ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Seismic Wave Analysis for Near Surface Applications presents the foundational tools necessary to properly analyze surface waves acquired according to both active and passive techniques. Applications range from seismic hazard studies, geotechnical surveys and the exploration of extra-terrestrial bodies. Surface waves have become critical to near-surface geophysics both for geotechnical goals and seismic-hazard studies. Included in this book are the related theories, approaches and applications which the lead editor has assembled from a range of authored contributions carefully selected from the latest developments in research. A unique blend of theory and practice, the book's concepts are based on exhaustive field research conducted over the past decade from the world's leading seismologists and geophysicists. * Edited by a geophysicist with nearly 20 years of experience in research, consulting, and geoscience software development.*Nearly 100 figures, photographs, and examples aid in the understanding of fundamental concepts and techniques* Presents the latest research in seismic wave characteristics and analysis, the fundamentals of signal processing, wave data acquisition and inversion, and the latest developments in horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR).* Each chapter features a real-world case study-13 in all-to bring the book's key principles to life.

Description / Table of Contents: Geofluids : Developments in Microthermometry, Spectroscopy, Thermodynamics, and Stable Isotopes is the definitive source on paleofluids and the migration of hydrocarbons in sedimentary basins-ideal for researchers in oil and gas exploration. There's been a rapid development of new non-destructive analytical methods and interdisciplinary research that makes it difficult to find a single source of content on the subject of geofluids. Geoscience researchers commonly use multiple tools to interpret geologic problems, particularly if the problems involve fluid-rock interaction. This book perfectly combines the techniques of fluid inclusion microthermometry, stable isotope analyses, and various types of spectroscopy, including Raman analysis, to contribute to a thorough approach to research. Through a practical and intuitive step-by-step approach, the authors explain sample preparation, measurements, and the interpretation and analysis of data related to thermodynamics and mineral-fluid equilibria.* Features working examples in each chapter with step-by-step explanations and calculations* Broad range of case studies aid the analytical and experimental data* Includes appendices with equations of state, stable isotope fractionation equations, and Raman identification tables that aid in identification of fluid inclusion minerals* Authored by a team of expert scientists who have more than 60 years of related experience in the field and classroom combined

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Part I: The Evolution of European Electricity Markets ; 1-Evolution of British electricity market and the role of policy for the low carbon future ; 2-Electricity market reform in Britain: Central planning vs. free markets ; 3The French paradox: Competition, nuclear rent and price regulation ; 4-Turnaround in rough sea: The German electricity market ; 5-The growing impact of renewable energy in European electricity markets ; 6-Renewable energy, efficient electricity networks and sector-specific market power regulation ; 7-From niche to mainstream: The evolution of renewable energy in the German electricity market ; 8-The challenges of electricity market regulation in the European Union ; Part II: The evolution of electricity markets in Americas ; 9-The evolution of the PJM capacity market: Does it address the revenue sufficiency problem? ; 10-Texas electricity market: Getting better ; 11-From the brink of abyss to a green, clean and smart future: The evolution of California's electricity market ; 12-Unfinished business: The evolution of US competitive retail electricity markets ; 13-Fragmented markets: Canadian electricity sectors' ; derperformance ; 14-The integration of Latin American energy markets: An outstanding dilemma ; Part III: The evolution of BRICs electricity markets ; 15-Evolution of electricity market in Brazil ; 16-The Russian electricity market reform: Towards the re-regulation of the liberalized ; 17-Not seeing the wood for the trees? Electricity market reform in India ; 18-Reform postponed: The evolution of China's electricity markets ; Part IV: The evolution of electricity markets in Australasia ; 19-Evolution of Australia's national electricity market ; 20-Is electricity industry reform the right answer to the wrong question? Lessons from Australian restructuring and climate policy ; 21-Weak regulation, rising margins, and asset revaluations: New Zealand's failing experiment in electricity reform ; 22-The Korean electricity market: Stuck in transition ; 23-After Fukushima: The evolution of Japanese electricity market ; 24-The Singapore electricity market: From partial to full competition ; 25-Market design for variable generation

Description / Table of Contents: Every decision about energy involves its price and cost. The price of gasoline and the cost of buying from foreign producers; the price of nuclear and hydroelectricity and the costs to our ecosystems; the price of electricity from coal-fired plants and the cost to the atmosphere. Giving life to inventions, lifestyle changes, geopolitical shifts, and things in-between, energy economics is of high interest to Academia, Corporations and Governments. For economists, energy economics is one of three subdisciplines which, taken together, compose an economic approach to the exploitation and preservation of natural resources: energy economics, which focuses on energy-related subjects such as renewable energy, hydropower, nuclear power, and the political economy of energy; resource economics, which covers subjects in land and water use, such as mining, fisheries, agriculture, and forests; and, environmental economics, which takes a broader view of natural resources through economic concepts such as risk, valuation, regulation, and distribution Although the three are closely related, they are not often presented as an integrated whole.This Encyclopedia has done just that by unifying these fields into a high-quality and unique overview. The only reference work that codifies the relationships among the three subdisciplines: energy economics, resource economics and environmental economics. Understanding these relationships just became simpler! Nobel Prize Winning Editor-in-Chief (joint recipient 2007 Peace Prize), Jason Shogren, has demonstrated excellent team work again, by coordinating and steering his Editorial Board to produce a cohesive work that guides the user seamlessly through the diverse topics. This work contains in equal parts information from and about business, academic, and government perspectives and is intended to serve as a tool for unifying and systematizing research and analysis in business, universities, and government.

Description / Table of Contents: The Geologic Time Scale 2012, winner of a 2012 PROSE Award Honorable Mention for Best Multi-volume Reference in Science from the Association of American Publishers, is the framework for deciphering the history of our planet Earth. The authors have been at the forefront of chronostratigraphic research and initiatives to create an international geologic time scale for many years, and the charts in this book present the most up-to-date, international standard, as ratified by the International Commission on Stratigraphy and the International Union of Geological Sciences. This 2012 geologic time scale is an enhanced, improved and expanded version of the GTS2004, including chapters on planetary scales, the Cryogenian-Ediacaran periods/systems, a prehistory scale of human development, a survey of sequence stratigraphy, and an extensive compilation of stable-isotope chemostratigraphy.

Description / Table of Contents: "The geochemistry and chemistry of sulfur, iron and iron sulfides in sedimentary systems is reviewed. Sulfur microbiology is described and the microbial ecology of sulfidic sediments is discussed. Sulfur and iron stable isotope biochemistry is addressed against the background of recent advances in this field with respect to sedimentary and microbial systems. Environmental aspects of the present sedimentary sulfur cycle are considered with special references to the development of euxinia and global anoxic events. The biogeochemistry of ancient sulphur-rich sediments is considered and the evolution of the sedimentary sulfur system is discussed against the background of the evolution of the Earth surface environment. The evolution of the sulfur biome and its impact of the early development of life on Earth are discussed."--Cover

Description / Table of Contents: Content: PART ONE RESOURCE IDENTIFICATION AND DEVELOPMENT 1. Geology of Geothermal Regions 2. Exploration Strategies and Techniques 3. Geothermal Well Drilling 4. Reservoir Engineering PART TWO GEOTHERMAL POWER GENERATING SYSTEMS 5. Single-Flash Steam Power Plants 6. Double-Flash Steam Power Plants 7. Dry-Steam Power Plants 8. Binary Cycle Power Plants 9. Advanced Geothermal Energy Conversion Systems 10. Hot Dry Rock/Enhanced Geothermal Systems/Deep Hydrothermal Systems 11. Exergy Analysis Applied to Geothermal Power Systems PART THREE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT CASE STUDIES 12. Larderello Dry-Steam Power Plants, Tuscany, Italy 13. The Geysers Dry-Steam Power Plants, Sonoma and Lake Counties, California, U.S.A. 14. Cerro Prieto Power Station, Baja California Norte, Mexico 15. Hatchobaru Power Station, Oita Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan 16. Mutnovsky Flash-Steam Power Plant, Kamchakta Peninsula, Russia 17. Miravalles Power Station, Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica 18. Heber Binary Plants, Imperial Valley, California, USA 19. Magmamax Binary Power Plant, East Mesa, Imperial Valley California, USA 20. Raft River Plants, Idaho, USA 21. Kizildere and Salavatli Plants, Turkey 22. Nesjavellir and Hellisheidi Plants, Iceland 23. Environmental Impact of Geothermal Power Plants

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction; Cartesian Tensors and Tensor Notation; Kinematics; Conservation Laws; Vorticity Dynamics; Ideal Flow; Gravity Waves; Laminar Flow; Boundary Layers and Related Topics; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Instability; Turbulence; Geophysical Fluid Dynamics; Aerodynamics; Compressible Flow; Introduction to Biofluid Mechanics; Nomenclature; App. A Conversion Factors, Constants, Fluid Properties; App. B Mathematical Tools and Resources; App. C Founders of Modern Fluid Dynamics; App. D Visual Resources; Index

Description / Table of Contents: Completions are the conduit between hydrocarbon reservoirs and surface facilities. They are a fundamental part of any hydrocarbon field development project. The have to be designed for safely maximising the hydrocarbon recovery from the well and may have to last for many years under ever changing conditions. The issues include: connection with the reservoir rock, avoiding sand production, selecting the correct interval, pumps and other forms of artificial lift, safety and integrity, equipment selection and installation and future well interventions; and course book based on course well completion design by TRACS International. The book is unique in its field: coverage of offshore, subsea, and landbased completions in all of the major hydrocarbon basins of the world. It comes in full colour features.

Description / Table of Contents: Ultrahigh Pressure Metamorphism (UHPM) is a fast growing discipline that was established 25 years ago after discoveries of high pressure minerals, coesite and diamonds. The current explosion of research on UHMP terranes reflects their significance for understanding large scale mantle dynamics, major elements of plate tectonics such as continental collisions, deep subduction and exhumation, mountains building, geochemical recycling ´from surface to the core´, and a deep storage of light elements participating in green-house effects in the atmosphere. This book provides insights into the formation of diamond and coesite at very high pressures and explores new ideas regarding the tectonic setting of this style of metamorphism

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Earth Systems - The Crust - Tectonic Settings - The Mantle - The core - The Atmosphere and Oceans - Living Systems - Crustal and Mantle Evolution - The Supercontinent Cycle and Mantle-Plume Events - Comparative Planetary Evolution

Description / Table of Contents: Focuses on the sedimentary processes operating within the various modern and ancient deep-sea environments. The individual chapters track the way of sedimentary particles from continental erosion or production in the marine realm, to transport into the deep sea, to final deposition on the sea floor. The sedimentary processes cover several types of sediment gravity flow and contour currents, pelagic settling and hemipelagic advection, planktic and benthic bioproductivity, and volcanoclastic sedimentation. In addition, the relationships between depositional environment and endobenthic organisms, as well as early diagenetic processes at and within the deep-sea floor are dealt with. Facies models of the wide range of depositional products hold the key for a process-related interpretation of ancient deposits.

Description / Table of Contents: "Physical Properties of Rocks - a Workbook" is a symbiosis of a brief description of physical fundamentals of rock properties (based on typical experimental results and relevant theories and models) with a guide for practical use of different theoretical concepts. For this purpose a companion web site contains a selection of model based equations in excel worksheets for practical application and training by the user to work with his own data or to "play" in order to demonstrate the effects of various input information and to demonstrate the effects of various input information in petrophysical work. In two special chapters the problem of relationships between petrophysical parameters based on various model concepts is presented as a foundation for combined interpretation. This part also contains the author's 'structured model'. The workbook is a result of the more than 40 years experience of the author in teaching at universities and industrial courses. It presents all practical relevant properties of rock in one volume. It offers experimental and theoretical fundamentals in a systematic framework. It gives special focus on relationships between properties. - Contents: 1. Rocks - their classification and composition Overview, Introduction Igneous (magmatic) rocks Metamorphic rocks Sedimentary rocks 2. Pore space properties Overview, Introduction Porosity Specific internal surface Fluids in the pore space - the term "saturation" Permeability Wettability Fluid distribution - capillary pressure in a reservoir 3. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) petrophysical properties Physical origin, the principle of a NMR-measurement Description of the relaxation process (longitudinal and transverse relaxation) NMR Relaxation mechanisms of fluids in pores and fluid-surface effects Bulk relaxation and surface relaxation Diffusion-induced relaxation Description of relaxation as a multi-exponential decay - data inversion Applications Porosity and pore volume partitioning Pore size, capillary pressure and permeability estimate Fluid (hydrocarbon) typing 4 Density Definition and units Density of rock constituents Density of rocks 5 .Nuclear/Radioactive Properties Fundamentals Natural radioactivity Origin of natural gamma radiation Potassium, Uranium, and Thorium in minerals Potassium, uranium, and thorium content of rocks Spectral and integral measurements - the API unit Applications Radioactive heat generation Gamma Interactions Fundamentals Gamma-Gamma-PE measurement for mineral identification Gamma-Gamma-Density measurement and porosity estimate Neutron interactions Fundamentals Porosity from neutron measurements 6. Elastic Properties Fundamentals Results of experimental investigations, empirical equations Rock constituents Velocity of igneous and metamorphic rocks Velocity of sedimentary rocks Relationships between Vp and Vs - the Castagna equation AVO (Amplitude Versus Offset) - basic principles and link to physical properties Anisotropy Theories Overview Bounds for elastic moduli: Voigt, Reuss and Hashin-Shtrikman bounds Sphere pack models nclusion models A simpified model for fractured rocks Gassman and Biot model - modelling of fluid effects The problem of multiphase pore fluids Inelastic properties - attenuation of elastic waves Overview, definition and units Absorption of elastic waves in rocks - overview Absorption of seismic waves in igneous rocks Absorption of seismic waves in sedimentary rocks Absorption mechanisms . 7 . Electrical properties Fundamentals Electrical properties of rock components Minerals - solid components Pore fluids Specific electrical resistivity of Rocks Overview The specific electrical resistivity of porous clean rocks - Archies equations Partial water saturation Archie - rocks: Theories and models Sheet models Inclusion models Capillary models Shaly sands Introduction - The Shaly Sand Problem Laminated Shaly Sands - the Poupon Equation Dispersed Shaly Sand - the Waxman-Smits Equation Dual Water Model Simandoux Equation (1963) Indonesia Equation Comparison of some shaly sand equations Dielectric properties of rocks Conduction and Polarization - the complex nature of the two processes Experimental results - the real component of permittivity Theories and models Spectral Induced Polarization Basic mechanisms Traditional parameters of IP measurements IP in ore containing rocks IP in porous rocks 8. Thermal Properties Thermal properties of minerals and pore contents Thermal properties of rocks - experimental data Overview Thermal properties of magmatic and metamorphic rocks Sedimentary rocks Some notes about thermal expansion Theories and models Sheet models - series and parallel model Sheet models - modifications and comparable mixing rules Inclusion models 9. Magnetic properties Basics and units Magnetic properties of rock constituents Magnetic properties of rocks Overview - Rock Magnetization Susceptibility range for rock types - induced magnetization Correlations between susceptibility and content of magnetic substances Natural remanent magnetization (NRM) 10. Geomechanical properties Overview, Introduction Classification parameters Fundamental geomechanical properties and processes Correlation between static and dynamic moduli Correlation between geophysical properties and strength properties 11. Relationships between petrophysical properties - fundamentals of combined interpretation Introduction and motivation Empirical equations Relationships based on sheet models Fundamentals of combined interpretation volume based models Determination of volumetric rock composition (mineral fractions, porosity) of porous rocks - 12. Model with internal structure and bonding properties The concept of a "structured model" Porosity Electrical properties - resistivity Elastic wave velocities General equation Discussion of the "porosity-factor" Discussion of the "contact elasticity-factor" Change of structure and bonding Strength properties - a relationship between velocity and strength

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Executive summary ; 1. Greenhouse gases and the carbon cycle ; 2. The atmosphere ; 3. Extreme events ; 4. Land surface ; 5. Permafrost and hydrates ; 6. Mountain glaciers and ice caps ; 7. Ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica ; 8. Ice shelves ; 9. Sea ice ; 10. The oceans ; 11. Global sea level ; 12. Abrupt change and tipping points ; 13. Lessons from the past ; 14. The future

Description / Table of Contents: Volume 2 contains a thorough, objective review on analytical techniques and directly related matters, based on published literature, reports, personal communications, isogeochem list discussions and personal experiences. This forms part 3 of the books.

Description / Table of Contents: A guide to preparing Digital Elevation Models (DEM) for analysis and extracting land-surface parameters and objects from DEMs through a variety of software. It offers instructions on applying parameters and objects in soil, agricultural, environmental and earth sciences.Geomorphometry is the science of quantitative land-surface analysis. It draws upon mathematical, statistical, and image-processing techniques to quantify the shape of earth's topography at various spatial scales. The focus of geomorphometry is the calculation of surface-form measures (land-surface parameters) and features (objects), which may be used to improve the mapping and modelling of landforms to assist in the evaluation of soils, vegetation, land use, natural hazards, and other information. This book provides a practical guide to preparing Digital Elevation Models (DEM) for analysis and extracting land-surface parameters and objects from DEMs through a variety of software.It further offers detailed instructions on applying parameters and objects in soil, agricultural, environmental and earth sciences. This is a manual of state-of-the-art methods to serve the various researchers who use geomorphometry. Soil scientists will use this book to further learn the methods for classifying and measuring the chemical, biological, and fertility properties of soils and gain a further understaing of the role of soil as a natural resource.Geologists will find value in the instruction this book provides for measuring the physical features of the soil such as elevation, porosity, and structure which geologists use to predict natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and flooding.Technical details on a variety of software packages allow researchers to solve real-life mapping issues. This book provides soil and agronomy researchers best practice techniques for soil data analysis to assist in enhanced land-use and planning. It offers geologists essential tactics for better environmental management by providing a comprehensive analysis of the physical features of soil. The companion website includes access to the latest technological advancements previously unpublished in any other comprehensive source: geomorphometry software, DEM data sources, and applications.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Series Preface ; Book Preface ; Introduction ; Section I General Information and Emissions ; Impacts of vegetation fire emissions on the environment, human health and security a global perspective ; Climatic and weather factors affecting fire occurrence and behavior ; Characterizing sources of forest fire emissions ; Chemistry of wild land fire emissions ; Trace-gas emissions from burnings in forests and grasslands with emphasis on Brazil and California ; The influence of grassfire on atmospheric environment ; Effects of wild land fire on regional and global carbon stocks in a changing environment ; Airborne remote sensing of wildland fires ; Section II Ambient Air Quality, Visibility and Human Health - Regional Perspectives ; Effects of forest fires on air quality and visibility in North America ; Assessment of forest fires impact and emissions in the European Union based on the European Forest Fire Information System ; Forest fires and air quality issues in southern Europe ; Spatial and temporal trends in distribution of forest fires and gaseous emissions in Central and Eastern Europe ; The 2002 mega-fire event in Central Russia: meteorology, optical properties of the atmosphere, air quality, and unexpected consequences ; Radioactive emissions from forest fires near Chernobyl, Ukraine ; Effects of Applications of Wildfire on Air Quality in China ; Smoke from wildfires and prescribed burning in Australia: health and environmental issues ; Estimating contributions of wild land and prescribed fires on diurnal patterns of ozone in Southern Sierra Nevada, California ; Section III Ecological Impacts of Forest Fires and Air Pollution ; Effects of warmer climate on stress complexes in forests of western North America ; A comparison of the ecological changes in forests caused by fires in California and adjacent Baja California in Mexico ; Air pollution increases forest susceptibility to wildfires in southern California ; Wildfire effects on forest carbon and nutrient budgets and water quality in Sierran forests ; Spatial analysis of critical load exceedances, including the effects of fire, on mixed conifer forests in southern California ; Interactive effects of wild land fires and air pollution on forests and other ecosystems - a synthesis ; Section IV Management Issues ; Managing smoke from wildfires and prescribed burning in southern Australia ; Real-Time Smoke Prediction Systems applicable for land management ; Managing forests affected by air pollution, climate change and altered fire regimes near urban areas ; V. Concluding Section ; Integrating forest fires and air quality research - needs and recommendations

Description / Table of Contents: The Mekong is the most controversial river in Southeast Asia, and increasingly the focus of international attention. It flows through 6 counties, China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Viet Nam. The 4 downstream countries have formed the Mekong River Commission to promote sustainable development of the river and many of their people depend on it for their subsistence. It is possibly the largest freshwater fishery in the world, and the Mekong waters support rice agriculture in the delta in Viet Nam (which produces about 40 per cent of that country's food) as well as in Cambodia, Laos and Thailand. China is now building the first large mainstream dam on the river, and has proposals for several more. These dams are likely to affect the downstream countries. Several of the downstream countries also have plans for large scale hydropower and irrigation development which could also impact the river. This book will provide a solid overview of the biophysical environment of the Mekong together with a discussion of the possible impacts, biophysical, economic and social, of some possible development scenarios.It is intended to provide a technical basis which can inform the growing political and conservation debate about the future of the Mekong River, and those who depend on it. It is aimed at river ecologists, geographers, environmentalists and development specialists both in the basin and (especially) outside for whom access to this material is most difficult. This book will be the first comprehensive treatment of the Mekong system. This title presents the first comprehensive overview of all aspects of the Mekong River system. It deals with a regionally critical ecosystem and one under threat. The Mekong supports the world's largest freshwater fishery and provides water underpinning a major regional rice paddy system. This work presents the authoritative findings of the Mekong River Commission's research for a wider audience for the first time outside of limited distribution reports.

Description / Table of Contents: Volume 1 contains subjective reviews, specialized and novel technique descriptions by guest authors. Part 1 - includes contributions on purely analytical techniques. Part 2 - includes topics such as development of mass spectrometers, stability of ion sources, standards and calibration, correction procedures and experimental methods to obtain isotopic fractionation factors.

Description / Table of Contents: In recent years, there have been rapid strides in our understanding of plate-tectonic processes, many developments in methods of basin analysis, and the accumulation of much new surface and subsurface geological and geophysical data. Projects such as COCORP (in the United States) and Lithoprobe (in Canada) have provided essential insights into the deep crustal structure of the continent. Synthesis of all the available information about North America's geological regions has not been attempted systematically since the 'Decade of North American Geology' project undertaken by the Geological Society of America and the Geological Survey of Canada nearly twenty years ago. The book commences with a summary of the Phanerozoic geological history of the United States and Canada, illustrated with a suite of new paleogeographic maps, and tying in each of the subsequent regional chapters by the inclusion of numerous cross-references. This followed by a set of fifteen regional syntheses of the principal tectonic regions of the United States and Canada, focusing on the stratigraphic and tectonic history of the major sedimentary basins.Most of these chapters have been contributed by specialists, drawing on their own research, and providing interpretive summaries of a type not previously attempted. This book features: up to date synthesis of the sedimentary/tectonic history of the major areas of the United States and Canada; up to date references; and, many new coloured maps.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents:1. General Introduction: Clays, Clay Minerals, and Clay Science 2. Structure and Mineralogy of Clay Minerals 3. Surface and Interface Chemistry of Clay Minerals 4. Synthetic Clay Minerals and Purification of Natural Clays 5. Colloid Clay Science 6. Mechanical Properties of Clays and Clay Minerals 7. Modified Clays and Clay Minerals 8. Properties and Behavior of Iron in Clay Minerals 9. Clays, Microorganisms and Biomineralisation 10. Clays in Industry 11. Clays, Environment and Health 12. Critical Assessment of Some Analytical Techniques 13. Some Other Materials Related to Clays 14. Genesis of Clay Minerals 15. History of Clay Science: A Young Discipline 16. Teaching Clay Science: A Great Perspective

Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: Helps you learn about the climate-environment system, its sensitivity, thresholds and feedback. This book presents the science on reconstructions from the Earth System, on methodological advances and on the ability of numerical models to simulate low and high frequency changes of climate, environment, and chemical cycling related to interglacials. Contents: Chapter 1. Forcing mechanisms (ed. M. Claussen) Chapter 2. Methods of palaeoclimate reconstruction and dating (ed. Frank Sirocko) Chapter 3 Climate and vegetation in Europe during MIS5 (M.F. S nchez Goni) Chapter 4. Climate and vegetation history of MIS 5-15 in Europe (Ed. Thomas Litt). Chapter 5. Modelling past interglacial climates (ed. Martin Claussen) Chapter 6. Analysis (F. Sirocko, M,.Claussen, et al.)

Description / Table of Contents: Table of Contents: Preface. - Acknowledgements. - Section 1: Forcing Mechanisms. - Section 2: Methods of palaeoclimate reconstruction and dating. - Section 3: Climate and vegetation in Europe during MIS 5. - Section 4: Climate, Vegetation and Mammalian faunas in Europe during Middle Pleistocene Interglacials (MIS 7, 9, 11). - Section 5: Modelling past interglacial climates. - Section 6: Synthesis. - Index

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Why we should care: the impact of anthropogenic carbon dioxide on the carbon cycle.2. The thermodynamic background.3. Carbon dioxide and CO2-H2O mixtures.4. The aqueous electrolytic solution.5. The product solid phases.6. The kinetics of mineral carbonation.7. Reaction path modeling of geological CO2 sequestration.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: The Nature of Remote Sensing. - Optical Radiation Models. - Sensor Models. - Data Models. - Spectral Transforms. - Spatial Transforms. - Correction and Calibration. - Image Registration and Fusion. - Thematic Classification

Description / Table of Contents: 1: Fundamentals. 2. Governing equations for motion and deformation of block systems and heat transfer. 3. Constitutive models of rock fractures and rock masses - the basics. 4. Fluid flow and coupled hydro-mechanical behaviour of rock fractures. Part 2: Fracture System Characterization and Block Model Construction. 5. Basics of characterization of fracture systems - field mapping and stochastic simulations. 6. Basics of combinatorial topology for block system representation. 7. Numerical techniques for block system construction. Part 3: DEM approaches. 8. Explicit discrete element method for block systems the distinct element method. 9. Implicit Discrete Element Method for block systems - discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA). 10. Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) method. 11. Discrete Element Methods for granular materials. Part 4: Application Studies. 12. Case studies of Discrete Element Methods in geology, geophysics and rock engineering.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Basic principles and applications of reservoir characterization 2 Tools and techiques for characterizing oil and gas reservoirs 3. Basic sedimentary rock properties 4. Geologic time and stratigraphy 5. Geologic controls on reservoir quality 6. Fluvial deposits and reservoirs 7. Eolian (Windblown) deposits and reservoirs 8. Nondeltaic, shallow marine deposits and reservoirs 9. Deltaic deposits and reservoirs 10. Deepwater deposits and reservoirs 11. Sequence stratigraphy for reservoir characterization 12. An example of integrated characterization for Reservoir Development and exploration: Northeast Betara field, Jabung subbasin, South Sumatra, Indonesia R

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Climate and Culture Change: Exploring Holocene Transitions Mid-Holocene climate and culture change in coastal Peru. Mid-Holocene climate and culture change in the South Central Andes. Mid-Holocene Climate and cultural dynamics in Brazil and the Guianas. Culture and Climate in Mesoamerica during the middle holocene. Middle holocene environments of North and East Africa, with special emphasis on the African Sahara. Influence of holocene marine transgression and climate change on cultural evolution in Southern Mesopotamia. Mid-Holocene cultural dynamics and climate change in the Western Pacific. Mid Holocene climate and cultural dynamics in Easter Central Asia. Mid-Holocene Climate change and cultural dynamics in the basin of the Sea of Japan and Adjacent Areas Mid-Holocene Climatic and Cultural dynamics in Northern Europe. Mid-Holocene Cultural adaptations to central Maine. Mid-Holocen Cultural dynamics in Southeastern North America Mid-Holocene culture and climate on the Northwest coast of North America. Middle holocene climate change and population dispersal in Western North America.

Description / Table of Contents: Multidimensional data is data that exists and changes in more than one dimension, by time, or spatially, or both, sometimes dynamically. Thinkhere of tracking hurricane data in order to project the storm's path,for just one example. As spatial and other multidimensional datastructures become increasingly important for the applications in gameprogramming, data mining, bioinformatics, and many other areas--including astronomy, geographic information systems, physics,etc., the need for a comprehensive book on the subject is paramount.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Data Warehouse and OLAP Technology for Dat Mining Chapter 3: Data Preprocessing Chapter 4: Data Mining Primitives, Languages, and System Architectures Chapter 5: Concept Description: Characterization and Comparison Chapter 6: Mining Association Rules in Large Databases Chapter 7: Classification and Prediction Chapter 8: Cluster Analysis Chapter 9: Mining Time-Series, Sequence, and Stream Data Chapter 10: Mining Spatial, Multimedia, and Biological Databases Chapter 11: Text Mining and Web Mining Chapter 12: Visual and Audio Data Mining Chapter 13: Data Mining Applications and Trends in Data Mining

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. The Discovery of Silicate Melts. An Industrial and Geological Perspective. 2. Glass Versus Melt. 3. Glasses and Melts vs. Crystals. 4. Melt and Glass Structure - Basic Concepts. 5. Silica - A Deceitful Simplicity. 6. Binary Metal Oxide-Silica Systems I. Physical Properties.7. Binary Metal Oxide-Silica Systems II. Structure. 8. Aluminosilicate Systems I. Physical Properties. 9. Aluminosilicate Systems II. Structure. 10. Iron-bearing Melts I. Physical Properties. 11. Iron-bearing Melts II. Structure. 12. The Titanium Anomalies. 13. Phosphorus. 14. Water - An Elusive Component. 15. Volatiles I. The System C-O-H-S. 16. Volatiles II. Noble Gases and Halogens. 17. Natural Melts.

Description / Table of Contents: Geomorphology plays a fundamental role in controlling many ecosystem processes, and in turn, ecosystems can have a profound influence on many geomorphic forms and processes. Over the past few decades, a proliferation of research has developed at the interface of geomorphology and ecosystems ecology. The 2005 Binghamton Symposium brought together some of the leading researchers from both communities to address these critical interfaces between the disciplines. This paper reviews some of the aspects of the disciplines of geomorphology and ecosystems ecology, and the papers presented at the symposium. The papers in this volume illustrate the current status of the disciplines, the difficulties in bridging the disciplines, and the issues that are emerging as research priorities.

Description / Table of Contents: Table of Contents: Acknowledgements. - List of Symbols. - Abbreviations. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Governing Equations. - 3 Principles of solution of the Governing Equations. - 4 Spatial Discretisation: structured Finite Volume Schemes. - 5 Spatial Discretisation: Unstructured Finite Volume Schemes. - 6 Thermal Discretisation. - 7 Turbulence Modelling. - 8 Boundary Conditions. - 9 Acceleration Techniques. - 10 Consistency, Accuracy and Stability. - 11 Principles of Grid Generation. - 12 Description of the Source Codes. - Appendix. - Index

Description / Table of Contents: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is an important design tool in engineering and also a substantial research tool in various physical sciences. The objective of this book is to provide a solid foundation for understanding the numerical methods employed in today's CFD and to raise awarness of modern CFD codes through hands-on experience. The book will be an essential reference work for engineers and scientists starting to work in the field of CFD or those who apply CFD codes. The accompanying CD-ROM contains the sources of 1-D and 2-D Euler solvers as well as grid generators.

Description / Table of Contents: At the INQUA Congress in Berlin 1995 it was decided to compile the recent knowledge of the extent and chronology of Quaternary glaciations on a global scale. Information on maps: Glacial limits. - Morphologically expressed end moraines. - Ice-dammed lakes.Glacier-induced drainage diversions. - Location of key sections through which the glacial limits are defined and dated. The evidence from each region is discussed in three volumes 'Europe', 'North America' and 'South America, Asia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica', each of which contain a series of maps in digital format accompanied by an explanatory text which includes discussion of the type and quality of data used.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Gaussian Ensembles. The Joint Probability Density Function of the Matrix Elements. Gaussian Ensembles. The Joint Probability Density Function of the Eigenvalues. Gaussian Ensembles. Level Density. Gaussian Unitary Ensemble. Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble. Gaussian Symplectic Ensemble. Brownian Motion Model. Circular Ensembles. Circular Ensembles (Continued). Circular Ensembles. Thermodynamics. Asymptotic Behaviour of B(O,s) for Large S. Gaussian Ensemble of Anti-Symmetric Hermitian Matrices. Another Gaussian Ensemble of Hermitian Matrices. Matrices with Gaussian Element Densities but with No Unitary or Hermitian Condition Imposed. Statistical Analysis of a Level Sequence. Selberg's Integral and Its Consequences. Gaussian Ensembles. Level Density in the Tail of the Semi-Circle. Restricted Trace Ensembles. Bordered Matrices. Invariance Hypothesis and Matrix Element Correlations. Index.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Some Basic Concepts in Reservoir Engineering - PVT Analysis for Oil - Material Balance Applied to Oil Reservoirs - Darcy's Law and Applications - The Basic Differential Equation for Radial Flow in a Porous Medium - Well Inflow Equations for Stabilized Flow Conditions - The Constant Terminal Rate Solution of the Radial Diffusivity Equation and its Application to Oilwell Testing - Real Gas Flow: Gas Well Testing - Natural Water Influx - Immiscible Displacement