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  • Springer  (225,194)
  • 2005-2009  (225,194)
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  • 1
    Keywords: Biomass conversion ; Biotechnology ; Chemical Engineering ; Chemistry industry ; Industrial Chemistry ; Kent ; Riegel ; biochemical engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: Substantially revising and updating the classic reference in the field, this handbook offers a valuable overview and myriad details on current chemical processes, products, and practices. No other source offers as much data on the chemistry, engineering, economics, and infrastructure of the industry. The Handbook serves a spectrum of individuals, from those who are directly involved in the chemical industry to others in related industries and activities. It provides not only the underlying science and technology for important industry sectors, but also broad coverage of critical supporting topics. Industrial processes and products can be much enhanced through observing the tenets and applying the methodologies found in chapters on Green Engineering and Chemistry (specifically, biomass conversion), Practical Catalysis, and Environmental Measurements; as well as expanded treatment of Safety, chemistry plant security, and Emergency Preparedness. Understanding these factors allows them to be part of the total process and helps achieve optimum results in, for example, process development, review, and modification. Important topics in the energy field, namely nuclear, coal, natural gas, and petroleum, are covered in individual chapters. Other new chapters include energy conversion, energy storage, emerging nanoscience and technology. Updated sections include more material on biomass conversion, as well as three chapters covering biotechnology topics, namely, Industrial Biotechnology, Industrial Enzymes, and Industrial Production of Therapeutic Proteins.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 1562 pages)
    ISBN: 9780387278438
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 543 Seiten)
    Edition: 3. Aufl.
    ISBN: 9783540345251
    Language: German
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  • 3
    Keywords: Air ; Chlor ; GSM-Postponed Project ; Manual ; Oxide ; Water ; bacteria ; microorganism ; pollution ; production ; soil ; toxicity
    Description / Table of Contents: Environmental Chemistry: Fundamentals, by Jorge Ibanez et al., is an exceptionally useful and well organized book. After reviewing basic chemical concepts, Environmental Chemistry: Fundamentals quickly progresses to more advanced and contemporary applications including ozone depletion, physiochemical and biological treatment of pollutants, and green chemistry. The chemistry of processes of the atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere are covered in detail and the effects of pollutants on each of these chemical processes are extensively considered, as are their effects on the biosphere. The book also has an experimental companion, Environmental Chemistry: Microscale Laboratory Experiments, which includes an array of environmental chemistry experiments that can be readily performed at the microscale level. Ideas for additional open-ended projects are provided for all experiments, and they impart a thorough introduction to environmental experimentation. I strongly recommend Environmental Chemistry: Fundamentals and its experimental accompaniment, Environmental Chemistry: Microscale Laboratory Experiments. Dr. Zvi Szafran Vice President for Academic Affairs and Professor of Chemistry Southern Polytechnic State University Our Earth is a remarkable reaction vessel. It is of paramount importance that students grow in their understanding and awareness of the astounding effects that chemistry and biochemistry have on our environment…and why they are so significant to our present and future hopes as a civilization. Environmental Chemistry: Microscale Laboratory Experiments, intended to complement lessons in the companion textbook Environmental Chemistry: Fundamentals, covers the chemical and biochemical processes that take place in air, water, soil, and living systems. The corresponding experiments range from the characterization of aqueous media to pollutant-treatment schemes. For increased safety, as well as for reduced costs, wastes, and environmental damage, the experiments are presented at the microscale level. Pre- and post-laboratory exercises and open-ended projects accompany each experiment, to develop problem-solving skills and initiative among students.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 238 pages)
    ISBN: 9780387494937
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Keywords: Atom ; Fulleren ; Fullerene ; Nanocar ; Nanomaterial ; Nanotube ; Transport ; carbon nanotubes ; electricity
    Description / Table of Contents: The 2007 ARW “Using Carbon Nanomaterials in Clean-Energy Hydrogen Systems” (UCNCEHS’2007) was held in September 22–28, 2007 in the remarkable town Sudak (Crimea, Ukraine) known for its heroic and unusual fate. In the tradition of the earlier conferences, UCNCEHS’2007 meeting served as an multidisciplinary forum for the presentation and discussion of the most recent research on transition to hydrogen-based energy systems, technologies for hydrogen production, storage, utilization, carbon nanomaterials processing and chemical behavior, energy and environmental problems. The aim of UCNCEHS’2007 was to provide the wide overview of the latest scientific results on basic research and technological applications of hydrogen interactions with carbon materials. The active representatives from research/academic organizations and governmental agencies could meet, discuss and present the most recent advances in hydrogen concepts, processes and systems, to evaluate current progress and to exchange academic information, to identify research needs and future development in this important area. This ARW should help further the progress of hydrogen-based science and promote the role of hydrogen and carbon nanomaterials in the energy field.
    ISBN: 9781402088988
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Keywords: Assessment ; Malaria ; Public Health ; Scale ; Weather ; climate change ; public health policy ; temperature
    Description / Table of Contents: Awareness that many key aspects of public health are strongly influenced by climate is growing dramatically, driven by new research and experience and fears of climate change and the research needed to underpin policy developments in area is growing rapidly . This awareness has yet to translate into a practical use of climate knowledge by health policy-makers. Evidence based policy and practice is the mantra of the health sector. If climate scientists are to contribute effectively to health policy at local and global scales then careful empirical studies must be undertaken – focused on the needs of the public health policy and decision-makers. Results presented at the Wengen conference make clear that the science and art of integrating climate knowledge into the control of climate sensitive diseases on a year to year time frame as well as careful assessments of the potential impacts of climate change on health outcomes over longer time frames is advancing rapidly on many fronts. This includes advances in the empirical understanding of mechanisms, methodologies for modeling future impacts, new partnership developments between the health and climate community along with access to relevant data resources, and education and training. In a rapidly evolving field this book provides a snapshot of these emerging themes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 232 pages)
    ISBN: 9781402068775
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Keywords: Computer engineering. ; Computer security. ; Electronic data processing, Distributed processing.
    Pages: xx, 239 p.
    ISBN: 0-387-23917-0
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  • 7
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 9
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    In:  International Association of Geodesy Symposia
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The lAG International Symposium on Gravity, Geoid, and Space Missions 2004 (GGSM2004) was lield in the beautiful city of Porto, Portugal, from 30 August to 3 September 2004. This symposium encompassed the themes of Commission 2 (Gravity Field) of the newly structured lAG, as well as interdisciplinary topics related to geoid and gravity modeling, with special attention given to the current and planned gravi- dedicated satellite missions. The symposium also followed in the tradition of mid-term meetings that were held between the quadrennial joint meetings of the International Geoid and Gravity Commissions. The previous mid-term meetings were the International Symposia on Gravity, Geoid, and Marine Geodesy (Tokyo, 1996), and Gravity, Geoid, and Geodynamics (Banff, 2000). GGSM2004 aimed to bring together scientists from different areas in the geosciences, working with gravity and geoid related problems, both from the theoretical and practical points of view. Topics of interest included the integration of heterogeneous data and contributions from satellite and airborne techniques to the study of the spatial and temporal variations of the gravity field. In addition to the special focus on the CHAMP, GRACE, and GOCE satellite missions, attention was also directed toward projects addressing topographic and ice field mapping using SAR, LIDAR, and laser altimetry, as well as missions and studies related to planetary geodesy.
    Language: English
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  • 10
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 13
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  • 14
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  • 15
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 11.10.Ef Lagrangian and Hamiltonian approach ; 11.55.Ds Exact S matrices ; 13.75.Gx Pion-baryon interactions ; 36.10.-k Exotic atoms and molecules (containing mesons, muons, and other unusual particles)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We study kaonic deuterium, the bound K-d state AK d. Within a quantum field-theoretic and relativistic covariant approach we derive the energy level displacement of the ground state of kaonic deuterium in terms of the amplitude of K-d scattering for arbitrary relative momenta. Near threshold our formula reduces to the well-known DGBT formula. The S-wave amplitude of K-d scattering near threshold is defined by the resonances Λ(1405), Σ(1750) and a smooth elastic background, and the inelastic channels K-d → NY and K-d → NYπ, where Y = Σ±,Σ{0} and Λ{0}, where the final-state interactions play an important role. The Ericson-Weise formula for the S-wave scattering length of K-d scattering is derived. The total width of the energy level of the ground state of kaonic deuterium is estimated using the theoretical predictions of the partial widths of the two-body decays AKd → NY and experimental data on the rates of the NY pair production in the reactions K-d → NY. We obtain Γ{1s} = (630±100)eV. For the shift of the energy level of the ground state of kaonic deuterium we predict ε{1s} = (325±60)eV.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 23.40.-s Beta decay; double beta decay; electron and muon capture ; 13.30.-a Decays of baryons ; 12.15.Hh Determination of Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The apparatus described here, aSPECT, will be used for a measurement of the neutrino-electron angular correlation coefficient a in the decay of free neutrons. The idea of the aSPECT spectrometer is to measure the integrated proton energy spectrum very accurately using an energy filter by electrostatic retardation and magnetic adiabatic collimation. The main ideas of the spectrometer are presented, followed by an explanation of the adiabatic transmission function. Details of the superconducting coil and of the electrode system are given, as well as a discussion of the most important systematic effects: magnetic field and electrostatic potential inhomogeneities, deviation from adiabatic motion, scattering in the residual gas, background, Doppler effect, edge effect, and detector efficiency. Using this spectrometer, the parameter a is planned to be measured with an absolute experimental uncertainty of δa ≈ 3 . 10-4, from which the axial vector to vector coupling constant ratio λ can be determined with an accuracy of δλ ≈ 0.001.
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  • 18
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    The European physical journal 23 (2005), S. 147-190 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.45.+v Few-body systems ; 24.70.+s Polarization phenomena in reactions ; 25.30.Fj Inelastic electron scattering to continuum ; 13.40.-f Electromagnetic processes and properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Polarization observables in inclusive and exclusive electrodisintegration of the deuteron using a polarized beam and an oriented target are systematically surveyed using the standard nonrelativistic framework of nuclear theory but with leading-order relativistic contributions included. The structure functions and the asymmetries corresponding to the various nucleon polarization components are studied in a variety of kinematic regions with respect to their sensitivity to realistic NN-potential models, to subnuclear degrees of freedom in terms of meson exchange currents, isobar configurations and to relativistic effects in different kinematical regions, serving as a benchmark for a test of present standard nuclear theory with effective degrees of freedom.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 11.10.Ef Lagrangian and Hamiltonian approach ; 13.75.Gx Pion-baryon interactions ; 36.10.-k Exotic atoms and molecules (containing mesons, muons, and other unusual particles) ; 26.65.+t Solar neutrinos
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Within the Nuclear Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model of light nuclei (the NNJL model), describing strong low-energy nuclear interactions, we compute the width of the energy level of the ground state of pionic deuterium. The theoretical value fits well the experimental data. Using the cross-sections for the reactions νe + d → p + p + e- and νe + d → p + n + νe, computed in the NNJL model, and the experimental values of the events of these reactions, detected by the SNO Collaboration, we compute the boron neutrino fluxes. The theoretical values agree well with the experimental data and the theoretical predictions within the Standard Solar Model by Bahcall. We argue the applicability of the constraints on the astrophysical factor for the solar proton burning, imposed by helioseismology, to the width of the energy level of the ground state of pionic deuterium. We show that the experimental data on the width satisfy these constraints. This testifies an indirect measurement of the recommended value of the astrophysical factor for the solar proton burning in terrestrial laboratories in terms of the width of the energy level of the ground state of pionic deuterium.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Ft Charge distribution ; 21.10.-k Properties of nuclei; nuclear energy levels ; 21.65.+f Nuclear matter ; 29.40.Mc Scintillation detectors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We report the results of an experimental search for spontaneous transition of nuclei from ordinary to superdense state in NaI(Tl). New limits on the superdense-state parameters are presented.
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  • 21
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    The European physical journal 23 (2005), S. 33-39 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 23.20.Lv γ transitions and level energies ; 27.60.+j 90 ⩽ A ⩽ 149
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The low-lying levels in 127La have been studied through the β-decay of 127Ce ( T1/2 = 29s) produced by bombarding a natMo target with a 185-MeV 35Cl beam. Reaction products were on-line mass-separated, and γ-ray singles and γ-γ coincidence measurements were performed. Conversion electrons were also measured and multipolarities of transitions have been derived. The half-life of the 210.9-keV level was determined to be (1.9±0.3)ns by the β-γ delayed coincidence technique. The level scheme obtained has been compared with calculations based on the Nilsson model.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 29.30.Kv X- and γ-ray spectroscopy ; 23.20.Lv γ transitions and level energies ; 21.60.Ev Collective models ; 27.80.+w 190 ⩽ A ⩽ 219
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Excited states in 191Pt have been populated using the reaction 186W + 11B at 85MeV beam energy. Gamma-ray coincidences were measured using the EUROGAM-II spectrometer array. The level scheme has been extended considerably. Evidence for favoured structures of highly triaxial shape with γ ∼ -90° coexisting with oblate structures has been obtained by comparison with total Routhian surface and cranked shell model calculations. The presence of proton excitations in both positive- and negative-parity states has been confirmed.
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  • 23
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    The European physical journal 23 (2005), S. 129-133 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 13.25.Gv Decays of J/ψ, ϒ, and other quarkonia ; 12.39.Jh Nonrelativistic quark model ; 14.20.Jn Hyperons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A simple quark pair creation model is introduced to study exclusive decays of χ{c_J} into baryon-antibaryon pairs. With this simple model, some exclusive decay processes, for example, χ{c0} → B¯ (B = Λ,Σ0,Ξ-) are investigated and their decay widths are evaluated by inclusion of the properties of outgoing baryons, and the results show that the strengthened decay channels χ{c_J} → Λ¯(J = 0, 2) are easily understood by considering only the color singlet contribution of P-wave charmonium.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 27.50.+e 59 ⩽ A ⩽ 89 ; 23.40.-s β decay; double β decay; electron and muon capture ; 21.60.Cs Shell model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The neutron-rich nuclei          2157, 58Sc,          2258-60Ti,          2360-63V,          2462-66Cr have been produced at Ganil via interactions of a 61.8A MeV 76Ge beam with a 58Ni target. Beta-decay studies have been performed using combined β- and γ-ray spectroscopy. Half-lives have been determined and β-decay schemes are proposed for 58Ti, 61V and 62Cr. From these studies, new hints for the existence of β-decaying isomers in 60V and in 62Mn are provided. These results are compared to shell model calculations. The role of the πf7/2- νf5/2 proton-neutron interaction is examined through its influence on the lifetime values.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 28.41.Kw Radioactive wastes, waste disposal ; 29.30.Kv X- and γ-ray spectroscopy ; 02.70.Uu Applications of Monte Carlo methods ; 07.05.Fb Design of experiments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The gamma-ray spectra emitted by decaying of residual nuclei produced by spallation neutrons in (n, xn), (n, xnyp), (n, p), (n, γ) reactions with activation threshold detectors, i.e. 209Bi, 197Au, 59Co, 115In, 232Th, were measured in the Laboratory of Nuclear Problems (LNP), JINR, Dubna, Russia. Spallation neutrons were generated by bombarding a 20 cm long cylindrical lead target with 8 cm diameter surrounded by a 6 cm thick layer of paraffin moderator with 1 GeV proton beam from the NUCLOTRON accelerator. Reaction rates and a spallation neutron spectrum were measured and compared with CASCADE code calculations.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.60.Gx Cluster models ; 23.90.+w Other topics in radioactive decay and in-beam spectroscopy ; 25.70.Gh Compound nucleus ; 25.70.Pq Multifragment emission and correlations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We have studied the emission of light unbound clusters, 8Be and 12C * (0+2), in the reactions 18O + 13C →{31} Si →{23} Ne + 8Be and 28Si + 24Mg →{52} Fe →{40} Ca + 12C * (0+2). The γ-ray spectra obtained in coincidence with 8Be and 12C * (0+2) emission have been studied relative to the statistical emission of two or three α-particles. The angular-momentum-to-energy balance of the cluster emission is compared with that of multiple-α emission. The properties of the energy spectra of the binary process and the population of the residual nuclei by cluster emission are discussed. It is observed that cluster emission carries away less excitation energy on average than the sequential emission of the individual components.
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  • 27
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    The European physical journal 38 (2005), S. 483-494 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The non-linear chiral quark-meson U(3) x U(3) model is solved using the Tamm-Dancoff inspired approximation which is described in an earlier paper [Phys. Rev. D 58, 034003 (1998)]. The resulting system of 15 coupled non-linear differential equations self-consistently determines all quark-meson coupling constants. Also the obtained solutions for quark and meson fields are stable and physically acceptable. As the zeroth approximation of a more refined structure they were used to calculate SU(3) baryon octet magnetic moments and axial coupling constants with baryon state vectors containing valence quarks only, at this primordial level. The results are very promising, so possibilities to pursuit more sophistication and improved physical input is indicated.
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  • 28
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    The European physical journal 38 (2005), S. 475-482 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We compute the cross section for exclusive double-diffractive $\gamma \gamma$ production at the Tevatron, $p{\bar{p}} \to p + \gamma \gamma + {\bar{p}}$ , and the LHC. We evaluate both the gg and $q\bar{q}\;\; t$ -channel exchange contributions to the process. The observation of exclusive $\gamma \gamma$ production at the Tevatron will provide a check on the model predictions and offer an opportunity to confirm the expectations for exclusive double-diffractive Higgs production at the LHC.
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  • 29
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    The European physical journal 38 (2005), S. 413-426 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Hadronic events from the data collected with the DELPHI detector at LEP within the energy range from 89 Gev to 209 Gev are selected, their jet rates are determined and compared to predictions of four different event generators. One of them is the recently developed APACIC + + generator which performs a massive matrix element calculation matched to a parton shower followed by string fragmentation. The four-jet rate is used to measure $\alpha_s$ in the next-to-leading-order approximation yielding $${\alpha_s(M_Z^2)} = 0.1175 \pm 0.0030. $$ The running of $\alpha_s$ determined by using four-jet events has been tested. The logarithmic energy slope is measured to be $$ \frac{{\mathrm{d}}\alpha_s^{-1}}{{\mathrm{d}} \log E_{\mathrm {cm}}} = 1.14 \pm 0.36. $$ Since the analysis is based on four-jet final states it represents an alternative approach to previous DELPHI $\alpha_s$ measurements using event shape distributions.
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  • 30
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    The European physical journal 38 (2005), S. 521-526 
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We investigate the one-parameter family of transformations on superfields of the super principal chiral model and obtain different zero-curvature representations of the model. The parametric transformation is related to the super Riccati equations and an infinite set of local and non-local conservation laws is derived. A Lax representation of the model is presented which gives rise to a superspace monodromy operator.
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  • 31
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    The European physical journal 38 (2005), S. 461-474 
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Parton energy loss effects in heavy-ion collisions are studied with the Monte Carlo program PQM (Parton Quenching Model) constructed using the BDMPS quenching weights and a realistic collision geometry. The merit of the approach is that it contains only one free parameter that is tuned to the high-p t nuclear modification factor measured in central Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 200$ GeV. Once tuned, the model is consistently applied to all the high-p t observables at 200 GeV: the centrality evolution of the nuclear modification factor, the suppression of the away-side jet-like correlations, and the azimuthal anisotropies for these observables. Predictions for the leading-particle suppression at nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energies of 62.4 and 5500 GeV are presented. The limits of the eikonal approximation in the BDMPS approach, when applied to finite-energy partons, are discussed.
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  • 32
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    The European physical journal 39 (2005), S. 41-54 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. New, accurate measurements of the pion and kaon electromagnetic form factors are expected in the near future from experiments at electron-positron colliders, using the radiative return method. We construct a model for the timelike pion electromagnetic form factor that is valid also at momentum transfers far above the $\rho$ resonance. The ansatz is based on vector dominance and includes a pattern of radial excitations expected from dual resonance models. The form factor is fitted to the existing data in the timelike region, continued to the spacelike region and compared with the measurements there and with the QCD predictions. Furthermore, the model is extended to the kaon electromagnetic form factor. Using isospin and SU(3)-flavor symmetry relations we extract the isospin-one contribution and predict the kaon weak form factor accessible in semileptonic $\tau$ decays.
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  • 33
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    The European physical journal 39 (2005), S. 123-127 
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. In this paper, the canonical quantization of singular Lagrangian defined in a finite volume is discussed by studying a 1 + 1 dimensional free Schrödinger field. We take the boundary conditions (BCs) as Dirac constraints, and show that those BCs as well as the intrinsic constraints (which are introduced by the singularities of Lagrangian) form the second class constraints. The quantization is performed canonically.
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  • 34
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    The European physical journal 39 (2005), S. 87-94 
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We analyze the low energy spectrum of bound states of the N = 1 SU(2) SUSY Yang-Mills Theory (SYM). This work continues the investigation of the non-perturbative properties of SYM by Monte Carlo simulations in the Wilson discretization with dynamical gluinos. The dynamics of the gluinos is included by the Two-Step Multi-Bosonic Algorithm (TSMB) for dynamical fermions. A new set of configurations has been generated on a $16^3\cdot 32$ lattice at $\beta = 2.3$ and $\kappa = 0.194$ . The analysis also includes sets of configurations previously generated on a smaller ( $12^3\cdot 24$ ) lattice at $\kappa = 0.1925, 0.194$ and 0.1955. Guided by predictions from low energy Lagrangians, we consider spin-1/2, scalar and pseudoscalar particles. The spectrum of SYM is a challenging subject of investigation because of the extremely noisy correlators. In particular, meson-like correlators contain disconnected contributions. The larger time-extension of the $16^3\cdot 32$ lattice allows to observe two-state signals in the effective mass. Finite-volume effects are monitored by comparing results from the two lattice sizes.
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  • 35
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    The European physical journal 39 (2005), S. 229-243 
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We consider the collider phenomenology of split-supersymmetry models. Despite the challenging nature of the signals in these models the long-lived gluino can be discovered with masses above 2 TeV at the LHC. At a future linear collider we will be able to observe the renormalization group effects from split supersymmetry, using measurements of the neutralino and chargino masses and cross sections.
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  • 36
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    The European physical journal 39 (2005), S. 245-248 
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    Notes: Abstract. In this brief article we discuss spin-polarization operators and spin-polarization states of 2 + 1 massive Dirac fermions and find a convenient representation by the help of 4-spinors for their description. We stress that in particular the use of such a representation allows us to introduce the conserved covariant spin operator in the 2 + 1 field theory. Another advantage of this representation is related to the pseudoclassical limit of the theory. Indeed, quantization of the pseudoclassical model of a spinning particle in 2 + 1 dimensions leads to the 4-spinor representation as the adequate realization of the operator algebra, where the corresponding operator of a first-class constraint, which cannot be gauged out by imposing the gauge condition, is just the covariant operator previously introduced in the quantum theory.
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  • 37
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    The European physical journal 39 (2005), S. 179-184 
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    Notes: Abstract. The energy-loss effect in nuclear matter is another nuclear effect apart from the nuclear effects on the parton distribution as in deep inelastic scattering process. The quark energy loss can be measured best by the nuclear dependence of the high energy nuclear Drell-Yan process. By means of two typical kinds of quark energy-loss parametrization and the different sets of nuclear parton distribution functions, we present an analysis of the E866 experiments on the nuclear dependence of Drell-Yan lepton pair production resulting from the bombardment of Be, Fe and W targets by 800 GeV protons at Fermilab. It is found that the quark energy loss in cold nuclei is strongly dependent on the used nuclear parton distribution functions. The further prospects of using relatively low energy protons incident on nuclear targets are presented by combining the quark energy-loss rate determined from a fit to the E866 nuclear-dependent ratios versus x 1, with the nuclear parton distribution functions given from lA deep inelastic scattering (DIS) data. The experimental study of the relatively low energy nuclear Drell-Yan process can give valuable insight in the energy loss of the fast quark propagating through cold nuclei and help to pin down nuclear parton distribution functions.
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    The European physical journal 39 (2005), S. 195-200 
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    Notes: Abstract. We have analyzed the consequences of introducing the local density approximation combined with an effective nuclear momentum-dependent potential into the CC quasi-elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering. We note that the distribution of recoil nucleons momenta becomes smooth for low momentum values and the sharp threshold is removed. Our results may be relevant for Sci-Fi detector analysis of K2K experiments. The total amount of observed recoil protons is reduced because some of them remain bound inside the nucleus. We compare theoretical predictions for a probability of such events with the results given by NUX + FLUKA MC simulations.
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    The European physical journal 40 (2005), S. 275-286 
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    Notes: Abstract. The computation of the radiation flux related to the Hawking temperature of a Schwarzschild black hole or another geometric background is still well-known to be fraught with a number of delicate problems. In spherical reduction, as shown by one of the present authors (Kummer) with Vassilevich, the correct black body radiation follows when two “basic components” (conformal anomaly and a “dilaton” anomaly) are used as input in the integrated energy-momentum conservation equation. The main new element in the present work is the use of a quite different method, the covariant perturbation theory of Barvinsky and Vilkovisky, to establish directly the full effective action which determines these basic components. In the derivation of Kummer and Vassilevich the computation of the dilaton anomaly implied one potentially doubtful intermediate step which can be avoided here. Moreover, the present approach also is sensitive to IR (renormalization) effects. We realize that the effective action naturally leads to expectation values in the Boulware vacuum which, making use of the conservation equation, suffice for the computation of the Hawking flux in other quantum states, in particular for the relevant Unruh state. Thus, a rather comprehensive discussion of the effects of (UV and IR) renormalization upon radiation flux and energy density is possible.
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    The European physical journal 40 (2005), S. 251-258 
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    Notes: Abstract. In the context of the littlest Higgs (LH) model, we study the process $e^{ + }e^{-}\rightarrow t\bar{t}$ . We find that the new gauge bosons Z H and B H can produce significant correction effects on this process, which can be further enhanced by suitably polarized beams. In most of the parameter space preferred by the electroweak precision data, the absolute value of the relative correction parameter $R_{B_{H}}$ is larger than 5 %. As long as $1 {\mathrm {TeV}} \leq M_{Z_{H}}\leq 1.5 {\mathrm {TeV}} $ and $0.3\leq c\leq 0.5,$ the absolute value of the relative correction parameter $R_{Z_{H}}$ is larger than $5\%$ . With reasonable values of the parameters of the LH model, the possible signals of the new gauge bosons B H and Z H can be detected via the process $e^{ + }e^{-}\rightarrow t\bar{t}$ in the future LC experiments with the CM energy $\sqrt{S} = 800 {\mathrm {GeV}} $ . B H exchange and Z H exchange can generate significantly corrections to the forward-backward asymmetry $A_{\mathrm {{FB}}}(t\bar{t})$ only in a small part of the parameter space.
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  • 41
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    Notes: Abstract. We have studied hadronic events from e + e- annihilation data at centre-of-mass energies from 91 to 209 GeV. We present distributions of event shape observables and their moments at each energy and compare with QCD Monte Carlo models. From the event shape distributions we extract the strong coupling $\ensuremath{\alpha_{\mathrm{s}}}$ and test its evolution with energy scale. The results are consistent with the running of $\ensuremath{\alpha_{\mathrm{s}}}$ expected from QCD. Combining all data, the value of $\ensuremath{\alpha_{\mathrm{s}}} \ensuremath{(M_{\mathrm{Z}})}$ is determined to be $$ \ensuremath{\alpha_{\mathrm{s}}}\ensuremath{M_{\mathrm{Z}}} = 0.1191 \pm0.0005 \mathrm{(stat.)} \pm0.0010\mathrm{(expt.)} \pm0.0011 \mathrm{(hadr.)} \pm0.0044 \mathrm{(theo.)}\,. $$ The energy evolution of the moments is also used to determine a value of $\ensuremath{\alpha_{\mathrm{s}}}$ with slightly larger errors: $\ensuremath{\alpha_{\mathrm{s}}} \ensuremath{M_{\mathrm{Z}}}=0.1223\pm 0.0005(\mathrm{stat.})\pm 0.0014(\mathrm{expt.})\pm 0.0016(\mathrm{hadr.})^{+0.0054}_{-0.0036}(\mathrm{theo.})$ .
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  • 42
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    The European physical journal 40 (2005), S. 333-341 
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    Notes: Abstract. Data collected at LEP at centre-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s} = 189-209$ GeV are used to study correlations of the spin of W bosons using $\mathrm{e}^ + \mathrm{e}^-\to \mathrm{W}^ + \mathrm{W}^-\to {\ensuremath{\ell\nu\mathrm{q\bar{q}}}}$ events. Spin correlations are favoured by data, and found to agree with the Standard Model predictions. In addition, correlations between the W-boson decay planes are studied in $\mathrm{e}^ + \mathrm{e}^-{}\to{}\mathrm{W}^ + \mathrm{W}^- \to{}{\ensuremath{\ell\nu\mathrm{q\bar{q}}}}$ and $\mathrm{e}^ + \mathrm{e}^-{}\to{}\mathrm{W}^ + \mathrm{W}^-{}\to{}{\ensuremath{\text{q}\bar{\text{q}}\text{q}\bar{\text{q}}}}{}$ events. Decay-plane correlations are measured to be consistent with the Standard Model predictions.
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  • 43
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    Notes: Abstract. The charge asymmetry of the g, h, and k Dalitz plot parameters for ${K^{\pm}\rightarrow \pi^{\pm} \pi^{0} \pi^{0}}$ decays has been measured with 35 GeV/c hadron beams at the 70 GeV IHEP accelerator. The g, h, and k values obtained appear to be identical for $K^{\pm}$ decays within the errors quoted. In particular, the charge asymmetry A g = (g + – g -)/(g + + g -) of the slope g is equal to ${(0.2 \pm 1.9)\cdot 10^{-3}}$ .
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    The European physical journal 40 (2005), S. 349-359 
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    Notes: Abstract. Measurements are presented of inclusive charm and beauty cross sections in e + p collisions at HERA for values of photon virtuality Q 2 〉 150 GeV2 and of inelasticity 0.1 〈 y 〈 0.7. The charm and beauty fractions are determined using a method based on the impact parameter, in the transverse plane, of tracks to the primary vertex, as measured by the H1 vertex detector. The data are divided into four regions in Q 2 and Bjorken x, and values for the structure functions $F_2^{c\bar{c}}$ and $F_2^{b\bar{b}}$ are obtained. The results are found to be compatible with the predictions of perturbative quantum chromodynamics.
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    The European physical journal 40 (2005), S. 473-477 
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    Notes: Abstract. A novel method to extract the neutron-electron scattering length b ne from the precise neutron scattering data measured for a noble gas at several different densities n is proposed. The main point of this method is dividing the experimental data into two parts: the first, nearly proportional to n, corresponding to diffraction on neighboring atoms and the second one, a small contribution of n, e scattering independent on n. The proposed technique is demonstrated using the structure factor S(q) for gaseous krypton.
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    The European physical journal 40 (2005), S. 505-514 
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    Notes: Abstract. Polarized forward-backward asymmetries in the $B_s \rightarrow \ell^ + \ell^- \gamma$ decay are calculated using the most general, model independent form of the effective Hamiltonian, including all possible forms of interactions. The dependencies of the asymmetries on new Wilson coefficients are investigated. The detectability of the asymmetries at LHC is discussed.
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  • 47
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    Notes: Abstract. We have performed the first global QCD analysis to include the CCFR and NuTeV dimuon data, which provide direct constraints on the strange and antistrange parton distributions, s(x) and $\bar{s}(x)$ . To explore the strangeness sector, we adopt a general parametrization of the non-perturbative $s(x), \bar{s}(x)$ functions satisfying basic QCD requirements. We find that the strangeness asymmetry, as represented by the momentum integral $[S^{-}]\equiv \int_0^1 x [s(x)-\bar{s}(x)] \mathrm dx$ , is sensitive to the dimuon data provided the theoretical QCD constraints are enforced. We use the Lagrange multiplier method to probe the quality of the global fit as a function of [S -] and find -0.001 〈 [S -] 〈 0.004. Representative parton distribution sets spanning this range are given. Comparisons with previous work are made.
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    The European physical journal 40 (2005), S. 157-164 
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    Notes: Abstract. The correlator of vector heavy-quark currents at small q 2 is considered in the large- $\beta_0$ limit. The leading IR renormalon ambiguity of the sum of the perturbative series is canceled by the UV renormalon ambiguity of the gluon condensate. The asymptotic behavior of the perturbative series is obtained in a model-independent way, up to a single unknown normalization factor. Gluon-virtuality distribution functions for the perturbative correction are calculated.
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    The European physical journal 40 (2005), S. 243-250 
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    Notes: Abstract. The new data on k t distributions obtained at RHIC are analyzed by means of selected models of statistical and stochastic origin in order to estimate their importance in providing new information on the hadronization process, in particular on the value of the temperature at freeze-out to the hadronic phase.
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    The European physical journal 40 (2005), S. 259-268 
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    Notes: Abstract. We consider the flavor symmetry $L_\mu - L_\tau$ for the neutrino mass matrix. The most general neutrino mass matrix conserving $L_\mu - L_\tau$ predicts quasi-degenerate neutrino masses with one maximal and two zero mixing angles. The presence of $L_\mu - L_\tau$ can also be motivated by the near-bimaximal form of the neutrino mixing matrix. Furthermore, it is a special case of $\mu \tau$ symmetric mass matrices. Breaking the flavor symmetry by adding a small flavor-blind term to the neutrino mass matrix and/or by applying radiative corrections is shown to reproduce the observed neutrino oscillation phenomenology. Both the normal and inverted mass ordering can be accommodated within this scheme. Moderate cancellation for neutrinoless double beta decay is expected. The observables |U e3|2 and $\vert 1/2 - \sin^2\theta_{23}\vert$ are proportional to the inverse of the fourth power of the common neutrino mass scale. We comment on whether the atmospheric neutrino mixing is expected to lie above or below $\pi/4$ . We finally present a model based on the see-saw mechanism which generates a light neutrino mass matrix with an (approximate) $L_\mu - L_\tau$ flavor symmetry. This is a minimal model with just one standard Higgs doublet and three heavy right-handed neutrinos. It needs only small values for the soft $L_\mu - L_\tau$ breaking terms to reproduce the phenomenological viable mass textures analyzed.
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    The European physical journal 40 (2005), S. 199-203 
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    Notes: Abstract. We discuss the difference between n-dimensional regularization and n-dimensional reduction for processes in QCD which have an additional mass scale. Examples are heavy flavor production in hadron-hadron collisions or on-shell photon-hadron collisions where the scale is represented by the mass m. Another example is electroproduction of heavy flavors where we have two mass scales given by m and the virtuality of the photon $\smash[b]{Q = \sqrt{-q^2}}$ . Finally we study the Drell-Yan process where the additional scale is represented by the virtuality $\smash[t]{Q = \sqrt{q^2}}$ of the vector boson ( $\gamma^*, W, Z$ ). The difference between the two schemes is not accounted for by the usual oversubtractions. There are extra counter terms which multiply the mass scale dependent parts of the Born cross sections. In the case of the Drell-Yan process it turns out that the off-shell mass regularization agrees with n-dimensional regularization.
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    The European physical journal 40 (2005), S. 165-186 
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    Notes: Abstract. Using results on soft-collinear factorization for inclusive B-meson decay distributions, a systematic study of the partial $B\to X_s\gamma$ decay rate with a cut $E_\gamma\ge E_0$ on photon energy is performed. For values of E 0 below about 1.9 GeV, the rate can be calculated without reference to shape functions using a multi-scale operator product expansion (MSOPE). The transition from the shape-function region to the MSOPE region is studied analytically. The resulting prediction for the $B\to X_s\gamma$ branching ratio depends on three large scales: m b , $\sqrt{m_b\Delta}$ , and $\Delta = m_b-2E_0$ . Logarithms associated with these scales are resummed at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic order. While power corrections in $\Lambda_{\mathrm {QCD}}/\Delta$ turn out to be small, the sensitivity to the scale $\Delta\approx 1.1$ GeV (for $E_0\approx 1.8$ GeV) introduces significant perturbative uncertainties, which so far have been ignored. The new theoretical prediction for the $B\to X_s\gamma$ branching ratio with $E_\gamma\ge 1.8$ GeV is $\mbox{Br}(B\to X_s\gamma) = \smash{(3.38_{ -0.42}^{ + 0.31}\pm 0.31)}\times 10^{-4}$ , where the first error is an estimate of perturbative uncertainties and the second one reflects uncertainties in input parameters. With this cut $\smash{(89_{ -7}^{ + 6} \pm 1)}\%$ of all events are contained. When this fraction is combined with the previously best prediction for the total decay rate, one obtains $\mbox{Br}(B\to X_s\gamma) = (3.30_{ -0.35}^{ + 0.31}\pm 0.17)\times 10^{-4}$ , with a somewhat less conservative estimate of parametric uncertainties. The implications of larger theory uncertainties for new physics searches are briefly explored with the example of the type-II two-Higgs-doublet model, for which the lower bound on the charged-Higgs mass is reduced compared with previous estimates to approximately 200 GeV at 95% confidence level.
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    The European physical journal 40 (2005), S. 395-417 
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    Notes: Abstract. We prove the collinear factorization theorem for the process $\pi\gamma^*\to\pi$ at the twist-3 level in the covariant gauge by means of the Ward identity, concentrating on the two-parton case. It is shown that soft divergences cancel and collinear divergences are grouped into the pseudo-scalar and pseudo-tensor two-parton twist-3 pion distribution amplitudes. The delicate summation of a complete set of diagrams for achieving factorization in momentum, spin, and color spaces is emphasized. The proof is then extended to the exclusive semileptonic decay $B\to\pi l\nu$ , assuming the hard scale to be of $O\smash{\bigl(\sqrt{\bar{\Lambda} M_B}\bigr)}$ , where $\bar{\Lambda}$ is a hadronic scale and M B the B meson mass. We explain the distinction between the factorization of collinear divergences for a pion distribution amplitude and of soft divergences for a B meson distribution amplitude. The gauge invariance and universality of the two-parton twist-3 pion distribution amplitudes are confirmed. The proof presented here can accommodate the leading twist-2 case. We then compare our proof with that performed in the framework of soft-collinear effective theory.
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    The European physical journal 40 (2005), S. 565-577 
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    Notes: Abstract. In the SUSY SO(10) GUT context, we study the exclusive processes $B \to K^{(*)} l^ + l^-(l = \mu,\tau)$ . Using the Wilson coefficients of the relevant operators including the new operators $\smash{Q_{1,2}^{(\prime)}}$ which are induced by neutral Higgs boson (NHB) penguins, we evaluate some possible observables associated with these processes like the invariant mass spectrum (IMS), lepton pair forward-backward asymmetry (FBA), lepton polarization asymmetries etc. In this model the contributions from Wilson coefficients $C_{Q_{1,2}}^\prime$ , among new contributions, are dominant. Our results show that the NHB effects are sensitive to the FBA, $\mathrm {d}L/\mathrm {d}\hat{s}$ , and $\mathrm {d}T/\mathrm {d}\hat{s}$ of $B \to K^{(*)} \tau^ + \tau^-$ decay, which are expected to be measured in B factories, the deviation of $\mathrm {d}T/\mathrm {d}\hat{s}$ in $B \to K \mu^ + \mu^-$ can reach 0.1 from SM, which could be seen in B factories, and the average of the normal polarization $\mathrm {d}N/\mathrm {d}\hat{s}$ can reach several percent for $B \to K \mu^ + \mu^-$ and it is 0.05 or so for $B\to K \tau^ + \tau^-$ , which could be measured in the future super B factories and provide useful information to probe new physics and discriminate different models.
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    Notes: Abstract. This paper reports on the improved Mainz experiment on tritium $\beta$ spectroscopy which yields a 10 times higher signal to background ratio than before. The main experimental effects and systematic uncertainties have been investigated in side experiments, and possible error sources have been eliminated. Extensive data taking took place in the years 1997 to 2001. A residual analysis of the data sets yields for the square of the electron antineutrino mass the final result of $m^2(\nu_e) = (-0.6 \pm 2.2_{\mathrm{{stat}}} \pm 2.1_{\mathrm{{syst}}})$ eV2/c4. We derive an upper limit of $m(\nu_e)\leq 2.3$ eV/c2 at 95% confidence level for the mass itself.
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    The European physical journal 40 (2005), S. 493-496 
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    Notes: Abstract. The most precise measurement of the weak mixing angle $\sin^2 \theta_{\mathrm{eff}}^l$ at LEP is from the forward-backward asymmetry $e^ + e^- \rightarrow b \overline{b}$ at the Z-pole. In this note the QED and electroweak radiative corrections to obtain the pole asymmetry from the measured asymmetry for b- and c-quarks have been calculated using ZFITTER, which has been amended to allow a consistent treatment of partial two-loop corrections for the b-quark final asymmetries. A total correction of $\delta A_{\mathrm{FB}}^{{b}} = 0.0019 \pm 0.0002$ and $\delta A_{\mathrm{FB}}^{{c}} = 0.0064 \pm 0.0001$ has been found, where the remaining theoretical uncertainty is much too small to explain the apparent discrepancy between $\sin^2 \theta_{\mathrm{eff}}^l$ obtained from A FB b and from the left-right asymmetry at SLD.
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    The European physical journal 40 (2005), S. 515-517 
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    Notes: Abstract. A dedicated test of the perturbative QCD NLO parton evolution in the very small-x region is performed. We find a good agreement with recent precision HERA data for F 2 p(x,Q 2), as well as with the present determination of the curvature of F 2 p. Characteristically, perturbative QCD evolutions result in a positive curvature which increases as x decreases. Future precision measurements in the very small x-region, x 〈 10-4, could provide a sensitive test of the range of validity of perturbative QCD.
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    The European physical journal 46 (2006), S. 81-91 
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    Notes: AbstractWe have reconsidered theoretical upper bounds on the scalar boson masses within the two-Higgs-doublet model (THDM), employing the well-known technical condition of tree-level unitarity. Our treatment provides a modest extension and generalization of some previous results of other authors. We present a rather detailed discussion of the solution of the relevant inequalities and offer some new analytic formulae as well as numerical values for the Higgs mass bounds in question. A comparison is made with the earlier results on the subject that can be found in the literature.
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    The European physical journal 46 (2006), S. 93-105 
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    Notes: AbstractWe present a study of anomalous electroweak gauge-boson couplings that can be measured in e+e- and γγ collisions at a future linear collider like ILC. We consider the gauge-boson sector of a locally SU(2)×U(1) invariant effective Lagrangian with ten dimension-six operators added to the Lagrangian of the standard model. These operators induce anomalous three-gauge-boson and four-gauge-boson couplings and an anomalous γγH coupling. We calculate the reachable sensitivity for the measurement of the anomalous couplings in γγ→WW. We compare these results with the reachable precision in the reaction e+e-→WW on the one hand and with the bounds that one can obtain from high-precision observables in Z decays on the other hand. We show that one needs both the e+e- and the γγ modes at an ILC to constrain the largest possible number of anomalous couplings and that the Giga-Z mode offers the best sensitivity for certain anomalous couplings.
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    The European physical journal 46 (2006), S. 113-122 
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    Notes: AbstractReporting to the Dirac wave-packet prescription where it is formally assumed the fermionic nature of the particles, we shall demonstrate that chiral oscillations implicitly aggregated to the interference between positive and negative frequency components of mass eigenstate wave-packets introduce some small modifications to the standard neutrino flavor conversion formula. Assuming the corresponding spinorial solutions of a ‘modified’ Dirac equation, we are specifically interested in quantifying flavor coupled with chiral oscillations for a fermionic Dirac-type particle (neutrino) non-minimally coupling with an external magnetic field B . The viability of the intermediate wave-packet treatment becomes clear when we assume B orthogonal/parallel to the direction of the propagating particle.
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    The European physical journal 46 (2006), S. 69-79 
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    Notes: AbstractFirst measurements of $K^\star(892)^\pm$ mesons production properties and their spin alignment in $\nu_\mu$ charged current (CC) and neutral current (NC) interactions are presented. The analysis of the full data sample of the NOMAD experiment is performed in different kinematic regions. For ${K^\star}^+$ and ${K^\star}^-$ mesons produced in $\nu_\mu$ CC interactions and decaying into $K^0 \pi^\pm$ we have found the following yields per event: $(2.6\pm0.2(\text{stat.})\pm0.2(\text{syst.}))\%$ and $(1.6\pm0.1(\text{stat.})\pm0.1(\text{syst.}))\%$ respectively, while for the ${K^\star}^+$ and ${K^\star}^-$ mesons produced in $\nu\text{NC}$ interactions the corresponding yields per event are: $(2.5\pm0.3(\text{stat.})\pm0.3(\text{syst.}))\%$ and $(1.0\pm0.3(\text{stat.})\pm0.2(\text{syst.}))\%$ . The results obtained for the $\rho_{00}$ parameter, $0.40\pm0.06(\text{stat.})\pm0.03(\text{syst.})$ and $0.28\pm0.07(\text{stat.})\pm0.03(\text{syst.})$ for $K^\star(892)^+$ and $K^\star(892)^-$ produced in $\nu_\mu$ CC interactions, are compared to theoretical predictions tuned on LEP measurements in $e^+e^-$ annihilation at the $Z^0$ pole. For $K^\star(892)^+$ mesons produced in $\nu\text{NC}$ interactions the measured $\rho_{00}$ parameter is $0.66\pm0.10(\text{stat.})\pm0.05(\text{syst.})$ .
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 39-45 
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    Notes: Abstract. V(I) characteristics have been performed in a monocrystalline microbridge of Bi[ Pb $]-2212$ . The vortex phase diagram has been greatly investigated. Linear but non-ohmic Voltage (Current) (V(I)) curves with a well defined critical current have been observed. A departure from this behavior is observed near the peak effect where an out of equilibrium high threshold current can be stabilized. At high temperature, the critical current persists in the “liquid” state despite the dissipation at the lowest bias. Some implications of these results are discussed. In particular, it is proposed that the surface disorder, rather than the bulk disorder, is responsible for the vortex pinning in this sample.
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 29-37 
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    Notes: Abstract. We extracted, from strongly-correlated ab-initio calculations, a complete model for the chain subsystem of the Sr0.4Ca13.6Cu24O41 incommensurate compound. A second neighbor t-J+V model has been determined as a function of the fourth crystallographic parameter τ, for both low and room temperature crystallographic structures. The analysis of the obtained model shows the crucial importance of the structural modulations on the electronic structure through the on-site energies and the magnetic interactions. The structural distortions are characterized by their long range effect on the cited parameters that hinder the reliability of analyses such as BVS. One of the most striking results is the existence of antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interactions for metal-ligand-metal angles of 90○. A detailed analysis of the electron localization and spin arrangement is presented as a function of the chain to ladder hole transfer and of the temperature. The obtained spin arrangement is in agreement with antiferromagnetic correlations in the chain direction at low temperature.
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 73-79 
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    Notes: Abstract. A beautifully simple model introduced a couple of decades ago, Toom’s cellular automaton, revealed that non-equilibrium systems may exhibit generic bistability, i.e. two-phase coexistence over a finite area of the (two-dimensional) phase diagram, in violation of the equilibrium Gibbs phase rule. In this paper we analyse two interfacial models, describing more realistic situations, that share with Toom’s model a phase diagram with a broad region of phase coexistence. An analysis of the interfacial models yields conditions for generic bistability in terms of physically relevant parameters that may be controlled experimentally.
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 163-174 
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    Notes: Abstract. We have studied the magnetic structure of the orthorhombic compound Ho2Ni2Pb by means of neutron diffraction in zero field and in magnetic fields up to 4.5 T. Both powder and single-crystalline samples were used. Previous bulk measurements suggest two distinct magnetic phase transitions: one at TN = 7.0 K and the other at 4.8 K. Our neutron diffraction measurements, which were made in the range 1.5-20 K, showed that Ho2Ni2Pb has a collinear magnetic structure with unequal number of up and down Ho moments that are aligned parallel and antiparallel to the c axis. At the lowest temperatures the Ho moments are equal in size, each 8.3 μB in agreement with magnetization data. The magnetic structure can be described as having a 5a ×b ×c magnetic unit cell. Below Ts = 3.0 K the structure is squared up. A smooth development of all the magnetic moment magnitudes indicates that the magnetic structure remains in principle the same over the whole temperature range, the “phase transition” around 4.8 K can be identified as an inflection point in the temperature dependence of one of the Ho moments. With increasing temperature there is a clear development towards a simple transverse sine-wave modulated magnetic structure that is established just below TN.
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 279-281 
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    Notes: Abstract. A method based on a selfconsistent solution of a quantum-mechanical system with temperature fluctuations described by Langevin equations is developed to calculate the charge carrier mobility in DNA. To model the charge transfer in DNA, a combined Holstein – SSH Hamiltonian is considered. As an example the hole mobility is calculated at room temperature for synthetic poly (G)/poly (C) duplex with regard to main structural fluctuations.
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 11-18 
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    Notes: Abstract. We study (inverse) photoemission from systems with strong coupling of doped carriers to phonons. Using an adiabatic approximation, we develop a method for calculating spectra. This method is particularly simple for systems where the electron-phonon coupling can be neglected in the initial state, e.g., the undoped t-J model. The theory then naturally explains why the electron-phonon coupling just leads to a broadening of spectra calculated without electron-phonon coupling, without changing the dispersion. This is in agreement with recent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on undoped cuprates, and it supports the interpretation in terms of strong electron-phonon interaction. The theory also shows that for systems with strong electron-phonon coupling in the initial state, the result cannot in general be related to the spectrum obtained without electron-phonon coupling.
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 47-52 
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    Notes: Abstract. A dimer of bound atoms cannot melt, only dissociate. Bulk metals show a well defined first order transition between their solid and liquid phases. The appearance of the melting transition is explored for increasing clusters sizes via the signatures in the specific heat and the root mean square of the bond lengths δB (Berry parameter) by means of Monte-Carlo simulations of Al clusters modelled by Gupta potentials. Clear signatures of a melting transition appear for N∼6 atoms. Closed-shell effects are shown for clusters with up to 56 atoms. The melting transition is compared in detail with the dissociation transition, which induces a second and possibly much larger local maximum in the specific heat at higher temperatures. Larger clusters are shown to fragment into dimers and trimers, which in turn dissociate at higher temperatures.
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 93-96 
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    Notes: Abstract. We study the d-dimensional quantum XY model with ferromagnetic long-range interaction decaying as r-p in terms of boson operators, by employing the coherent state path integral approach. We have obtained a finite critical temperature as a function of the dimension (d) for d〈p〈2d. For p〉2d the system becomes disordered at all temperatures. For the particular values p=3/2 and d=1 our theoretical calculations are comparable to those from Monte Carlo simulations.
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 115-124 
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    Notes: Abstract. We study two types of simple Boolean networks, namely two loops with a cross-link and one loop with an additional internal link. Such networks occur as relevant components of critical K=2 Kauffman networks. We determine mostly analytically the numbers and lengths of cycles of these networks and find many of the features that have been observed in Kauffman networks. In particular, the mean number and length of cycles can diverge faster than any power law.
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 251-269 
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    Notes: Abstract. The problem on finding the coefficients of the Landau free energy expansion into the power series of parameter of order has been considered for solutions and melts of linear heteropolymers whose molecules comprise several types monomeric units arranged stochastically. The presence of such a quenched structural disorder places this problem outside the framework of the traditional statistical physics inviting for its solution special approaches. One of them, based on the replica concept and actively engaged in theoretical physics of disordered systems, has been invoked in this paper to derive expressions for the vertex functions in the Landau theory of heteropolymer liquids. An algorithm has been formulated which permits one resorting to the simple diagram technique to write down expressions for these functions of any order in terms of the statistical characteristics of chemical quenched structure of polymer molecules. Explicit expressions for the contributions to the Landau free energy up to the fourth degree of order parameters for polymer systems with an arbitrary structural disorder have been presented to illustrate this general algorithm. Its potentialities have been also exemplified for the melt of random m-component copolymer where exact analytical formulas for these contributions up to n=6 at an arbitrary m have been derived for the first time.
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 213-220 
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    Notes: Abstract. The effect of bulk dissipation on non critical sandpile models is studied using both multifractal and finite size scaling analyses. We show numerically that the local limited (LL) model exhibits a crossover from multifractal to self-similar behavior as the control parameters hext and epsilon turn towards their critical values, i.e. hext →0+ and epsilon→epsilonc. The critical exponents are not universal and exhibit a continuous variation with epsilon. On the other hand, the finite size effects for the local unlimited (LU), non local limited (NLL), and non local unlimited (NLU) models are well described by the multifractal analysis for all values of dissipation rate epsilon. The space-time avalanche structure is studied in order to give a deeper understanding of the finite size effects and the origin of the crossover behavior. This result is confirmed by the calculation of the susceptibility.
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    Notes: Abstract. Systematic studies of AC susceptibility in a stoichiometric magnetite single crystal, in a series of low zinc doped magnetite (xZn 〈 0.04) and in nonstoichiometric magnetite samples (both single crystals and pellets) in the temperature range 4–300 K are presented. Measurements were performed in several AC fields ( $H_{AC}=0.2{-}20\ $ Oe) and at different frequencies (15–6000 Hz). It is suggested that the signal is primarily due to magnetic domain wall movement, strongly influenced by structural domains (twins). Two sets of anomalies were found: the first is associated with the Verwey transition and the second involves two different effects, one at 28 K, observed only in stoichiometric magnetite, and the other at 50 K. While the temperature position of the first anomaly (28 K) does not depend on frequency, the effect at 50 K is associated with an activation process, shifting to higher temperatures with increasing frequency. This last effect may be linked to the low temperature magnetoelectric effects terminating approximately at those temperatures. Qualitatively similar results have been observed by the Magnetic After Effect technique presented in the literature, that is associated with relaxation times that are 104 higher than those characteristic of our technique.
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 271-277 
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    Notes: Abstract. Based on the generalized statistic distribution derived from the Tsallis’ entropy that has been successfully used in complex systems with long-range interactions and/or long-duration memory, the thermostatistic properties of a q-generalized Fermi system are studied. The total number of particles, internal energy, and heat capacity at constant volume are calculated for two different cases of q≤1 and q≥1, respectively, where q is an important parameter to evaluate the nonextensivity of the system. The thermostatistic characteristics of the system are discussed in detail. It is found from the results obtained here that the Fermi energy of such a system is independent of the parameter q and is equal to that of an original ideal Fermi system when q≤1, while other thermostatistic properties of the system depend closely on the parameter q. For example, when q〈1, the chemical potential of the system in certain region of temperature may be larger than the Fermi energy; when q〉1, some thermodynamic parameters of the system at low temperatures must be cut off.
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 319-331 
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    Notes: Abstract. The three-band Emery model is reduced to a single-particle quantum model of Falicov-Kimball type, by allowing only up-spins to hop, and forbidding double occupation by projection. It is used to study the effects of geometric obstruction on mobile fermions in thermodynamic equilibrium. For low hopping overlap, there appears a plateau in the entropy, due to charge correlations, and related to real-space disorder. For large overlap, the equilibrium thermopower susceptibility remains anomalous, with a sign opposite to the one predicted from the single-particle density of states. The heat capacity and non-Fermi liquid response are discussed in the context of similar results in the literature. All results are obtained by evaluation of an effective single-particle free-energy operator in closed form. The method to obtain this operator is described in detail.
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 333-338 
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    Notes: Abstract. In multiferroic ferroelectromagnets, microscopic coupling interaction between the ferroelectric and magnetic order results in the macroscopic correlation between the dielectric and magnetic properties, which is defined as magnetodielectric effect. If we classify multiferroic ferroelectromagnets as two kinds: ferroelectric-ferromagnets and ferroelectric-antiferromagnets, we find the magnetodielectric behavior of these two kinds of ferroeletromagnets show obvious difference. We analyze the origin of the different magnetodielectric behavior and find that the fluctuation of the spin-pair correlation plays a critical role. Soft-mode theory based on DIFFOUR model and the mean-field theory are combined to deal with multiferroic ferroelectromagnetic system.
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 305-318 
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    Notes: Abstract. We have studied the structural, electrical, and magnetic properties of the normal and superconducting states Gd(Ba2-xLax)Cu3O7+δ [Gd(BaLa)123] samples with 0.0 ≤x ≤0.8 prepared by the standard solid-state reaction. XRD characterization shows an orthorhombic-tetragonal structural transition at x=0.2. Iodometric titration analysis shows the oxygen content of the samples increase with the increase of La doping. The resistivity curves show that for x≤0.15, there is metallic behavior, and for x≥0.2, there is a gradual insulating transition behavior in the normal state. The metal-insulator and superconductor-insulator transitions occur between x=0.35 and x=0.4. The superconducting transition temperature decreases with the increase of La content as two-step curve. The normal-state resistivity is fitted for two and three dimensional variable range hopping (2D&3D-VRH) and Coulomb gap (CG) regimes, separately. The results show that the dominant mechanism is CG for x≤0.35, and VRH for x≥0.4. The pinning energy U, derived from the thermally activated flux creep (TAFC) model and Ambegaokar-Halperin (AH) theory, shows a power-law relation as U∼H -β. The critical current density decreases with the increase of La doping and magnetic field. The E-J curves show that the induced electric field increases with the increase of magnetic field and La concentration. The magnetization measurements indicate that the critical penetration fields and magnetic current density decrease with La doping.
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 339-345 
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    Notes: Abstract. Polaron properties are studied in bulk wurtzite nitride ternary mixed crystals AxB1-xN (A, B = Al, Ga, In) with the use of a dielectric continuum Fröhlich-like electron-phonon interaction Hamiltonian. The polaronic self-trapping energy and effective mass are analytically derived by taking the mixing properties of the LO and TO polarizations due to the anisotropy effect into account in the mono-phonon approximation. The numerical computation has been performed for the wurtzite ternary mixed crystal materials InxGa1-xN, AlxGa1-xN, and AlxIn1-xN as functions of the composition x. The results show that the polaronic self-trapping energies in the wurtzite structures are bigger than that in zinc-blende structures for the materials calculated. It is also found that the structure anisotropy increases the electron-phonon interaction in wurtizte nitride semiconductors. The results indicate that the LO-like phonon influence on the polaronic self-trapping energy and effective mass is dominant, and the anisotropy effect is obvious.
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    Notes: Abstract. Domain reversal was performed on both near-stoichiometric and heavily Mg-doped lithium niobate crystals. H+ related defect structures in these two types of crystals were studied through the infrared absorption spectra. It is found that the intensity of some decomposed peaks of absorption band change apparently during domain reversal for near-stoichiometric lithium niobate crystals but not for heavily Mg-doped lithium niobate crystals. According to these experimental results, distinct models about H+ related defect structure in LiNbO3 lattice were supposed for them. Nb4+Li and Mg3-Nb were considered as the centers of H+ related defect complex for near-stoichiometric and heavily Mg-doped lithium niobate crystals respectively. Different behavior of them was used to explain the difference of infrared absorption spectra during domain reversal between two types of crystals.
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 363-368 
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    Notes: Abstract. A generalization of the pure site and pure bond percolation problems in which pairs of nearest neighbor sites (site dimers) and linear pairs of nearest neighbor bonds (bond dimers) are independently occupied at random on a square lattice is studied. We called this model as dimer site-bond percolation. Motivated by considerations of cluster connectivity, we have used two distinct schemes (denoted as $S\cap B$ and $S\cup B$ ) for dimer site-bond percolation. In $S \cap B$ ( $S \cup B$ ), two points are said to be connected if a sequence of occupied sites and (or) bonds joins them. By using finite-size scaling theory, data from $S \cap B$ and $S \cup B$ are analyzed in order to determine i) the phase boundary between the percolating and non-percolating regions and ii) the numerical values of the critical exponents of the phase transition occurring in the system. The results obtained are discussed in comparison with the corresponding ones for classical monomer site-bond percolation.
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 355-362 
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    Notes: Abstract. We investigate the presence of dynamical heterogeneity in supercooled water with molecular dynamics simulations using the new water model proposed by Mahoney and Jorgensen [M.W. Mahoney, W.L. Jorgensen J. Chem. Phys. 112, 8910 (2000)]. Prompted by recent theoretical results [J.P. Garrahan, D. Chandler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 35704 (2002)] we study the dynamical aggregation of the least and the most mobile molecules. We find dynamical heterogeneity in supercooled water and string-like dynamics for the most mobile molecules. We also find the dynamical aggregation of the least mobile molecules. The two kinds of dynamical aggregation appear however to be very different. Characteristic times are different and evolve differently. String-like motions appear only for the most mobile molecules, a result predicted by the facilitation theory. The aggregation of the least mobile molecules is more organized than the bulk while the opposite is observed for the most mobile molecules.
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 369-372 
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    Notes: Abstract. We propose that the ubiquitous scale free nature of many real world networks may emerge from a steady state process where nodes are created and merged randomly. The merging may be viewed as an optimization of efficiency by minimizing redundancy.
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 373-378 
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    Notes: Abstract. We present a semi-analytic study of Ising spins on a simple square or cubic lattice coupled to a transverse magnetic field of variable strength. The formal analysis employs correlated basis functions (CBF) theory to investigate the properties of the corresponding N-body ground and excited states. For these states we discuss two different ansaetze of correlated trial wave functions and associated longitudinal and transverse excitation modes. The formalism is then generalized to describe the spin system at nonzero temperatures with the help of a suitable functional approximating the Helmholtz free energy. To test the quality of the functional in a first step we perform numerical calculations within the extended formalism but ignore spatial correlations. Numerical results are reported on the energies of the longitudinal and the transverse excitation modes at zero temperature, on critical data at finite temperatures, and on the optimized spontaneous magnetization as a function of temperature and external field strength.
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 387-391 
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    Notes: Abstract. We construct models describing interaction between a spin s and a single bosonic mode using a quantum inverse scattering procedure. The boundary conditions are generically twisted by generic matrices with both diagonal and off-diagonal entries. The exact solution is obtained by mapping the transfer matrix of the spin-boson system to an auxiliary problem of a spin-j coupled to the spin-s with general twist of the boundary condition. The corresponding auxiliary transfer matrix is diagonalized by a variation of the method of Q-matrices of Baxter. The exact solution of our problem is obtained applying certain large-j limit to su(2)j, transforming it into the bosonic algebra.
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 379-386 
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    Notes: Abstract. In this study, the acoustic radiation force resulting from the interaction of a plane progressive wave with a coated sphere was examined. The linear acoustic scattering problem was obtained first by solving the classical boundary conditions to obtain the required coefficients. The radiation force was then determined by averaging the momentum flux tensor expressed in terms of the total scattering pressure or velocity potential in an ideal fluid. Numerical calculations of the radiation force function Yp , which is the radiation force per unit energy density and unit cross-section, were displayed versus the dimensionless size parameter x=k1 b (k1 is the wave number in the exterior fluid and b the radius of the uncoated sphere) over a large range of frequencies. Particular emphasis has been focused on the coating thickness and the absorption of sound inside the outer covering layer. The fluid-loading effect on the radiation force function curves was also analysed.
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 393-398 
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    Notes: Abstract. We present a Rayleigh-Schrödinger-Goldstone perturbation formalism for many Fermion systems. Based on this formalism, variational perturbation scheme which goes beyond the Gaussian approximation is developed. In order to go beyond the Gaussian approximation, we identify a parent Hamiltonian which has an effective Gaussian vacuum as a variational solution and carry out further perturbation with respect to the renormalized interaction using Goldstone’s expansion. Perturbation rules for the ground state wavefunctional and energy are found, thus, opening a way for general use of the Schrödinger picture method for many Fermion systems. Useful commuting relations between operators and the Gaussian wavefunctional are also found, which could reduce the calculational efforts substantially. As examples, we calculate the first order correction to the Gaussian wavefunctional and the second order correction to the ground state of an electron gas system with the Yukawa-type interaction.
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    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 421-427 
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    Notes: Abstract. We investigate the quantum transport through a mesoscopic device consisting of an open, lateral double-quantum-dot coupled by time oscillating and spin-polarization dependent tunneling which results from a static magnetic field applied in the tunneling junction. In the presence of a non-vanishing bias voltage applied to two attached macroscopic leads both spin and charge currents are driven through the device. We demonstrate that the spin and charge currents are controllable by adjusting the gate voltage, the frequency of driving field and the magnitude of the magnetic field as well. An interesting resonance phenomenon is observed.
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    The European physical journal 38 (2005), S. 511-519 
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    Notes: Abstract. Taking as a starting point a Lorentz non-invariant abelian Higgs model defined in 1 + 3 dimensions, we carry out its dimensional reduction to D = 1 + 2, obtaining a new planar model composed by a Maxwell-Chern-Simons-Proca gauge sector, a massive scalar sector, and a mixing term (involving the fixed background $v^{\mu}$ ) that imposes the Lorentz violation to the reduced model. The propagators of the scalar and massive gauge field are evaluated and the corresponding dispersion relations determined. Based on the poles of the propagators, a causality and unitarity analysis is carried out at tree level. We then show that the model is totally causal, stable and unitary.
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    The European physical journal 38 (2005), S. 395-411 
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    Notes: Abstract. The production of single- and multi-photon events has been studied in the reaction $e^ + e^-\rightarrow\gamma(\gamma) + invisible \quad particles$ . The data collected with the DELPHI detector during the years 1999 and 2000 at centre-of-mass energies between 191 GeV and 209 GeV was combined with earlier data to search for phenomena beyond the Standard Model. The measured number of light neutrino families was consistent with three and the absence of an excess of events beyond that predicted by the Standard Model processes was used to set limits on new physics. Both model-independent searches and searches for new processes predicted by supersymmetric and extra-dimensional models have been made. Limits on new non-standard model interactions between neutrinos and electrons were also determined.
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    The European physical journal 38 (2005), S. 447-459 
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    Notes: Abstract. Inclusive production cross sections are measured in deep inelastic scattering at HERA for meson states composed of a charm quark and a light antiquark or the charge conjugate. The measurements cover the kinematic region of photon virtuality 2 〈 Q 2 〈 100 Gev2, inelasticity 0.05 〈 y 〈 0.7, D meson transverse momenta $p_t(D) \ge 2.5$ Gev and pseudorapidity $\vert\eta(D)\vert \le 1.5$ . The identification of the D-meson decays and the reduction of the combinatorial background profit from the reconstruction of displaced secondary vertices by means of the H1 silicon vertex detector. The production of charmed mesons containing the light quarks u,d and s is found to be compatible with a description in which the hard scattering is followed by a factorisable and universal hadronisation process.
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    The European physical journal 38 (2005), S. 427-436 
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    Notes: Abstract. If no light Higgs boson exists, the interaction among the gauge bosons becomes strong at high energies ( $\sim 1 {\rm TeV}$ ). The effects of strong electroweak symmetry breaking (SEWSB) could manifest themselves indirectly as anomalous couplings before they give rise to new physical states like resonances. Here a study of the measurement of trilinear gauge couplings is presented looking at the hadronic decay channel of the W boson at an $e\gamma$ -collider. A sensitivity in the range of 10-3 to 10-4 can be reached depending on the coupling under consideration.
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    The European physical journal 39 (2005), S. 71-86 
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    Notes: Abstract. The recent observations of f 0(980) in charmless B decays motivate further studies of scalar particle and glueball production in these processes. Amplitudes for charmless two-body B decays involving the members of the scalar nonet are presented based on the symmetries of the dominant penguin contribution. Different scenarios for the lightest scalar nonet are investigated in view of the presently available data. We describe the evidence from B decays for f 0(1500) with a flavor octet like mixing and the hints towards the members of the $q\bar{q}$ nonet of lowest mass. There is further support for the hypothesis of a broad 0 + + glueball acting as coherent background especially in $B\to K\overline K K$ . The estimated B decay rates into gluonic mesons represent a sizable fraction of the theoretically derived decay rate for ${b\to sg}$ .
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    The European physical journal 39 (2005), S. 55-59 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The electron structure functions are studied in polarized e + e - scattering. The formulae for longitudinally and transversely polarized electrons are presented. The smallness of the electron mass leads to negligible cross-sections and asymmetries in some cases. Positivity constraints on the structure functions and parton densities are constructed and discussed. The cross-section asymmetries at very high energies, where the inclusion of all elecroweak bosons is necessary, are calculated. Numerical examples, using the asymptotic solutions for the parton densities inside the electron, are presented.
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  • 94
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    The European physical journal 39 (2005), S. 95-99 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We present an analysis of the longitudinal $\bar{\Lambda}_0$ polarization in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. The polarization of $\bar{\Lambda}_0$ ’s coming from the decay chain $\bar{\Xi}\rightarrow \bar{\Lambda}_0 + \pi$ exhibits a very well differentiated behavior depending on the production region of the primordial $\bar{\Xi}$ ’s. This effect reflects the different values of the $N_{\bar{\Xi}}/N_{\bar{\Lambda}_0}$ ratio in the QGP region, where nucleon-nucleon interactions take place in a hot and dense environment, and the peripherical region, in which ordinary nucleon-nucleon interactions occur. An increase in the longitudinal $\bar{\Lambda}_0$ polarization signals a strangeness enhancement which is thought of as a property of the QGP phase.
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  • 95
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    The European physical journal 39 (2005), S. 101-107 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Some 3-3-1 models predict the existence of a non-perturbative regime at the TeV scale. We study in these models and their supersymmetric extensions, the energy at which the non-perturbative limit and a Landau-like pole arise. An order of magnitude for the mass of the extra neutral vector boson, $Z^\prime$ , present in these models is also obtained.
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  • 96
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    The European physical journal 39 (2005), S. 249-252 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We consider gauge theories based on abelian p-forms on real compact hyperbolic spaces. Using the zeta-function regularization method and the trace tensor kernel formula, we determine explicitly an expression for the vacuum energy (Casimir energy) corresponding to skew-symmetric tensor fields. It is shown that the topological component of the Casimir energy for co-exact forms on even-dimensional spaces, associated with the trivial character, is always negative. We infer on the possible cosmological consequences of this result.
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  • 97
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    The European physical journal 39 (2005), S. 129-154 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We propose a sophisticated framework for high-energy hadronic collisions, wherein different QCD physics processes are interleaved in a common sequence of falling transverse-momentum values. Thereby phase-space competition is introduced between multiple parton-parton interactions and initial-state radiation. As a first step we develop new transverse-momentum-ordered showers for initial- and final-state radiation, which should be of use also beyond the scope of the current article. These showers are then applied in the context of multiple interactions, and a few tests of the new model are presented. The article concludes with an outlook on further aspects, such as the possibility of a shower branching giving partons participating in two different interactions.
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  • 98
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    The European physical journal 39 (2005), S. 155-161 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We perform a global parton analysis of deep inelastic and related hard-scattering data, including ${{\mathcal{O}}}(\alpha_{\rm QED})$ corrections to the parton evolution. Although the quality of the fit is essentially unchanged, there are two important physical consequences. First, the different DGLAP evolution of u and d type quarks introduces isospin violation, i.e. $u^p \neq d^n$ , which is found to be unambiguously in the direction to reduce the NuTeV $\sin^2\theta_W$ anomaly. A second consequence is the appearance of photon parton distributions $\gamma(x,Q^2)$ of the proton and the neutron. In principle these can be measured at HERA via the deep inelastic scattering processes $e N \to e\gamma X$ ; our predictions are in agreement with the present data.
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  • 99
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    The European physical journal 39 (2005), S. 435-438 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We discuss the energy dependence of the gap survival probability which follows from the rational form of the amplitude unitarization. In contrast to the eikonal form of unitarization which leads to a decreasing energy dependence of the gap survival probability, we predict a non-monotonous form for this dependence.
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  • 100
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    The European physical journal 39 (2005), S. 411-420 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Muon pair production through the radiative return is of importance for a measurement of the hadronic production cross section in two ways: it provides an independent calibration and it may give rise to an important background for the measurement of the pion form factor. With this motivation the Monte Carlo event generator PHOKHARA is extended to include next-to-leading order radiative corrections to the reaction $e^ + e^-\to \mu^ + \mu^-\gamma$ . Furthermore, virtual ISR corrections to FSR from pions are introduced, which extends the applicability of the generator into a new kinematical regime. Finally, the effect of photon vacuum polarization is introduced into this new version of the generator.
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