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  • Articles  (8,876)
  • Springer  (8,876)
  • Political Science
  • Sociology
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Welfare measurement in labour supply models with nonlinear budget constraints (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 12 (1999), S. 343-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: JEL classification: I30 ; I38 ; C25 ; J22 ; Key words: Welfare measurement ; labour supply ; lone parents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper is concerned with the measurement of individual welfare in labour supply models which allow for the impact of income taxation and income support schemes on labour supply decisions. The paper is motivated by the concern over the need to have measures which can be interpreted easily, which can be compared with net income, and which can be meaningfully aggregated. To illustrate the issues we use estimates of a discrete choice model of labour supply for United Kingdom lone mothers to compute alternative welfare measures which might be considered as having intuitive appeal to policy-makers. We compute welfare change based on these measures arising from a recent reform of the child support payments system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050103
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age structure effects and growth in the OECD, 1950–1990 (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 12 (1999), S. 431-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: JEL classification: J11 ; O40 ; O57 ; Key words: Growth ; age structure ; technology barriers ; human capital
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Economic growth depends on human resources and human needs. The demographic age structure shapes both of these factors. We study five-year data from the OECD countries 1950–1990 in the framework of an age structure augmented neoclassical growth model with gradual technical adjustment. The model performs well in both pooled and panel estimations. The growth patterns of GDP per worker (labor productivity) in the OECD countries are to a large extent explained by age structure changes. The 50–64 age group has a positive influence, and the group above 65 contributes negatively, while younger age groups have ambiguous effects. However, the mechanism behind these age effects is not yet resolved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050107
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cost of children: May the collective approach to household behavior help? (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 12 (1999), S. 503-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: JEL classification: D10 ; J13 ; J15 ; Key words: Consumption behaviour ; intra-household allocation ; cost of children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. The collective approach to household consumption behavior tries to infer from variables supposed to affect the general bargaining position of household members information on the allocation of consumptions goods and tasks among them. This paper investigates the extension of previous work to the case where children may be considered as a public consumption good by the two adult members of a household. The main question being asked is whether it is possible to retrieve from the aggregate consumption behaviour of the household and the relative earnings of the parents information on the allocation of goods between them and children. This alternative approach to the estimation of the ‘cost of children’ is contrasted with the conventional approach based on a ‘unitary’ representation of and demographic separability assumptions on household consumption behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050111
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is a significant socio-economic structural change a pre-requisite for `initial' fertility decline in the LDCs? Evidence from Thailand based on a multivariate cointegration/vector error correction modelling approach (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 12 (1999), S. 463-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: JEL classification: J13 ; O15 ; C52 ; Key words: Fertility ; vector error-correction model ; variance decomposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This study is the first attempt at placing the analysis of fertility in a temporal dynamic framework in the case of a developing Asian economy such as Thailand by binding the relationship between fertility and its determinants within a cointegrated system. The analysis is based on the application of the following recently developed dynamic time series techniques: cointegration, vector error-correction modelling, variance decompositions and the impulse response functions. The results tend to indicate that in the complex dynamic interactions, the importance of the conventional `structural' hypothesis as a significant factor in bringing fertility down in the longer term cannot be denied. However, in the short to longer term, our findings, although not fully supportive of any particular hypothesis, appear to be broadly consistent more with the hypothesis emphasising the critical role played by the `ideational' or diffusion forces along with the demographic variables in ensuring `initial' fertility decline than with the conventional `structural' hypothesis emphasising a significant socio-economic structural change as a pre-condition for `initial' fertility decline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050109
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sectoral labor supply of married couples in Brazil: Testing the unitary model of household behavior (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 12 (1999), S. 591-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: JEL classification: D1 ; J2 ; Key words: Brazil ; labor supply ; household bargaining
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. An assumption of the unitary model of household decision-making is that household members maximize one household utility function. This assumption implies that households pool their income and, therefore, the ownership of nonwage income has no effect on household demand. In this paper, this implication is tested by estimating multi-sector labor supply equations for men and women in Brazil. The results indicate that the unitary model is rejected in the informal and self-employment sectors for men and the formal and informal sectors for women; in these cases own nonwage income has a significantly negative effect on labor supply while spousal nonwage income has no significant effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050115
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of child labour in Peru and Pakistan: A comparative study (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 13 (2000), S. 3-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: JEL classification: C2, D1, I3 ; Key words: Child labour, luxury axiom, substitution axiom
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper analyses child labour participation and its key determinants using data sets from Peru and Pakistan. The results include tests of the ‘Luxury’ and ‘Substitution’ hypotheses that play key roles in recent studies on child labour and child schooling. The results reject both hypotheses in the context of child labour in Pakistan and suggest that income and related variables do not have the expected negative effect on children's work input. Rising wages of adult female labour in Pakistan, and falling adult male wage in Peru lead to increased participation of children in the labour market. The results on the combined country data formally establish the presence of strong individual country effects in the estimated regressions. For example, ceteris paribus, a Peruvian child is more likely to experience schooling than a Pakistani child. However, both countries agree on the positive role that adult female education and infrastructure investment in basic amenities can play in discouraging child labour and encouraging child schooling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050119
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of work absence on wages and wage gaps in Sweden (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 13 (2000), S. 45-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: JEL classification: J2, J3, J7 ; Key words: Short-term work absence, gender wage gap
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. We use unique information about short-term absence from the labor market among Swedish employees to investigate the potential wage loss attributed to this type of absence. A reform in the Swedish health insurance system was used as an instrument. The results indicate that women's wages are significantly reduced by work absence due to own sickness, while absence to care for a sick child has no significant wage effect. For men, we find no support for effects on wages from short-term absence. We also show that the distribution of the gender wage gap depends to a large extent on work absence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050122
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of female employment status on the presence and number of children (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 13 (2000), S. 221-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: JEL classification: C35, J13, J20 ; Key words: Hurdle count data model, fertility, female employment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. The main concern of this paper is to analyze the effects of female employment status on the presence and number of children in households in the Netherlands. For this purpose a hurdle count data model is formulated and estimated by the generalized method of moments. The hurdle takes explicitly into account the interrelationship between female employment status and timing of first birth. The number of children, once children are present in the household, is modeled conditional on female employment status. The empirical results show that female employment status is a major determinant of the presence and number of children in households: employed women schedule children later in life and have fewer children compared to nonemployed women, holding educational attainment constant. After controlling for female employment status, the educational attainment of both the woman and the man in the households are found to have relatively small effects on the presence and number of children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050135
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symposium on gender differences in transition to market economies (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 13 (2000), S. 279-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050138
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Economic transformation and the gender earnings gap in urban China (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 13 (2000), S. 305-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: JEL classification: J16, J31, J71, P23 ; Key words: Gender gap, earnings, Urban China
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. The gender wage gap and its development in urban China is analysed utilising two large scale surveys covering 10 provinces for the years 1988 and 1995. The results indicate that from an international perspective, the gender wage gap in urban China appears to be relatively small. It is, however, increasing. Decompositions based on estimated regression-models show that somewhat less than half of the average gender wage gap can be attributed to differences in variables but much less of its increase. The earnings situation of young women and women with limited education has especially deteriorated if compared to men having the same characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050140
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