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  • Springer  (10,415)
  • 1945-1949  (10,415)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 11 (1948), S. 8-18 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The vertical temperature gradient for selectet stations shows an annual variation which cannot be explained by the diurnal variation of temperature. The annual variation of temperature at fixed levels in the lower layers of atmosphere shows a trend opposite to these variations at fixed elevations in the middle layers. This fact indicates that the troposphere cannot be regarded as a layer of uniform structure. The interdiurnal variations of pressure and temperature for the individual levels and their opposite trend compel us to postulate within the troposphere a lower layer as has been observed before in various occasions and then called the layer of disturbation. It is possible to generalize these observations and to conceive of the lower layer as a planetary phenomenon and as the ground layer of the atmosphere.
    Abstract: Riassunto Il gradiente termico verticale presenta una variazione annuale che non può venir spiegata con la variazione diurna della temperatura. La variazione annuale della temperatura a livelli determinati nei bassi strati dell'atmosfera rivela un andamento opposto a quello che si riscontra negli strati centrali della troposfera. I due fatti dimostrano che la tropofera non può venir considerata come uno strato avente struttura uniforme. Le variazioni interdiurne della pressione e della temperatura nei singoli strati verticali ed il loro comportamento inverso conducono all'esistenza di uno strato inferiore in seno alla troposfera, già prima occasionalmente osservato e definito strato di perturbazione. Simili osservazioni sono atte a venir generalizzate in quanto questo strato inferiore è concepibile come fenomeno planetärio e come strato base dell'atmosfera.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der vertkkale Temperaturgradient hat bei ausgewahlten Stationen einen jährlichen Gang, der nicht durch den täglichen Temperaturgang erklärbar ist. Die jährliche Temperaturschwankung in Abhängigkeit von der Höhe zeigt ein gegenläufiges Verhalten zwischen den unteren und den mittleren Schichten der Troposphäre. Beide Erscheinungen weisen darauthin, dass man die Troposphäre nicht als eine Schicht von einheitlichem Aufbau ansehen kann. Die interdiurnen Anderungen von Druck und Temperatur in den einzelnen Höhenschichten und ihr gegenläufiges Verhalten zwingen dazu eine untere Schicht in der Troposphäre auszusondern, die scho gelegentlich früher beobachtet und dann als Störungsschicht bezeichnet wurde. Diese Beobachtungen sind aber einer Verallgemeinerung fähig, indem diese untere Schicht als planetarische Erscheinung aufzufassen und als Grundschicht der Atmosphäre zu kennzeichnen ist.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 12 (1948), S. 1-3 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The exceptional thermic conditions of the winter 1946–47 and the summer 1947 are discussed. These conditions do not mean a change of the climate of Western Europe. They concide with a period of intensive solar activity. Generally narrow connexion are present between periods of large (small) variability of the climate and large (small) solar activity.
    Notes: Résumé Les conditions thermiques exceptionelles de l'hiver 1946–47 et de l'été 1947 sont discutées en déduisant que cela ne signifie pas un changement de climat pour l'Europe occidentale: en effet, il s'agit seulement d'une coincidence avec une période d'intense activité solaire, y ayant en général une correspondance entre les époques de grande (ou petite) variabilité du climat et les périodes de forte (ou faible) activité solaire.
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  • 3
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    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 12 (1948), S. 23-52 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The purpose of the experiments described in this paper was to investigate the conditions of propagation of a transmitter situated below the surface of the ground. This problem is of interest to both radio engineers and geophysicists. By determination of the extinction and reflection areas of electrical discontinuity may be located. The experiments were carried out in German potassic salt mines. Rocks of potassic salts are known as very bad conductors. Therefore the extinction is but very little. In this area ranges up to 14 kilometres were reached. This is the greatest range obtained up to now under the surface of the ground. The investigations were carried out with different wave lengths from 10 up to 2000 metres. The influence of geological discontinuities, alkaline deposits and disturbed areas was always very great. The author mentions that the above ranges could certainly still be considerably increased by application of all technical means available at present.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1) Die Versuche fanden in den Gruben Hannovers, des Werragebietes und des Südharzes statt. 2) Die Untersuchungen erstreckten sich über das ganze praktisch in Betracht kommende Wellenband, angefangen von den Meterwellen bis in den 1000 Meter-Bereich. 3) Im Zuge der Untersuchungen konnten die bisher grössten, unter Tag überhaupt erzielten Reichweiten erreicht werden. Die grösste Reichweite wurde zwischen zwei Hannoverischen Gruben erzielt und betrug bei 14 Kilometer. 4) Frequenz und geologische Faktoren sind stets von Einfluss. 5) Die Versuche zeigen, dass unter Kalilagerstätten Funkmutungsverfahren nach dem Reflexions- und Refraktionsprinzip für grössere Aufschlussteufen möglich sind. 6) Die Versuche haben alle Voraussetzungen des Grubenfunks so weit geklärt, dass dessen praktischer Einführung nichts im Wege steht.
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  • 4
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    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 12 (1948), S. 108-112 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 5
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    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 12 (1948), S. 105-107 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 6
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    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 12 (1948), S. 121-126 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die in Uppsala registrierte Bodenunruhe ist für die Zeit 1907–1947 betreffs langperiodischen Schwankungen untersucht worden. Eine 11-jährige Variation wird festgestellt und es gibt weiter Anzeichnungen einer Variation von 28 Monaten. Die 11-jährige Variation ist seit 1923 zur Sonnenflecken-frequenz negativ korreliert und ist durch entsprechende meridionale Verschiebungen der am meisten betretenen Zyklonenbahnen, erklärt.
    Abstract: Riassunto L'agitazione microsismica registrata a Uppsala nel quarantennio 1907–1947 venne esaminata in vista di determinare le oscillazioni di lungo periodo. Si è accertata una oscillazione undecennale, trovandosi altresi indizi per una oscillazione di 28 mesi. Dal 1923 l'oscillazione undecennale manifesta una correlazione negativa con la frequenza delle macchie solari e viene spiegata con i corrispondenti spostamenti meridionali delle rotte cicloniche dominanti.
    Notes: Summary The microseisms recorded at Uppsala have been studied for the time 1907–1947 with regard to long period variations. There is clear evidence of an 11 year variation and slight indications of a 28 month variation. The 11 year variation is from 1923 negatively correlated to the sunspot frequency and is explained by corresponding meridional displacements of the dominant cyclonic tracks.
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  • 7
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    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 12 (1948), S. 168-169 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 8
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    Pure and applied geophysics 12 (1948), S. 134-144 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary It was yet often noted that the earth's magnetic field has been steadily modified on the result of seismic earth movements. The author cites many recent examples of magnetic anomalies measured in Japan after major earthquakes (Kato). The «Bassin de Paris»'s magnetic anomaly is modified during a certain time in a possible connection with magmatic removals and with some seismic activity. The earthquake of June 11 th., 1938 in Belgium shows some very interesting connections with the belgian magnetic anomaly. Suggestive relationships are noted between changes in the earth's secular magnetic field and areas of seismicity (Omer). The author thinks that the earthquakes and the deformations of the earth's magnetic field are more or less closely connected one with another, and it may perhaps be that the atomic energy (chain reactions) may explain some orogenic earthquakes and their aftershocks.
    Notes: Résumé On a déjà souvent signalé que le champ magné ique terrestre s'est trouvé modifié de façon durable à la suile de mouvements séismiques. L'auteur rappelle plusieurs exemples récents d'anomalies magnétiques mesurées au Japon à la suite d'importants séismes (Kato). L'anomalie magnélique duBassin de Paris se déforme dans le temps en liaison possible avec des déplacements magmatiques et une activité séismique avortée. Le séisme du 11 juin 1938 en Belgique montre d'intéressants rapports avec l'anomalie magnétique belge. Les cartes isoporiques mondiales présentent des relations avec les cartes de séismicité (Omer). L'auteur pense que séismes et déformations du champ magnétique terrestre sont plus ou moins étroitement liés et que peut être une réaction atomiqueen chaine peut expliquer les séismes orogéniques et leurs répliques.
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  • 9
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    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 12 (1948), S. 286-292 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 10
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    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 12 (1948), S. 295-296 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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