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  • Articles  (13,535)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (13,534)
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • 2005-2009  (13,535)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © 2008 Nature Publishing Group. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike license. The definitive version was published in Nature Biotechnology 26 (2008): 909-915, doi:10.1038/nbt.1482.
    Description: Plant-parasitic nematodes are major agricultural pests worldwide and novel approaches to control them are sorely needed. We report the draft genome sequence of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, a biotrophic parasite of many crops, including tomato, cotton and coffee. Most of the assembled sequence of this asexually reproducing nematode, totaling 86 Mb, exists in pairs of homologous but divergent segments. This suggests that ancient allelic regions in M. incognita are evolving toward effective haploidy, permitting new mechanisms of adaptation. The number and diversity of plant cell wall–degrading enzymes in M. incognita is unprecedented in any animal for which a genome sequence is available, and may derive from multiple horizontal gene transfers from bacterial sources. Our results provide insights into the adaptations required by metazoans to successfully parasitize immunocompetent plants, and open the way for discovering new antiparasitic strategies.
    Description: SCRI laboratory (V.C.B. and J.T.J.) received funding from the Scottish Government. This work benefited from links funded via COST Action 872. G.V.M. and V.L. are supported by ARC, CNRS, EMBO, MENRT and Region Rhone-Alpes. G.V.M., M.R.-R. and V.L. are also funded by the EU Cascade Network of Excellence and the integrated project Crescendo. M.-C.C. is supported by MENRT.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Venus has no significant internal magnetic field, which allows the solar wind to interact directly with its atmosphere2,3. A field is induced in this interaction, which partially shields the atmosphere, but we have no knowledge of how effective that shield is at solar minimum. ...
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  • 3
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 663-669 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A decisive step in the biosynthesis of many proteins is their partial or complete translocation across the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum membrane or the prokaryotic plasma membrane. Most of these proteins are translocated through a protein-conducting channel that is formed by a conserved, ...
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  • 4
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 705-708 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Periodic mesoporous materials formed through the cooperative self-assembly of surfactants and framework building blocks can assume a variety of structures, and their widely tuneable properties make them attractive hosts for numerous applications. Because the molecular movement in the pore ...
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] At critical times in development, cells are able to convert graded signals into discrete developmental outcomes; however, the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. During thymocyte development, cell fate is determined by signals originating from the αβ T-cell receptor. ...
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Venus is completely covered by a thick cloud layer, of which the upper part is composed of sulphuric acid and some unknown aerosols. The cloud tops are in fast retrograde rotation (super-rotation), but the factors responsible for this super-rotation are unknown. Here we report observations of ...
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Transcriptional complexes that contain peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor coactivator (PGC)-1α control mitochondrial oxidative function to maintain energy homeostasis in response to nutrient and hormonal signals. An important component in the energy and nutrient pathways is ...
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  • 8
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 480-480 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ...In this extraordinary book about the life of the distinguished English astrophysicist Sir Arthur Eddington, Matthew Stanley examines the entangled roles of science and religion in his work. Practical Mystic is not a biography in the ordinary sense — readers will look hard to find dates ...
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  • 9
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 482-482 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Nothing on cleanliness for 50 years and then two books come along at once — mine and Katherine Ashenburg's The Dirt on Clean. If anyone ever wanted to know about the biological, psychological, social and technical history of cleansing, it's all out there now. The history of hygiene is a ...
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  • 10
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    Nature (2007), S. 0 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ... Two much-anticipated scientific firsts announced this week bring the dream of regenerative medicine a step closer. The production of cloned primate embryonic stem cells and the reprogramming of adult human cells both represent important milestones in the quest to produce 'pluripotent' cells, ...
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  • 11
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 469-469 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Alarm is growing among anthropologists in the United States over a plan that could empty institutions of about 120,000 human skeletons currently stored for research purposes. Under a new proposal, the bones at museums, universities and federal facilities across the nation could be given to Native ...
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  • 12
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 481-482 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ...Science-fiction films are often called to account by scientists — for their inaccuracies and for skipping over the years of gruelling effort behind discoveries. But film is not particularly interested in reality. It is obsessed with unreality, which, after all, is why we go to the ...
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  • 13
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1127-1127 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Science is perhaps less reliant on the concept of 'personality' than any other major realm of human endeavour. The scientific facts will remain the same, whoever first discovered them, or described them, or imagined that they might be so. At the same time, it is because of who scientists are and ...
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  • 14
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    Nature (2007), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ... Can the pharmaceutical industry be trusted to fund doctors' compulsory education without introducing bias? The issue is dividing Congress, academics and drugs companies. Now, preliminary data have emerged suggesting that industry-sponsored courses skew training material in favour of ...
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  • 15
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 468-468 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ... The United Kingdom has abruptly announced its intention to withdraw from the Gemini Observatory, potentially leaving hundreds of British astronomers without a major telescope in the Northern Hemisphere. The Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) said on 15 November that it would ...
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  • 16
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    Nature 450.2007, 7169, xiii-, (1 S.) 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] First author ...As social creatures, humans must be able to distinguish allies from adversaries. Adult humans rapidly and unconsciously evaluate others on both behaviour and physical features. But can infants do the same? Kiley Hamlin, a graduate student at Yale University, and ...
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Under conditions of excess sunlight the efficient light-harvesting antenna found in the chloroplast membranes of plants is rapidly and reversibly switched into a photoprotected quenched state in which potentially harmful absorbed energy is dissipated as heat, a process measured as the ...
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Over the past 25 years the discovery and study of Cretaceous plant mesofossils has yielded diverse and exquisitely preserved fossil flowers that have revolutionized our knowledge of early angiosperms, but remains of other seed plants in the same mesofossil assemblages have so far ...
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  • 19
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 332-332 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] On 6 November, voters in New Jersey rejected a proposal to borrow $450 million to fund stem-cell research. The move is the first time a bond measure has been defeated by voters in the state in 17 years. Pre-election polling had indicated that the measure would win easily, which made the 53% to 47% ...
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  • 20
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1140-1140 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The UK Medical Research Council (MRC) is being forced to hand over half of the money it has earned from exploiting its intellectual property. The MRC's £200-million (US$400-million) 'commercial fund' consists of the profits from discoveries such as monoclonal antibody technology. In the past, the ...
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  • 21
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1138 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] ... Perfectly timed for pantomime season, a team of scientists has come up with instructions for how to make a flying carpet. The magical device may owe more to Walt Disney than to The Arabian Nights, but it is not pure fantasy, according to Lakshminarayanan Mahadevan of Harvard University in ...
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  • 22
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1140-1140 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A French court has slammed the ethical behaviour of Paris's prestigious Pasteur Institute and ordered it to pay €150,000 (US$215,000) in damages to Rupert Mutzel, a biologist at the Free University of Berlin, for denigrating his scientific reputation. In the 1990s, Mutzel and Philippe Marlière — ...
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  • 23
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1140-1140 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Democrats in the US Congress have struck a deal on legislation to increase the fuel efficiency standards for motor vehicles — the first such increase in more than three decades. The legislation would increase the standards by roughly 40%, to 15 kilometres per litre, by 2020, while instituting a ...
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  • 24
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 487-488 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] The gut of wood-feeding termites is a tiny but astonishingly efficient bioreactor, in which microbes catalyse the conversion of lignified plant cell walls to fermentation products that drive the metabolism of their host. Molecular phylogenetic data have revealed the presence of hundreds of ...
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  • 25
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1140-1140 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ... The next director-general of CERN, Europe's primary high-energy physics laboratory near Geneva, Switzerland, will be Rolf-Dieter Heuer, who will take the reins in January 2009. Heuer, whose appointment was announced on 14 December by the CERN Council, is currently a research director at ...
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  • 26
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1140-1140 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ... Channels carved by vaporizing carbon dioxide splay across the south polar region of Mars in this image taken by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Last week, at the American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco, project scientists reported that the channels probably form as the warmth ...
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  • 27
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1143-1143 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has had a tough year. The Maryland-based agency, whose 10,000 staff are responsible for overseeing most aspects of food and drug safety, used to enjoy an enviable reputation as one of the world's most trusted regulators — especially in the field of drug ...
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  • 28
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1150-1155 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ... Rajendra Pachauri is standing quietly at the front of the small, plain room, his hands clasped behind his back. His expression is thoughtful as he weighs the words of his colleague, M. K. Halpeth. But look at his shoes — unexpectedly large, like a policeman's — and the sense of calm is ...
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  • 29
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1144-1149 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] 〈weblink url="http://www.nature.com/news/specials/2007/gallery.html"〉Click here for image ...
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  • 30
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    Nature 450.2007, 7169, xiii-, (1 S.) 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] How are your mathematics skills? The Internet magazine Plus, which exposes readers to the beauty and the practical applications of mathematics, is organizing a science-writing competition, open to new writers from anywhere in the world who can explain a mathematical topic or application they think ...
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  • 31
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 327-327 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] ... Bathing in the still-warm glow of receiving the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize, the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is meeting in Valencia, Spain, this week to negotiate the summation of its report on global warming. The IPCC has issued three scientific reports in the past ...
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  • 32
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1156-1156 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Sir Last night I had a nightmare. In my dream, all the recommendations made by Pierre-Benoit Joly and Arie Rip in their Essay 'A timely harvest' (Nature 450, 174; doi:10.1038/450174a 2007) became a reality here in ...
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  • 33
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1156-1156 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Sir A common belief about the ways science and art differ is that science convinces with evidence, whereas art persuades through rhetoric. Therefore, we tell ourselves, style does not matter in scientific writing. And yet, of course, it does. Even scientists wish scientists ...
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  • 34
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 332-332 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The US Congress has set a limit on overhead expenses for research done at universities on behalf of the Department of Defense. The provision, approved in a final version of the defence-spending bill on 8 November, says that no more than 35% of research funding can be spent on costs such as ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 333-333 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ... Is the US Congress ready to take action to limit global climate change No. But a look at two key bills shows how much progress has been made since this time last year and how many hurdles remain. The legislation getting the most attention is a bill to mandate reductions in greenhouse-gas ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1157-1159 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ...Today there are several drugs on the market that improve memory, concentration, planning and reduce impulsive behaviour and risky decision-making, and many more are being developed. Doctors already prescribe these drugs to treat cognitive disabilities and improve quality of life for patients ...
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  • 37
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    Notes: [Auszug] Structural analysis of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for hormones and neurotransmitters has been hindered by their low natural abundance, inherent structural flexibility, and instability in detergent solutions. Here we report a structure of the human β2 adrenoceptor ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Replying to: De’er Zhang & Longhua Lu Nature 450, doi:10.1038/nature06338 (2007) Zhang and Lu argue that Chinese historical climate records contradict certain of our interpretations based on Lake Huguang Maar sediment records. ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1163-1163 
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    Notes: [Auszug] A pile of dead insects and an assortment of disassembled antique-watch mechanisms would probably be destined for the rubbish heap in most homes. In the pretty coastal town of South Portland, Maine, a young artist combines biology and technology to create bioart sculptures ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1163-1164 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Mathematics was an important part of many ancient cultures, not just the Greek. These peoples were also at the forefront of notable discoveries, as recorded in The Mathematics of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India, and Islam. This pioneering work provides English translations of mathematical texts ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 136-136 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Tuberculosis (TB) is not only completely treatable, it is curable and controllable, and has been so for decades. So it is appalling that the disease is currently flaring up around the world in an epidemic of co-infection with HIV, which is also associated with a frightening increase in strains of ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1164-1164 
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    Notes: [Auszug] As the holiday celebrations get underway, ponder a moment on the small implement bent on prizing an echo of the feast from between your teeth. Henry Petroski was so intrigued by the toothpick that he has written more than 400 pages about its technological and cultural evolution, heavily spiced ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1165-1165 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Any issue of Nature today has nearly the same number of Articles and Letters as one from 1950, but about four times as many authors. The lone author has all but disappeared. In most fields outside mathematics, fewer and fewer people know enough to work and write alone. If they could, and could ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1169-1170 
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    Notes: [Auszug] It was almost 40 years ago that we found out what the Moon is made of: lunar samples collected during the Apollo missions turned out to consist of rocky material similar in composition to that found on Earth. We also think we know that the Moon formed from the accretion of molten and vaporized ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 183-183 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Approximately 100 years ago now, the fruit fly Drosophila was first bred at Harvard for use in laboratory research. These stocks led to experiments establishing many early tenets of classical genetics. Hard-core Drosophila researchers can even trace their own 'pedigree' based on their relationship ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Last author ...We have long known that a protein's amino-acid sequence dictates its three-dimensional structure, but the structures of most proteins remain unknown. In most cases, the correct structure exists when the molecule is in its lowest energy state. But finding that ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 252-258 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Hedgehog (HH) morphogen is essential for metazoan development. The seven-transmembrane protein smoothened (SMO) transduces the HH signal across the plasma membrane, but how SMO is activated remains poorly understood. In Drosophila melanogaster, HH induces phosphorylation at multiple Ser/Thr ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 435-439 
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    Notes: [Auszug] In programmed cell death, a large number of cells undergo apoptosis, and are engulfed by macrophages to avoid the release of noxious materials from the dying cells. In definitive erythropoiesis, nuclei are expelled from erythroid precursor cells and are engulfed by macrophages. ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1175-1176 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Increasing the range over which frequencies can be accurately measured is an exertion driven both by applications (making sure that a mobile phone uses the right channel, for instance) and by fundamental physics: time and frequency are the most accurately measured physical quantities, and thus are ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] The Change Approval Officer, tasked with keeping the computer systems operational, opened the meeting with an edge of annoyance you could shave with. “This extra-ordinary session of Project ERT is to consider the Deep Graphical Department's request for an urgent upgrade to the project's ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] ...A pessimist might posit that David Pines' 1955 career move cost him a share of the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics. But, looking back on a career that spans almost 60 years studying the theory of superconductivity, Pines has no regrets. Superconductivity is the mysterious quantum state through ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Book review author ...Efforts to understand how ecology and evolution shape human behaviour rely, at least in part, on studying the social dynamics of non-human primates. On page 1160, Sarah Brosnan, an assistant professor of psychology at Georgia State University in ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] On his Nature Network blog, John Wilbanks entertains the idea of e-commerce for biological research materials (http://tinyurl.com/2p6gj9). Whether plasmids, cell lines, mice or fish, such materials — a “treasure trove of implicit knowledge and encoded experience” ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Understanding the transmission of sensory information at individual synaptic connections requires knowledge of the properties of presynaptic terminals and their patterns of firing evoked by sensory stimuli. Such information has been difficult to obtain because of the small size and ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1190-1194 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Although the first ten million years of whale evolution are documented by a remarkable series of fossil skeletons, the link to the ancestor of cetaceans has been missing. It was known that whales are related to even-toed ungulates (artiodactyls), but until now no artiodactyls were morphologically ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1226-1229 
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    Notes: [Auszug] In natural ecosystems, species are linked by feeding interactions that determine energy fluxes and create complex food webs. The stability of these food webs enables many species to coexist and to form diverse ecosystems. Recent theory finds predator–prey body-mass ratios to be ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Viable tumour-derived epithelial cells (circulating tumour cells or CTCs) have been identified in peripheral blood from cancer patients and are probably the origin of intractable metastatic disease. Although extremely rare, CTCs represent a potential alternative to invasive biopsies as a ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 152-155 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ... Richard Cowling was playing with maps of South Africa on a computer screen when he had his epiphany. He was designing a conservation plan for the Cape Floristic Region, or fynbos, an arid landscape of shrubs and flowers that contains some 9,000 species, many unique to the area. Some of these, ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 156-159 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The North Sea is not known for calm days, and neither is its inlet called Nissum Bredning, 300 kilometres northwest of Copenhagen. On a typical afternoon, windsurfers skate across the grey-green water while birds seem to hover, frozen, in mid-air. Along the horizon stretch rows of giant white ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 14-14 
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    Notes: [Auszug] A nuclear-waste reprocessing programme intended to promote a global expansion of atomic energy should be abandoned in favour of basic research, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) reports this week. The report underscores many of the criticisms that have been levelled at the Global Nuclear ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 365-369 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Rab1 is a GTPase that regulates the transport of endoplasmic-reticulum-derived vesicles in eukaryotic cells. The intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila subverts Rab1 function to create a vacuole that supports bacterial replication by a mechanism that is not well understood. Here we describe ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] The stable inheritance of genetic material depends on accurate DNA partition. Plasmids serve as tractable model systems to study DNA segregation because they require only a DNA centromere, a centromere-binding protein and a force-generating ATPase. The centromeres of partition (par) systems ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Sir Brian Martinson in his Commentary 'Universities and the money fix' (Nature 449, 141–142; 2007) suggests that short-sighted greed for federal grants motivates academic leadership to sacrifice the future ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] ... The body's circadian rhythm the internal 'clock' that regulates physiological processes can be shifted by eating more fat, say researchers. This surprising finding suggests that a more complex interplay exists between the body clock and metabolism, with implications for disorders such as ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 144-145 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ... The incidence of malaria in some African countries may soon approach that of the eastern Mediterranean as a result of increased use of insecticide-treated mosquito bednets, spraying and more effective drugs. The first analyses of the effects of such interventions in the field indicate that ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] ... Quantum mechanics might be capable of stripping bare a black hole to reveal the mysterious and unseeable 'singularity' that exists at its heart, say George Matsas and Andr� da Silva of the S�o Paulo State University in Brazil. It has long been suspected that these singularities ? where the ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 148-148 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ... The lesser flamingos (Phoenicopterus minor) of Tanzania's Lake Natron (pictured) may get a temporary reprieve from a US$400-million soda-ash plant that was to have been built nearby. An environmental advisory committee has recommended the government block the factory's construction unless its ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 151-151 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ... Eight years ago Gordon Brown, then Britain's chancellor of the exchequer, announced a wide-ranging 'climate levy' on industrial carbon emissions. He pledged that the levy would benefit the environment and encourage investment in cleaner technologies. But a recent audit ? one of the most ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 304-308 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Heterochromatin, representing the silenced state of transcription, consists largely of transposon-enriched and highly repetitive sequences. Implicated in heterochromatin formation and transcriptional silencing in Drosophila are Piwi (P-element induced wimpy testis) and repeat-associated small ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Stratospheric ozone attenuates harmful ultraviolet radiation and protects the Earth’s biosphere. Ozone is also of fundamental importance for the chemistry of the lowermost part of the atmosphere, the troposphere. At ground level, ozone is an important by-product of anthropogenic ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 198-202 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Since the early 1960s, imaging studies of Drosophila sp. polytene chromosomes have provided unique views of gene transcription in vivo. The dramatic changes in chromatin structure that accompany gene activation can be visualized as chromosome puffs. Now, live-cell imaging techniques coupled ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 89-92 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Changes in climate, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and fire regimes have been occurring for decades in the global boreal forest, with future climate change likely to increase fire frequency—the primary disturbance agent in most boreal forests. Previous attempts to assess ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Detailed analysis of neuronal network architecture requires the development of new methods. Here we present strategies to visualize synaptic circuits by genetically labelling neurons with multiple, distinct colours. In Brainbow transgenes, Cre/lox recombination is used to create a stochastic choice ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 184-185 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Geneticists and molecular biologists have always had a soft spot for the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, for this innocuous organism is continually providing insights into the biology of multicellular organisms. But in the 1990s, when the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans became the life and ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Who was the first scientist? The Science Writers' forum on Nature Network extends the topic, which was previously debated at the Royal Institution (http://tinyurl.com/2ba6ft). At the debate, reports forum moderator Brian Clegg, “Lewis Wolpert championed Archimedes, I stood up for ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] The energy-based refinement of low-resolution protein structure models to atomic-level accuracy is a major challenge for computational structural biology. Here we describe a new approach to refining protein structure models that focuses sampling in regions most likely to contain errors while ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 186-188 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ‘Homeostasis’, from the Greek words for ‘same’ and ‘steady’, refers to ways in which the body acts to maintain a stable internal environment despite perturbations. Recent studies in Drosophila exemplify the conservation of regulatory mechanisms involved in ...
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    Nature 449 (2007), S. 972-972 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Sir I strongly agree with Curtis Chong and David Sullivan's Commentary calling for the development of new uses for existing medications (Nature 448, 645–646; 2007). However, I don't believe that establishing a ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 32-32 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Sander Bais's Very Special Relativity is a brief overview of Albert Einstein's 1905 theory of space and time, an esoteric topic that one would presume to be directed at a narrow audience. But this book would not be out of place on a coffee table, with its handsome design, thick, coloured papers ...
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    Nature 449 (2007), S. 981-981 
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    Notes: [Auszug] That the nineteenth-century physician J. S. Haldane lived to his mid-70s was more down to luck than self-preservation. In his study of respiration and lung disease, Haldane performed series after series of experiments on himself, any one of which could have been fatal. In an air-tight chamber he ...
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    Nature 449 (2007), S. 992-993 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Stars are element factories. Every atom in the Universe is a product of stellar nuclear reactions, but many of the stable isotopes that predominate today have formed from nuclei that existed only fleetingly. To understand the isotopic make-up of the Universe, we must first discover which of these ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] The quest for faster and faster time-resolved measurements has reached a new level: Cavalieri et al. report (page 1029 of this issue) that they have measured a delay of 100 attoseconds in the emission of electrons ejected from a surface irradiated by light. This is not just the experiment ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Last Author ...Mass spectrometry is a valuable tool for identifying and characterizing biomolecules, but the technology has limitations. Gary Siuzdak, director of the mass spectrometry centre at the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California, and his colleagues set out ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] The idea of superconductivity without the mediating role of lattice vibrations (phonons) has a long history. It was realized soon after the publication of the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) theory of superconductivity 50 years ago that a full treatment of both the charge ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] In the Technology Feature 'The personal side of genomics' (Nature 449, 627–630; doi:10.1038/449627a 2007) we said that Illumina uses emulsion PCR in its next-generation sequencing systems. In fact, the company's genome ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] The intestinal epithelium is the most rapidly self-renewing tissue in adult mammals. It is currently believed that four to six crypt stem cells reside at the +4 position immediately above the Paneth cells in the small intestine; colon stem cells remain undefined. Lgr5 ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] ... A piece of one of the worlds most famous meteorites failed to sell at a New York auction on 28 October. A 13.5 kilogram chunk of the Willamette meteorite (pictured right) was withdrawn after a top bid of $300,000 fell a long way short of the expected price of $1 million to $1.3 million. ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] The origin and evolution of planetary rings is one of the prominent unsolved problems of planetary sciences, with direct implications for planet-forming processes in pre-planetary disks. The recent detection of four propeller-shaped features in Saturn’s A ring proved the presence of ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Large-scale domain rearrangements in proteins have long been recognized to have a critical function in ligand binding and recognition, catalysis and regulation. Crystal structures have provided a static picture of the apo (usually open) and holo usually closed) states. The general question ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Radioactive decay of uranium and thorium produces 4He, whereas 3He in the Earth’s mantle is not produced by radioactive decay and was only incorporated during accretion—that is, it is primordial. 3He/4He ratios in many ...
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    Nature 449 (2007), S. 1073-1077 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The conversion of a normal cell to a cancer cell occurs in several steps and typically involves the activation of oncogenes and the inactivation of tumour suppressor and pro-apoptotic genes. In many instances, inactivation of genes critical for cancer development occurs by epigenetic ...
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    Nature 449 (2007), S. 755-756 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Some of the hype that accompanied the first publications of the human genome sequence in 2001 may have worn off. But these are still heady times for genomics, as demonstrated this week by the release of a greatly enhanced haplotype map or HapMap, which describes the most common forms of human ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 926-927 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Hospitals across North America have been forced to cancel tests for cancer and heart disease because the unexpected closure of a Canadian nuclear reactor has led to a sudden shortage of medical isotopes. The 50-year-old National Research Universal (NRU) reactor located in Chalk River, Ontario, ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 927-927 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ... SAN FRANCISCO New findings from the edge of space are unmasking Earth's highest clouds. A NASA satellite called Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) is sending back the first detailed information on the 'noctilucent' clouds, which shimmer overhead just after sundown at high ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 928-929 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A mammoth bureaucratic battle is looming between senior European Commission officials and national governments that could affect the long-term prospects for the cultivation of genetically modified crops on the continent. ... Late last month, the European Commission's environment commissioner ...
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 929-929 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] On the record “I would have thought an intelligent person would have at least kept quiet until after tenure. Then you could advocate blowing up the Moon.” Bruce Harmon, a physicist at Iowa State University, muses in a recently released e-mail about astronomer ...
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    Nature 449 (2007), S. 769-769 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, will replace its Center for Cancer Research with the David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, it announced on 9 October. Koch, a 67-year-old businessman and MIT alumnus, is battling cancer. He has committed $100 million ...
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    Nature 449 (2007), S. 769-769 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Have you ever seen something in Nature ? be it a research paper, news story or an editorial ? that you thought deserved far more attention that it received? We value your opinion, so we've launched a website, 'Best of Nature', that allows readers to nominate, vote for and discuss content from ...
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    Nature 449 (2007), S. 771-771 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Pharmaceuticals have surpassed computing and electronics hardware as the industry sector declaring the biggest total global investment in research and development (R&D), according to an annual scoreboard published by the European Commission. The scoreboard indicates that industrial R&D by ...
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