ALBERT

Description: This dataset reports measurements from a laboratory incubation of soils sourced from a boreal peatland and surrounding habitats (Siikaneva Bog, Finland). In August 2021, soil cores were collected from three habitat zones: a well-drained upland forest, an intermediate margin ecotone, and a Sphagnum moss bog. The cores from each habitat were taken from surface to approximately 50cm below surface using an Eijelkamp peat corer and subdivided by soil horizon. The samples were then incubated anaerobically for 140 days in three temperature treatment groups (0, 4, 20°C). Subsamples of the incubations headspace (250 µL) were measured on a gas chromatograph (7890A, Agilent Technologies, USA) with flame ionization detection (FID) for CO2 and CH4 concentrations. The rate of respiration from the samples were calculated per gram carbon and per gram soil as described in the method of Robertson., et al. (1999) and reported here, along with other relevant parameters.

Description: This data set integrates findings of 16 years (2005 to 2020) of collaborative monitoring efforts across multiple institutions in the Gulf of California.The data encompasses information of 13 species of marine herbivorous fishes belonging to five families: Acanthuridae, Girellidae, Kyphosidae, Pomacentridae and Scaridae. This database presents 884 records of biomass from 15,542 visual censuses assessed by scuba diving in 34 localities (comprising 268 rocky and coral reefs sites). Visual censuses consisted of belt transects (250 m2, 100 m2, and 60 m2) laid parallel to the coastline preserving a similar depth profiles. Along these transects, trained underwater monitors, identified the species, recorded the abundance of all the adult individuals of the 13 targeted species and visually estimated the total length (cm) of each fish. The information for each transect in the database, is presented as the biomass (grams per square meter), which was estimated based on the size per individual as well as the weight-length relationship for each species, available on the literature. In the database is also integrated the information of the latitude and longitude of each locality, type of management, localities in the Gulf of California, institutions, the initial and final year of data, total number of years, as well as the mean, standard deviation, sample size, slope (annual rate of change), probability value, standard error and minimum and maximum value calculated for each species within each locality. This dataset represents a historical reference point for the condition of the 13 species found in the Gulf of California. It can be used to perform evaluations of how herbivorous fish communities have changed over time and across different locations. This is particularly relevant due to the influence of global changes leading to tropicalization in the study area. Furthermore, this information holds significance as it supplies essential insights to those responsible for the management of protected zones in the Gulf and the broader eastern tropical Pacific region. communities have changed over time and across different locations. This is particularly relevant due to the influence of global changes leading to tropicalization in the study area. Furthermore, this information holds significance as it supplies essential insights to those responsible for the management of protected zones in the Gulf and the broader eastern tropical Pacific region.

Description: Through collaborative monitoring involving multiple academic, government, and civil institutions over a span of 16 years (2005 to 2020), we compiled 884 records of the density of 13 species of marine herbivorous fishes. The data was collected through 15,542 visual censuses conducted by scuba diving in 34 localities, encompassing 268 rocky and coral reef sites. These censuses utilized belt transects (250 m², 100 m², and 60 m²) parallel to the coastline at similar depth profiles. Trained underwater monitors recorded abundances of all adult individuals of the 13 targeted species along the transects. The information for each transect in the database is presented as the average fish density (individuals per square meter), estimated based on the abundance for each species. The database integrates information on latitude, longitude, type of management, localities in the Gulf of California, institutions, initial and final years of data collection, total number of years, as well as mean, standard deviation, sample size, slope (annual rate of change), probability value, standard error, and minimum and maximum values calculated for each species within each locality. This dataset serves as a historical benchmark for assessing the status of 13 species in the Gulf of California. It enables the examination of changes in herbivorous fish communities over time and across various locations, which is crucial given the impact of global changes leading to tropicalization in the study area. The data is particularly important for providing valuable insights to those managing protected areas in the Gulf and the broader eastern tropical Pacific region.

Description: Concentrations of particulate and dissolved organic carbon from water samples collected throughout the ice-free season in the Lena River Delta, supplemented with samples from Central Siberian Rivers Kochechum and Nizhnyaya Tunguska. Particulate samples were obtained by filtering water through pre-combusted glass-fibre filters, dissolved organic matter was studied in the filtrate. Molar concentration ratios of organic carbon to nitrogen in particulate samples are additionally reported as well as stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C in ‰ VPDB) and radiocarbon content (∆14C in ‰) of particulate and dissolved organic carbon.

Description: This data set consists of isotopic and molecular information obtained from samples of particulate and dissolved organic matter collected throughout the ice-free season in the Lena River Delta, supplemented with samples from Central Siberian Rivers Kochechum and Nizhnyaya Tunguska. Particulate samples were obtained by filtering water through pre-combusted glass-fibre filters, dissolved organic matter was studied in the filtrate. Molar concentration ratios of organic carbon to nitrogen in particulate samples are additionally reported as well as stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C in ‰ VPDB) and radiocarbon content (∆14C in ‰) of particulate and dissolved organic carbon. Concentrations of long-chain n-alkanes (n-C17 to n-C33) in suspended particulate matter samples collected on glass-fibre filters in the Lena Delta. The data set also contains stable hydrogen isotopic composition (δD) of odd-chain n-alkanes n-C23 to n-C31 expressed in permille relative to VSMOW. Contents of long-chain n-alkanes (n-C17 to n-C33) in soil samples as well as particles settled from a large-volume water sample collected in the Lena Delta. The data set also contains stable hydrogen isotopic composition (δD) of odd-chain n-alkanes n-C23 to n-C31 expressed in permille relative to VSMOW.

Description: We provide continuous bihourly temperature and humidity data (2021-2023) of five caves and two blowholes from an arid and one of the largest contiguous karst areas in the world, the Nullarbor Plain in south Australia. The data were recorded with ten TGP-4500 Tinytag Plus 2 self-contained temperature (resolution ±0.01°C or better with reading range from -25°C to +85°C) and relative humidity (resolution ±3.0% or better with reading range from 0% to 100%) data loggers, and are available in a spreadsheet form. The data have great potential to provide insight into karst underground processes, air mass movements, hydrogeology, speleothems and (palaeo)climate, current climatic changes, and biology. This data is largely a continuation of measurements beginning in 2021 (published in PANGAEA doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.939075), and additionally supplements Lipar & Ferk (2022; doi:10.3390/data7030030). Additional funding: Australian Speleological Federation Karst Conservation Fund (https://www.caves.org.au/conservation/karst-conservation-fund).

Description: Multi sensor core logging (MSCL) data from gravity cores retrieved during RV SONNE Cruise SO272 generated at MARUM University Bremen; cores 24001-1, 24003-1, 24006-1, 24009-1, 24011-1. Data: CoreThickness, PwaveAmplitude, PWaveVelocity in m per second, GammaRayAttenuation Density in g per CC, Magnetic Susceptibility in SI10^-5. The gravity cores were retrieved from the Labuan and Gaggatt Basin spanning Plio-Pleistocene to Eocene sediments. MSCL data were generated at 1 cm steps at MARUM using a GEOTEK Multi-Sensor Core Logger, a automated system for measuring bulk density (GRA density), P-wave velocity and magnetic susceptibility at whole and split cores of sediment, in September and Oktober 2021. MSCL Data were obtained to characterise the physical properties of the sediment.

Description: Multi sensor core logging (MSCL) data from gravity cores retrieved during RV SONNE Cruise SO272 generated at MARUM University Bremen; cores 24001-1, 24003-1, 24006-1, 24009-1, 24011-1. Data: CoreThickness, PwaveAmplitude, PWaveVelocity in m per second, GammaRayAttenuation Density in g per CC, Magnetic Susceptibility in SI10^-5. The gravity cores were retrieved from the Labuan and Gaggatt Basin spanning Plio-Pleistocene to Eocene sediments. MSCL data were generated at 1 cm steps at MARUM using a GEOTEK Multi-Sensor Core Logger, a automated system for measuring bulk density (GRA density), P-wave velocity and magnetic susceptibility at whole and split cores of sediment, in September and Oktober 2021. MSCL Data were obtained to characterise the physical properties of the sediment.

Description: Multi sensor core logging (MSCL) data from gravity cores retrieved during RV SONNE Cruise SO272 generated at MARUM University Bremen; cores 24001-1, 24003-1, 24006-1, 24009-1, 24011-1. Data: CoreThickness, PwaveAmplitude, PWaveVelocity in m per second, GammaRayAttenuation Density in g per CC, Magnetic Susceptibility in SI10^-5. The gravity cores were retrieved from the Labuan and Gaggatt Basin spanning Plio-Pleistocene to Eocene sediments. MSCL data were generated at 1 cm steps at MARUM using a GEOTEK Multi-Sensor Core Logger, a automated system for measuring bulk density (GRA density), P-wave velocity and magnetic susceptibility at whole and split cores of sediment, in September and Oktober 2021. MSCL Data were obtained to characterise the physical properties of the sediment.

Description: The onset of the first sustained Antarctic glaciation at the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (~34 Ma; EOT) was marked by several changes in calcareous nannofossils coinciding with long-term cooling and modifications in the sea-surface water structure. Here, we combined a high-resolution calcareous nannofossil assemblage data (%) with bulk geochemical data from IODP Site U1509 (New Caledonia Trough, Tasman Sea) in order to give an overview of the paleoclimatic and palaeoceanographic evolution of the study area.

Description: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning data from gravity cores retrieved during RV SONNE Cruise SO272 generated at MARUM University Bremen. XRF scanning was done on the split surface of the sediment cores to obtain the elemental composition from Aluminium to Uranium in order to geochemically characterise the bulk sediment composition. Cores were scanned with XRF core scanner III at MARUM University Bremen 09.12.2020 – 15.12.2020 and 23.-27.08.2021 using three runs (10kV, 30 kV and 50 kV). The gravity cores were retrieved from the Labuan and Gaggatt Basin spanning Plio-Pleistocene to Eocene sediments.

Description: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning data from gravity cores retrieved during RV SONNE Cruise SO272 generated at MARUM University Bremen. XRF scanning was done on the split surface of the sediment cores to obtain the elemental composition from Aluminium to Uranium in order to geochemically characterise the bulk sediment composition. Cores were scanned with XRF core scanner III at MARUM University Bremen 09.12.2020 – 15.12.2020 and 23.-27.08.2021 using three runs (10kV, 30 kV and 50 kV). The gravity cores were retrieved from the Labuan and Gaggatt Basin spanning Plio-Pleistocene to Eocene sediments.

Description: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning data from gravity cores retrieved during RV SONNE Cruise SO272 generated at MARUM University Bremen. XRF scanning was done on the split surface of the sediment cores to obtain the elemental composition from Aluminium to Uranium in order to geochemically characterise the bulk sediment composition. Cores were scanned with XRF core scanner III at MARUM University Bremen 09.12.2020 – 15.12.2020 and 23.-27.08.2021 using three runs (10kV, 30 kV and 50 kV). The gravity cores were retrieved from the Labuan and Gaggatt Basin spanning Plio-Pleistocene to Eocene sediments.

Description: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning data from gravity cores retrieved during RV SONNE Cruise SO272 generated at MARUM University Bremen. XRF scanning was done on the split surface of the sediment cores to obtain the elemental composition from Aluminium to Uranium in order to geochemically characterise the bulk sediment composition. Cores were scanned with XRF core scanner III at MARUM University Bremen 09.12.2020 – 15.12.2020 and 23.-27.08.2021 using three runs (10kV, 30 kV and 50 kV). The gravity cores were retrieved from the Labuan and Gaggatt Basin spanning Plio-Pleistocene to Eocene sediments.

Description: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning data from gravity cores retrieved during RV SONNE Cruise SO272 generated at MARUM University Bremen. XRF scanning was done on the split surface of the sediment cores to obtain the elemental composition from Aluminium to Uranium in order to geochemically characterise the bulk sediment composition. Cores were scanned with XRF core scanner III at MARUM University Bremen 09.12.2020 – 15.12.2020 and 23.-27.08.2021 using three runs (10kV, 30 kV and 50 kV). The gravity cores were retrieved from the Labuan and Gaggatt Basin spanning Plio-Pleistocene to Eocene sediments.

Description: Field data: Lightness data extracted from core images of gravity corer sediments collected during project Kerguelen Plateau Sediment Drifts with RV Sonne Cruise SO272 in February and March 2020. Red, Green, Blue, Hue, Saturation, Lightness data were extracted from a 5 cm long and 0.2 mm wide area in the core center using the IGOR PRO software. The gravity cores were retrieved from the Labuan and Gaggatt Basin spanning Plio-Pleistocene to Eocene sediments. Lightness data were extracted to characterise the color of the sediment and document changes.

Description: Field data: Lightness data extracted from core images of gravity corer sediments collected during project Kerguelen Plateau Sediment Drifts with RV Sonne Cruise SO272 in February and March 2020. Red, Green, Blue, Hue, Saturation, Lightness data were extracted from a 5 cm long and 0.2 mm wide area in the core center using the IGOR PRO software. The gravity cores were retrieved from the Labuan and Gaggatt Basin spanning Plio-Pleistocene to Eocene sediments. Lightness data were extracted to characterise the color of the sediment and document changes.

Description: Field data: Lightness data extracted from core images of gravity corer sediments collected during project Kerguelen Plateau Sediment Drifts with RV Sonne Cruise SO272 in February and March 2020. Red, Green, Blue, Hue, Saturation, Lightness data were extracted from a 5 cm long and 0.2 mm wide area in the core center using the IGOR PRO software. The gravity cores were retrieved from the Labuan and Gaggatt Basin spanning Plio-Pleistocene to Eocene sediments. Lightness data were extracted to characterise the color of the sediment and document changes.

Description: Field data: Lightness data extracted from core images of gravity corer sediments collected during project Kerguelen Plateau Sediment Drifts with RV Sonne Cruise SO272 in February and March 2020. Red, Green, Blue, Hue, Saturation, Lightness data were extracted from a 5 cm long and 0.2 mm wide area in the core center using the IGOR PRO software. The gravity cores were retrieved from the Labuan and Gaggatt Basin spanning Plio-Pleistocene to Eocene sediments. Lightness data were extracted to characterise the color of the sediment and document changes.

Description: Field data: Lightness data extracted from core images of gravity corer sediments collected during project Kerguelen Plateau Sediment Drifts with RV Sonne Cruise SO272 in February and March 2020. Red, Green, Blue, Hue, Saturation, Lightness data were extracted from a 5 cm long and 0.2 mm wide area in the core center using the IGOR PRO software. The gravity cores were retrieved from the Labuan and Gaggatt Basin spanning Plio-Pleistocene to Eocene sediments. Lightness data were extracted to characterise the color of the sediment and document changes.

Description: Field data: Lightness data extracted from core images of gravity corer sediments collected during project Kerguelen Plateau Sediment Drifts with RV Sonne Cruise SO272 in February and March 2020. Red, Green, Blue, Hue, Saturation, Lightness data were extracted from a 5 cm long and 0.2 mm wide area in the core center using the IGOR PRO software. The gravity cores were retrieved from the Labuan and Gaggatt Basin spanning Plio-Pleistocene to Eocene sediments. Lightness data were extracted to characterise the color of the sediment and document changes.

Description: Field data: Lightness data extracted from core images of gravity corer sediments collected during project Kerguelen Plateau Sediment Drifts with RV Sonne Cruise SO272 in February and March 2020. Red, Green, Blue, Hue, Saturation, Lightness data were extracted from a 5 cm long and 0.2 mm wide area in the core center using the IGOR PRO software. The gravity cores were retrieved from the Labuan and Gaggatt Basin spanning Plio-Pleistocene to Eocene sediments. Lightness data were extracted to characterise the color of the sediment and document changes.

Description: Multi sensor core logging (MSCL) data from gravity cores retrieved during RV SONNE Cruise SO272 generated at MARUM University Bremen; cores 24001-1, 24003-1, 24006-1, 24009-1, 24011-1. Data: CoreThickness, PwaveAmplitude, PWaveVelocity in m per second, GammaRayAttenuation Density in g per CC, Magnetic Susceptibility in SI10^-5. The gravity cores were retrieved from the Labuan and Gaggatt Basin spanning Plio-Pleistocene to Eocene sediments. MSCL data were generated at 1 cm steps at MARUM using a GEOTEK Multi-Sensor Core Logger, a automated system for measuring bulk density (GRA density), P-wave velocity and magnetic susceptibility at whole and split cores of sediment, in September and Oktober 2021. MSCL Data were obtained to characterise the physical properties of the sediment.

Description: Multi sensor core logging (MSCL) data from gravity cores retrieved during RV SONNE Cruise SO272 generated at MARUM University Bremen; cores 24001-1, 24003-1, 24006-1, 24009-1, 24011-1. Data: CoreThickness, PwaveAmplitude, PWaveVelocity in m per second, GammaRayAttenuation Density in g per CC, Magnetic Susceptibility in SI10^-5. The gravity cores were retrieved from the Labuan and Gaggatt Basin spanning Plio-Pleistocene to Eocene sediments. MSCL data were generated at 1 cm steps at MARUM using a GEOTEK Multi-Sensor Core Logger, a automated system for measuring bulk density (GRA density), P-wave velocity and magnetic susceptibility at whole and split cores of sediment, in September and Oktober 2021. MSCL Data were obtained to characterise the physical properties of the sediment.

Description: The basic observed water characteristics (pH, temperature, salinity) of Magallana angulata (also known as Crassostrea angulata) F2 generation from larval stage to adult in the hatchery located in Zhanjiang, China (21.07°N, 110.74°E) for around one year. The F2 larvae were acquired by artificial fertilization of matured F1 generation (F1_8.1-7.4 and F1_7.4-8.1). Embryos from F1_8.1-7.4 were separated into two pH levels: F2_8.1-7.4-8.1 and F2_8.1-7.4-7.4. The embryos from F1_7.4-8.1 were separated into two pH levels: F2_7.4-8.1-8.1 and F2_7.4-8.1-7.4. There were four treatments for F2 generation and reared till 2022 to test the transgenerational OA effects on oyster biological responses. Low pH was driven by bubbling of CO2-enriched air mixed with ambient air into filter seawater in the treatment tanks. pH and temperature were monitored daily with pH meter (Mettler Toledo InLab®, Switzerland) calibrated with NBS standards. Salinity was monitored using a dual-scale refractometer (MingRui, China). The seawater was utterly changed every two days during larval stage and every week for juvenile stage.

Description: The onset of the first sustained Antarctic glaciation at the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (~34 Ma; EOT) was marked by several changes in calcareous nannofossils coinciding with long-term cooling and modifications in the sea-surface water structure. Here, we combined a high-resolution calcareous nannofossil assemblage data (%) with bulk geochemical data from IODP Site U1509 (New Caledonia Trough, Tasman Sea) in order to give an overview of the paleoclimatic and palaeoceanographic evolution of the study area.

Description: The data sets contains bulk organic data of sediment core GeoTü SL167. Total organic carbon and nitrogen measurements were carried out with an Euro EA3000 elemental analyser and δ15N measurements with a Thermo Scientific Flash EA1112 coupled to a Finnigan MAT 252 IRMS. Total organic carbon mass accumulation rates (TOC MAR) based on calculation using the organic carbon content and total mass accumulation rates. A description of the calculation of the total mass accumulations rates is given in Burdanowitz et al 2021. Gravity core GeoTü SL167, was retrieved at station no. 960 during R.V. METEOR cruise M74/1b in 2007 (Bohrmann et al., 2010) from the northwestern Arabian Sea off Oman, at 22°37.2'N, 59°41.5'E, 774 m water depth, core recovery 7.39 m. The sediment core was retrieved for the reconstruction of circulation and productivity changes in the eastern Mediterranean Sea during the late Quaternary with particular focus on changes in the Indian monsoon system.

Description: The age model of sediment core GeoTü SL167 is based on 14C AMS measurements of planktonic foraminifera and is calibrated with the BACON v. 2.5.6 software for R (Blaauw & Christen, 2011) and a marine reservoir age of ΔR = 93 ± 61 years. The ΔR is based on the weighted mean of two regional marine reservoir corrections (Muscat) by Southon et al. (2002) using the marine calibration database (Reimer and Reimer, 2001, http://calib.org/marine/). Gravity core GeoTü SL167, was retrieved at station no. 960 during R.V. METEOR cruise M74/1b in 2007 (Bohrmann et al., 2010) from the northwestern Arabian Sea off Oman, at 22°37.2'N, 59°41.5'E, 774 m water depth, core recovery 7.39 m. The sediment core was retrieved for the reconstruction of circulation and productivity changes in the eastern Mediterranean Sea during the late Quaternary with particular focus on changes in the Indian monsoon system.

Description: Marine heat flow data from RV Meteor cruise M186. The GEOMAR project name is Azores Hot Vents. We used the 6 m Bremen heat probe with 21 channels @ 0.26 m spacing.

Description: Paleo±Dust is an updated compilation of bulk and 〈10-µm paleo-dust deposition rate with quantitative 1-σ uncertainties that are inter-comparable among archive types (lake sediment cores, marine sediment cores, polar ice cores, peat bog cores, loess samples). Paleo±Dust incorporates a total of 285 pre-industrial Holocene (pi-HOL) and 209 Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) dust flux constraints from studies published until December 2022. We also recalculate previously published dust fluxes to exclude data from the last deglaciation and thus obtain more representative constraints for the last pre-industrial interglacial and glacial end-member climate states. Metadata include all components necessary to derive dust deposition rate, including: age range, thickness, density, eolian content. We also include 1-sigma uncertainties on each of these components, and on the final bulk and 〈10-µm dust deposition rates. Specific notes for each site and a list of references are also included.

Description: Data was collected in a project investigating the importance of prokaryotic maintenance respiration in the marine environment. Prokaryotic respiration, growth and abundance was measured at multiple stations encompassing three sites along the Baltic Sea gradient and North Sea. Salinity covered 3 to 30. Temperature, total dissolved phosphorus and nitrogen were also measured. Measurements were done during the late summer in August and September 2017. Data from the northern most site was collected 2015 with the same methods. Duplicate Niskin bottle samples were taken from discrete depths in surface waters covering up to 70 m depth depending on site. Prokaryotic respiration was measured in 1.2 µm pre-filtered samples using oxygen optode. Prokaryotic growth was measured by the tritiated thymidine incorporation technique in pre-filtered samples. Prokaryotic abundance was measured by acridine orange stain and direct epi-fluorescence microscopy applying image analysis. Cell-specific respiration and growth rates were calculated for evaluating influence of prokaryotic maintenance respiration. The prokaryotic growth efficiency was also estimated. Results are reported in a scientific article in Frontiers in marine Science (doi:10.3389/fmars.2023.1070070).

Description: Time series of currents, salinity (conductivity), temperature Chlorophyl-a and CDOM were obtained in the period May- June 2014 by use of a McLane ice-tethered profiler in Young Sound, Greenland. At YS05 (74.238 N, 20.188 W) the mooring consisted of a 600 kHz downward-looking Nortek Aquadopp ADCP and an SBE 52-MP CTD (accuracy temperature ±0.002 C and conductivity ±0.0003 Sm-1) and WetLab ECO triplet (Cholorphyll-a and CDOM). Velocities were corrected for magnetic deviation (18.5o). The water column sampling spanned between 1.5 and 30 m depth every 30 min. The ADCP was set to sample 80 bins (bin size of 0.5 m) and each bin consisted of a 1 min ensemble average of 60 pings. The first and last bins were centred at 1m and 41 m depth. Only bins between 2.5 and 30 m were adequately measured. For further details see Boone et al., 2017 (Circulation and fjord-shelf exchange during the ice-covered period in Young Sound-Tyrolerfjord, Northwest Greenland (74 N). Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 15, 194-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.06.021).

Description: CTD data was obtained in the period April-June 2014 in Young Sound, Greenland. CTD casts were performed using an SBE-19 plus CTD (accuracy: ±0.005 C and ±0.0005 Sm-1) which was lowered through ice-drilled holes. In total, 4 transects were performed and covered from the mouth to the head of the fjord. Standardized routines of Seabird software were used on the data set for quality control and bin averaging. The data sets consist of profiles of practical salinity, temperature, potential temperature, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, turbidity, and irradiance (PAR). For further details see Boone et al., 2017 (Circulation and fjord-shelf exchange during the ice-covered period in Young Sound-Tyrolerfjord, Northwest Greenland (74o N). Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 15, 194-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.06.021).

Description: Time series data of physical oceanography (seawater conductivity, temperature, pressure, salinity) and ocean current velocities were obtained from mooring M6 on the upper part (500 m isobath) of the continental slope, just east of the Filchner Trough in the southern Weddell Sea in February 2017 - February 2021. The mooring was deployed during the WAPITI expedition on James Clark Ross (JR16004), and recovered during the COSMUS expedition with Polarstern (PS124). The attached archive contains data from 1 RCM7 (24 meters above bottom (mab herafter) and sampling interval (sint hereafter) 2h), 5 SBE56 (25, 59, 74, 126, 202 mab, sint: 120 s), 3 SBE37 (34, 99, 176 mab, sint: 600 s), 1 RDI ADCP 150 kHz (235 mab, upwardlooking, sint: 1h), 1 SBE39 (15 mab, sint: 900s). Mooring diagrams and information about data processing are provided

Description: Time series data of physical oceanography (seawater conductivity, temperature, pressure, salinity) and ocean current velocities were obtained from mooring M6 on the upper part (500 m isobath) of the continental slope, just east of the Filchner Trough in the southern Weddell Sea in February 2017 - February 2021. The mooring was deployed during the WAPITI expedition on James Clark Ross (JR16004), and recovered during the COSMUS expedition with Polarstern (PS124). The attached archive contains data from 1 RCM7 (24 meters above bottom (mab herafter) and sampling interval (sint hereafter) 2h), 5 SBE56 (25, 59, 74, 126, 202 mab, sint: 120 s), 3 SBE37 (34, 99, 176 mab, sint: 600 s), 1 RDI ADCP 150 kHz (235 mab, upwardlooking, sint: 1h), 1 SBE39 (15 mab, sint: 900s). Mooring diagrams and information about data processing are provided

Description: Samples were collected between May and August 1993 with US Coast Gard vessel Polar Sea and RV Polarstern. Multicorers were deployed within the Northeast Water (NEW) Polynya, and subcores of 16.67 cm² area x 3 cm depth were used for subsampling. Further processing of sampling is described in Jensen, 1992.

Description: This study examined the growth response of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) to diets with graded fishmeal (FM) replacement with plant, animal, and emerging protein sources (PLANT, PAP, and MIX) in comparison to a commercial-like diet (CTRL). The feeding experiment was carried out from April to July 2019 in the Centre for Aquaculture Research (ZAF) at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine research in Bremerhaven, Germany. The juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) were purchased from France Turbot (L'Épine, France) and acclimated to the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for 2 weeks prior to starting the 16 weeks experimental trial. To elucidate the effects of the protein sources and the level of FM replacement on the nutritional status of the fish, glycogen, free glucose and lipid content of liver and muscle tissue were determined at the end of the experiment (t4). Following the procedure described by Keppler and Decker (1988), glycogen content was determined photometrically after enzymatic hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose. Briefly, filet and liver samples (3 individual fish per tank; 15 fish per diet in total) were grinded under liquid nitrogen, and approx. 200 mg tissue was homogenised in 5×volume of icecold 0.6 M perchloric acid (PCA) (w:v). After one cycle of 20 s at 6000 rpm and 3 °C using Precellys 24 (Bertin Technologies, France), samples were sonicated for 2 min at 0 °C and 360 W (Branson Ultrasonics Sonifier 450; Fisher Scientific, Germany), and homogenates were immediately divided for the analysis of total and free glucose concentrations.

Description: Subsurface nutrients on the Scotian Shelf, an ocean region at the convergence of the subpolar and subtropical western boundary currents (i.e., Labrador Current and Gulf Stream), are chiefly modulated by upstream shelf and slope waters. Yet little is known about long-term fluctuations in the advective transport of nutrients to the shelf. To examine the relationships between subsurface nutrient concentrations and dominant slope water masses at the Scotian Shelf break, we assembled all available hydrographic data (temperature, salinity) and dissolved nutrient data (nitrate, phosphate, silicate) for the period 1975-2020. Hydrographic and nutrient data were extracted from the Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) data archives MEDS (Marine Environmental Data Section Archive; DFO, 2023a) and BioChem (DFO, 2023b; Devine et al., 2014), respectively, and predominantly include data from current DFO programs (e.g., Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program (AZMP)) and legacy datasets. Hydrographic data consist of vertical water column profiles collected using a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiler, generally mounted to a rosette sampler equipped with Niskin bottles for discrete water and nutrient sampling (Mitchel et al., 2002). Nutrient (nitrate, phosphate, silicate) measurements generally followed well established colorimetric techniques outlined in detail in the AZMP sampling protocol (Mitchell et al., 2002). Only nutrient data that passed initial quality control (i.e., BioChem quality flags of 1 and 0) are included in the datasets provided here (see Devine et al., 2014 for details on quality control (QC) procedures). In addition to hydrographic and nutrient parameters, datasets further include information on designated regions (e.g., WSS: Western Scotian Shelf, CSS: Central Scotian Shelf, ESS: Eastern Scotian Shelf) as defined in Lehmann et al (2023).

Description: At each station two vertical net tows were taken from the water column using a 20 μm plankton net (438-030, Hydro-Bios, Kiel, Germany) for analyses of plankton and phycotoxins. The depth of the hauls was fixed to 0 – 30 m. The collected net tow concentrates were adjusted to 1 L with filtered seawater. 150 mL aliquots were filtered under gentle vacuum (〈 0.2 bar) through 1 μm pore-size polycarbonate filters (Whatman, USA) for DNA analysis. DNA from the filters was immediately extracted by using 5% Chelex buffer (Tanabe et al. 2016). For detection of eukaryotic species, universal primers for 18S rRNA gene V7-V9 variable region (18S-V7F: TGGAGYGATHTGTCTGGTTDATTCCG and 18S-V9R: TCACCTACGGAWACCTTGTTACG; modified from Tanabe et al. 2016) were used. The procedures and techniques, applicable to the treatment of the obtained sequences, selection and taxonomic identification of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), were administered according to the workflow described in Dzhembekova et al. (2017). Taxonomic assignment was performed using BLAST against a sequence database downloaded from GenBank.

Description: 1 L samples for further phytoplankton analysis were collected from Nansen bottles installed on a SeaBird CTD Rosette from 3 layers of the water column (usually surface, termocline and deep chlorophyll maximum). The samples were preserved onboard with 20 mL formaldehyde and concentrated in the laboratory by the sedimentation method down to aprox. 30 mL. The method relies on settling and removing the supernatant in two stages, once every two weeks (Moncheva & Parr, 2010). The determination and counting of species cells in the analyzed sample fraction (1 mL) was performed under the plankton inverted microscope using 20x or 40x objectives (Moncheva, 2008). With the primary data thus obtained, the abundance (cells/L) and wet biomass (mg/m³) were calculated for each species/the highest taxonomic level that was possible to identify. The names of the identified species have been updated according to WORMS (WoRMS Editorial Board, 2022).

Description: Phycotoxins (Fuat Dursun, Bernd Krock): An 8 L aliquot of pooled water from surface water, 10 m depth and the thermocline was filtered through 5 μm polycarbonate filters for azaspiracid and karlotoxin determination. The filters were extracted by repeated rinsing with methanol, the methanolic extracts were transferred to centrifugation filters and filtered at a cutt-off of 0.45 μm by centrifugation. Filtrates were transferred into analytical glass vials for posterior LC-MS/MS determination at AWI. Net tows of each station were combined and ajusted to 1 L with filtrated seawater. Aliquots of 200 mL, 50 mL, and 20 mL were taken for DNA analysis, Cell isolation, and fixation, respectively. The remaining aliquot of the net tow concentrate was filtered through a filter array of 200, 50, and 20 μm meshes. The residue of each mesh was rinsed with filtrated seawater into a centrifugation tube, homogenized by shaking, and divided into two aliquots. Both aliquots of each size fraction were centrifuged at maximum speed for 15 min. After centrifugation, supernatants were decanted and the remaining cell pellets resuspended with a small volume of filtrated seawater and transferred to cryovials containing ceramic beads. The samples were centrifuged again and supernatants carefully removed with a pipette. To one of the two size fraction aliquots 500 μL methanol was added and the same volume of dilute acetic acid to the other. All samples were homogenized with FastPrep instrument by reciprocal shaking at maximum speed and homogenated were centrifuged. After centrifugation, the toxin containing extracts were removed and transferred to centrifugation filters. The extracts were filtered by centrifugation and the filtered extracts were transferred into analytical glass vials for LC-MS/MS and LC-FLD determination, respectively, in the home lab.

Description: Nitrite and nitrate as nitrogen (NO3+NO2), ammonium as nitrogen (NH4+), ortho-phosphate as phosphorus (o-PO4) and silica (SiO2) analyzes were measured by a QuAAtro39 Continuous Segmented Flow Analyzer consisting of an autosampler, a peristaltic pump, a chemistry manifold, a detector and data acquisition software. This protocol is in accordance with standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Dissolved oxygen (DO) was measured by using the Winkler method, in which a divalent manganese solution and strong alkali are added sequentially to the samples. Thus, dissolved oxygen rapidly oxidizes an equivalent amount of divalent manganese to basic hydroxides of higher valency states. With the presence of iodide ions in acidic conditions, the oxidized manganese reverts to its divalent state, and meanwhile, the iodine equivalent to the dissolved oxygen in the sample is released. This released iodine is titrated with a standardized thiosulfate solution and the dissolved oxygen value in the sample is calculated by potentiometric measurement using Metrohm 905 Titrando automatic titrator system. Dissolved oxygen samples are taken and analyzed in duplicate. The relative percent difference (RPD) of duplicates did not exceed 4.3% (Average is 0.62%). All results were also compared with the CTD dissolved oxygen data. pH measurements of sea waters were measured in lab by Mettler Toledo SevenMulti pH meter. The pH meter was calibrated every two days with the calibration standards at the values of 7.00 and 9.21. During the measurements, the pH values were recorded together with the current sample temperature values.

Description: The data set was acquired during the PHYCOB cruise in the frame of the Eurofleets+ programme (https://www.eurofleets.eu/2021/10/22/phycob-an-international-oceanographic-expedition-into-the-western-black-sea-coordinated-by-the-alfred-wegner-institut-helmholtz-zentrum-fur-polar-und-meeresforschung-awi/) within the Regional call in the territorrial waters of Romania and Bulgaria in the Western Baltic Sea from 11th to 17th September 2021. The aim of the cruise was to assess the occurrence of potentially harmfal algae and their associated phycotoxins in the Black Sea and the accompanying environmental parameters. Sampling was performed by CTD casts and Rosette water sampling in addition to vertical phytoplankton net hauls from 30 m depth to surface. The determined parameters include the following: Quantitative phytoplankton cell counts in water samples, qulitative determination of toxigenic species next generation sequencing data in plankton net concentrates, monoclonanal cultures established from water sample isolates, phycotoxins in plankton net concentrates, inorganic nitruinets (nitrate/nitrite, phosphate, silicate) , vitamin B12, particulate organic carbon, particulate organic nitrogen, flowcytometry data, and CTD data (temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a, oxygen, turbidity, radiance).

Description: Subsurface nutrients on the Scotian Shelf, an ocean region at the convergence of the subpolar and subtropical western boundary currents (i.e., Labrador Current and Gulf Stream), are chiefly modulated by upstream shelf and slope waters. Yet little is known about long-term fluctuations in the advective transport of nutrients to the shelf. To examine the relationships between subsurface nutrient concentrations and dominant slope water masses at the Scotian Shelf break, we assembled all available hydrographic data (temperature, salinity) and dissolved nutrient data (nitrate, phosphate, silicate) for the period 1975-2020. Hydrographic and nutrient data were extracted from the Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) data archives MEDS (Marine Environmental Data Section Archive; DFO, 2023a) and BioChem (DFO, 2023b; Devine et al., 2014), respectively, and predominantly include data from current DFO programs (e.g., Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program (AZMP)) and legacy datasets. Hydrographic data consist of vertical water column profiles collected using a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiler, generally mounted to a rosette sampler equipped with Niskin bottles for discrete water and nutrient sampling (Mitchel et al., 2002). Nutrient (nitrate, phosphate, silicate) measurements generally followed well established colorimetric techniques outlined in detail in the AZMP sampling protocol (Mitchell et al., 2002). Only nutrient data that passed initial quality control (i.e., BioChem quality flags of 1 and 0) are included in the datasets provided here (see Devine et al., 2014 for details on quality control (QC) procedures). In addition to hydrographic and nutrient parameters, datasets further include information on designated regions (e.g., WSS: Western Scotian Shelf, CSS: Central Scotian Shelf, ESS: Eastern Scotian Shelf) as defined in Lehmann et al (2023).

Description: At each station two vertical net tows were taken from the water column using a 20 μm plankton net (438-030, Hydro-Bios, Kiel, Germany) for analyses of plankton and phycotoxins. The depth of the hauls was fixed to 0 - 30 m. The collected net tow concentrates were adjusted to 1 L with filtered seawater. 50 mL aliquots were fixed with formaldehyde solution, buffered to pH 8-8.2 with disodiumtetraborate (4% final concentration) for microscopic analyses of phytoplankton. Taxonomic identification and cell counts of the net samples were done under inverted microscope (Nikon Eclipse TE2000-U) connected to a video-interactive image analysis system (L.U.C.I.A, Version 4.8, Laboratory Imaging Ltd, Prague, Czech Republic) at 400 × magnification in Sedgwick-Rafter counting chambers. Only dinoflagellates species and the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia genus were considered during the analyses. 400 cells were counted from each sample, while rare and large species were checked in the whole counting chamber (Moncheva and Parr 2010). Cell abundance was expressed in cells per net tow. Taxonomic nomenclature was according to the on-line data-base of World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/. The QC/QA of the data was performed following the quality control Guidelines for phytoplankton (Moncheva 2010). IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae was used as a reference database of toxic microalgal species selection.