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  • *Ecosystem  (1,983)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (1,597)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (386)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (1,597)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (386)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
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  • 1
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    Response to Comment on "Global assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus diversity reveals very low endemism" (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: Bruns and Taylor argue that our finding of widespread distribution among Glomeromycota "virtual taxa" is undermined by the species definition applied. Although identifying appropriate species concepts and accessing taxonomically informative traits are challenges for microorganism biogeography, the virtual taxa represent a pragmatic classification that corresponds approximately to the species rank of classical Glomeromycota taxonomy, yet is applicable to environmental DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Opik, Maarja -- Davison, John -- Moora, Mari -- Partel, Meelis -- Zobel, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):826. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5495.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Botany, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, 51005 Tartu, Estonia. maarja.opik@ut.ee. ; Department of Botany, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, 51005 Tartu, Estonia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; *Mycorrhizae ; Plant Roots/*microbiology ; *Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Comment on "Global assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus diversity reveals very low endemism" (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: Davison et al. (Reports, 28 August 2015, p. 970) claim that virtual taxa of Glomeromycota show little endemism and that endemism that exists is similar to the levels seen in plant families. We show that this is likely due to the conservative species definition rather than to any ecological pattern.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bruns, Thomas D -- Taylor, John W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):826. doi: 10.1126/science.aad4228.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA. pogon@berkeley.edu. ; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; *Mycorrhizae ; Plant Roots/*microbiology ; *Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Ecology: Vegetation's responses to climate variability (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huete, Alfredo -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 10;531(7593):181-2. doi: 10.1038/nature17301. Epub 2016 Feb 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26886792" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acclimatization ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Geographic Mapping ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Ocean science: The rise of Rhizaria (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caron, David A -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 28;532(7600):444-5. doi: 10.1038/nature17892. Epub 2016 Apr 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0371, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27096370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms/*metabolism ; *Biomass ; *Biota ; Carbon/*metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; *Oceans and Seas ; Plankton/*metabolism ; Rhizaria/*isolation & purification ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Zooplankton/*isolation & purification
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Transport: Nicaragua Canal may not benefit shipping (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Jihong -- Liu, Xiang -- England -- Nature. 2016 May 18;533(7603):321. doi: 10.1038/533321d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Shanghai Maritime University, China. ; Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27193671" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Dissent and Disputes ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Monitoring ; *Models, Economic ; *Transportation
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    The terrestrial biosphere as a net source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-11
    Description: The terrestrial biosphere can release or absorb the greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), and therefore has an important role in regulating atmospheric composition and climate. Anthropogenic activities such as land-use change, agriculture and waste management have altered terrestrial biogenic greenhouse gas fluxes, and the resulting increases in methane and nitrous oxide emissions in particular can contribute to climate change. The terrestrial biogenic fluxes of individual greenhouse gases have been studied extensively, but the net biogenic greenhouse gas balance resulting from anthropogenic activities and its effect on the climate system remains uncertain. Here we use bottom-up (inventory, statistical extrapolation of local flux measurements, and process-based modelling) and top-down (atmospheric inversions) approaches to quantify the global net biogenic greenhouse gas balance between 1981 and 2010 resulting from anthropogenic activities and its effect on the climate system. We find that the cumulative warming capacity of concurrent biogenic methane and nitrous oxide emissions is a factor of about two larger than the cooling effect resulting from the global land carbon dioxide uptake from 2001 to 2010. This results in a net positive cumulative impact of the three greenhouse gases on the planetary energy budget, with a best estimate (in petagrams of CO2 equivalent per year) of 3.9 +/- 3.8 (top down) and 5.4 +/- 4.8 (bottom up) based on the GWP100 metric (global warming potential on a 100-year time horizon). Our findings suggest that a reduction in agricultural methane and nitrous oxide emissions, particularly in Southern Asia, may help mitigate climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tian, Hanqin -- Lu, Chaoqun -- Ciais, Philippe -- Michalak, Anna M -- Canadell, Josep G -- Saikawa, Eri -- Huntzinger, Deborah N -- Gurney, Kevin R -- Sitch, Stephen -- Zhang, Bowen -- Yang, Jia -- Bousquet, Philippe -- Bruhwiler, Lori -- Chen, Guangsheng -- Dlugokencky, Edward -- Friedlingstein, Pierre -- Melillo, Jerry -- Pan, Shufen -- Poulter, Benjamin -- Prinn, Ronald -- Saunois, Marielle -- Schwalm, Christopher R -- Wofsy, Steven C -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 10;531(7593):225-8. doi: 10.1038/nature16946.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA. ; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Iowa 50011, USA. ; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France. ; Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; Global Carbon Project, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Research, GPO Box 3023, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia. ; Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. ; School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA. ; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA. ; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK. ; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA. ; Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA. ; College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK. ; The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA. ; Institute of Ecosystems and Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA. ; Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. ; Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts 02540, USA. ; Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26961656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/statistics & numerical data ; Asia ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/*metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Global Warming/prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data ; Greenhouse Effect/prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data ; Human Activities/statistics & numerical data ; Methane/analysis/*metabolism ; Nitrous Oxide/analysis/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Restoration: avoid arbitrary baselines (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mehrabi, Zia -- England -- Nature. 2016 May 25;533(7604):469. doi: 10.1038/533469c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of British Columbia, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27225111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; *Wilderness
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Plankton networks driving carbon export in the oligotrophic ocean (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-11
    Description: The biological carbon pump is the process by which CO2 is transformed to organic carbon via photosynthesis, exported through sinking particles, and finally sequestered in the deep ocean. While the intensity of the pump correlates with plankton community composition, the underlying ecosystem structure driving the process remains largely uncharacterized. Here we use environmental and metagenomic data gathered during the Tara Oceans expedition to improve our understanding of carbon export in the oligotrophic ocean. We show that specific plankton communities, from the surface and deep chlorophyll maximum, correlate with carbon export at 150 m and highlight unexpected taxa such as Radiolaria and alveolate parasites, as well as Synechococcus and their phages, as lineages most strongly associated with carbon export in the subtropical, nutrient-depleted, oligotrophic ocean. Additionally, we show that the relative abundance of a few bacterial and viral genes can predict a significant fraction of the variability in carbon export in these regions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4851848/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4851848/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guidi, Lionel -- Chaffron, Samuel -- Bittner, Lucie -- Eveillard, Damien -- Larhlimi, Abdelhalim -- Roux, Simon -- Darzi, Youssef -- Audic, Stephane -- Berline, Leo -- Brum, Jennifer R -- Coelho, Luis Pedro -- Espinoza, Julio Cesar Ignacio -- Malviya, Shruti -- Sunagawa, Shinichi -- Dimier, Celine -- Kandels-Lewis, Stefanie -- Picheral, Marc -- Poulain, Julie -- Searson, Sarah -- Tara Oceans Consortium Coordinators -- Stemmann, Lars -- Not, Fabrice -- Hingamp, Pascal -- Speich, Sabrina -- Follows, Mick -- Karp-Boss, Lee -- Boss, Emmanuel -- Ogata, Hiroyuki -- Pesant, Stephane -- Weissenbach, Jean -- Wincker, Patrick -- Acinas, Silvia G -- Bork, Peer -- de Vargas, Colomban -- Iudicone, Daniele -- Sullivan, Matthew B -- Raes, Jeroen -- Karsenti, Eric -- Bowler, Chris -- Gorsky, Gabriel -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 28;532(7600):465-70. doi: 10.1038/nature16942. Epub 2016 Feb 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Universite Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Oceanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France. ; Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. ; Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. ; Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. ; Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Evolution Paris Seine, F-75005, Paris, France. ; Ecole Normale Superieure, PSL Research University, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Superieure (IBENS), CNRS UMR 8197, INSERM U1024, 46 rue d'Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France. ; Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Universite Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire Adaptation et Diversite en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France. ; LINA UMR 6241, Universite de Nantes, EMN, CNRS, 44322 Nantes, France. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Directors' Research European Molecular Biology Laboratory Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; CEA - Institut de Genomique, GENOSCOPE, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France. ; Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, IGS, UMR 7256, 13288 Marseille, France. ; Department of Geosciences, Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique (LMD), Ecole Normale Superieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France. ; Dept of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. ; School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA. ; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan. ; PANGAEA, Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Science, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany. ; MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany. ; CNRS, UMR 8030, CP 5706 Evry, France. ; Universite d'Evry, UMR 8030, CP 5706 Evry, France. ; Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-CSIC, Pg. Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona E0800, Spain. ; Max-Delbruck-Centre for Molecular Medicine, 13092 Berlin, Germany. ; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26863193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aquatic Organisms/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Carbon/*metabolism ; Chlorophyll/metabolism ; Dinoflagellida/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Expeditions ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genes, Viral ; Geography ; Oceans and Seas ; Photosynthesis ; Plankton/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Seawater/*chemistry/microbiology/parasitology ; Synechococcus/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism/virology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Restoration: 'Garden of Eden' unrealistic (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Breed, Martin F -- Lowe, Andrew J -- Mortimer, Peter E -- England -- Nature. 2016 May 25;533(7604):469. doi: 10.1038/533469d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Adelaide, Australia. ; Kunming Institute of Botany; and World Agroforestry Centre, Kunming, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27225110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; *Wilderness
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Boreal and temperate trees show strong acclimation of respiration to warming (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-17
    Description: Plant respiration results in an annual flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere that is six times as large as that due to the emissions from fossil fuel burning, so changes in either will impact future climate. As plant respiration responds positively to temperature, a warming world may result in additional respiratory CO2 release, and hence further atmospheric warming. Plant respiration can acclimate to altered temperatures, however, weakening the positive feedback of plant respiration to rising global air temperature, but a lack of evidence on long-term (weeks to years) acclimation to climate warming in field settings currently hinders realistic predictions of respiratory release of CO2 under future climatic conditions. Here we demonstrate strong acclimation of leaf respiration to both experimental warming and seasonal temperature variation for juveniles of ten North American tree species growing for several years in forest conditions. Plants grown and measured at 3.4 degrees C above ambient temperature increased leaf respiration by an average of 5% compared to plants grown and measured at ambient temperature; without acclimation, these increases would have been 23%. Thus, acclimation eliminated 80% of the expected increase in leaf respiration of non-acclimated plants. Acclimation of leaf respiration per degree temperature change was similar for experimental warming and seasonal temperature variation. Moreover, the observed increase in leaf respiration per degree increase in temperature was less than half as large as the average reported for previous studies, which were conducted largely over shorter time scales in laboratory settings. If such dampening effects of leaf thermal acclimation occur generally, the increase in respiration rates of terrestrial plants in response to climate warming may be less than predicted, and thus may not raise atmospheric CO2 concentrations as much as anticipated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reich, Peter B -- Sendall, Kerrie M -- Stefanski, Artur -- Wei, Xiaorong -- Rich, Roy L -- Montgomery, Rebecca A -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 31;531(7596):633-6. doi: 10.1038/nature17142. Epub 2016 Mar 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Minnesota 55108, USA. ; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2753, Australia. ; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China. ; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland 20137, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26982730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acclimatization ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Cell Respiration ; Darkness ; *Ecosystem ; Forests ; *Global Warming ; North America ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Seasons ; *Temperature ; Time Factors ; Trees/classification/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Land use: A global baseline for ecosystem recovery (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kotiaho, Janne S -- ten Brink, Ben -- Harris, Jim -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 7;532(7597):37. doi: 10.1038/532037c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Jyvaskyla, Finland. ; PBL-Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Netherlands. ; Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27078561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Human Activities ; Reference Standards ; *Wilderness
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Sensitivity of global terrestrial ecosystems to climate variability (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2016-02-18
    Description: The identification of properties that contribute to the persistence and resilience of ecosystems despite climate change constitutes a research priority of global relevance. Here we present a novel, empirical approach to assess the relative sensitivity of ecosystems to climate variability, one property of resilience that builds on theoretical modelling work recognizing that systems closer to critical thresholds respond more sensitively to external perturbations. We develop a new metric, the vegetation sensitivity index, that identifies areas sensitive to climate variability over the past 14 years. The metric uses time series data derived from the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) enhanced vegetation index, and three climatic variables that drive vegetation productivity (air temperature, water availability and cloud cover). Underlying the analysis is an autoregressive modelling approach used to identify climate drivers of vegetation productivity on monthly timescales, in addition to regions with memory effects and reduced response rates to external forcing. We find ecologically sensitive regions with amplified responses to climate variability in the Arctic tundra, parts of the boreal forest belt, the tropical rainforest, alpine regions worldwide, steppe and prairie regions of central Asia and North and South America, the Caatinga deciduous forest in eastern South America, and eastern areas of Australia. Our study provides a quantitative methodology for assessing the relative response rate of ecosystems--be they natural or with a strong anthropogenic signature--to environmental variability, which is the first step towards addressing why some regions appear to be more sensitive than others, and what impact this has on the resilience of ecosystem service provision and human well-being.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seddon, Alistair W R -- Macias-Fauria, Marc -- Long, Peter R -- Benz, David -- Willis, Kathy J -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 10;531(7593):229-32. doi: 10.1038/nature16986. Epub 2016 Feb 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Allegaten 41, N-500 Bergen, Norway. ; School of Geography and the Environment, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK. ; Long-Term Ecology Laboratory, Biodiversity Institute, Oxford Martin School, Department of Zoology, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. ; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26886790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acclimatization ; Americas ; Arctic Regions ; Asia ; Australia ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; *Geographic Mapping ; Human Activities ; Models, Theoretical ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Rainforest ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Trees ; Water/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Range management: Tibetan wildlife hemmed in (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2016-02-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ji, Weihong -- Aryal, Achyut -- Su, Junhu -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 4;530(7588):33. doi: 10.1038/530033c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand; and Gansu Agricultural University, China. ; Gansu Agricultural University, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26842048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/instrumentation/legislation & jurisprudence ; Animal Migration ; Animals ; Animals, Wild/genetics/*physiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Policy/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Motor Vehicles ; Railroads ; Tibet
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Microbial oceanography: Viral strategies at sea (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thingstad, T Frede -- Bratbak, Gunnar -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 24;531(7595):454-5. doi: 10.1038/nature17303. Epub 2016 Mar 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26982732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/*virology ; *Ecosystem ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Viruses/*pathogenicity
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Lytic to temperate switching of viral communities (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-17
    Description: Microbial viruses can control host abundances via density-dependent lytic predator-prey dynamics. Less clear is how temperate viruses, which coexist and replicate with their host, influence microbial communities. Here we show that virus-like particles are relatively less abundant at high host densities. This suggests suppressed lysis where established models predict lytic dynamics are favoured. Meta-analysis of published viral and microbial densities showed that this trend was widespread in diverse ecosystems ranging from soil to freshwater to human lungs. Experimental manipulations showed viral densities more consistent with temperate than lytic life cycles at increasing microbial abundance. An analysis of 24 coral reef viromes showed a relative increase in the abundance of hallmark genes encoded by temperate viruses with increased microbial abundance. Based on these four lines of evidence, we propose the Piggyback-the-Winner model wherein temperate dynamics become increasingly important in ecosystems with high microbial densities; thus 'more microbes, fewer viruses'.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knowles, B -- Silveira, C B -- Bailey, B A -- Barott, K -- Cantu, V A -- Cobian-Guemes, A G -- Coutinho, F H -- Dinsdale, E A -- Felts, B -- Furby, K A -- George, E E -- Green, K T -- Gregoracci, G B -- Haas, A F -- Haggerty, J M -- Hester, E R -- Hisakawa, N -- Kelly, L W -- Lim, Y W -- Little, M -- Luque, A -- McDole-Somera, T -- McNair, K -- de Oliveira, L S -- Quistad, S D -- Robinett, N L -- Sala, E -- Salamon, P -- Sanchez, S E -- Sandin, S -- Silva, G G Z -- Smith, J -- Sullivan, C -- Thompson, C -- Vermeij, M J A -- Youle, M -- Young, C -- Zgliczynski, B -- Brainard, R -- Edwards, R A -- Nulton, J -- Thompson, F -- Rohwer, F -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 24;531(7595):466-70. doi: 10.1038/nature17193. Epub 2016 Mar 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, USA. ; Biology Institute, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil. ; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, USA. ; Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA. ; Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, USA. ; Rainbow Rock, Ocean View, Hawaii 96737, USA. ; Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, 6525HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands. ; Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, USA. ; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. ; Department of Biology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. ; Marine Sciences Department, Sao Paulo Federal University - Baixada Santista, Av. Alm. Saldanha da Gama, 89, Santos, Sao Paulo 11030-400, Brazil. ; National Geographic Society, 1145 17th St NW, Washington D.C. 20036, USA. ; CARMABI Foundation, Piscaderabaai z/n, Willemstad, Curacao, Netherlands Antilles. ; Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26982729" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/physiology/*virology ; Bacteriophages/pathogenicity/physiology ; Coral Reefs ; *Ecosystem ; Genes, Viral/genetics ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Lysogeny ; Models, Biological ; Virulence/genetics ; Viruses/genetics/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology: Change is in the air (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rodriguez, Barbra -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 21;532(7599):403-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27127819" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animal Migration ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; Climate Change/economics/*statistics & numerical data ; Ecology/economics/manpower/*methods/*trends ; *Ecosystem ; Plants ; Research/economics/manpower/*trends ; *Research Design ; Research Personnel ; *Uncertainty ; Ursidae ; *Weather
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Environment: Curb anchor scour for green shipping (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, Andrew R -- Broad, Allison -- England -- Nature. 2016 May 5;533(7601):36. doi: 10.1038/533036a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Wollongong, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27147022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods/trends ; *Ecosystem ; Ships/*methods
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Government cuts: Fanning the flames of Australian wildfires (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doherty, Tim S -- Maron, Martine -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 31;531(7596):580. doi: 10.1038/531580b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Deakin University, Victoria, Australia. ; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27029269" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Australia ; *Ecosystem ; Endangered Species ; *Financing, Government ; *Fires/economics/statistics & numerical data ; Forests ; *Global Warming/economics/statistics & numerical data ; Leadership ; Politics ; Research/*economics/trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Universal resilience patterns in complex networks (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-02-19
    Description: Resilience, a system's ability to adjust its activity to retain its basic functionality when errors, failures and environmental changes occur, is a defining property of many complex systems. Despite widespread consequences for human health, the economy and the environment, events leading to loss of resilience--from cascading failures in technological systems to mass extinctions in ecological networks--are rarely predictable and are often irreversible. These limitations are rooted in a theoretical gap: the current analytical framework of resilience is designed to treat low-dimensional models with a few interacting components, and is unsuitable for multi-dimensional systems consisting of a large number of components that interact through a complex network. Here we bridge this theoretical gap by developing a set of analytical tools with which to identify the natural control and state parameters of a multi-dimensional complex system, helping us derive effective one-dimensional dynamics that accurately predict the system's resilience. The proposed analytical framework allows us systematically to separate the roles of the system's dynamics and topology, collapsing the behaviour of different networks onto a single universal resilience function. The analytical results unveil the network characteristics that can enhance or diminish resilience, offering ways to prevent the collapse of ecological, biological or economic systems, and guiding the design of technological systems resilient to both internal failures and environmental changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gao, Jianxi -- Barzel, Baruch -- Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 18;530(7590):307-12. doi: 10.1038/nature16948.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Complex Network Research, Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel. ; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Center for Network Science, Central European University, Budapest 1051, Hungary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26887493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; *Ecosystem ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Regulatory Networks/*genetics ; *Models, Biological
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    Microbiology: Exclusive networks in the sea (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Limardo, Alexander J -- Worden, Alexandra Z -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jun 4;522(7554):36-7. doi: 10.1038/nature14530. Epub 2015 May 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA, and at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California. ; 1] Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA, and at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California. [2] Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26017309" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Diatoms/*metabolism/*microbiology ; *Ecosystem ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; Phytoplankton/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Rhodobacteraceae/*metabolism
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    Zanne et al. reply (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zanne, Amy E -- Tank, David C -- Cornwell, William K -- Eastman, Jonathan M -- Smith, Stephen A -- FitzJohn, Richard G -- McGlinn, Daniel J -- O'Meara, Brian C -- Moles, Angela T -- Reich, Peter B -- Royer, Dana L -- Soltis, Douglas E -- Stevens, Peter F -- Westoby, Mark -- Wright, Ian J -- Aarssen, Lonnie -- Bertin, Robert I -- Calaminus, Andre -- Govaerts, Rafael -- Hemmings, Frank -- Leishman, Michelle R -- Oleksyn, Jacek -- Soltis, Pamela S -- Swenson, Nathan G -- Warman, Laura -- Beaulieu, Jeremy M -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 21;521(7552):E6-7. doi: 10.1038/nature14394.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA. [2] Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, Missouri 63121, USA. ; 1] Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, USA. [2] Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, USA. ; 1] Department of Ecological Sciences, Systems Ecology, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [2] Evolution &Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. ; 1] Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z4, Canada. [2] Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia. ; Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA. ; Evolution &Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia. ; 1] Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. [2] Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia. ; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA. ; 1] Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. [2] Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. [3] Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. ; Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63121, USA. ; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia. ; Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada. ; Department of Biology, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, USA. ; Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. ; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AB, UK. ; 1] Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. [2] Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, 62-035 Kornik, Poland. ; 1] Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. [2] Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. ; Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA. ; 1] Evolution &Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia. [2] Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA. ; National Institute for Mathematical &Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25993971" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cold Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Freezing ; Xylem/*anatomy & histology
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    Ecology: Deep and complex ways to survive bleaching (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pandolfi, John M -- England -- Nature. 2015 Feb 5;518(7537):43-4. doi: 10.1038/nature14196. Epub 2015 Jan 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25652993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/*growth & development/*physiology ; *Climate Change ; *Coral Reefs ; *Ecosystem
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    Recovery potential of the world's coral reef fishes (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-10
    Description: Continuing degradation of coral reef ecosystems has generated substantial interest in how management can support reef resilience. Fishing is the primary source of diminished reef function globally, leading to widespread calls for additional marine reserves to recover fish biomass and restore key ecosystem functions. Yet there are no established baselines for determining when these conservation objectives have been met or whether alternative management strategies provide similar ecosystem benefits. Here we establish empirical conservation benchmarks and fish biomass recovery timelines against which coral reefs can be assessed and managed by studying the recovery potential of more than 800 coral reefs along an exploitation gradient. We show that resident reef fish biomass in the absence of fishing (B0) averages approximately 1,000 kg ha(-1), and that the vast majority (83%) of fished reefs are missing more than half their expected biomass, with severe consequences for key ecosystem functions such as predation. Given protection from fishing, reef fish biomass has the potential to recover within 35 years on average and less than 60 years when heavily depleted. Notably, alternative fisheries restrictions are largely (64%) successful at maintaining biomass above 50% of B0, sustaining key functions such as herbivory. Our results demonstrate that crucial ecosystem functions can be maintained through a range of fisheries restrictions, allowing coral reef managers to develop recovery plans that meet conservation and livelihood objectives in areas where marine reserves are not socially or politically feasible solutions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacNeil, M Aaron -- Graham, Nicholas A J -- Cinner, Joshua E -- Wilson, Shaun K -- Williams, Ivor D -- Maina, Joseph -- Newman, Steven -- Friedlander, Alan M -- Jupiter, Stacy -- Polunin, Nicholas V C -- McClanahan, Tim R -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 16;520(7547):341-4. doi: 10.1038/nature14358. Epub 2015 Apr 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3 Townsville MC, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia [2] Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3J5, Canada [3] Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia. ; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia. ; 1] Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, Perth, Western Australia 6151, Australia [2] Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia. ; Coral Reef Ecosystems Division, NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96818, USA. ; 1] Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions (CEED), University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, Queensland 4074, Australia [2] Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Programs, Bronx, New York 10460, USA. ; School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK. ; 1] Fisheries Ecology Research Lab, Department of Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA [2] Pristine Seas-National Geographic, Washington DC 20036, USA. ; Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Programs, Bronx, New York 10460, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25855298" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; *Coral Reefs ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries/*methods/standards/*statistics & numerical data ; Fishes/*physiology ; Herbivory ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; Time Factors
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    Environment: phosphate mining risks atoll culture (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Magnan, Alexandre -- Duvat, Virginie -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jun 11;522(7555):156. doi: 10.1038/522156b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations (IDDRI), Sciences Po, Paris, France. ; Littoral, Environment and Societies Research Unit (LIENSs, UMR 7266), University of La Rochelle and CNRS, La Rochelle, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26062500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; Anthozoa ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Mining/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Pacific Ocean ; Phosphates/*isolation & purification ; Polynesia
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    Predicting climate-driven regime shifts versus rebound potential in coral reefs (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-22
    Description: Climate-induced coral bleaching is among the greatest current threats to coral reefs, causing widespread loss of live coral cover. Conditions under which reefs bounce back from bleaching events or shift from coral to algal dominance are unknown, making it difficult to predict and plan for differing reef responses under climate change. Here we document and predict long-term reef responses to a major climate-induced coral bleaching event that caused unprecedented region-wide mortality of Indo-Pacific corals. Following loss of 〉90% live coral cover, 12 of 21 reefs recovered towards pre-disturbance live coral states, while nine reefs underwent regime shifts to fleshy macroalgae. Functional diversity of associated reef fish communities shifted substantially following bleaching, returning towards pre-disturbance structure on recovering reefs, while becoming progressively altered on regime shifting reefs. We identified threshold values for a range of factors that accurately predicted ecosystem response to the bleaching event. Recovery was favoured when reefs were structurally complex and in deeper water, when density of juvenile corals and herbivorous fishes was relatively high and when nutrient loads were low. Whether reefs were inside no-take marine reserves had no bearing on ecosystem trajectory. Although conditions governing regime shift or recovery dynamics were diverse, pre-disturbance quantification of simple factors such as structural complexity and water depth accurately predicted ecosystem trajectories. These findings foreshadow the likely divergent but predictable outcomes for reef ecosystems in response to climate change, thus guiding improved management and adaptation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Graham, Nicholas A J -- Jennings, Simon -- MacNeil, M Aaron -- Mouillot, David -- Wilson, Shaun K -- England -- Nature. 2015 Feb 5;518(7537):94-7. doi: 10.1038/nature14140. Epub 2015 Jan 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811 Australia. ; 1] Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 OHT, UK [2] School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. ; 1] Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811 Australia [2] Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3 Townsville MC, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia. ; 1] Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811 Australia [2] ECOSYM, UMR CNRS-UM2 5119, Universite Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex, France. ; 1] Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, Perth, Western Australia 6151, Australia [2] School of Plant Biology, Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25607371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acclimatization ; Animals ; Anthozoa/*growth & development/*physiology ; Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Coral Reefs ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/physiology ; Indian Ocean ; Pacific Ocean ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater/analysis ; Seaweed/physiology ; Seychelles ; Symbiosis ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate science: The future of coastal ocean upwelling (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Di Lorenzo, Emanuele -- England -- Nature. 2015 Feb 19;518(7539):310-1. doi: 10.1038/518310a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0340, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25693560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Finland: target for ecosystem repair is impractical (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kotiaho, Janne S -- England -- Nature. 2015 Mar 5;519(7541):33. doi: 10.1038/519033a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Jyvaskyla, Finland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25739622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods/*statistics & numerical data ; *Ecosystem ; Finland ; Forestry/methods/statistics & numerical data ; Forests
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Mining disaster: Restore habitats now (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Massante, Jhonny Capichoni -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 3;528(7580):39. doi: 10.1038/528039c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Federal University Fluminense, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26632581" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Cities ; *Disasters/prevention & control ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; *Mining ; Rainforest ; Water Pollutants/*adverse effects ; Water Supply
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Doubtful pathways to cold tolerance in plants (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edwards, Erika J -- de Vos, Jurriaan M -- Donoghue, Michael J -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 21;521(7552):E5-6. doi: 10.1038/nature14393.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 80 Waterman St, Box G-W, Providence, Rhodes Island 02912, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, PO Box 208105, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25993970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cold Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Freezing ; Xylem/*anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Ecology: Recovering the potential of coral reefs (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dulvy, Nicholas K -- Kindsvater, Holly K -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 16;520(7547):304-5. doi: 10.1038/nature14384. Epub 2015 Apr 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25855291" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods/*trends ; *Coral Reefs ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries/*methods/*statistics & numerical data ; Fishes/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Sustainable development goals: Monitor ecosystem services from space (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cord, Anna F -- Seppelt, Ralf -- Turner, Woody -- England -- Nature. 2015 Sep 3;525(7567):33. doi: 10.1038/525033a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany. ; NASA, Washington DC, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26333459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Biofuels/supply & distribution ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*statistics & numerical data ; Ecology/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring/instrumentation/*methods ; *Goals ; *Spacecraft ; United Nations
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Microbiology: Taking the bad with the good (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bergstrom, Carl T -- Kerr, Benjamin -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 28;521(7553):431-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25992542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Bacterial Agents/*biosynthesis/*metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; *Models, Biological ; *Soil Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Environment: Polluters migrate to China's poor areas (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miao, Xin -- Tang, Yanhong -- Wong, Christina W Y -- England -- Nature. 2015 Feb 26;518(7540):483. doi: 10.1038/518483d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China. ; Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China. ; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25719657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Policy/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Environmental Pollution/*analysis/economics/*legislation & ; jurisprudence/prevention & control ; Human Migration ; Industrial Waste/analysis/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Industry/*legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; *Poverty
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Parched California (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2015 Sep 3;525(7567):5. doi: 10.1038/525005b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26333434" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agricultural Irrigation/methods/trends ; Animals ; Birds ; California ; Droughts/*statistics & numerical data ; Ecology/methods/*trends ; *Ecosystem ; Fires ; Fishes ; Groundwater/analysis ; *Water Supply/analysis/statistics & numerical data ; Wetlands
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecosystem services: Academies review insecticide harm (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neumann, Peter -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 9;520(7546):157. doi: 10.1038/520157a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Bee Health, University of Bern, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25855445" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes ; Agriculture/methods ; Animals ; Bees/drug effects/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Europe ; Insecticides/*adverse effects ; Pollination ; Receptors, Nicotinic/metabolism ; Risk Assessment
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Mothers shape ecological communities (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dantzer, Ben -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):822-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa6480.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. dantzer@umich.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Competitive Behavior ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Male ; *Maternal Behavior ; Songbirds/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    ECOLOGY. NSF looks for new contractor to finish troubled observatory (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 18;350(6267):1454. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6267.1454.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26680170" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Contract Services/*economics ; Ecology/*economics ; *Ecosystem ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    FUNGAL SYMBIONTS. Global assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus diversity reveals very low endemism (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-01
    Description: The global biogeography of microorganisms remains largely unknown, in contrast to the well-studied diversity patterns of macroorganisms. We used arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus DNA from 1014 plant-root samples collected worldwide to determine the global distribution of these plant symbionts. We found that AM fungal communities reflected local environmental conditions and the spatial distance between sites. However, despite AM fungi apparently possessing limited dispersal ability, we found 93% of taxa on multiple continents and 34% on all six continents surveyed. This contrasts with the high spatial turnover of other fungal taxa and with the endemism displayed by plants at the global scale. We suggest that the biogeography of AM fungi is driven by unexpectedly efficient dispersal, probably via both abiotic and biotic vectors, including humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davison, J -- Moora, M -- Opik, M -- Adholeya, A -- Ainsaar, L -- Ba, A -- Burla, S -- Diedhiou, A G -- Hiiesalu, I -- Jairus, T -- Johnson, N C -- Kane, A -- Koorem, K -- Kochar, M -- Ndiaye, C -- Partel, M -- Reier, U -- Saks, U -- Singh, R -- Vasar, M -- Zobel, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 28;349(6251):970-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aab1161.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia. ; Centre for Mycorrhizal Research, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India. ; Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Mediterraneennes, Unite Mixte de Recherche 113, Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Vegetales, Faculte des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Universite des Antilles, BP 592, 97159, Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe (French West Indies). ; Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie de l'Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement-Institut Senegalais de Recherches Agricoles-Universite Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Departement de Biologie Vegetale, UCAD, BP 5005 Dakar, Senegal. ; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia. Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelska 135, 379 01 Trebon, Czech Republic. ; School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5694, USA. ; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia. Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. ; TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, Biotechnology and Management of Bioresources Division, TERI, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26315436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; DNA, Fungal/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Humans ; *Mycorrhizae/genetics/isolation & purification/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Phylogeography ; Plant Roots/*microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; Water ; Wind
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    Ecological feedbacks. Termite mounds can increase the robustness of dryland ecosystems to climatic change (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-07
    Description: Self-organized spatial vegetation patterning is widespread and has been described using models of scale-dependent feedback between plants and water on homogeneous substrates. As rainfall decreases, these models yield a characteristic sequence of patterns with increasingly sparse vegetation, followed by sudden collapse to desert. Thus, the final, spot-like pattern may provide early warning for such catastrophic shifts. In many arid ecosystems, however, termite nests impart substrate heterogeneity by altering soil properties, thereby enhancing plant growth. We show that termite-induced heterogeneity interacts with scale-dependent feedbacks to produce vegetation patterns at different spatial grains. Although the coarse-grained patterning resembles that created by scale-dependent feedback alone, it does not indicate imminent desertification. Rather, mound-field landscapes are more robust to aridity, suggesting that termites may help stabilize ecosystems under global change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonachela, Juan A -- Pringle, Robert M -- Sheffer, Efrat -- Coverdale, Tyler C -- Guyton, Jennifer A -- Caylor, Kelly K -- Levin, Simon A -- Tarnita, Corina E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 6;347(6222):651-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1261487.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. Mpala Research Centre, Post Office Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya. ; Mpala Research Centre, Post Office Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. Mpala Research Centre, Post Office Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya. ctarnita@princeton.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Desert Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Feedback ; Isoptera/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; *Plant Development ; *Rain ; Soil ; *Water
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    Paleoanthropology. Late Pliocene fossiliferous sedimentary record and the environmental context of early Homo from Afar, Ethiopia (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Sedimentary basins in eastern Africa preserve a record of continental rifting and contain important fossil assemblages for interpreting hominin evolution. However, the record of hominin evolution between 3 and 2.5 million years ago (Ma) is poorly documented in surface outcrops, particularly in Afar, Ethiopia. Here we present the discovery of a 2.84- to 2.58-million-year-old fossil and hominin-bearing sediments in the Ledi-Geraru research area of Afar, Ethiopia, that have produced the earliest record of the genus Homo. Vertebrate fossils record a faunal turnover indicative of more open and probably arid habitats than those reconstructed earlier in this region, which is in broad agreement with hypotheses addressing the role of environmental forcing in hominin evolution at this time. Geological analyses constrain depositional and structural models of Afar and date the LD 350-1 Homo mandible to 2.80 to 2.75 Ma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DiMaggio, Erin N -- Campisano, Christopher J -- Rowan, John -- Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume -- Deino, Alan L -- Bibi, Faysal -- Lewis, Margaret E -- Souron, Antoine -- Garello, Dominique -- Werdelin, Lars -- Reed, Kaye E -- Arrowsmith, J Ramon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 20;347(6228):1355-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1415. Epub 2015 Mar 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. dimaggio@psu.edu kreed@asu.edu. ; Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ; CNRS Geosciences Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France. ; Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA. ; Museum fur Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany. ; Biology Program, Stockton University, 101 Vera King Farris Drive, Galloway, NJ 08205, USA. ; Human Evolution Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3160, USA. ; School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ; Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Palaeobiology, Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25739409" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Ethiopia ; Fossils ; *Geologic Sediments ; *Hominidae
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    Evolutionary ecology. Cycles of species replacement emerge from locally induced maternal effects on offspring behavior in a passerine bird (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: An important question in ecology is how mechanistic processes occurring among individuals drive large-scale patterns of community formation and change. Here we show that in two species of bluebirds, cycles of replacement of one by the other emerge as an indirect consequence of maternal influence on offspring behavior in response to local resource availability. Sampling across broad temporal and spatial scales, we found that western bluebirds, the more competitive species, bias the birth order of offspring by sex in a way that influences offspring aggression and dispersal, setting the stage for rapid increases in population density that ultimately result in the replacement of their sister species. Our results provide insight into how predictable community dynamics can occur despite the contingency of local behavioral interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duckworth, Renee A -- Belloni, Virginia -- Anderson, Samantha R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):875-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1260154.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. rad3@email.arizona.edu. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700519" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/analysis ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Clutch Size ; *Competitive Behavior ; *Ecosystem ; Egg Yolk/chemistry ; Female ; Fires ; Male ; *Maternal Behavior ; Population Density ; Songbirds/*physiology ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Linked canopy, climate, and faunal change in the Cenozoic of Patagonia (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-17
    Description: Vegetation structure is a key determinant of ecosystems and ecosystem function, but paleoecological techniques to quantify it are lacking. We present a method for reconstructing leaf area index (LAI) based on light-dependent morphology of leaf epidermal cells and phytoliths derived from them. Using this proxy, we reconstruct LAI for the Cenozoic (49 million to 11 million years ago) of middle-latitude Patagonia. Our record shows that dense forests opened up by the late Eocene; open forests and shrubland habitats then fluctuated, with a brief middle-Miocene regreening period. Furthermore, endemic herbivorous mammals show accelerated tooth crown height evolution during open, yet relatively grass-free, shrubland habitat intervals. Our Patagonian LAI record provides a high-resolution, sensitive tool with which to dissect terrestrial ecosystem response to changing Southern Ocean conditions during the Cenozoic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dunn, Regan E -- Stromberg, Caroline A E -- Madden, Richard H -- Kohn, Matthew J -- Carlini, Alfredo A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 16;347(6219):258-61. doi: 10.1126/science.1260947.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. dunnr@u.washington.edu. ; Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Department of Geosciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA. ; Paleontologia de Vertebrados, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25593182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Shape ; Cell Size ; *Climate Change ; Costa Rica ; *Ecosystem ; *Forests ; Fossils ; Grassland ; Mammals/anatomy & histology ; Plant Epidermis/cytology ; *Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology ; *Plants ; South America ; Time ; Tooth Crown/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ocean plankton. Patterns and ecological drivers of ocean viral communities (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: Viruses influence ecosystems by modulating microbial population size, diversity, metabolic outputs, and gene flow. Here, we use quantitative double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viral-fraction metagenomes (viromes) and whole viral community morphological data sets from 43 Tara Oceans expedition samples to assess viral community patterns and structure in the upper ocean. Protein cluster cataloging defined pelagic upper-ocean viral community pan and core gene sets and suggested that this sequence space is well-sampled. Analyses of viral protein clusters, populations, and morphology revealed biogeographic patterns whereby viral communities were passively transported on oceanic currents and locally structured by environmental conditions that affect host community structure. Together, these investigations establish a global ocean dsDNA viromic data set with analyses supporting the seed-bank hypothesis to explain how oceanic viral communities maintain high local diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brum, Jennifer R -- Ignacio-Espinoza, J Cesar -- Roux, Simon -- Doulcier, Guilhem -- Acinas, Silvia G -- Alberti, Adriana -- Chaffron, Samuel -- Cruaud, Corinne -- de Vargas, Colomban -- Gasol, Josep M -- Gorsky, Gabriel -- Gregory, Ann C -- Guidi, Lionel -- Hingamp, Pascal -- Iudicone, Daniele -- Not, Fabrice -- Ogata, Hiroyuki -- Pesant, Stephane -- Poulos, Bonnie T -- Schwenck, Sarah M -- Speich, Sabrina -- Dimier, Celine -- Kandels-Lewis, Stefanie -- Picheral, Marc -- Searson, Sarah -- Tara Oceans Coordinators -- Bork, Peer -- Bowler, Chris -- Sunagawa, Shinichi -- Wincker, Patrick -- Karsenti, Eric -- Sullivan, Matthew B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 22;348(6237):1261498. doi: 10.1126/science.1261498.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Environmental and Evolutionary Genomics Section, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Superieure (IBENS), CNRS, UMR8197, INSERM U1024, 75230 Paris, France. ; Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-CSIC, Pg. Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, E08003, Spain. ; Genoscope, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA)-Institut de Genomique, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. ; CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Universite Paris 06, and UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. ; CNRS, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Oceanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. Sorbonne Universites, Uiversite Pierre et Marie Curie, Universite Paris 06, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Oceanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. ; Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS IGS UMR 7256, 13288 Marseille, France. ; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy. ; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0001, Japan. ; PANGAEA, Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Science, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany. MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany. ; Laboratoire de Physique des Oceans, Institut Universitaire Europeen de la Mer, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO-IUEM), Place Copernic, 29820 Plouzane, France. ; CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Universite Paris 06, and UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Superieure (IBENS), and INSERM U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, 75005, France. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Directors' Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Max-Delbruck-Centre for Molecular Medicine, 13092 Berlin, Germany. ; Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Superieure (IBENS), and INSERM U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, 75005, France. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Genoscope, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA)-Institut de Genomique, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France. CNRS, UMR 8030, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France. Universite d'Evry, UMR 8030, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France. ; Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Superieure (IBENS), and INSERM U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, 75005, France. Directors' Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. mbsulli@gmail.com karsenti@embl.de. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. mbsulli@gmail.com karsenti@embl.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Ecological and Environmental Processes ; *Ecosystem ; Metagenome/genetics ; Microbiota/genetics ; Oceans and Seas ; Plankton/*classification/genetics ; Seawater/*virology ; Viral Proteins/genetics ; Viruses/*classification/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Environment and Development. Get the science right when paying for nature's services (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naeem, S -- Ingram, J C -- Varga, A -- Agardy, T -- Barten, P -- Bennett, G -- Bloomgarden, E -- Bremer, L L -- Burkill, P -- Cattau, M -- Ching, C -- Colby, M -- Cook, D C -- Costanza, R -- DeClerck, F -- Freund, C -- Gartner, T -- Goldman-Benner, R -- Gunderson, J -- Jarrett, D -- Kinzig, A P -- Kiss, A -- Koontz, A -- Kumar, P -- Lasky, J R -- Masozera, M -- Meyers, D -- Milano, F -- Naughton-Treves, L -- Nichols, E -- Olander, L -- Olmsted, P -- Perge, E -- Perrings, C -- Polasky, S -- Potent, J -- Prager, C -- Quetier, F -- Redford, K -- Saterson, K -- Thoumi, G -- Vargas, M T -- Vickerman, S -- Weisser, W -- Wilkie, D -- Wunder, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):1206-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1403. Epub 2015 Mar 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Guidelines as Topic ; Policy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    ENTREPRENEURSHIP. Accelerators and ecosystems (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hochberg, Yael V -- Fehder, Daniel C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240):1202-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3351.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. hochberg@rice.edu. ; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; *Entrepreneurship ; Software
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    OCEANOGRAPHY. Contrasting futures for ocean and society from different anthropogenic CO(2) emissions scenarios (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-04
    Description: The ocean moderates anthropogenic climate change at the cost of profound alterations of its physics, chemistry, ecology, and services. Here, we evaluate and compare the risks of impacts on marine and coastal ecosystems-and the goods and services they provide-for growing cumulative carbon emissions under two contrasting emissions scenarios. The current emissions trajectory would rapidly and significantly alter many ecosystems and the associated services on which humans heavily depend. A reduced emissions scenario-consistent with the Copenhagen Accord's goal of a global temperature increase of less than 2 degrees C-is much more favorable to the ocean but still substantially alters important marine ecosystems and associated goods and services. The management options to address ocean impacts narrow as the ocean warms and acidifies. Consequently, any new climate regime that fails to minimize ocean impacts would be incomplete and inadequate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gattuso, J-P -- Magnan, A -- Bille, R -- Cheung, W W L -- Howes, E L -- Joos, F -- Allemand, D -- Bopp, L -- Cooley, S R -- Eakin, C M -- Hoegh-Guldberg, O -- Kelly, R P -- Portner, H-O -- Rogers, A D -- Baxter, J M -- Laffoley, D -- Osborn, D -- Rankovic, A -- Rochette, J -- Sumaila, U R -- Treyer, S -- Turley, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 3;349(6243):aac4722. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4722.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire d'Oceanographie de Villefranche, CNRS-Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, Observatoire Oceanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Sciences Po, 27 rue Saint Guillaume, F-75007 Paris, France. gattuso@obs-vlfr.fr. ; Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Sciences Po, 27 rue Saint Guillaume, F-75007 Paris, France. ; Secretariat of the Pacific Community, B.P. D5, 98848 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia. ; Nippon Foundation-UBC Nereus Program, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. ; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570, Bremenrhaven, Germany. ; Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. ; Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000 Monaco, Principality of Monaco. Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Laboratoire des Science du Climat et de l'Environnement, UMR8212, CNRS-Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives-Universite de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Gif sur Yvette, France. ; Ocean Conservancy, 1300 19th Street NW, 8th Floor, Washington, DC 20036, USA. ; Coral Reef Watch, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA. ; Global Change Institute and Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence in Coral Reef Studies, University of Queensland, Building 20, St Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia. ; School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, 3707 Brooklyn Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. ; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. ; Scottish Natural Heritage, 231 Corstorphine Road, Edinburgh EH12 7AT, Scotland. ; IUCN, Rue Mauverney 28, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. ; Environment Laboratories, International Atomic Energy Agency, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000 Monaco, Principality of Monaco. ; Program on Science, Technology, and Society, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 79 John F. Kennedy Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Sciences Po, 27 rue Saint Guillaume, F-75007 Paris, France. Fisheries Economics Research Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. ; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26138982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquaculture ; *Aquatic Organisms ; *Carbon Dioxide ; *Ecosystem ; *Global Warming ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Health ; Humans ; Oceans and Seas ; Risk ; Travel
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Sustainability. Ecosystem services lost to oil and gas in North America (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allred, Brady W -- Smith, W Kolby -- Twidwell, Dirac -- Haggerty, Julia H -- Running, Steven W -- Naugle, David E -- Fuhlendorf, Samuel D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 24;348(6233):401-2. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4785. Epub 2015 Apr 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. brady.allred@umontana.edu. ; College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. ; Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA. ; Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. ; College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. ; Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25908812" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Canada ; *Crops, Agricultural ; *Ecosystem ; *Extraction and Processing Industry ; *Oil and Gas Fields ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    PALEOECOLOGY. Human impacts on ecosystems began thousands of years ago (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 18;350(6267):1452. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6267.1452.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26680168" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Paleontology ; Plants
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Marine defaunation: animal loss in the global ocean (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-17
    Description: Marine defaunation, or human-caused animal loss in the oceans, emerged forcefully only hundreds of years ago, whereas terrestrial defaunation has been occurring far longer. Though humans have caused few global marine extinctions, we have profoundly affected marine wildlife, altering the functioning and provisioning of services in every ocean. Current ocean trends, coupled with terrestrial defaunation lessons, suggest that marine defaunation rates will rapidly intensify as human use of the oceans industrializes. Though protected areas are a powerful tool to harness ocean productivity, especially when designed with future climate in mind, additional management strategies will be required. Overall, habitat degradation is likely to intensify as a major driver of marine wildlife loss. Proactive intervention can avert a marine defaunation disaster of the magnitude observed on land.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCauley, Douglas J -- Pinsky, Malin L -- Palumbi, Stephen R -- Estes, James A -- Joyce, Francis H -- Warner, Robert R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 16;347(6219):1255641. doi: 10.1126/science.1255641.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. douglas.mccauley@lifesci.ucsb.edu. ; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. ; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA. ; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25593191" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Aquatic Organisms ; Biodiversity ; Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Endangered Species ; *Extinction, Biological ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Fragile ecosystems under pressure (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 4;349(6252):1046-7. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6252.1046.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26339010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acinonyx ; Animals ; *Droughts ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Restoration and Remediation ; Extinction, Biological ; Iran ; *Lakes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Emergency response for marine diseases (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Groner, Maya -- Breyta, Rachel -- Dobson, Andy -- Friedman, Carolyn S -- Froelich, Brett -- Garren, Melissa -- Gulland, Frances -- Maynard, Jeffrey -- Weil, Ernesto -- Wyllie-Echeverria, Sandy -- Harvell, Drew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):1210. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6227.1210-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Veterinary and Epidemiological Research, Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada. mgroner@upei.ca. ; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. ; Department of Marine Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. ; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; The Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, CA 94965, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. ; Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Mayaguez, PR 00680, USA. ; Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766223" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms/*microbiology ; *Ecosystem ; Oceans and Seas ; *Plant Diseases ; *Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Boom & bust in the Great White North (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 7;349(6248):578-81. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6248.578.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26250666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes ; *Global Warming ; *Ice Cover ; Oceans and Seas ; Plankton ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Emissions reduction is not enough (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rau, Greg H -- Greene, Charles H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 25;349(6255):1459. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6255.1459-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. ghrau@sbcglobal.net. ; Ocean Resources and Ecosystems Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26404817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; *Carbon Dioxide ; *Ecosystem ; *Global Warming ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Intensification and spatial homogenization of coastal upwelling under climate change (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-20
    Description: The timing and strength of wind-driven coastal upwelling along the eastern margins of major ocean basins regulate the productivity of critical fisheries and marine ecosystems by bringing deep and nutrient-rich waters to the sunlit surface, where photosynthesis can occur. How coastal upwelling regimes might change in a warming climate is therefore a question of vital importance. Although enhanced land-ocean differential heating due to greenhouse warming has been proposed to intensify coastal upwelling by strengthening alongshore winds, analyses of observations and previous climate models have provided little consensus on historical and projected trends in coastal upwelling. Here we show that there are strong and consistent changes in the timing, intensity and spatial heterogeneity of coastal upwelling in response to future warming in most Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUSs). An ensemble of climate models shows that by the end of the twenty-first century the upwelling season will start earlier, end later and become more intense at high but not low latitudes. This projected increase in upwelling intensity and duration at high latitudes will result in a substantial reduction of the existing latitudinal variation in coastal upwelling. These patterns are consistent across three of the four EBUSs (Canary, Benguela and Humboldt, but not California). The lack of upwelling intensification and greater uncertainty associated with the California EBUS may reflect regional controls associated with the atmospheric response to climate change. Given the strong linkages between upwelling and marine ecosystems, the projected changes in the intensity, timing and spatial structure of coastal upwelling may influence the geographical distribution of marine biodiversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Daiwei -- Gouhier, Tarik C -- Menge, Bruce A -- Ganguly, Auroop R -- England -- Nature. 2015 Feb 19;518(7539):390-4. doi: 10.1038/nature14235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sustainability and Data Sciences Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts 01908, USA. ; Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25693571" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms/physiology ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Models, Theoretical ; Pacific Ocean ; Seasons ; Seawater/analysis ; Temperature ; *Water Movements ; Wind
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Interaction and signalling between a cosmopolitan phytoplankton and associated bacteria (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Description: Interactions between primary producers and bacteria impact the physiology of both partners, alter the chemistry of their environment, and shape ecosystem diversity. In marine ecosystems, these interactions are difficult to study partly because the major photosynthetic organisms are microscopic, unicellular phytoplankton. Coastal phytoplankton communities are dominated by diatoms, which generate approximately 40% of marine primary production and form the base of many marine food webs. Diatoms co-occur with specific bacterial taxa, but the mechanisms of potential interactions are mostly unknown. Here we tease apart a bacterial consortium associated with a globally distributed diatom and find that a Sulfitobacter species promotes diatom cell division via secretion of the hormone indole-3-acetic acid, synthesized by the bacterium using both diatom-secreted and endogenous tryptophan. Indole-3-acetic acid and tryptophan serve as signalling molecules that are part of a complex exchange of nutrients, including diatom-excreted organosulfur molecules and bacterial-excreted ammonia. The potential prevalence of this mode of signalling in the oceans is corroborated by metabolite and metatranscriptome analyses that show widespread indole-3-acetic acid production by Sulfitobacter-related bacteria, particularly in coastal environments. Our study expands on the emerging recognition that marine microbial communities are part of tightly connected networks by providing evidence that these interactions are mediated through production and exchange of infochemicals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amin, S A -- Hmelo, L R -- van Tol, H M -- Durham, B P -- Carlson, L T -- Heal, K R -- Morales, R L -- Berthiaume, C T -- Parker, M S -- Djunaedi, B -- Ingalls, A E -- Parsek, M R -- Moran, M A -- Armbrust, E V -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jun 4;522(7554):98-101. doi: 10.1038/nature14488. Epub 2015 May 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA [2] Chemistry Faculty, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. ; Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. ; School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. ; Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA. ; Department of Marine Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26017307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Diatoms/cytology/genetics/*metabolism/*microbiology ; *Ecosystem ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; Metabolomics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oceans and Seas ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/cytology/genetics/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Rhodobacteraceae/genetics/*metabolism ; Seawater/chemistry ; Transcriptome ; Tryptophan/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biodiversity increases the resistance of ecosystem productivity to climate extremes (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-10-16
    Description: It remains unclear whether biodiversity buffers ecosystems against climate extremes, which are becoming increasingly frequent worldwide. Early results suggested that the ecosystem productivity of diverse grassland plant communities was more resistant, changing less during drought, and more resilient, recovering more quickly after drought, than that of depauperate communities. However, subsequent experimental tests produced mixed results. Here we use data from 46 experiments that manipulated grassland plant diversity to test whether biodiversity provides resistance during and resilience after climate events. We show that biodiversity increased ecosystem resistance for a broad range of climate events, including wet or dry, moderate or extreme, and brief or prolonged events. Across all studies and climate events, the productivity of low-diversity communities with one or two species changed by approximately 50% during climate events, whereas that of high-diversity communities with 16-32 species was more resistant, changing by only approximately 25%. By a year after each climate event, ecosystem productivity had often fully recovered, or overshot, normal levels of productivity in both high- and low-diversity communities, leading to no detectable dependence of ecosystem resilience on biodiversity. Our results suggest that biodiversity mainly stabilizes ecosystem productivity, and productivity-dependent ecosystem services, by increasing resistance to climate events. Anthropogenic environmental changes that drive biodiversity loss thus seem likely to decrease ecosystem stability, and restoration of biodiversity to increase it, mainly by changing the resistance of ecosystem productivity to climate events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Isbell, Forest -- Craven, Dylan -- Connolly, John -- Loreau, Michel -- Schmid, Bernhard -- Beierkuhnlein, Carl -- Bezemer, T Martijn -- Bonin, Catherine -- Bruelheide, Helge -- de Luca, Enrica -- Ebeling, Anne -- Griffin, John N -- Guo, Qinfeng -- Hautier, Yann -- Hector, Andy -- Jentsch, Anke -- Kreyling, Jurgen -- Lanta, Vojtech -- Manning, Pete -- Meyer, Sebastian T -- Mori, Akira S -- Naeem, Shahid -- Niklaus, Pascal A -- Polley, H Wayne -- Reich, Peter B -- Roscher, Christiane -- Seabloom, Eric W -- Smith, Melinda D -- Thakur, Madhav P -- Tilman, David -- Tracy, Benjamin F -- van der Putten, Wim H -- van Ruijven, Jasper -- Weigelt, Alexandra -- Weisser, Wolfgang W -- Wilsey, Brian -- Eisenhauer, Nico -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 22;526(7574):574-7. doi: 10.1038/nature15374. Epub 2015 Oct 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. ; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. ; Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. ; Ecological and Environmental Modelling Group, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. ; Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Experimental Ecology Station, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Moulis 09200, France. ; Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Department of Biogeography, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany. ; Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands. ; Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA. ; Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle, Germany. ; Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 159, 07743 Jena, Germany. ; Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA28PP, UK. ; USDA FS, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, RTP, North Carolina 27709, USA. ; Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands. ; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK. ; Disturbance Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany. ; Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. ; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. ; Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland. ; Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universitat Munchen, 85354 Freising, Germany. ; Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan. ; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA. ; US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, Texas 76502, USA. ; Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108 USA. ; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, New South Wales 2753, Australia. ; UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Community Ecology, 06120 Halle, Germany. ; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA. ; Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106 USA. ; Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Smyth Hall 0404, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA. ; Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 8123, 6700 ES Wageningen, The Netherlands. ; Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. ; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26466564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Climate ; Climate Change/statistics & numerical data ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Disasters/statistics & numerical data ; Droughts ; *Ecosystem ; Grassland ; Human Activities ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Holocene shifts in the assembly of plant and animal communities implicate human impacts (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-18
    Description: Understanding how ecological communities are organized and how they change through time is critical to predicting the effects of climate change. Recent work documenting the co-occurrence structure of modern communities found that most significant species pairs co-occur less frequently than would be expected by chance. However, little is known about how co-occurrence structure changes through time. Here we evaluate changes in plant and animal community organization over geological time by quantifying the co-occurrence structure of 359,896 unique taxon pairs in 80 assemblages spanning the past 300 million years. Co-occurrences of most taxon pairs were statistically random, but a significant fraction were spatially aggregated or segregated. Aggregated pairs dominated from the Carboniferous period (307 million years ago) to the early Holocene epoch (11,700 years before present), when there was a pronounced shift to more segregated pairs, a trend that continues in modern assemblages. The shift began during the Holocene and coincided with increasing human population size and the spread of agriculture in North America. Before the shift, an average of 64% of significant pairs were aggregated; after the shift, the average dropped to 37%. The organization of modern and late Holocene plant and animal assemblages differs fundamentally from that of assemblages over the past 300 million years that predate the large-scale impacts of humans. Our results suggest that the rules governing the assembly of communities have recently been changed by human activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lyons, S Kathleen -- Amatangelo, Kathryn L -- Behrensmeyer, Anna K -- Bercovici, Antoine -- Blois, Jessica L -- Davis, Matt -- DiMichele, William A -- Du, Andrew -- Eronen, Jussi T -- Faith, J Tyler -- Graves, Gary R -- Jud, Nathan -- Labandeira, Conrad -- Looy, Cindy V -- McGill, Brian -- Miller, Joshua H -- Patterson, David -- Pineda-Munoz, Silvia -- Potts, Richard -- Riddle, Brett -- Terry, Rebecca -- Toth, Aniko -- Ulrich, Werner -- Villasenor, Amelia -- Wing, Scott -- Anderson, Heidi -- Anderson, John -- Waller, Donald -- Gotelli, Nicholas J -- England -- Nature. 2016 Jan 7;529(7584):80-3. doi: 10.1038/nature16447. Epub 2015 Dec 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013, USA. ; Department of Environmental Science and Biology, The College at Brockport - SUNY, Brockport, New York 14420, USA. ; School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, USA. ; Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. ; Hominid Paleobiology Doctoral Program, Center for the Advanced Study of Hominid Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA. ; Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. ; School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. ; Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013, USA. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark. ; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA. ; Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611, USA. ; Department of Entomology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA. ; Key Lab of Insect Evolution and Environmental Changes, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China. ; Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. ; School Biology and Ecology &Sustainability Solutions Initiative, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA. ; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA. ; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia. ; Department of Anthropology, Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013, USA. ; School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA. ; Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA. ; Chair of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland. ; Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Jorissen Street, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa. ; Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. ; Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26675730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*history ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; History, Ancient ; Human Activities/*history ; Humans ; North America ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Population Dynamics ; Time Factors
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    Regulate gene editing in wild animals (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lunshof, Jeantine -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 14;521(7551):127. doi: 10.1038/521127a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25971471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Laboratory/genetics ; Animals, Wild/*genetics ; Bioengineering/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Biohazard Release/legislation & jurisprudence/*prevention & control ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/*genetics ; Directed Molecular Evolution ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Embryo Research/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Genetic Engineering/ethics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Genome, Insect/genetics ; Germ-Line Mutation/genetics ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Ecologists embrace their urban side (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cressey, Daniel -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 27;524(7566):399-400. doi: 10.1038/524399a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26310747" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cities ; Congresses as Topic ; Conservation of Natural Resources/trends ; Disasters/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data ; Ecology/*trends ; *Ecosystem ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; New York City ; Rivers/chemistry/microbiology ; Urbanization/trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Tropical paradise inspires virtual ecology lab (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cressey, Daniel -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 15;517(7534):255-6. doi: 10.1038/517255a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25592514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; Ecology/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; Laboratories ; Models, Biological ; Pacific Ocean ; Polynesia ; *Research ; *Tropical Climate ; *User-Computer Interface
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    North Pacific 'blob' stirs up fisheries management (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gewin, Virginia -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 27;524(7566):396. doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18218.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26310744" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; Decision Making ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries/legislation & jurisprudence/*methods ; Fishes/*physiology ; *Hot Temperature ; Pacific Ocean ; Population Density ; *Seawater/analysis
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    Counteraction of antibiotic production and degradation stabilizes microbial communities (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-21
    Description: A major challenge in theoretical ecology is understanding how natural microbial communities support species diversity, and in particular how antibiotic-producing, -sensitive and -resistant species coexist. While cyclic 'rock-paper-scissors' interactions can stabilize communities in spatial environments, coexistence in unstructured environments remains unexplained. Here, using simulations and analytical models, we show that the opposing actions of antibiotic production and degradation enable coexistence even in well-mixed environments. Coexistence depends on three-way interactions in which an antibiotic-degrading species attenuates the inhibitory interactions between two other species. These interactions enable coexistence that is robust to substantial differences in inherent species growth rates and to invasion by 'cheating' species that cease to produce or degrade antibiotics. At least two antibiotics are required for stability, with greater numbers of antibiotics enabling more complex communities and diverse dynamic behaviours ranging from stable fixed points to limit cycles and chaos. Together, these results show how multi-species antibiotic interactions can generate ecological stability in both spatially structured and mixed microbial communities, suggesting strategies for engineering synthetic ecosystems and highlighting the importance of toxin production and degradation for microbial biodiversity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4551410/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4551410/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelsic, Eric D -- Zhao, Jeffrey -- Vetsigian, Kalin -- Kishony, Roy -- R01 GM081617/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM081617/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 28;521(7553):516-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25992546" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Bacterial Agents/*biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; *Models, Biological ; *Soil Microbiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A hard sell (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 30;520(7549):585-6. doi: 10.1038/520585b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25925436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Great Britain ; *Oceans and Seas
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Global carbon export from the terrestrial biosphere controlled by erosion (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-15
    Description: Riverine export of particulate organic carbon (POC) to the ocean affects the atmospheric carbon inventory over a broad range of timescales. On geological timescales, the balance between sequestration of POC from the terrestrial biosphere and oxidation of rock-derived (petrogenic) organic carbon sets the magnitude of the atmospheric carbon and oxygen reservoirs. Over shorter timescales, variations in the rate of exchange between carbon reservoirs, such as soils and marine sediments, also modulate atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. The respective fluxes of biospheric and petrogenic organic carbon are poorly constrained, however, and mechanisms controlling POC export have remained elusive, limiting our ability to predict POC fluxes quantitatively as a result of climatic or tectonic changes. Here we estimate biospheric and petrogenic POC fluxes for a suite of river systems representative of the natural variability in catchment properties. We show that export yields of both biospheric and petrogenic POC are positively related to the yield of suspended sediment, revealing that POC export is mostly controlled by physical erosion. Using a global compilation of gauged suspended sediment flux, we derive separate estimates of global biospheric and petrogenic POC fluxes of 157(+74)(-50) and 43(+61)(-25) megatonnes of carbon per year, respectively. We find that biospheric POC export is primarily controlled by the capacity of rivers to mobilize and transport POC, and is largely insensitive to the magnitude of terrestrial primary production. Globally, physical erosion rates affect the rate of biospheric POC burial in marine sediments more strongly than carbon sequestration through silicate weathering. We conclude that burial of biospheric POC in marine sediments becomes the dominant long-term atmospheric carbon dioxide sink under enhanced physical erosion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galy, Valier -- Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Bernhard -- Eglinton, Timothy -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 14;521(7551):204-7. doi: 10.1038/nature14400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, 360 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA. ; 1] Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, 360 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA [2] Geological Institute, Department of Earth Sciences, Sonneggstrasse 5, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25971513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon/*analysis ; *Carbon Cycle ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Carbon Sequestration ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Oxygen/analysis ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Rivers/*chemistry ; Soil/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Rarity in mass extinctions and the future of ecosystems (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-18
    Description: The fossil record provides striking case studies of biodiversity loss and global ecosystem upheaval. Because of this, many studies have sought to assess the magnitude of the current biodiversity crisis relative to past crises-a task greatly complicated by the need to extrapolate extinction rates. Here we challenge this approach by showing that the rarity of previously abundant taxa may be more important than extinction in the cascade of events leading to global changes in the biosphere. Mass rarity may provide the most robust measure of our current biodiversity crisis relative to those past, and new insights into the dynamics of mass extinction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hull, Pincelli M -- Darroch, Simon A F -- Erwin, Douglas H -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 17;528(7582):345-51. doi: 10.1038/nature16160.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8109, USA. ; Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. ; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1805, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26672552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Classification ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology/methods ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; Population Density
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Nicaragua: Biodiversity on canal route already at risk (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCrary, Jeffrey K -- England -- Nature. 2015 Sep 3;525(7567):33. doi: 10.1038/525033b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nicaraguan Foundation for Integral Community Development, Managua, Nicaragua.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26333461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Dissent and Disputes ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Monitoring ; *Models, Economic ; *Transportation
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Novel competitors shape species' responses to climate change (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-17
    Description: Understanding how species respond to climate change is critical for forecasting the future dynamics and distribution of pests, diseases and biological diversity. Although ecologists have long acknowledged species' direct physiological and demographic responses to climate, more recent work suggests that these direct responses can be overwhelmed by indirect effects mediated via other interacting community members. Theory suggests that some of the most dramatic impacts of community change will probably arise through the assembly of novel species combinations after asynchronous migrations with climate. Empirical tests of this prediction are rare, as existing work focuses on the effects of changing interactions between competitors that co-occur today. To explore how species' responses to climate warming depend on how their competitors migrate to track climate, we transplanted alpine plant species and intact plant communities along a climate gradient in the Swiss Alps. Here we show that when alpine plants were transplanted to warmer climates to simulate a migration failure, their performance was strongly reduced by novel competitors that could migrate upwards from lower elevation; these effects generally exceeded the impact of warming on competition with current competitors. In contrast, when we grew the focal plants under their current climate to simulate climate tracking, a shift in the competitive environment to novel high-elevation competitors had little to no effect. This asymmetry in the importance of changing competitor identity at the leading versus trailing range edges is best explained by the degree of functional similarity between current and novel competitors. We conclude that accounting for novel competitive interactions may be essential to predict species' responses to climate change accurately.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alexander, Jake M -- Diez, Jeffrey M -- Levine, Jonathan M -- England -- Nature. 2015 Sep 24;525(7570):515-8. doi: 10.1038/nature14952. Epub 2015 Sep 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitatstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26374998" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; *Ecosystem ; *Global Warming ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Switzerland ; *Temperature
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ocean biogeochemistry: Carbon at the coastal interface (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gruber, Nicolas -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 8;517(7533):148-9. doi: 10.1038/nature14082. Epub 2014 Dec 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Physics Group, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25487156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aquatic Organisms/metabolism ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide/*analysis ; *Carbon Sequestration ; *Ecosystem ; Human Activities ; *Oceans and Seas ; Photosynthesis
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    In defense of fences--response (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woodroffe, Rosie -- Hedges, Simon -- Durant, Sarah -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 25;345(6195):389-90. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6195.389-b. Epub 2014 Jul 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK. rosie.woodroffe@ioz.ac.uk. ; Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460, USA. ; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK. Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Searching for life in the deep shale (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-06-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 27;344(6191):1470-1. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6191.1470.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24970076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; *Natural Gas ; Oil and Gas Fields/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. To fence or not to fence (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woodroffe, Rosie -- Hedges, Simon -- Durant, Sarah M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):46-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1246251.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Zoology, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Early animals. Ediacaran metazoan reefs from the Nama Group, Namibia (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-06-28
    Description: Reef-building in metazoans represents an important ecological innovation whereby individuals collectively enhance feeding efficiency and gain protection from competitors and predation. The appearance of metazoan reefs in the fossil record therefore indicates an adaptive response to complex ecological pressures. In the Nama Group, Namibia, we found evidence of reef-building by the earliest known skeletal metazoan, the globally distributed Cloudina, ~548 million years ago. These Cloudina reefs formed open frameworks without a microbial component but with mutual attachment and cementation between individuals. Orientated growth implies a passive suspension-feeding habit into nutrient-rich currents. The characteristics of Cloudina support the view that metazoan reef-building was promoted by the rise of substrate competitors and predators.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Penny, A M -- Wood, R -- Curtis, A -- Bowyer, F -- Tostevin, R -- Hoffman, K-H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 27;344(6191):1504-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1253393.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, UK. a.m.penny@ed.ac.uk. ; School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, UK. ; Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ; Geological Survey of Namibia, Private Bag 13297, Windhoek, Namibia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24970084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbonates ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; Invertebrates/anatomy & histology/*growth & development/physiology ; Namibia ; Predatory Behavior
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    Climate change. Six centuries of variability and extremes in a coupled marine-terrestrial ecosystem (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-23
    Description: Reported trends in the mean and variability of coastal upwelling in eastern boundary currents have raised concerns about the future of these highly productive and biodiverse marine ecosystems. However, the instrumental records on which these estimates are based are insufficiently long to determine whether such trends exceed preindustrial limits. In the California Current, a 576-year reconstruction of climate variables associated with winter upwelling indicates that variability increased over the latter 20th century to levels equaled only twice during the past 600 years. This modern trend in variance may be unique, because it appears to be driven by an unprecedented succession of extreme, downwelling-favorable, winter climate conditions that profoundly reduce productivity for marine predators of commercial and conservation interest.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Black, Bryan A -- Sydeman, William J -- Frank, David C -- Griffin, Daniel -- Stahle, David W -- Garcia-Reyes, Marisol -- Rykaczewski, Ryan R -- Bograd, Steven J -- Peterson, William T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 19;345(6203):1498-502. doi: 10.1126/science.1253209.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA. bryan.black@utexas.edu. ; Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research, 101 H Street, Suite Q, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA. ; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Zahringerstrasse 25, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. ; Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. ; Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, 216 Ozark Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. ; Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Science Program, University of South Carolina, 701 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. ; Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 1352 Lighthouse Avenue, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA. ; Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Hatfield Marine Science Center, NOAA, 2030 Southeast Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237100" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; Biodiversity ; Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; *Oceans and Seas ; Seasons
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate change. Climate change and wind intensification in coastal upwelling ecosystems (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-07-06
    Description: In 1990, Andrew Bakun proposed that increasing greenhouse gas concentrations would force intensification of upwelling-favorable winds in eastern boundary current systems that contribute substantial services to society. Because there is considerable disagreement about whether contemporary wind trends support Bakun's hypothesis, we performed a meta-analysis of the literature on upwelling-favorable wind intensification. The preponderance of published analyses suggests that winds have intensified in the California, Benguela, and Humboldt upwelling systems and weakened in the Iberian system over time scales ranging up to 60 years; wind change is equivocal in the Canary system. Stronger intensification signals are observed at higher latitudes, consistent with the warming pattern associated with climate change. Overall, reported changes in coastal winds, although subtle and spatially variable, support Bakun's hypothesis of upwelling intensification in eastern boundary current systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sydeman, W J -- Garcia-Reyes, M -- Schoeman, D S -- Rykaczewski, R R -- Thompson, S A -- Black, B A -- Bograd, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 4;345(6192):77-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1251635.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research, Suite Q, 101 H Street, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA. wsydeman@comcast.net. ; Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research, Suite Q, 101 H Street, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA. ; Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia. ; Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Science Program, University of South Carolina, 701 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. ; Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research, Suite Q, 101 H Street, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA. Climate Impacts Group, University of Washington, Box 355674, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Marine Science Institute, University of Texas, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA. ; Environmental Research Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 1352 Lighthouse Avenue, Pacific Grove, CA 93950-2097, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24994651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: California ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; *Wind
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Economic geology. Seafloor mining plan advances, worrying critics (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gramling, Carolyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 2;344(6183):463. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6183.463.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24786058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aquatic Organisms ; Copper ; *Ecosystem ; Gold ; Mining/*economics ; Papua New Guinea ; *Seawater
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Environment and Development. Brazil's environmental leadership at risk (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferreira, J -- Aragao, L E O C -- Barlow, J -- Barreto, P -- Berenguer, E -- Bustamante, M -- Gardner, T A -- Lees, A C -- Lima, A -- Louzada, J -- Pardini, R -- Parry, L -- Peres, C A -- Pompeu, P S -- Tabarelli, M -- Zuanon, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 7;346(6210):706-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1260194.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉See the supplementary materials for author af liations. joice.ferreira@embrapa.br. ; See the supplementary materials for author af liations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25378611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Brazil ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*trends ; *Ecosystem ; Federal Government ; *Mining ; Risk
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    Ecological networks. On the structural stability of mutualistic systems (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-26
    Description: In theoretical ecology, traditional studies based on dynamical stability and numerical simulations have not found a unified answer to the effect of network architecture on community persistence. Here, we introduce a mathematical framework based on the concept of structural stability to explain such a disparity of results. We investigated the range of conditions necessary for the stable coexistence of all species in mutualistic systems. We show that the apparently contradictory conclusions reached by previous studies arise as a consequence of overseeing either the necessary conditions for persistence or its dependence on model parameterization. We show that observed network architectures maximize the range of conditions for species coexistence. We discuss the applicability of structural stability to study other types of interspecific interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rohr, Rudolf P -- Saavedra, Serguei -- Bascompte, Jordi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 25;345(6195):1253497. doi: 10.1126/science.1253497.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrative Ecology Group, Estacion Biologica de Donana-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (EBD-CSIC), Calle Americo Vespucio s/n, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain. Unit of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musee 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. ; Integrative Ecology Group, Estacion Biologica de Donana-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (EBD-CSIC), Calle Americo Vespucio s/n, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain. ; Integrative Ecology Group, Estacion Biologica de Donana-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (EBD-CSIC), Calle Americo Vespucio s/n, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain. bascompte@ebd.csic.es.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Computer Simulation ; *Ecosystem ; *Models, Biological ; Plants ; *Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology: Diversity in the afterlife (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McLaren, Jennie R -- England -- Nature. 2014 May 8;509(7499):173-4. doi: 10.1038/509173a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24805342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Carbon Cycle ; *Ecosystem
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The performance and potential of protected areas (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-07
    Description: Originally conceived to conserve iconic landscapes and wildlife, protected areas are now expected to achieve an increasingly diverse set of conservation, social and economic objectives. The amount of land and sea designated as formally protected has markedly increased over the past century, but there is still a major shortfall in political commitments to enhance the coverage and effectiveness of protected areas. Financial support for protected areas is dwarfed by the benefits that they provide, but these returns depend on effective management. A step change involving increased recognition, funding, planning and enforcement is urgently needed if protected areas are going to fulfil their potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watson, James E M -- Dudley, Nigel -- Segan, Daniel B -- Hockings, Marc -- England -- Nature. 2014 Nov 6;515(7525):67-73. doi: 10.1038/nature13947.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. [2] Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, Bronx, New York 10460, USA. [3] School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. ; 1] School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. [2] Equilibrium Research, 47 The Quays, Cumberland Road, Spike Island, Bristol BS1 6UQ, UK. ; 1] Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, Bronx, New York 10460, USA. [2] School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. ; 1] School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. [2] UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge CD3 0DL, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25373676" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms ; Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/legislation & ; jurisprudence/*statistics & numerical data ; Ecology/economics/legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & numerical data ; *Ecosystem ; Federal Government ; *Wilderness
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Geographical limits to species-range shifts are suggested by climate velocity (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-11
    Description: The reorganization of patterns of species diversity driven by anthropogenic climate change, and the consequences for humans, are not yet fully understood or appreciated. Nevertheless, changes in climate conditions are useful for predicting shifts in species distributions at global and local scales. Here we use the velocity of climate change to derive spatial trajectories for climatic niches from 1960 to 2009 (ref. 7) and from 2006 to 2100, and use the properties of these trajectories to infer changes in species distributions. Coastlines act as barriers and locally cooler areas act as attractors for trajectories, creating source and sink areas for local climatic conditions. Climate source areas indicate where locally novel conditions are not connected to areas where similar climates previously occurred, and are thereby inaccessible to climate migrants tracking isotherms: 16% of global surface area for 1960 to 2009, and 34% of ocean for the 'business as usual' climate scenario (representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5) representing continued use of fossil fuels without mitigation. Climate sink areas are where climate conditions locally disappear, potentially blocking the movement of climate migrants. Sink areas comprise 1.0% of ocean area and 3.6% of land and are prevalent on coasts and high ground. Using this approach to infer shifts in species distributions gives global and regional maps of the expected direction and rate of shifts of climate migrants, and suggests areas of potential loss of species richness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burrows, Michael T -- Schoeman, David S -- Richardson, Anthony J -- Molinos, Jorge Garcia -- Hoffmann, Ary -- Buckley, Lauren B -- Moore, Pippa J -- Brown, Christopher J -- Bruno, John F -- Duarte, Carlos M -- Halpern, Benjamin S -- Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove -- Kappel, Carrie V -- Kiessling, Wolfgang -- O'Connor, Mary I -- Pandolfi, John M -- Parmesan, Camille -- Sydeman, William J -- Ferrier, Simon -- Williams, Kristen J -- Poloczanska, Elvira S -- England -- Nature. 2014 Mar 27;507(7493):492-5. doi: 10.1038/nature12976. Epub 2014 Feb 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK. ; School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland QLD 4558, Australia. ; 1] Climate Adaptation Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia [2] Centre for Applications in Natural Resource Mathematics (CARM), School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. ; Department of Genetics, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. ; Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280, USA. ; 1] Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK [2] Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia. ; The Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. ; 1] The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia [2] Department of Global Change Research, IMEDEA (UIB-CSIC), Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados, Esporles 07190, Spain [3] Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. ; 1] Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA [2] Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK. ; Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA. ; 1] GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Palaoumwelt, Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, 91054 Erlangen, Germany [2] Museum fur Naturkunde, Invalidenstr asse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany. ; Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada. ; School of Biological Sciences, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. ; 1] Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA [2] Marine Institute, Drake Circus, University of Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK. ; Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research, 101 H Street, Suite Q, Petaluma, California 94952, USA. ; Climate Adaptation Flagship, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia. ; Climate Adaptation Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24509712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Australia ; Biodiversity ; *Climate ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Geographic Mapping ; *Geography ; Models, Theoretical ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Uncertainty
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    Ecology: Good dirt with good friends (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-01-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bradford, Mark A -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jan 23;505(7484):486-7. doi: 10.1038/nature12849. Epub 2014 Jan 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24402226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/*metabolism ; *Carbon Cycle ; *Ecosystem ; Mycorrhizae/*metabolism ; Plants/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Soil/*chemistry
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate science: A sink down under (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Metcalfe, Daniel B -- England -- Nature. 2014 May 29;509(7502):566-7. doi: 10.1038/nature13341. Epub 2014 May 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24847887" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Carbon Sequestration ; *Desert Climate ; *Ecosystem
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Native ecosystems blitzed by drought (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Witze, Alexandra -- England -- Nature. 2014 Aug 14;512(7513):121-2. doi: 10.1038/512121a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25119217" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms ; California ; *Droughts ; *Ecosystem ; Introduced Species
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biodiversity: Supply and demand (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mooers, Arne O -- England -- Nature. 2014 May 8;509(7499):171-2. doi: 10.1038/nature13332. Epub 2014 Apr 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department and the Human Evolutionary Studies Program, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A1S6, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24776802" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Genetic Speciation ; Songbirds/*classification/*physiology
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    Consequences of biodiversity loss for litter decomposition across biomes (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-09
    Description: The decomposition of dead organic matter is a major determinant of carbon and nutrient cycling in ecosystems, and of carbon fluxes between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Decomposition is driven by a vast diversity of organisms that are structured in complex food webs. Identifying the mechanisms underlying the effects of biodiversity on decomposition is critical given the rapid loss of species worldwide and the effects of this loss on human well-being. Yet despite comprehensive syntheses of studies on how biodiversity affects litter decomposition, key questions remain, including when, where and how biodiversity has a role and whether general patterns and mechanisms occur across ecosystems and different functional types of organism. Here, in field experiments across five terrestrial and aquatic locations, ranging from the subarctic to the tropics, we show that reducing the functional diversity of decomposer organisms and plant litter types slowed the cycling of litter carbon and nitrogen. Moreover, we found evidence of nitrogen transfer from the litter of nitrogen-fixing plants to that of rapidly decomposing plants, but not between other plant functional types, highlighting that specific interactions in litter mixtures control carbon and nitrogen cycling during decomposition. The emergence of this general mechanism and the coherence of patterns across contrasting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems suggest that biodiversity loss has consistent consequences for litter decomposition and the cycling of major elements on broad spatial scales.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Handa, I Tanya -- Aerts, Rien -- Berendse, Frank -- Berg, Matty P -- Bruder, Andreas -- Butenschoen, Olaf -- Chauvet, Eric -- Gessner, Mark O -- Jabiol, Jeremy -- Makkonen, Marika -- McKie, Brendan G -- Malmqvist, Bjorn -- Peeters, Edwin T H M -- Scheu, Stefan -- Schmid, Bernhard -- van Ruijven, Jasper -- Vos, Veronique C A -- Hattenschwiler, Stephan -- England -- Nature. 2014 May 8;509(7499):218-21. doi: 10.1038/nature13247.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France [2] Departement des Sciences Biologiques, Universite du Quebec a Montreal, C.P. 8888, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada. ; Department of Ecological Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ; Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands. ; 1] Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Uberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland [2] Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Georg August University Gottingen, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Berliner Strasse 28, 37073 Gottingen, Germany. ; 1] Universite de Toulouse, INP, UPS, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France [2] CNRS, EcoLab, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France. ; 1] Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Uberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland [2] Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland [3] Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Alte Fischerhutte 2, 16775 Stechlin, Germany [4] Department of Ecology, Berlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin), Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany. ; 1] Department of Ecological Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands [2] Climate Change Programme, Finnish Environment Institute, PO Box 140, 00251 Helsinki, Finland. ; 1] Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umea University, 90187 Umea, Sweden [2] Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Deceased. ; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. ; Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24805346" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arctic Regions ; *Biodiversity ; Carbon/metabolism ; *Carbon Cycle ; *Ecosystem ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Nitrogen Cycle ; Plants/metabolism ; Tropical Climate
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    Bacterial phylogeny structures soil resistomes across habitats (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-23
    Description: Ancient and diverse antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have previously been identified from soil, including genes identical to those in human pathogens. Despite the apparent overlap between soil and clinical resistomes, factors influencing ARG composition in soil and their movement between genomes and habitats remain largely unknown. General metagenome functions often correlate with the underlying structure of bacterial communities. However, ARGs are proposed to be highly mobile, prompting speculation that resistomes may not correlate with phylogenetic signatures or ecological divisions. To investigate these relationships, we performed functional metagenomic selections for resistance to 18 antibiotics from 18 agricultural and grassland soils. The 2,895 ARGs we discovered were mostly new, and represent all major resistance mechanisms. We demonstrate that distinct soil types harbour distinct resistomes, and that the addition of nitrogen fertilizer strongly influenced soil ARG content. Resistome composition also correlated with microbial phylogenetic and taxonomic structure, both across and within soil types. Consistent with this strong correlation, mobility elements (genes responsible for horizontal gene transfer between bacteria such as transposases and integrases) syntenic with ARGs were rare in soil by comparison with sequenced pathogens, suggesting that ARGs may not transfer between soil bacteria as readily as is observed between human pathogens. Together, our results indicate that bacterial community composition is the primary determinant of soil ARG content, challenging previous hypotheses that horizontal gene transfer effectively decouples resistomes from phylogeny.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4079543/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4079543/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Forsberg, Kevin J -- Patel, Sanket -- Gibson, Molly K -- Lauber, Christian L -- Knight, Rob -- Fierer, Noah -- Dantas, Gautam -- DP2 DK098089/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DP2-DK-098089/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM 007067/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007067/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 HG000045/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 May 29;509(7502):612-6. doi: 10.1038/nature13377. Epub 2014 May 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2]. ; 1] Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA [3]. ; Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA. ; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. ; 1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. ; 1] Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA [2] Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. ; 1] Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA [3] Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24847883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacteria/classification/drug effects/*genetics/*isolation & purification ; Drug Resistance, Microbial/drug effects/*genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Fertilizers ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal/genetics ; Genes, Bacterial/drug effects/genetics ; Genome, Bacterial/drug effects/genetics ; Integrases/genetics ; Metagenome/drug effects/*genetics ; Metagenomics ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nitrogen/metabolism/pharmacology ; Open Reading Frames/genetics ; *Phylogeny ; Poaceae/growth & development ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Soil Microbiology ; Synteny/genetics ; Transposases/genetics
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    US Arctic research ship ready to cast off (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Witze, Alexandra -- England -- Nature. 2014 May 29;509(7502):542-3. doi: 10.1038/509542a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24870521" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Animals ; Aquatic Organisms ; Arctic Regions ; Ecology/*instrumentation ; *Ecosystem ; *Expeditions ; Ice Cover ; Oceanography/*instrumentation ; *Ships
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    A microbial ecosystem beneath the West Antarctic ice sheet (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-22
    Description: Liquid water has been known to occur beneath the Antarctic ice sheet for more than 40 years, but only recently have these subglacial aqueous environments been recognized as microbial ecosystems that may influence biogeochemical transformations on a global scale. Here we present the first geomicrobiological description of water and surficial sediments obtained from direct sampling of a subglacial Antarctic lake. Subglacial Lake Whillans (SLW) lies beneath approximately 800 m of ice on the lower portion of the Whillans Ice Stream (WIS) in West Antarctica and is part of an extensive and evolving subglacial drainage network. The water column of SLW contained metabolically active microorganisms and was derived primarily from glacial ice melt with solute sources from lithogenic weathering and a minor seawater component. Heterotrophic and autotrophic production data together with small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and biogeochemical data indicate that SLW is a chemosynthetically driven ecosystem inhabited by a diverse assemblage of bacteria and archaea. Our results confirm that aquatic environments beneath the Antarctic ice sheet support viable microbial ecosystems, corroborating previous reports suggesting that they contain globally relevant pools of carbon and microbes that can mobilize elements from the lithosphere and influence Southern Ocean geochemical and biological systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Christner, Brent C -- Priscu, John C -- Achberger, Amanda M -- Barbante, Carlo -- Carter, Sasha P -- Christianson, Knut -- Michaud, Alexander B -- Mikucki, Jill A -- Mitchell, Andrew C -- Skidmore, Mark L -- Vick-Majors, Trista J -- WISSARD Science Team -- England -- Nature. 2014 Aug 21;512(7514):310-3. doi: 10.1038/nature13667.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA. ; Department of Land Resources and Environmental Science, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA. ; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes - CNR, Venice, and Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Venice 30123, Italy. ; Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. ; 1] Physics Department, St Olaf College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA [2] Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, New York 10012, USA (K.C.). ; Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA. ; Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, UK. ; Department of Earth Science, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25143114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; Aquatic Organisms/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification/metabolism ; Archaea/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Carbon/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry/microbiology ; *Ice Cover/chemistry ; Lakes/chemistry/*microbiology ; Oceans and Seas ; Phylogeny
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biogeochemistry: Methane minimalism (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoehler, Tori M -- Alperin, Marc J -- England -- Nature. 2014 Mar 27;507(7493):436-7. doi: 10.1038/nature13215. Epub 2014 Mar 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA. ; Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3300, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24670756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea/*metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; *Global Warming ; Methane/*metabolism ; *Temperature
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Implications of agricultural transitions and urbanization for ecosystem services (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-07
    Description: Historically, farmers and hunter-gatherers relied directly on ecosystem services, which they both exploited and enjoyed. Urban populations still rely on ecosystems, but prioritize non-ecosystem services (socioeconomic). Population growth and densification increase the scale and change the nature of both ecosystem- and non-ecosystem-service supply and demand, weakening direct feedbacks between ecosystems and societies and potentially pushing social-ecological systems into traps that can lead to collapse. The interacting and mutually reinforcing processes of technological change, population growth and urbanization contribute to over-exploitation of ecosystems through complex feedbacks that have important implications for sustainable resource use.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cumming, Graeme S -- Buerkert, Andreas -- Hoffmann, Ellen M -- Schlecht, Eva -- von Cramon-Taubadel, Stephan -- Tscharntke, Teja -- England -- Nature. 2014 Nov 6;515(7525):50-7. doi: 10.1038/nature13945.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa. ; Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, Universitat Kassel, Steinstr. 19, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany. ; Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, Universitat Kassel and Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Steinstr. 19, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany. ; Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Georg-August-Universitat, Platz der Gottinger Sieben 5, D-37073 Germany. ; Agroecology, Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Grisebachstr. 6, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25373674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; *Ecosystem ; Edible Grain/growth & development ; Feedback ; Human Activities ; Models, Economic ; Niger ; Population Growth ; Sweden ; Urban Population ; Urbanization/*trends
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Conservation: Manage military land for the environment (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zentelis, Rick -- Lindenmayer, David -- England -- Nature. 2014 Dec 11;516(7530):170. doi: 10.1038/516170a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25503222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*statistics & numerical data ; *Ecosystem ; *Wilderness
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Economics: Account for depreciation of natural capital (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barbier, Edward B -- England -- Nature. 2014 Nov 6;515(7525):32-3. doi: 10.1038/515032a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25373661" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics/*statistics & numerical data ; *Ecosystem ; *Models, Economic ; Pilot Projects ; Reproducibility of Results ; Rhizophoraceae ; Thailand ; Wood
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    Whale watching: Tourism is least of cetaceans' problems (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frink, Dale -- England -- Nature. 2014 Oct 16;514(7522):305. doi: 10.1038/514305c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rancho Santa Margarita, California, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25318517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Travel/*statistics & numerical data ; Whales/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biogeochemistry: Microbes eat rock under ice (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tranter, Martyn -- England -- Nature. 2014 Aug 21;512(7514):256-7. doi: 10.1038/512256a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25143107" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aquatic Organisms/*isolation & purification ; *Ecosystem ; *Ice Cover ; Lakes/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-28
    Description: Evidence is mounting that the immense diversity of microorganisms and animals that live belowground contributes significantly to shaping aboveground biodiversity and the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Our understanding of how this belowground biodiversity is distributed, and how it regulates the structure and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, is rapidly growing. Evidence also points to soil biodiversity as having a key role in determining the ecological and evolutionary responses of terrestrial ecosystems to current and future environmental change. Here we review recent progress and propose avenues for further research in this field.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bardgett, Richard D -- van der Putten, Wim H -- England -- Nature. 2014 Nov 27;515(7528):505-11. doi: 10.1038/nature13855.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom. ; 1] Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands [2] Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8123, 6700 ES Wageningen, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25428498" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Introduced Species ; Population Dynamics ; Soil Microbiology ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Niche filling slows the diversification of Himalayan songbirds (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-30
    Description: Speciation generally involves a three-step process--range expansion, range fragmentation and the development of reproductive isolation between spatially separated populations. Speciation relies on cycling through these three steps and each may limit the rate at which new species form. We estimate phylogenetic relationships among all Himalayan songbirds to ask whether the development of reproductive isolation and ecological competition, both factors that limit range expansions, set an ultimate limit on speciation. Based on a phylogeny for all 358 species distributed along the eastern elevational gradient, here we show that body size and shape differences evolved early in the radiation, with the elevational band occupied by a species evolving later. These results are consistent with competition for niche space limiting species accumulation. Even the elevation dimension seems to be approaching ecological saturation, because the closest relatives both inside the assemblage and elsewhere in the Himalayas are on average separated by more than five million years, which is longer than it generally takes for reproductive isolation to be completed; also, elevational distributions are well explained by resource availability, notably the abundance of arthropods, and not by differences in diversification rates in different elevational zones. Our results imply that speciation rate is ultimately set by niche filling (that is, ecological competition for resources), rather than by the rate of acquisition of reproductive isolation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Price, Trevor D -- Hooper, Daniel M -- Buchanan, Caitlyn D -- Johansson, Ulf S -- Tietze, D Thomas -- Alstrom, Per -- Olsson, Urban -- Ghosh-Harihar, Mousumi -- Ishtiaq, Farah -- Gupta, Sandeep K -- Martens, Jochen -- Harr, Bettina -- Singh, Pratap -- Mohan, Dhananjai -- England -- Nature. 2014 May 8;509(7499):222-5. doi: 10.1038/nature13272. Epub 2014 Apr 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. ; 1] Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA [2] Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden. ; 1] Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA [2] Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; 1] Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China [2] Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7007, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Systematics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. ; Wildlife Institute of India, PO Box 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun 248001, India. ; Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55099, Germany. ; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August Thienemannstrasse 2, 24306 Plon, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24776798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; Animals ; Body Size ; China ; *Ecosystem ; *Genetic Speciation ; India ; Phylogeny ; Reproduction ; Songbirds/anatomy & histology/*classification/*physiology ; Tibet
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    Coastal havoc boosts jellies (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Qiu, Jane -- England -- Nature. 2014 Oct 30;514(7524):545. doi: 10.1038/514545a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25355338" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms/growth & development ; China ; *Ecosystem ; *Human Activities ; Oceans and Seas ; Scyphozoa/*growth & development
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    Double threat for Tibet (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Qiu, Jane -- England -- Nature. 2014 Aug 21;512(7514):240-1. doi: 10.1038/512240a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25143093" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Climate Change/*statistics & numerical data ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Pollution/statistics & numerical data ; Human Activities ; Ice Cover ; Temperature ; Tibet ; Urbanization/*trends
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    Land models put to climate test (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Qiu, Jane -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jun 5;510(7503):16-7. doi: 10.1038/510016a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24899283" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Desert Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Global Warming ; *Models, Theoretical ; Mongolia ; Plants/*metabolism ; Poaceae/metabolism ; Rain ; Temperature ; Trees/metabolism
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    Conservation: focus on implementation (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meijaard, Erik -- Sheil, Douglas -- Cardillo, Marcel -- England -- Nature. 2014 Dec 4;516(7529):37. doi: 10.1038/516037d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉People and Nature Consulting International, Jakarta, and CIFOR, Indonesia. ; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, As, Norway, and CIFOR, Indonesia. ; Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25471870" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; *Goals ; *Wilderness
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