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  • Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
  • 2000-2004  (2,351)
  • 1
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    Nature 423 (2003), S. 986-990 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Stimulus features such as edge orientation, motion direction and spatial frequency are thought to be encoded in the primary visual cortex by overlapping feature maps arranged so that the location of neurons activated by a particular combination of stimulus features can be predicted from the ...
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  • 2
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    Nature 424 (2003), S. 909-912 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Observation of the rotational brownian motion of a very fine wire immersed in a gas led to one of the most important ideas of equilibrium statistical mechanics. Namely, the many-particle problem of a large number of molecules colliding with the wire can be represented by just two macroscopic ...
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  • 3
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 763-764 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ...In helping to develop many discoveries into clinically useful products, the patent system has been a force for good. It has encouraged innovation and sensible risk taking, stimulated investment in research and development, and delivered drugs and devices that have changed the face of modern ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 119-119 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In recent years, many universities have thrived on their relationships with industry. In the sciences, academics and their institutions have benefited from contracts, donations and sponsorship, and from the entrepreneurialism of faculty members — a trait now encouraged by government in ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 121-121 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Munich This month's fierce political debate in Europe over the health hazards posed by ammunition made from depleted uranium is being met with broad scepticism from researchers. Instead, they suggest a number of potential candidates for the health problems being observed. ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 121-121 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Rival manufacturers of automated DNA-sequencing machines have clashed in a California courtroom over the intellectual property rights to the fluorescent dye used in their equipment. According to a pretrial ruling made last week by US federal judge Charles Breyer, the dye technology used by the ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 122-122 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington George W. Bush's choice of defence secretary shows that his new administration aims to give the United States a missile defence shield — confirming the fears of some scientists and of US allies. But some scientific groups say that Bush's choice of Donald ...
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  • 8
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 122-122 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] New Delhi Wealthy Indian entrepreneurs based in New York are planning to invest up to $1 billion to establish six “world class” private research universities across India. ...Although similar proposals have been resisted in the past as a potential threat to ...
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  • 9
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 123-123 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Tired of meagre grant support and alarmed at their possible exclusion from international projects, Canadian astronomers are mounting an aggressive lobbying campaign to win more financial support. Canadian astronomy is rated third in the world in terms of citations per paper, despite, Canadian ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 123-123 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sydney Australian scientists have reacted ambivalently to the conservative government's plan to inject new funding into research. A dozen programmes would be started or expanded under a plan released late last year by Robin Batterham, the government's chief scientist. He ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 124-124 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington A space telescope that would search for Earth-sized planets orbiting other stars is among three mission concepts picked by NASA last week to compete for a launch slot in 2005 or 2006. The Kepler mission and two other proposals — Dawn to orbit the asteroids ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 124-124 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the United States alone this year, some 60,000 babies may be born with neurological damage caused by mercury poisoning of their mothers. ...Scientists believe that much of the mercury enters the food chain through seafood whose habitat has been polluted by emissions from power stations ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 125-125 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington A moderate Republican with a keen interest in environmental and energy issues has been named as chair the Science Committee in the US House of Representatives. ...The selection of Sherwood Boehlert (Republican, New York) to head the panel is good ...
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  • 14
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 125-125 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Chicago A newly energized effort to promote the teaching of evolution is underway across the United States, spurred by scientists who think the time is ripe to combat the creationist movement. At its annual meeting last week, the Society for Integrative and Comparative ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 126-127 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Guidelines reject criticism of policy on gene patenting Washington The US Patent and Trademark Office has released new guidelines on the patenting of genes and gene sequences that will clarify its handling of applications. The new guidelines are ...
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  • 16
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 128-130 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ...In the 1920s, the southwards march of development in Florida ran up against the vast wetlands of the Everglades. Over the decades that followed, the construction of an elaborate network of levees, canals and dams allowed a boom in agriculture and population. Today, about half of the original ...
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  • 17
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 131-131 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir After 40 years of government-induced settlement of the Brazilian Amazon, the core of this region has experienced surprisingly little deforestation. The agriculture and ranching that cause deforestation depend upon reliable roads, which are concentrated along the ...
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  • 18
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 131-131 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir In his review of Clark Spencer Larsen's book Skeletons in Our Closet: Revealing the Past through Bioarchaeology, Christopher Wills concludes that “overall health was reduced by . . . the introduction of agriculture”. He notes that there is little evidence ...
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  • 19
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 133-133 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ...As discoveries surfaced that chimpanzees can make tools and show self-recognition along with social politicking and cultural variation, the mental gap between us and them appeared to shrink so far that serious proposals were made to extend human-rights legislation to great apes. In some ...
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  • 20
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 133-135 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ...The American astrogeologist Eugene Merle Shoemaker (1928–97) was the sort of scientist that most scientists would be proud to be. Shoemaker worked hard all his life, published profusely, clearly enjoyed himself, and left his mark. He was a fountain of ideas, and a man who was only ...
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  • 21
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 135-136 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The limits of human endurance have been the theme of many books, plays, dramas and the visual arts, as well as providing a living laboratory for psychology researchers and scientists. The worst of these situations is warfare, as it involves not just extreme physical stress, but also an ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 136-136 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The story of gold over the past 5,000 years is a fascinating one, which Peter Bernstein relates with verve and wit. Jehovah selected gold for the tabernacle where humans should come to worship. Croesus bribed the Oracle of Delphi with gold to ensure the security of his rule. The Spaniards ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 137-137 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Anyone contemplating the transformation in scientific understanding over the past ten centuries would have to agree that progress has come on numerous and diverse fronts. Is there a conceptual link between these various advances that also distinguishes them from the notions of the past? In ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 139-140 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] According to the standard view of how new species arise, populations become geographically isolated and adapt to local conditions, and the communication systems used to recognize mates diverge. Surprisingly little is known about how mate-recognition systems diverge during speciation. On p〈?Pub ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 140-141 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] One of the success stories of twentieth-century astronomy was the development of a physical understanding of the nature, evolution and death of stars — replacing thousands of years of mystical speculation with firm knowledge. But one piece of the puzzle is still missing: how stars are ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 141-144 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] An ability to avoid committing suicide is one of the keys to a cancer cell's survival, whether it is spreading from one part of the body to another by metastasis or facing attack from chemotherapy. Malignant melanoma is a particularly nasty form of cancer in this respect. It is both highly ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 143-143 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] 100 YEARS AGO In investigating the causes of directions of various spirals, I discovered a certain law and order in the arrangement of the direction of the spiral in horns which will interest many of your readers. (1) That in the antelopes the right-hand spiral is on the left ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 141-141 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Normally, ageing red blood cells approaching the end of their 120-day lifespan are degraded in the bone marrow, liver or spleen. In some circumstances, however — such as during infection with malaria or in some autoimmune disorders — red cells may burst within blood vessels. ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 144-145 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] When did the Earth's continents and oceans first form? On pages 175 and 178 of this issue, Wilde et al. and Mojzsis et al. address the question with reports of uranium–lead (U–Pb) ages and oxygen isotopic compositions of extremely old zircon grains. ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 145-147 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Platelets are the smallest of the human blood cells, measuring about one-tenth the diameter of a white blood cell. They usually circulate freely, maintained in a mobile but inactive state by molecules secreted or expressed by the endothelial cells that line the walls of blood vessels. Beneath ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 149-149 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Historically, northern peatlands have removed carbon dioxide from the atmosphere faster than it has been re-released, so they now contain 20–30% of the world's soil carbon stock (the equivalent of over 60% of the atmospheric carbon pool). Here we show that the anaerobic ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 147-148 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Twenty years ago, climate was thought to have remained generally stable, at least for the past few millions of years. The belief was that the ocean and the atmosphere adjusted slowly to stately variations in ice-sheet extent during glacial–interglacial cycles. But the study of ...
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] Hearing in profoundly deaf people can be helped by inserting an implant into the inner ear to stimulate the cochlear nerve. This also boosts the low metabolic activity of the auditory cortex, the region of the brain normally used for hearing. Other sensory modalities, such as sign ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] We have constructed complex two-dimensional microscopic networks of phospholipid bilayer nanotubes and containers in which we are able to control the connectivity, container size, nanotube length, and angle between the nanotube extensions. Containers within these networks can be chemically ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 152-152 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] reply from M. Bochtler, C. Hartmann, H. K. Song, R. Ramachandran, R. Huber Nature 408, 668 ( 2000) The meaning of the last sentence was inadvertently altered during editing by introduction of the word “also”, which ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 152-152 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] For reefs to form in wave-swept environments, the sessile organisms that build them need stable foundations. Here we provide evidence that marine worms actively create patches of stable habitat on the sea bed which provide them with food and shelter. In so doing, they bring reef-building ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 225-225 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ...Biocatalysis underpins some of the oldest chemical transformations known to humans, for brewing predates recorded history. The Sumerians, for instance, produced at least 19 different types of beer. This practical art was the fuse for the explosion in understanding of organic and biological ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 226-231 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Enzymes are the subset of proteins that catalyse the chemistry of life, transforming both macromolecular substrates and small molecules. The precise three-dimensional architecture of enzymes permits almost unerring selectivity in physical and chemical steps to impose remarkable rate ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 232-240 
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    Notes: [Auszug] New catalytic synthetic methods in organic chemistry that satisfy increasingly stringent environmental constraints are in great demand by the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. In addition, novel catalytic procedures are necessary to produce the emerging classes of organic compounds that ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 241-246 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The technological utility of enzymes can be enhanced greatly by using them in organic solvents rather than their natural aqueous reaction media. Studies over the past 15 years have revealed not only that this change in solvent is feasible, but also that in such seemingly hostile environments ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 247-252 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Although modular macromolecular devices are encountered frequently in a variety of biological situations, their occurrence in biocatalysis has not been widely appreciated. Three general classes of modular biocatalysts can be identified: enzymes in which catalysis and substrate specificity are ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 253-257 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Nature provides a fantastic array of catalysts extremely well suited to supporting life, but usually not so well suited for technology. Whether biocatalysis will have a significant technological impact depends on our finding robust routes for tailoring nature's catalysts or redesigning them ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 258-268 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The use of biocatalysis for industrial synthetic chemistry is on the verge of significant growth. Biocatalytic processes can now be carried out in organic solvents as well as aqueous environments, so that apolar organic compounds as well as water-soluble compounds can be modified selectively and ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 268-268 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ...For 50 years we have consistently demonstrated a deep-rooted commitment to research. By setting the agenda for the industrial application of microbiology and protein chemistry, we have been pioneers in biotechnology and enzymology. Today, Novozymes (http://www.novozymes.com) is ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 1-1 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Nature's primary aim every week, since our beginnings in 1869, has been and will be to keep researchers and society at large in touch with the state of the best of scientific research and the people who do it. One important secondary aim, to keep finding ways to do that better, will also ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 3-3 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington ...The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued strict new regulations governing diesel exhaust from vehicles. The move has been hailed as the most significant single action to improve US air quality since lead in gasoline was banned in 1986. The ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 3-3 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Large Scale Proteomics, based in Rockville, Maryland, this week launched the Human Proteome Index, a database which subscribers can use to help identify proteins involved in diseases. The index — the first of its kind — lists and quantifies the complement of proteins expressed in 157 ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 4-4 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Emboldened by their growing success at using computer models to predict protein structures, computational structural biologists have put out a community-wide call to find the “Ten Most Wanted” proteins whose structures they will try to solve. The plan to offer modelling services to ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 4-4 
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    Notes: [Auszug] London British cancer researchers could find themselves with a major new research organization, loosely modelled on the US National Cancer Institute (NCI), after the country's two main cancer charities meet this month to consider a merger. ...The trustees from ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 5-5 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Tokyo ...Children born to survivors of the 1945 atomic blasts in Japan are to be the subjects of a new study investigating the long-term effects of the atomic bomb. The research, which gets under way this month, will track the onset of diseases such as heart disease and ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] London British scientists reacted with surprise and relief to a substantial vote of confidence from the House of Commons — the lower house of the UK parliament — over the use of human embryos for research into therapies for serious diseases. Members of ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 6-6 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Diet studies send people rushing for comfort food Washington Many Americans, confronted with a profusion of conflicting studies on diet, have joined a 'nutrition backlash' and embraced unhealthy eating, says a study in this month's Journal of the ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 8-11 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ...We can blame Georg Bednorz and Alex Müller. Fifteen years ago, physicists thought they understood superconductivity — the tendency of some materials to conduct current with zero resistance at temperatures of around 10 to 20 kelvin. But in 1986, working at the IBM Research ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 12-12 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Sir The symposium of eminent ecologists that backed the Conservation International (CI) blueprint to save global biodiversity (covering protection of biodiversity hotspots and tropical wilderness areas) concluded that ecological criteria can be used to set global conservation ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Sir ...We recently took part in the Royal Society's New Frontiers in Science 2000 Exhibition, presenting an exhibit based upon our report in Nature of extensive cultural variation in tool use and other behaviour in wild chimpanzees. The primary aim of this ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 13-16 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Doomsayers and premature celebrants can now unite with sober calendrists in agreement that whenever the new millennium began, it is here. That recommends an upbeat Anniversary of the Year, hence not the death of the hard-nosed Dane Tycho Brahe (1601), despite his provision of the data on which ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 17-18 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The credo of 'artificial life' (ALife) aficionados is that life is about function, not form. Or, put another way, what separates the living from the dead is not a matter of matter but resides in patterns of information. Here on Earth, these patterns of information happen to manifest themselves ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 18-18 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ...The Zentralfriedhof on the edge of Vienna is a place of pilgrimage for many tourists. The city's largest burial ground, it has a special section, the Ehrengrüber, where Beethoven, Schubert, Brahms, Strauss and various Viennese Bürgermeister are buried. Among these luminaries lies ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 18-19 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ...For many of us, the discovery of a bird's nest when we were young created a life-long interest in birds and nature. The nest was a revelation, its rounded shape and feather lining making it a perfect bed for the eggs and a perfect cradle for the small chicks, rocking them to sleep in the ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 19-20 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Dorothy Crawford's book portrays viruses as unseen enemies, with many tricks up their sleeve, and this approach leads to a fascinating story of their natural history. For the educated layperson, the book reads like a novel, despite starting with a textbook approach, explaining what a virus is and ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] ...I doubt that many Regius professors and Fellows of the Royal Society today have had to interrupt their academic career to earn their living as a shopkeeper. This necessity fell to Arthur Holmes, one of twentieth-century Britain's foremost geologists. And although such mundane ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 21-21 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The ancient Romans had a term for it — genius loci — and history is not short of astounding, seemingly inexplicable concatenations of creative talent. Florence in the first decade of the sixteenth century is perhaps the unmatched example: anyone idling on the Piazza della Signoria ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 23-24 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Until now, astronomers have believed that giant gas planets, such as Jupiter and Saturn, must form in a few million years or less — quite fast in astronomical terms. On page 60 of this issue, however, Thi et al. report evidence to the contrary. They have detected ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] 100 YEARS AGO Science is cosmopolitan. Electricity abolishes time and envelops both hemispheres with a new idea as soon as it has emerged from the brain of the Thinker. Mechanics, by its space-annihilating power, has reduced the surface of the planet to such an extent that the ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 24-27 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Why would you put microphones outside a concert hall to record the music inside? All they would pick up is muffled noise, although the sound would vary according to the music's highs and lows. On the other hand, with sufficiently sensitive microphones you could monitor several concert halls ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Similar to how light fibres transformed optics, physicists hope guided atom beams will revolutionize atom optics. Two groups have developed an atomic analogue of a beam splitter, which until now has only been used to separate atoms moving in free space. By guiding atoms along a surface, greater ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 27-28 
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    Notes: [Auszug] If a street magician with two identical coins told you he could predict which way up your coin would land — heads or tails — simply by tossing his coin first, you probably wouldn't believe him. But what if he told you that, because of the laws of physics, your toss had to turn out ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] ...The moth Cosmosoma myrodora, pictured, is visually striking. And, as revealed by William E. Conner and colleagues in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA (97, 14406–14411; 2000), its behaviour is also rather unusual. The male moths seem to have ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] There are three groups of living mammals — placentals, marsupials and the monotremes. The first two, along with some mammalian fossil relatives, have so-called 'tribosphenic' teeth, which provide a highly efficient way of chopping and grinding food. Monotreme ancestors are also thought to ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Most T cells of the immune system recognize antigens — substances that stimulate an immune response — as protein fragments. These fragments must be presented to T cells by molecules on the surface of another type of cell, an antigen- presenting cell (APC). But this recognition event ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Unless you've been on a long vacation recently, you have probably heard a lot of hype about nanotechnology. Although many alternatives to existing microsystems are being considered, few would deny that there are formidable obstacles along this path. For example, the success of 'molecular ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Imagine that an injured person is carried into a hospital's emergency department. The doctor needs to assess the situation quickly, and to decide on the most appropriate treatment — stitches, a drug or maybe an operation? A similar problem occurs during DNA replication in living cells, ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] The thermohaline circulation of the ocean results primarily from downwelling at sites in the Nordic and Labrador Seas and upwelling throughout the rest of the ocean. The latter is often described as being due to breaking internal waves. Here we reconcile the difference between theoretical ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] In bacteria associated with humans, antimicrobial resistance is common, both in clinical isolates and in the less-studied commensal flora, and it is thought that commensal and environmental bacteria might be a hidden reservoir of resistance. Gilliver et al. have reported that resistance is ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Gilliver et al. reply The study by Österblad et al. confirms the importance of understanding the role of commensal bacteria, particularly in wildlife, in the ecology of antibiotic resistance. The two studies combined suggest that the gut flora of wildlife populations ...
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    Nature 409 (2001), S. 117-118 
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    Notes: [Auszug] DC 290 zoom adapter Kodak http://www.kodak.com/go/scientific Reader Service No. 100 For a closer look Specially designed for close-up photography work with the DC 290 digital ...
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    Nature 408 (2000), S. 903-903 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Change often brings regrets as well as the excitement of new beginnings. And that was definitely the case this year in high-energy physics. As the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island, New York, detected its first particles, physicists at CERN, ...
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    Nature 408 (2000), S. 905-905 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Sir The term 'cloning' originates from the Greek word clonos, meaning 'twig'; clonizo is the verb 'to cut twigs'. A kind of cloning has been widely used in agriculture for centuries: by this process a new tree is created from an adult tree's twig without use of its seed, ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] ...At my age, you get nervous. Most of your friends have already discovered their role in life — male, female, caretaker. If you are a late developer, though, you can't help worrying. So much depends on chance — you lie in your bed of oxyhydride slush, wondering which role fate will ...
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    Nature 408 (2000), S. 909-910 
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    Notes: [Auszug] As W. H. Auden once observed, everyone loves the smell of his (or her) own farts. Children love the sound as well, so what better way to teach a subject such as the history of medicine than by adopting a scatological perspective? ...As its subtitle suggests, Sick! offers an ...
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    Nature 408 (2000), S. 921-923 
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    Notes: [Auszug] A conventional approach to studying the brain is to determine whether a particular signal or region is mainly sensory or motor in nature, reflecting what comes into the brain or what flows out, respectively. In this view, the input region (the sensory cortex) processes sensory signals to ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] The development of materials with dimensions in the nanoscale range is a highly active area of research because they often have very different properties from the bulk material. These properties can offer new or improved technological applications. So far, materials scientists interested in ...
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    Nature 408 (2000), S. 929-929 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Penguins use twice as much metabolic energy as other terrestrial animals of a similar mass to walk a given distance, which was thought to be because side-to-side waddling requires excessive work. Here we show that waddling actually conserves mechanical energy and suggest instead that ...
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    Nature 408 (2000), S. 755-755 
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    Notes: [Auszug] American anthropologists are going through a traumatic episode that calls for decisive and definitive action. Journalist Patrick Tierney has written a book — Darkness in El Dorado: How Scientists and Journalists Devastated the Amazon — that alleges scientific misconduct by ...
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    Nature 408 (2000), S. 757-757 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Tokyo Japanese science policy faces a huge shake-up next year, as the government bids to curtail the influence of its own bureaucrats. On 6 January, two new official bodies will come into operation as part of the most comprehensive reorganization of the Japanese government ...
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    Nature 408 (2000), S. 759-759 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Science magazine has released details of the terms under which it plans to publish Celera Genomics' paper on the human genome — and drawn sharp criticism over the limits that the terms set on data access. Celera and Science have agreed that publicly funded scientists can download up to ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Munich In response to complaints from researchers about the cost of scientific journals, Germany's largest network of laboratories plans to build a standardized desktop information system for all its scientists. The Max Planck Society (MPS) has created a Centre for ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Tokyo ...Bucking the international trend towards ending programmes to build nuclear power plants that breed their own fuel, Japan is drawing up plans to reopen its prototype fast-breeder reactor. The Monju reactor at Fukui, 500 kilometres southwest of Tokyo, has been ...
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    Nature 408 (2000), S. 771-771 
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    Notes: [Auszug] “The targeted readership includes both cartographic historians and weather enthusiasts drawn predominantly from the United States. Monmonier's approach is that of the academic cartographer, and this particular slant both gives the book its charm and defines its weaknesses.” Huw C. ...
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    Nature 408 (2000), S. 786-786 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ...Some researchers live their lives by the scientific credo that the best path to creative discovery is an open mind, a stimulating environment and colleagues, and outstanding resources with which to test hypotheses. Such a scientist was Michael Smith, who died on 4 October 2000 ...
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    Nature 408 (2000), S. 789-790 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Soils store two or three times more carbon than exists in the atmosphere as CO2, and it is thought that the temperature sensitivity of decomposing organic matter in soil partly determines how much carbon will be transferred to the atmosphere as a result of global warming. ...
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    Nature 408 (2000), S. 792-793 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] No plant scientist would deny that the complete genome sequence of the thale cress Arabidopsis thaliana is a landmark. The information it contains should give a boost to just about every area of plant science. But many agricultural researchers would not have made Arabidopsis their number-one ...
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    Nature 408 (2000), S. 639-641 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ...When Max Planck announced his quantum assumption in his talk at the German Physical Society in Berlin on 14 December 1900, nobody, including himself, realized that he was opening the door to a completely new theoretical description of nature. Quantum physics has had unsurpassed success in ...
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    Nature 408 (2000), S. 645-646 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ...More than any other American astronomer, Henry Norris Russell (1877–1957) believed that observational astronomy was only of use if it was directed specifically at solving problems concerned with the constitution and evolution of the stars. For, before 1920, so little was known about ...
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    Nature 408 (2000), S. 645-645 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ...Until 15 February 2001, visitors to Berlin's Staatsbibliothek am Kulturforum can see an exhibition of artefacts connected with quantum physics. These include a reconstruction of Max Planck's laboratory of 1895 (above), where the germ of quantum theory took root, and a page from Einstein's ...
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    Nature 408 (2000), S. 649-649 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ...The scene: a lecture hall, slowly filling. MURPHY, carrying a canvas bag, sits down beside the distinguished researcher waiting to speak. MURPHY. So, you got the copy of Nature's Retrospective on the Future in your e-load, too. Amusing, huh? PROFESSOR [dubiously]. Everyone got it, at ...
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    Nature 408 (2000), S. 652-653 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] When and where did our species arise? Over the past two decades molecular evolutionists have vigorously pursued this question. DNA evidence from the cell powerhouse known as the mitochondrion has figured prominently in these studies, with mutations providing the raw data for producing ...
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    Nature 408 (2000), S. 656-657 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The industrial revolution in the western world had enormous socioeconomic effects — but it also unwittingly started a global experiment that has now been running for two centuries. One of the unforeseen consequences of the industrial revolution was a steady increase in the amount of ...
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    Nature 408 (2000), S. 665-666 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Part of the controversy surrounding this year's presidential election in the United States concerns the potential for systematic bias in the ballot-card format — could the butterfly ballot used in Palm Beach County, Florida, have led to confusion and caused people who had intended to ...
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    Nature 408 (2000), S. 668-668 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Bochtler et al. reply The central issue raised by Ishikawa et al. is that of the configuration of the productive HslVU complex. We note that complexes of HslV and HslU in E. coli are labile and unstable under many conditions. The original electron ...
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