursors at least up to 84 h. A medio-lateral boundary may appear at 84 h in the ventral anal plate. No clonal restriction was found in the male analia. 7) At all times, clones could cross between left and right sides of the symmetrical terminalia; they consistently did so via ventral structures. 8) The results are discussed in a phylogenetic context, and we propose that the clonal relations reflect the evolution of the complex genital disc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 63
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Polychaete ; Annelid ; Gametogenesis ; Sex determination ; Gonad differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The prostomium alone or the prostomium and proventriculus of reproductiveTyposyllis pulchra were periodically removed at known stages of oogenesis and the gametes were examined by transmission electron microscopy. If the proventriculus and prostomium were simultaneously removed prior to day 3 of the stolonization sequence, before gonial differentiation, the time reruired for stolon formation and concomitant gametogenesis was shortened; the animals, all of which had previously reproduced as females, produced only ultrastructurally normal sperm. Spermatogenesis in these induced males began earlier in the stolonization period than in normal males. However, the cytological events of spermatogenesis were not accelerated. When the same operation was performed after differentiated oocytes were present, gamete cytodifferentiation and development time did not appear to be affected and the animals remained female. Removal of the prostomium alone, formerly thought to have no effect, caused high mortality and if removed prior to day 3 appeared to prevent both stolonization and gametogenesis. Ultrastructural investigation of these animals shows that gonads are maintained, but that gonial cells fail to differentiate or produce gametes. The subsequent removal of the proventriculus and regenerating prostomium from these animals allows them to mature as induced males. This suggests a prostomial role in regulating the endocrine activity of the proventriculus during the reproductive cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 95-102 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Mitotic gradients ; Yolk movements ; Insect embryo ; Morphogenetic movements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Fifteen movements of egg ooplasm occur prior to the formation of the embryo of the beetle,Callosobruchus maculatus. These movements are associated with nuclear division taking place before formation of the embryo. Yolk globules exhibit a coordinated pattern of saltation and quiescence with these movements. The significance of this yolk activity for the movement of nuclei within the yolk mass is discussed. During the syncytial blastoderm stage the surface of the egg is infolded around the surface nuclei. Nuclear division during this period appears to produce localized stretching of the surface which in turn results in a “yolk contraction”. Division is parasynchronous and patterned with a wave of anaphase configurations spreading across the egg. The significance of such “mitotic gradients” to patterning of insect segments is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 137-142 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Regeneration ; Moulting ; Chemotactile Sensillum ; Arachnida ; Gluvia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The hair regeneration of a chemotactile sensillum was studied in the sunspiderGluvia during moulting. The sensilla in the old cuticle remain connected to the epidermis by dendrites which extend outwards during apolysis. The trichogen cells forming the new hairshaft in the exuvial space grow along the chemoreceptive dendrites, while the mechanoreceptive dendrites run separately. Morphogenetic aspects are discussed in comparison to results from other arthropods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 159-162 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Vitellogenin ; Hemagglutinin properties ; Yolk formation ; Insects ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The sugar binding properties of 2 important vitellogenic proteins in Colorado beetle hemolymph were demonstrated by hemagglutination and precipitation experiments. The agglutination of human red blood cells by the hemolymph of reproducing females was observed up to a hemolymph dilution of 1/256, irrespective of the blood-group. It increased significantly after trypsinization of the crythrocytes. Vitellogenin 1 was identified as the hemagglutinin. Hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition tests showed that this protein has a low affinity for hexosamines and a higher affinity for sulfated polysaccharides. Precipitation tests demonstrated that besides vitellogenin, another major yolk protein, chromoprotein 2, reacts with sulfated polysaccharides. The possibility that there is a specific reaction of the vitellogenic proteins with well defined saccharides on the oocyte surface is discussed. This lectintype reaction may explain the selectivity of yolk precursor endocytosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 176-184 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Trout ; Optic nerve ; Myelination ; Glial cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The development of the trout optic nerve is quantitatively described from early ontogenesis into adulthood. The nerve is oval in cross section until stage 34, thereafter the formation of vertically aligned parallel folds can be observed and thus the unique shape of a folded ribbon is gradually attained. Quantitative measurements revealed a linear increase in cross sectional area, caused in part by the formation of new folds and in part by an increase in size of the preexisting ones. We attribute the continuous expansion of individual folds to an increase in fiber size subsequent to myelination rather than to the addition of new fibers. The total number of glial cells increased concomitantly per fold. Myelinogenesis starst at stage 33 with the ensheathement of axons beginning at the dorsal edge of the primary fold and follows a highly ordered pattern throughout development, strictly succeeding neural outgrowth. The functional significance of this pattern is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 169-175 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Volvox Development ; Glycoproteins ; Glycosylation ; Tunicamycin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The involvement of protein glycosylation in regulation of the development of the multicellular green alga,Volvox carteri, was studied using the antibiotic, tunicamycin. Three specific developmental processes were found to be affected by the antibiotic: reproductive cell maturation; establishment of polar cellular organization during embryogenesis and release of progeny spheroids from the parental spheroids. Tunicamycin inhibited the transfer of GlcNAc-1-phosphate to dolichyl phosphate which is catalyzed byVolvox membrane preparations. Changes in the glycosylation of several secreted and cellular glycoproteins were observed when proteins were labelled with radioactive amino acids and sugars in the absence and presence of tunicamycin and then electrophoresed on sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide slab gels. The levels of a few secreted proteins were reduced in tunicamycin treated cultures and one protein band appeared exclusively in the treated cells. Tunicamycin treatment also altered the electrophoretic mobility of radio-iodinated surface macromolecules. Binding of concanavalin A by tunicamycin treatedVolvox spheroids was drastically reduced. It is there-fore likely that the aberrant development results from inhibition of protein glycosylation and the consequent changes in the structure of the cellular, secreted and surface glycoproteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 191-201 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Neurogenic mutants ; Maternal effects ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The size of the neurogenic region ofDrosophila melanogaster is under the control of several genes of zygotic expression. Lack of function from any of those genes produces an increase of the size of the neurogenic region at the expense of the epidermal anlage. However, differences exist in the extent of neuralisation achieved by each of the genetic loci upon mutation. The present results show that in the case ofN andmam phenotype differences are due to different contributions of maternal gene expression. This could be shown by studying the phenotype which appeared in mutant embryos when the oocytes developed from homozygous mutant precursor cells. Clones of mutant cells were induced in the germ line of females heterozygous for the neurogenic mutationin trans over germ line dependent, dominant female sterile mutations. After removing maternal information the phenotype ofN andmam mutants became identical in both cases. Furthermore maternal information fromN + was found to be necessary for viability of the wildtype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 205-207 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Chitin inhibition ; Nikkomycin ; Cuticle ; Electron microscopy ; Epilachna varivestis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nucleoside antibiotic nikkomycin has proved to be an effective inhibitor of chitin synthesis in the Mexican bean beetleEpilachna varivestis. Ultrastructural investigations show defects in the procuticular area after nikkomycin application which suggest the complete absence of chitin. A cuticle like this is inflexible and too brittle to satisfy its normal function as an exoskeleton. The individuals are not able to free themselves from the exuvia and finally die. Therefore nikkomycin seems to be a potential insecticide with high specifity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 215-221 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Axolotl oocyte ; Meiotic maturation ; Grey crescent ; Cycloheximide ; activation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effects of cycloheximide (CH) on grey crescent formation in artificially maturedAmbystoma mexicanum oocytes were determined. CH induced grey crescent formation after a few hours, especially after a 45° to 90° rotation from the vertical animal-vegetal axis. With low concentrations of CH (about 0.5 ng/oocyte), meiosis was still able to proceed normally to the stable second metaphase stage, but higher concentrations blocked it after 1st polar body extrusion and an interphasic nucleus appeared. Such effects were compared to those of inactone, an analogue of cycloheximide, which as a pure substance does not inhibit protein synthesis, but still contained a small amount of CH in the available samples. It is concluded that grey crescent formation can occur in non-activated oocytes. The effects of cycloheximide might be due to partial inhibition of protein synthesis and the presence of a proteinic inhibitor of the symmetry reaction in the normal oocyte is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 3-14 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Les durées du stade-œuf, des stades larvaires et du stade nymphal ont été mesurées chez la GuêpeParischnogaster mellyi dont la durée moyenne de développement est d'environ 53 jours. Les mesures de largeur de tête laissent penser qu'il y a seulement 3 ou 4 stades larvaires. Les œufs sont déposés dans la cellule au moyen des pièces buccales. La sécrétion blanche qui accompagne les œufs et les jeunes larves de Sténogastrine provient de l'extrémité du gaster. La glande de Dufour est peut-être la source de cette sécrétion. Nous avons observé que le nombre de mâles est en corrélation positive avec la quantité de couvain. Une proportion importante de couvain a disparu, apparemment surtout à cause du cannibalisme des membres de la colonie. Le nombre maximum d'œufs et de larves dont peut s'occuper une femelle est de 8 ou 9.
    Notes: Summary The duration of the egg, larval and pupal stages ofParischnogaster mellyi was established and the mean duration for the whole developmental sequence was found to be about 53 days. Evidence from larval head-widths suggested the presence of only 3 or 4 larval instars. Eggs were observed to be placed in the cell with the mouthparts. The unique white secretion which accompanies stenogastrine eggs and young larvae was observed to be produced from the tip of the gaster. The Dufour's gland is proposed as a possible source of the secretion. The number of males per nest was found to be positively correlated with brood size. A considerable proportion of the brood (84 %) was lost, the majority apparently through cannibalism by colony members. The maximum number of eggs+larvae that a single female could look after was found to be 8 or 9.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 124-124 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 138-147 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ameisennesterverlegung wurde in einem Laubwald in den östlichen Vereinigten Staaten studiert. Nester wurden durch Tuna Köder lokalisiert und alle 2–3 Wochen auf die anhaltende Bewodung oder Verlassen von den Kolonien geprüft. Halbwertzeite der Nest für 4 Arten wurden berechnet und zeigten Veränderungen von 12,9 Tagen fürTapinoma sessile zu 89,9 Tagen fürFormica subsericea. Auswanderungsentfernungen der sich fortbewegenden Kolonien wurden gemessen. Jede der beobachteten Arten im Wald zeigten kürzere Auswander ungsentfernungen als ihre durchschnittliche furagierenden Entfernungen. Andere Forscher haben auch Kolonieverlegungen anderer Ameisenarten geprüft und diese Beobachtungen wurden auf die gesamte Verhaltungswichtigkeit geprüft. Es ergab sich, daß die Bewegung der Ameisenkolonien eine übliche Erscheinung ist, die öfters in Gattungen auftritt, die eine Mannigfaltigkeit von taxonomischen Gruppen in sehr verschiedenen Standorten darstellen.
    Notes: Summary Ant nest relocation was studied in a decidous forest in the eastern U.S. Nests were located by tuna baiting and were re-checked every 2–3 weeks for continued occupation or desertion by the colonies. Nest half lives for four species were calculated and varied from 12.9 days forTapinoma sessile to 89.9 days forFormica subsericea. Emigration distances were measured when colonies were observed moving. For the forest-dwelling species examined, emigration distances appeared to be shorter than the average foraging distances. Colony movements by other ant species have been noted by other investigators, and these observations were reviewed to assess the overal importance of the behavior. It was found that ant colony movement is a common phenomenon that frequently occurs in species that represent a variety of taxonomic groups and in a wide range of habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 125-137 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Les interactions entre individus du même nid et les différences de comportement entre les castes ont été étudiées dans de jeunes colonies artificielles deLasioglossum zephyrum. Les ouvrières évitent ou quittent les contacts avec les reines plus souvent qu'elles n'évitent les contacts avec d'autres ouvrières. Les reines se tiennent en des lieux où elles peuvent influencer le comportement des autres individus du nid plus fréquemment que ne le font les ouvrières. En outre, les reines font plus souvent des visites brèves aux cellules que les ouvrières. Ces comportements peuvent suggérer que les ouvrières évitent la reine pour réduire la fréquence des contacts avec elle. La forte tendance de la reine de se placer à des endroits où elle peut fortement influencer le comportement des individus du même nid peut être une manifestation de son rôle de coordination des activités des ouvrières. Les visites aux cellules, fréquentes mais brèves, peuvent renseigner la reine sur l'état actuel de chaque cellule. Par suite, il est possible qu'elle utilise ces informations pour modifier le comportement des ouvrières.
    Notes: Summary Nestmate interactions and caste differences in behavior were studied in young, artificial colonies ofLasioglossum zephyrum. Workers avoided or withdrew from interactions with queens more often than from interactions with other workers. Queens sat in locations where they can potentially influence the behavior of nestmates more frequently than did workers. Queens also made more brief visits to cells than did workers. It is hypothesized that workers avoid the queen in order to reduce the frequency of being nudged by her. The queen's tendency to sit in locations where the potential for influencing nestmate behavior is high may be a manifestation of her role as a coordinator of worker activities. Frequent but brief visits to cells may provide the queen with up-todate information on the statuts of each. Later, she may use this information to modify her influence on worker behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 76
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein Vergleichsversuch mit Gruppen meist kurzflügliger Nymphen vonCryptotermes brevis, die entweder aus Amerika oder Australien stammten, ergab signifikante Unterschiede in der Bildung von Ersatzgeschlechstieren in Abhängigkeit von Herkunft der Termiten, Gruppenzusammensetzung und/oder Haltungsbedingungen (insbesondere der Holzdarbietung). Die Unterschiede zeigten sich hauptsächlich in der Zeit, die benötigt wurde, auf Verwaisung zu reagieren. Australische Gruppen bildeten mehr überzählige Neotene als solche aus Amerika, letztere erlitten jedoch grössere Verluste an Nymphen in der Phase der Bildung von Ersatzgeschlechtstieren. In beiden Gruppen überlebte zum Schluss eine etwa gleich grosse Anzahl von Nymphen (neben einem neotenen Paar), jedoch unterschied sich für beide der Mechanismus, mit dem die Zahlen reguliert wurden. Offenbar erlaubten die australischen Gruppen einen höheren Ausdruck des Neotenen-Potentials und die Bestandsregulierung (über das Töten überzähliger Ersatzgeschlechtstiere) setze einnachdem sich die Nymphen in Neotene gehäutet hatten. In amerikanischen Gruppen erfolgte die Bestandsregulierung (durch Abtöten sich differenzierender Nymphen)bevor die Nymphen sich häuteten. Offenbar konnte keine der beiden Gruppen Nymphen davor hindern, überhaupt zu Neotenen determiniert zu werden. Erfolg oder Misserfolg von Haltungsbedingungen und Gruppenzusammensetzung die Erfordernisse für verschiedene Termitenarten zu bieten, unter denen die Kontrollmechanismen voll wirksam werden, mit denen die Zahl der Hätungen in Neotene so niedrig wie möglich gehalten wird, beeinflussen deutlich das Ergebnis solcher Versuche. Vergleiche zwischen Arten sind mit Vorsicht zu ziehen.
    Notes: Summary A comparative experiment with groups of mostly brachypterous nymphs ofCryptotermes brevis, originating either in America or Australia, revealed significant differences in neotenic production attributable to termite source, group composition, and/or maintenance conditions (especially those involving timber presentation). The differences were mainly in the time required to respond to being orphaned. Australian groups produced more supernumerary neotenics than American ones, but the latter suffered a higher nymphal mortality during the phase of neotenic production. In both groups approximately the same number of surviving nymphs (plus the neotenic pair) resulted, but the mechanisms for regulating the numbers were different in the two. Apparently the Australian groups allowed a higher expression of the neotenic potential, and regulation (via the killing of supernumary neotenics) occurredafter the nymphs had moulted into neotenics. In American groups, regulation (through the killing of differentiating nymphs occurredbefore the nymphs underwent ecdysis. Neither of the groups apparently could prevent nymphs from becoming determined toward neotenics. The success or failure of maintenance conditions and group composition in simulating the requirements of different termite species for effective operation of the control mechanisms to keep the number of termites moulting into neotenics as low as possible, clearly influences the outcome of such experiments and dictates caution in making species comparisons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 77
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Le comportement individuel des ouvrières participant à la construction et l'approvisionnement des cellules à couvain ont été étudiés dans des colonies deMelipona favosa favosa (F.). Nous avons trouvé une forte relation entre la construction d'une cellule à couvain et l'approvisionnement massif de cette cellule en nourriture pour les larves: les constructrices les plus actives d'une cellule à couvain étaient aussi les approvisionneuses les plus importantes de cette cellule. Toutes les abeilles participant à l'approvisionnement d'une cellule (5–8 individus) avaient participé auparavant à la construction de cette cellule. A côté des abeilles constructrices-approvisionneuses, d'autres ouvrières sont exclusivement constructrices. Les ouvrières constructrices-approvisionneuses se caractérisent par une activité de construction plus importante et par une augmentation importante de leur activité de construction au cours des derniers stades de construction. Nous rapportons quelques aspects généraux de l'approvisionnement, de l'oviposition et du comportement de la reine et des ouvrières.
    Notes: Summary The behaviour of individual workers participating in the construction and provisioning of brood cells was studied in colonies ofMelipona favosa favosa (F.). A strong linkage at the individual level was found between the building of a brood cell and the subsequent mass-provisioning of this cell with larval food: the most active builders of a brood cell were also the most important provisioners of that cell. All bees that participated in the provisioning of a cell (5–8 individuals) had previously worked on construction of that cell. In addition to the building-provisioning bees, other workers were exclusively building workers. The building-provisioning workers, however, are characterized by their distinctly higher individual building activity and by the fact that they increase their building activity considerably in the final stages of construction. Some general aspects of the provisioning and oviposition process and the behaviour of queen and workers are mentioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 78
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung O.W. Richards hat in letzter Zeit eine exocrine Drüse entdeckt, deren Offnung sich am fünften (Penultimal) Sterniten von Weibchen befindet. Diese Insekten gehören zu einer ganzen Zahl von Polybiine Wespen Arten. Wir beschreiben hier die Morphologie einer Drüse, bestimmt durch Licht-Microscopie, in vier Arten vonPolybia. Die Drüsenzellen haben individuelle Offnungen an der Oberfläche des Sterniten, wo ihre Absonderung in einem von der intersegmentalen Membrane Behälter aufgehoben wird. Die Anderungen in der sternalen Cuticula, wo sich die Drüsenöffnung befindet, wurden in 12Polybia Arten mit dem Elektronen-mikroskop untersucht. Wir fanden 2 Typen von Anderungen: bei 5 Arten öffnet sich die Drüse in eine transverse Rinne, und bei 7 Arten bildet die Cuticula aufrechte Schuppen. Es hat den Anschein daß Drüsen dort grösser sind wo Rinnen vorkommen, obwohl das Insekt an sich nicht grösser ist.
    Notes: Summary O.W. Richards recently discovered an exocrine gland that opens on the fifth (penultimate) sternite of females of many species of polybiine wasps. Recent experimental evidence indicates that this gland produces the trail pheromone used to guide the swarm during emigration to a new nest site. In the present paper we describe the morphology of the gland in four species ofPolybia as seen using light microscopy. The gland cells open via individual ducts onto the surface near the anterior margin of the sternite, where their secretion is evidently stored in a reservoir formed by the intersegmental membrane. The modifications of the sternal cuticle associated with the gland opening, which we examined in 12Polybia species using scanning electron microscopy, are of two types: in five species the gland opens into a transverse groove, while in the other seven the cuticle is raised into erect scales. There is some evidence that the groove type is correlated with larger gland size; there is only a poor correlation with larger body size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 352-357 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In order to study the effect of early relations between foundresses ofPolistes gallicus on the formation of polygynic associations, associations obtained in two situations were compared: - between former nestmates taken out of the same hibernation group; - between unrelated wasps which have had no prior contact. The numbers of associations observed in both cases were not significantly different. Apparently, the tendency to associate is not influenced by the early experience of foundresses. In the field, the closeness of foundresses relatedness would result from a tendency to return to the home site rather than a discrimination of nestmates or hibernation mates.
    Notes: Resume Pour éprouver l'effet de la mise en contact précoce et prolongée de fondatrices potentielles dePolistes gallicus sur la formation des associations de fondation, on compare les associations obtenues dans deux situations: - d'une part entre guêpes nées sur un même nid et ayant hiverné ensemble; - d'autre part, entre guêpes ne s'étant jamais recontrées. Les nombres d'associations observés dans les deux cas ne sont pas significativement différents. On peut en conclure à l'indépendance de l'expérience précoce des guêpes et du mode de formation des associations de fondation. Dans la nature, le haut degré de parenté entre guêpes associées résulterait d'un phénomène de retour sur les lieux de naissance plutôt que d'une discrimination des compagnes de nid ou d'hivernage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 80
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A study of the ant population in a sector of the Sierra Morena (South Spain) has been made. The objective of this work is to study the influence that a biotic factor (vegetation) and an abiotic one (exposure) may have on the distribution of these species. In order to carry out these experiments a stratified sampling in the main existing combinations between the vegetation units and their exposure was made. The analysis of the correspondances has made it possible to distinguish the indicative species of the main kinds of vegetation of the studied area (pasture, pine plantation and zone exposed to flooding). Through the analysis of the data, when the samples of the zone exposed to flooding are excluded, it is possible to distinguish the indicative species of areas where the bushwood or the pasture are dominant, as well as the ones indicative of areas with different exposure. It is not possible to distinguish indicative species of the previously established sectors in the repopulated zone. This could be interpreted as a consequence of the homogeneization due to human management.
    Abstract: Resumen Se ha realizado un estudio de las poblaciones de hormigas de un sector de Sierra Morena central (Sur de España). El trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la influencia que un factor de tipo abiótico (exposición) y otro biótico (vegetacion) tienen sobre la distribución de estas especies. Para ello se ha realizado un muestreo estratificado en las principales combinaciones existentes entre las unidades de vegetación presentes en la zona de estutio y su exposición. El análisis de correspondencias ha permitido, en primer lugar, separar las especies indicadoras de los principales tipos de vegetación de la zona (pastizal, repoblación de pinos y zona inundable del río). En el análisis efectuado, cuando se suprimen los inventarios de la zona inundable, se pueden distinguir las especies indicadoras de zonas donde predomina el matorral, ó el pasto herbáceo, así como las que son indicadoras de zonas con exposición a solana ó umbría. Dentro de la zona repoblada no es posible distinguir especies indicadoras de los sectores previamente establecidos, lo que puede interpretarse como una consecuencia de la homogeneización debida al manejo humano.
    Notes: Resume Le but de ce travail est d'étudier l'influence d'un facteur biotique (la végétation) et d'un facteur abiotique (l'exposition) sur la distribution des espèces de fourmis dans une zone de la Sierra Morena Centrale (Sud de l'Espagne). Pour cela, on a réalisé des échantillonnages stratifiés dans chaque unité de végétation, en soulane et en ombrée. L'analyse des correspondances a permis d'abord de séparer les espèces trouvées dans les principaux types de végétation de la zone d'étude (pâturage, reboisement de pins et zone inondée le long d'une rivière). Quand on supprime les relevés des endroits inondables, on peut distinguer les espèces indicatrices des zone où prédominent soit le maquis («matorral») soit le pâturage («dehesa»), ainis que celles des zones exposées en soulane ou en ombrée. Dans la zone reboisée, il est impossible de distinguer des espèces indicatrices des associations végétales caractéristiques du milieu, ce qui peut s'interpréter comme une conséquence de l'homogénéisation due aux pratiques culturales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 422-444 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Intensity and seasonal variation of the visiting by ants of 12 shrub and tree species, viz. Box, Junipers, Oaks, Beech, Pines and Cedar, have been studied at Mont-Ventoux (Vaucluse), at 12 sites ranging in altitude from 450 to 1 550 m. At least 23 of the 40 non-arboricolous ant species recorded on the sites forage on shrubs and trees, and at least 10 of them may do it intensively. All the plants studied, except perhaps Beech, may be heavily foraged, but there is a large inter-sites variability. The seasonal variation of the foraging activity of the ants varies according to the plant species, Box being, for example, strongly foraged earlier than other species, because of the particular nature (nectaries) of its main food resource. It also varies according to the ant species: some of them such asLasius niger almost completely cease to visit shrubs and trees as early as August, others such asCrematogaster auberti may still rather strongly visit them at the beginning of October. Finally, it varies from one site to another, even when the altitude factor is excluded. Some information is given about the food resources exploited by the various ant species on the different plants.
    Notes: Resume L'intensité et l'évolution saisonnière de la fréquentation par les fourmis de 12 espèces d'arbustes et d'arbres (buis, genévriers, chênes, hêtre, pins, cèdre) ont été étudiées au Mont-Ventoux (Vaucluse), dans 12 stations s'étageant de 450 à 1 550 m d'altitude. Des 40 espèces de fourmis non arboricoles peuplant ces stations, 23 au moins visitent la végétation arbustive et arborescente. Cette activité peut être importante chez 10 au moins d'entre elles. Tous les végétaux étudiés, sauf peut-être le hêtre, sont susceptibles d'être fortement exploités, mais on observe à cet égard une large variabilité interstationnelle. L'évolution saisonnière de l'activité d'affouragement des fourmis varie selon le végétal: le buis est ainsi plus précocement exploité intensivement que les autres ligneux, ceci en raison de la nature particulière (nectaires) de sa principale source de nourriture. Elle varie également selon l'espèce de fourmis: certaines commeLasius niger cessent presque complètement de visiter la végétation haute dès le mois d'août, d'autres commeCrematogaster auberti peuvent encore la visiter assez intensivement au début du mois d'octobre. Elle varie enfin d'une station à l'autre, même lorsque le facteur altitude ne joue pas. Des indications sont données concernant les sources de nourriture exploitées par les diverses espèces sur les différents végétaux.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 465-474 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Nous avons étudié en détail l'effet de l'âge sur la production d'œufs chez les ouvrières privées de reine. 1. Les ouvrières les plus âgées dans une colonie (l'âge est établi selon l'usure des mandibules) pondent très peu d'œufs. Une mortalité très élevée parmi ces fourmis et une usure de plus en plus avancée des mandibules pour toutes les classes, à la fin de l'expérience, confirment la validité de l'usure des mandibules en tant qu'indice de l'âge des ouvrières. 2. Les ouvrières fourrageuses produisent généralement moins d'œufs que les ouvrières nourrices, mais des facteurs autres que l'âge gouvernent la répartition du travail. Ces facteurs, qui sont discutés, expliquent probablement la tendance des fourrageuses à avoir des ovaires plus petits que les nourrices, bien qu'une régression des ovaires quisse se produire. 3. Quelques ouvrières pondent déjà des œufs trois semaines après la naissance. Quelques œufs alimentaires se rencontrent parmi ceux-ci, mais seulement au cours des semaines où les œufs reproducteurs sont aussi pondus. Les jeunes ouvrières pondent moins d'œufs que les ouvrières qui ont hiverné. Celles qui paraissent ne pas en pondre ont de grands ovaires avec des ovocytes: il se peut donc qu'elles pondent des œufs alimentaires et qu'elles les mangent immédiatement. 4. Presque tous les œufs produits par les jeunes ouvrières dans une colonie viennent de celles qui naissent les premières.
    Notes: Summary The effect of age on the egg production of workers kept without queens was investigated. 1. The oldest workers in a colony as determined by mandible wear laid very few eggs. A higher mortality amongst these, compared with younger, ants and a greater degree of mandible wear seen in all classes on completion of the experiment confirmed the validity of mandible wear as an index of worker age. 2. Forager workers generally produced fewer eggs than nurse workers but factors other than age govern division of labour and these factors are discussed. Such factors probably explain the tendency for foragers to contain smaller ovaries than nurses although regression of ovaries could be occurring. 3. Some workers laid eggs as early as three weeks after eclosion. A few trophic eggs occurred amongst these, but only in weeks when reproductive eggs were also laid. Callow workers laid fewer eggs than overwintered workers and those that apparently laid none contained large ovaries with developing ova, so they may have been laying trophic eggs and consuming them immediately. 4. Almost all eggs produced by callow workers in a colony were from those which ecloded first.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 524-534 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A distint response is evoked in workers ofMyrmica rubra by the last visible sternite of other workers. This sternite contains a short-range attractant that incites the ants to walk rapidly and increases the efficacity of the trail substance emitted by the poison gland. These activities are due to a still unidentified chemical substance, which is soluble in acetone and present on the sternite.
    Notes: Resume Une activité éthologique particulière a été reconnue, chezM. rubra, pour le dernier sternite visible de l'abdomen de l'ouvriére. Ce sternite s'est avéré être attracif à courte distance, inciter les fourmis à se déplacer rapidement, et augmenter l'efficité de la substance de piste issue de la glande à poison. Ces effets sont dûs à l'existence, au niveau du sternite considéré, d'un facteur chimique encore inconnu et pouvant être extrait à l'acétone. Il nous faut encore découvrir le(s) rôle(s) exact(s) de ce facteur dans la vie de la société, et l'isoler en vue de son identification chimique ultérieure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 402-421 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A medium-sized colony ofFormica polyctena Förster, characterized by a rate of 10 workers leaving the nest per sec at 15°C, consists of 1 070 queens and 838 000 workers (among them 43% outdoor workers), with a biomass of 3,3 kg or 8.104 kJ in summer, and produces 12 000 sexuals and 635 000 workers annually. It utilizes a foraging area of 0,25–0,5 ha. The following values for an annual energy budget have been estimated: consumption C=95.104 kJ, excreta and excrements FU=1–4.104kJ, production P=4–6.104 kJ, energy loss in metabolism (respiration) R=85–90.104 kJ. The respiration coefficient (R/P=14–23) is higher than in most other poikilothermes. This is, at least partly, due to the fact, that in the summer more than half of the workers are staying inside of the nest within regions characterized by elevated and rather constant temperatures.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein mittelgroßes Volk vonFormica polyctena Förster, das durch eine Frequenz von 10 auslaufenden Arbeiterinnen pro sec bei 15°C charakterisiert ist, besteht aus 1 070 Königinnen und 838 000 Arbeiterinnen (davon 43 % Außendienstarbeiterinnen) mit einer Biomasse von 3,3 kg oder 8.104kJ im Sommer und produziert jährlich 12 000 Geschlechtstiere und 635 000 Arbeiterinnen. Es besitzt einen Auslaufbereich von 0,25–0,5 ha. Folgende Werte für die Energiebilanz eines Jahres wurden ermittelt: Consumption C=95.104 kJ, Exkrete und Exkremente FU=1–4.104 kJ, Produktion P=4–6.104 kJ. Energieverbrauch im Steffwechsel (Respiration) R=85–90.104 kJ. Der Respirationskoeffizient (R/P=14–23) ist höher als bei den meisten anderen Poikilothermen. Dies ist zumindest teilweise darauf zurückzuführen, daß sich im Sommer mehr als die Hälfte der Arbeiterinnen in Nestbereichen mit erhöhten und annähernd konstanten Temperaturen aufhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 455-464 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Nous avons étudié en détail le rôle des larves du troisième stade sur la production d'œufs chez les ouvrières. 1. La présence d'un petit nombre de petites larves augmente la production d'œufs chez les ouvrières. Mais, dès que le nombre de petites larves dépasse un chiffre optimum, la production d'œufs diminue. 2. Un nombre réduit de grandes larves n'augmente pas la production d'œufs autant que le font les petites larves. Il la fait parfois diminuer. 3. Après trois semaines passées à élever un petit nombre de petites larves, les ouvrières privées de larves produisent plus d'œufs que celles auxquelles on laisse des larves. 4. Il n'y a pas de rapport clair entre le développement ovarien des ouvrières et le nombre de larves élevées, bien qu'il soit habituellement significatif. 5. Quand les ouvrières élèvent des nombres différents de petites larves après en avoir élevées très peu, le pourcentage de fourmis qui ont de grands ovaires est corrélé négativement à la proportion larves/ouvrières. Cependant, comme dans toutes les autres expériences, la plupart des œufs tendent à être pondus dans des nids où il y a un grand pourcentage de fourmis avec de grands ovaires. 6. Les fourmis ayant de grands ovaires n'ont la tête significativement plus large que celles avec de petits ovaires que si elles n'ont pas élevé de larves. 7. Ces résultats sont discutés par rapport à des recherches précédentes surMyrmica ruginodis etPlagiolepis spp. Nous avançons les explications possibles pour rendre compte des différences.
    Notes: Summary The effect of third-instar larvæ on the egg production of workers was investigated. 1. The presence of a small number of small larvæ increased worker egg production, but, as the number of small larvæ present increased past an optimum number, egg production was decreased. 2. Small numbers of large larvæ increased egg production less than did small larvæ and sometimes reduced it. 3. Following three weeks' experience of raising small numbers of small larvæ, workers then kept without larvæ produced more eggs than those kept with larvæ. 4. There was no clear relationship between worker ovary development and the number of larvæ being raised although the relationship was usually significant. 5. When workers raised different numbers of small larvæ after three weeks' experience of raising small numbers, the percentage of ants containing large ovaries was negatively correlated with the larvae: worker ratio. However, as in all other experiments, there was a tendency for most eggs to be laid in nests where there was a high percentage of ants with large ovaries. 6. Ants containing large ovaries had significantly larger headwidths than those with small ovaries only if they had not been rearing larvæ. 7. The results are discussed in relation to previous research onMyrmica ruginodis andPlagiolepis spp. and possible explanations for differences are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 626-641 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Climate ; Ozone ; Photochemical model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the effects on the ozone concentration and surface temperature, of perturbations in the atmospheric content of nitrous oxide, methane, carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC). The sensitivity study has been carried out with a radiative-convective-photochemical model. The doubling of carbon dioxide concentration has the effect of warming the troposphere and cooling the stratosphere. As a result of this cooling, the change of ozone columnar density produced by 10 ppb of chlorine amount to 9.3% as compared to −10.9% obtained without temperature feedback. Perturbation in nitrous oxide correspond to an increase in NO x of the stratosphere with consequent ozone reduction while doubling the methane concentration correspond to a slight increase in columnar density. The effect of the increased methane concentration in the stratosphere contributes to reduce the effect of CFC due to the enhanced formation of HCl. The perturbation of these two minor constituents appreciably increase the greenhouse effect to 2.30 from 1.67°, obtained when carbon dioxide alone is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 758-771 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Diffusion ; Turbulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Dye plumes were generated at three depths in the seasonal thermocline between 7 and 11 m, 22 km south of Key West on 21 August 1980 and photographed at about 10 second intervals with an underwater camera system. Eleven pairs of consecutive pictures are analyzed to determine the mean current vertical shear and the width of the plumes by positioning reference points relative to the rod attached to the camera system. The relative distances of reference points are calibrated with the stereophotogrammetric method for one pair. The eddy diffusivity is calculated by use of a model of turbulent diffusion developed byTaylor (1921). Its values range from 5 to 25 cm2s−1 for the plume widths ranging from 33 to 132 cm. The Richardson number is calculated for each pair of pictures with the vertical density gradient estimated from temperature profiles. Its values are higher than the critical value of 0.25 except for one case. The diffusivity was higher by orders of magnitude than the molecular one and indicates the presence of turbulence together with billow like features of the plumes in spite of high Richardson numbers. This suggests that the billow turbulence might be caused by effects of surface gravity waves and not by the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 852-1198 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 89
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Groundwater recharge ; Bomb tritium in groundwater
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The bomb tritium (3H) distribution patterns in the aquifer beneath an abandoned landfill at the Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Borden, Ontario, and in a sandy aquifer at Whiteshell Nuclear Research Establishments (WNRE) Pinawa, Manitoba, all in Canada, were delineated in great detail. A sampling and monitoring network of multilevel samplers and bundle piezometers were used. The directions of groundwater flow were established, and the boundary between the tritiated and non-tritiated zones of the two aquifers were closely demarcated. Using a cumulative mass balance method, the3H input mass into the aquifers was compared with the3H mass in groundwater storage to estimate the percentages of annual groundwater recharge from 1953 to 1978. Two recharge calculations for theeffective recharge zone and thetotal recharge area of the aquifers as established from the flownet analysis, and the distributions of dissolved geochemical constitutents showed that theeffective recharge zone calculations gave higher values of 30.6 cm/yr for CFB Borden and 20.1 cm/yr for WNRE while thetotal recharge areas gave lower values of 19.1 and 10.1 cm/yr for the Borden and WNRE aquifers respectively. The two recharge values provide possible minimum and maximum recharge estimates for the two study areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 348-364 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Numerical modelling ; VLF and VLF-R methods ; Harmonic electromagnetic field
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the paper, the mathematical tools, used for the modelling of the electromagnetic field of the harmonic plane wave in the two-dimensional inhomogeneous medium (the case ofE-polarization), are presented. Further, the resolving power of some parameters, that are measured in the VLF and VLF-R methods, is compared in the case of two vertical conductive dykes. To this aim, all the usual parameters of the VLF method and the most important parameter of the VLF-R method (ρα) have been chosen. Two groups of models that differ in resistivities have been considered. In each of the groups the distance of the dykes is variable. The parameters |H y|, which has shown most promising in this respect, is examined also from the point of view of the sensibility to geological noise. The results of the modelling are illustrated by two examples of the results of field measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 407-421 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Atmospheric aerosol ; Size distribution ; Rocket measurements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Rocket-borne ultraviolet photometers operating at λ=0.31 μm have been used at Thumba (8°33′N, 76°52′E) to make measurements of atmospheric scattering at tropospheric and lower stratospheric altitudes. Measurements could be made of the amplitude of the scattered fluxes and the angular distribution up to an altitude of about 24 km on three rocket flights conducted as part of the 16 February 1980 solar eclipse campaign. These measurements have been used to study the size distribution as well as the number densities of aerosols in the troposphere and lower stratosphere over Thumba.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 503-526 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Local and katabatic winds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Dumont d'Urville on the Antarctic coast is an area well known for the presence of strong katabatic winds. Since the austral summer 1979/80 a US-French joint experiment has been investigating the katabatic wind in this region. In early 1980 three automatic weather stations (AWS) were installed along a trajectory from Dome Charlie to Dumont d'Urville. Measurements from these stations include air pressure, temperature, wind speed and direction at ground level only. To supplement these data with information regarding the vertical structure and the advective changes in the katabatic flow, two airborne missions were undertaken in November 1980 along a route from Dome Charlie (Dome C) to Dumont d'Urville. In this paper measurements from these two flights are reported and comparisons made with theoretical models of katabatic flow. The data suggest that equilibrium katabatic flow was not established during these two flights. Downslope acceleration of the wind was particularly marked on 20 November, and a hydraulic jump was encountered in the vicinity of Dumont d'Urville. Relative humidity along the trajectory decreased as the coast was approached consistent with the rapid rise in adiabatic temperature. Simultaneously the absolute moisture content of the air increased indicative of net moisture influx. One source of the moisture increase is the evaporation of blowing snow especially in the intense wind region of the coastal slope near Dumont d'Urville.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 577-582 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Synthetic seismograms ; Irpinia Earthquake of November 23, 1980 ; Isoseismals ; Focal mechanism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract With the use of complete synthetic seismograms for the SH component of motion we have constructed theoretical isoseismals. We have assumed a double-couple point source as determined from first arrivals of P waves. Lateral heterogeneities around the source were also considered. In fact, the crustal part of the model used to compute synthetic seismograms to the west of the Bradano foretrough was significantly different from the one used to synthesize seismograms to the east of the foretrough. Even with such a simple approach, the comparison between theoretical and experimental data is surprisingly good, indicating that the isoseismals' elongation, parallel to the Apennines, depends mainly upon the fault orientation, while the effect of local structures introduces relatively small perturbations in the radiation pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 615-625 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Quasi biennial oscillations ; Total ozone ; Tropical meteorology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Regular measurements of the atmospheric ozone in the Brazilian sector were started at Cachoeira Paulista (22.7°S, 45.0°W), and Natal (5.8°S, 35.2°W) in May 1974 and November 1978, respectively. The results of the total ozone measurements carried out at these two stations up to 1981 are presented in this communication and compared with other low-and mid-latitude stations. Although Natal is an equatorial station, it presents a prominent annual variation, and the average total ozone content is high compared to satellite measurements. During 1977–78, abnormally low values of total ozone were observed at Cachoeira Paulista. Some preliminary results about the QBO 9quasi-biennial oscillation) during 1974–81 are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 673-681 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Atmospheric electricity ; Neutral droplets ; Tropical meteorology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Streamers were injected into a large population of small droplets, of radii about 20 μm, confined to a given region of pre-determined shape on a photographic film, and situated in a gap between which a variable electric field can be applied. Results showed that the droplet region behaves like a dipole discharging from both ends if its inclination to the electric field is less than 45° and the field is not less than −230 kV/m at atmospheric pressure. We deduced that streamer intensification will occur at relatively low fields if there exists pockets of large number density of small droplets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Stratospheric aerosol ; Stratospheric electric conductivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Profiles of electrical conductivity in the troposphere and stratosphere were measured by balloon-borne conductivity sondes at Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany, from January to May, 1980, when volcanic activity was low. The aerosol concentration has been deduced from the relative decrease of conductivity from surrounding values by assuming the effective attachment coefficient of ions to aerosols. A prominent decrease of the conductivity near the tropopause is usually observed indicating high concentrations of Aitken particles (500–1000 cm−3). A decrease of conductivity, well above the tropopause, is sometimes observed, probably due to the transport of tropospheric Aitken particles with high concentration (200–400 cm−3) into the stratosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 29-53 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Ozone ; Satellite ; Trend
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The information content of the 7-year BUV data set has been reexamined by a comparison with a fairly large set of ground Dobson and M-83 instruments. The satellite-ground intercomparison of total ozone was done under different types of ground observation techniques (observation code) and different instrument exposure (exposure code) and for various distances of the subsatellite point from the station. Because of the existing latitudinal gradient in total ozone, at a given station the bias ground-BUV tends to be smaller when the subsatellite point is at a latitude higher than the station's latitude. Knowing the total ozone gradient at a given station, the BUV total ozone has been corrected to account for the ozone gradient and the correlation was calculated with the corresponding ground observations. These correlations seem to offer no improvement when compared with the correlations between the ground ozone and the actual BUV ozone at distances of the subsatellite point from the station within 200 km from the station used in previous studies. The seasonal variation of the BUV-ground correlation reveals information on the noise level of the measurements and the geographical distribution of the percentage mean bias: (Ground-BUV)×100/(Ground) is discussed. Both on short and on longer time scales it appears that the BUV derived ‘recommended total ozone’ data set is reasonably good and possible instrumental drifts are not large. The analysis includes an extension through April 1977 of the BUV and contour-derived total ozone trends byLondon andLing (1980). Over the northern hemisphere both data sets (contour and BUV) show comparable trends over middle and high latitudes which range from −3 D.U./year to −5 D.U./year during the 7-year period April 1970–April 1977. In the southern hemisphere, however, long-term variation in total ozone cannot be determined from ground observations alone. It is concluded that for unknown reasons during the 7-year period of study, total ozone has been decreasing over most of the globe. The negative growth rates at high latitudes of the northern hemisphere are highly significant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 809-819 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Microearthquakes ; Velocity-ratio ; Wadati plot ; Poisson's ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The regional variation of the seismic velocity-ratio (γ) over a 200 km long traverse has been studied by means of microearthquake surveys. The Wadati-plot method is used with a minimum of four P and S arrivals for each of 49 earthquakes. The area as a whole is found to be characterized by a γ value of 1.74–1.76 for earthquakes of depth 12–40 km, except in a 50 km long section near Wellington, where γ is low at 1.60. This low γ has been attributed to the fault zones in the region. A small change of γ is observed between the upper crust (≤5 km) and lower crust (≥12 km), but there is no change of γ between the lower crust and uppermost mantle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 25-33 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Aggression of workers towards certainMonomorium pharaonis queens appeared in artificially mixed laboratory colonies. Experiments showed that both worker breeding behaviour and aggression is strongly related to the functional life stage of queens, and not to the degree of colony relationship. The more attractive the correct queens are, the stronger is their control over the workers. If worker and queen populations do not correspond, worker reaction leads to a desynchronization of the breeding cycle (prolongation of the interval to the next breeding of sexuals) or in cases of extreme disparity, aggression against the queens, leading to their death. The importance for the regulation of the breeding cycle and for the exchange of queens in this highly polygynous ant is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Durch die experimentelle Herstellung von nicht natürlich vorkommenden Mischpopulationen der PharaoameiseMonomorium pharaonis L. konnte Aggressionsverhalten der Arbeiterinnen gegen bestimmte Weibchenkategorien ausgelöst werden. Durch Kombination von Königinnen in bestimmten Funktionszuständen mit Arbeiterinnenpopulationen unterschiedlicher Herkunft konnte gezeigt werden, daß das Brutaufzucht- und Aggressionsverhalten der Arbeiterinnen mit einer recht strengen Fixierung der Arbeiterinnen auf Königinnen in bestimmten Lebensphasen gekoppelt ist, und daß das Auftreten von Aggressionen keine Frage der Koloniezugehörigkeit ist. Diese Fixierung der Arbeiterinnen an ihre entsprechenden Königinnen ist umso enger, je attraktiver die Königinnen sind. Das Verhaltensmuster der Arbeiterinnen bei Anderung des Königinnenbestandes reicht von einer mehr oder weniger starken Desynchronisation des Brutzyklus bis zum Töten nicht adäquater Weibchen. Die Bedeutung dieses Verhaltens der Arbeiterinnen für die Aufrechterhaltung des Brutzyklus, für die Adoption fremder Weibchen und den Austausch genetischen Materials in dieser hochgradig polygynen Sozietät wird diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 95-101 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Dans le groupe d'espèces de FourmisLasius alienus etLasius niger, nous avons trouvé des formes morphologiquement indéterminées, distinctes deLasius alienus etLasius niger du point de vue de l'électrophorèse. Les données suggèrent que ces formes peuvent être soit des hybrides soit une espèce distincte, plutôt que des variations deLasius niger etLasius alienus. Ce travail fait aussi apparaître queLasius alienus est polymorphe quant au nombre de chromosomes, déaouverte déjà faite par un autre auteur, mais non publiée.
    Notes: Summary Morphologically-indeterminant forms in the ant species groupLasius alienus andLasius niger have been found to be distinct from these species electrophoretically, suggesting that they may be either a separate species or hybrids, rather than variants ofL. niger andL. alienus. This work also elicited the discovery thatL. alienus is polymorphic in chromosome number, a discovery, it transpires, already made by another worker but not published.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...