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  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • 1990-1994  (7,163)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple scattering of X-rays in the case of isotropic samples (1990)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 23 (1990), S. 11-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The contribution of multiple scattering in wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments on isotropic samples using Mo Kα and Cu Kα radiation is estimated. The portion of doubly and triply scattered intensity was calculated with a tedious Monte Carlo simulation method and the portion of doubly scattered intensity was calculated with a fast approximate numerical integration procedure. In the case of light elements the correction was found to be important. The approximate method proved to be reliable for thin samples in cases where the cross section for inelastic scattering is small. The effect of the molecular structure of the material on the multiply scattered intensity was demonstrated in the case of liquid sulfur and found to be meaningful at small scattering angles. The correction method was applied to the radial atomic density function (RDF) analysis of water and sulfur. The correction improved the behaviour of the reduced interference function but its effect on the RDF was small in both cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889889009283
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transmission electron microscope studies of phase transitions in single crystals and ceramics of ferroelectric Pb(Sc1/2Ta1/2)O3 (1990)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 23 (1990), S. 43-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An account is given of transmission electron microscope investigations of the phase transitions in single crystals and ceramics of the complex perovskite structured ferroelectric `relaxor' compound Pb(Sc1/2Ta1/2)O3. The crystal symmetries pertaining to both the non-polar paraelectric (PE) and polar ferroelectric (FE) states have been studied by the technique of convergent-beam electron diffraction. A new phase transition has been discovered in the temperature range for which the FE and PE states coexist. The new phase transition is interpreted as the creation of a modulated antiferroelectric state, and this is viewed as marking a departure from relaxor behaviour towards more `normal' ferroelectric behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188988901085X
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-resolution electron microscopic study on long-period superstructures with 6H stacking sequence in Au3Cd alloys (1990)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 23 (1990), S. 55-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Atomic arrangements of long-period superstructures in Au–24.5at.%Cd alloy with the basic h.c.p. structure have been investigated by high-resolution electron microscopy. The alloy shows one-dimensional or two-dimensional long-period superstructures in the close-packed plane with a 6H stacking sequence, depending on heat treatments. It is shown that the two-dimensional incommensurate superstructure with a period larger than 9a0 is composed of domains of the hexagonal commensurate structure (M = 9) separated by the antiphase-boundary zone in which 33/2a0 × 2a0 × 3c0 orthorhombic structure is formed (a0, c0 being the lattice parameters of the h.c.p. structure). Microstructures of the alloy annealed at 620 K with the one-dimensional long-period superstructure and of the alloy quenched from 770 K showing diffuse scattering have also been investigated by high-resolution electron microscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889889011441
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Closed-form expressions for Fourier–Bessel transform of Slater-type functions (1990)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 23 (1990), S. 71-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Integrals of the type G_{N.k}(S,Z) = \int^{\infty}_{0}r^N{\rm exp}(- Zr)j_k(Sr){\rm d}r for k ≤ N − 1 have been directly evaluated and the closed-form expressions are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889889010484
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The properties of anisotropic small-angle scattering (1990)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 23 (1990), S. 79-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: It is shown that the cross section of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) on an anisotropic system of point scatterers is determined by a symmetric tensor (R). The mean square radius of gyration of the system is the trace of R. A simple method is proposed for experimental determination of the tensor R by small-angle measurements with rotation of a sample.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889889008253
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear least-squares adjustment of UB matrix elements and the prediction of reflection positions (1990)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 23 (1990), S. 111-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A method is presented for the linear least-squares refinement of small changes in the UB matrix elements and diffractometer offsets in single-crystal diffractometer experiments. It thus affords a rapid method for calculating the consequent changes in the positions of the centres of Bragg reflections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889889013026
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time modulation of small-angle neutron scattering in the longitudinally vibrating double-crystal system (1990)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 23 (1990), S. 70-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The use of two longitudinally vibrating perfect crystals is suggested for small-angle neutron scattering experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889889010241
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A versatile new cryostat for obtaining X-ray diffuse intensity data from thin flat single crystals (1990)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 23 (1990), S. 77-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889889011118
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Approximation of pole figures for the determination of crystal orientation in polymeric solids (1990)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 23 (1990), S. 88-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The approximation of experimentally measured angular intensity distributions of X-rays diffracted by oriented polycrystalline specimens is suggested as a method for the determination of orientation distribution characteristics for uniaxially oriented polymeric fibres. A non-linear optimization program based on a Hook–Jeeves algorithm is elaborated and incorporated into the method. As an example, the interpretation of the data from polyethylene specimens having various degrees of orientation is given. An important application of the method is the analysis of distributions (pole figures) using a superposition of two identical or similar functions with different parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889889012185
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A HREM study of nonbasal twinning and superlattices in ilmenite (1990)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 23 (1990), S. 82-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The microstructures of natural ilmenite found in Panzhihua district, China, were examined by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). The [{\bar 1}2{\bar 1}0] structural images showed clearly the (10{\bar 1}1) nonbasal twinning which seems to be coincident with the [{\bar 1}012] rotation twinning. The superlattices with periodicities of 16.8 and 12.6 Å, respectively, as well as the unit-cell twinning related to the ordering of (10{\bar 1}1) multiple twinnings were observed. The superlattice resulting from the ordering arrangement of (10{\bar 1}1) stacking faults related to the slip systems suggested by Heuer [Philos, Mag. (1966), 13, 379–893] were also detected. Possible genetic aspects are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188988901099X
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