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Praktische Krankenhaushygiene und Umweltschutz (2006)

Daschner, F. ; Dettenkofer, M. ; Frank, U. ; [weitere]

Springer

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Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 543 Seiten)

Ausgabe: 3. Aufl.

ISBN: 9783540345251

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-34525-6

Sprache: Deutsch

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Hydrothermal alteration of oceanic crust in the West Philichemistry investigationppine Sea Basin(Ocean Drilling Program Leg 195,Site 1201): inferences from a mineral (2006)

D'Antonio, M. ; Kristensen, M. B.

Springer

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: Secondary minerals of a 91 meters-thick sequence of pillow basalts cored during ODP Leg 195 (Site 1201, West Philippine Basin) were investigated to reconstruct the hydrothermal alteration history and regime. The basement was first buried by red clays, and then by a thick turbidite sequence, thereby isolating it from seawater. The basalts are primitive to moderately fractionated, texturally variable from hypocrystalline and spherulitic to intersertal, sub-ophitic and intergranular. Relic primary minerals are plagioclase, clinopyroxene and opaques. Hydrothermal alteration pervasively affected the basalts, generating secondary clay minerals (mostly glauconite, minor Al-saponite and Fe-beidellite, Na-zeolites, minor alkali-feldspar and calcite. The secondary mineral paragenesis and mutual relationships suggest that the hydrothermal alteration occurred under zeolite-facies conditions, at temperatures 100-150 C. The main phase of alteration occurred under oxidizing conditions, with a high seawater rock ratio, in an open-circulation regime, at temperatures of 30-60 C, with precipitation of abundant glauconite and iddingsite. A later stage of alteration occurred at ca. 70 C, with precipitation of abundant Na-zeolites and minor calcite, in a more restricted circulation regime as a consequence of basement burial under the sedimentary cover, which supplied an altered, Ca-rich and Magma-sulfate-poor water causing precipitation of almost pure calcite.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 87-112

Beschreibung: open

Schlagwort(e): west Philippine ; Mineral chemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

Materialart: article

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Deformation of the Central Andean Upper Plate System – Facts, Fiction, and Constraints for Plateau Models (2006)

Oncken, Onno ; Hindle, David ; Kley, Jonas ; [weitere]

Springer

In: EPIC3The Andes - Active Subduction Orogeny, Frontiers in Earth Sciences, Springer, pp. 3-27, ISBN: 978-3-540-24329-8

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-04-15

Beschreibung: We quantitatively analyse the spatial pattern of deformation partitioning and of temporal accumulation of deformation in the Central Andes (15–26° S) with the aim of identifying those mechanisms responsible for initiating and controlling Cenozoic plateau evolution in this region. Our results show that the differential velocity between upper plate velocity and oceanic plate slab rollback velocity is crucial for determining the amount and rate of shortening, as well as their lateral variability at the leading edge of the upper plate. This primary control is modulated by factors affecting the strength balance between the upper plate lithosphere and the Nazca/South American Plate interface. These factors particularly include a stage of reduced slab dip (33 to 20 Ma) that accelerated shortening and an earlier phase (45 to 33 Ma) of higher trenchward sediment flux that reduced coupling at the plate interface, resulting in slowed shortening and enhanced slab rollback. Because high sediment flux and transfer of convergence into upper plate shortening constitute a negative feedback, we suggest that interruption of this feedback is critical for sustaining high shortening transfer, as observed for the Andes. Although we show that climate trends have no influence on the evolution of the Central Andes, the position of this region in the global arid belt in a low erosion regime is the key that provides this interruption; it inhibits high sediment flux into the trench despite the formation of relief from ongoing shortening. Along-strike variations in Andean shortening are clearly related to changes of the above factors. The spatial pattern of distribution of deformation in the Central Andes, as well as the synchronization of fault systems and the total magnitude of shortening, was mainly controlled by large-scale, inherited upper plate features that constitute zones of weakness in the upper plate leading edge. In summary, only a very particular combination of parameters appears to be able to trigger plateau-style deformation at a convergent continental margin. The combination of these parameters (in particular, differential trench-upper plate velocity evolution, high plate interface coupling from low trench infill, and the lateral distribution of weak zones in the upper plate leading edge) was highly uncommon during the Phanerozoic. This led to very few plateau-style orogens at convergent margins like the Cenozoic Central Andes in South America or, possibly, the Laramide North American Cordillera.

Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

Materialart: Inbook , peerRev

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Future Satellite Gravimetry and Earth Dynamics (2006)

Springer

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Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-12

Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/book

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Observation of the Earth from Space (2006)

Springer

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Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-12

Schlagwort(e): 550 - Earth sciences

Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/book

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Digitale Medien

Anaerobic Bioremediation of Groundwater Containing a Mixture of 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane and Chloroethenes (2006)

Aulenta, Federico ; Potalivo, Monica ; Majone, Mauro ; [weitere]

Springer

Biodegradation 17 (2006), S. 193-206

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ISSN: 1572-9729

Schlagwort(e): bioremediation ; Dehalococcoides ; dechlorination ; microcosm ; tetrachloroethane ; trichloroethene

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Abstract This study investigated the biotransformation pathways of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (1,1,2,2-TeCA) in the presence of chloroethenes (i.e. tetrachloroethene, PCE; trichloroethene, TCE) in anaerobic microcosms constructed with subsurface soil and groundwater from a contaminated site. When amended with yeast extract, lactate, butyrate, or H2 and acetate, 1,1,2,2-TeCA was initially dechlorinated via both hydrogenolysis to 1,1,2-trichloroethane (1,1,2-TCA) (major pathway) and dichloroelimination to dichloroethenes (DCEs) (minor pathway), with both reactions occurring under sulfidogenic conditions. In the presence of only H2, the hydrogenolysis of 1,1,2,2-TeCA to 1,1,2-TCA apparently required the presence of acetate to occur. Once formed, 1,1,2-TCA was degraded predominantly via dichloroelimination to vinyl chloride (VC). Ultimately, chloroethanes were converted to chloroethenes (mainly VC and DCEs) which persisted in the microcosms for very long periods along with PCE and TCE originally present in the groundwater. Hydrogenolysis of chloroethenes occurred only after highly reducing methanogenic conditions were established. However, substantial conversion to ethene (ETH) was observed only in microcosms amended with yeast extract (200 mg/l), suggesting that groundwater lacked some nutritional factors which were likely provided to dechlorinating microorganisms by this complex organic substrate. Bioaugmentation with an H2-utilizing PCE-dechlorinating Dehalococcoides spp. -containing culture resulted in the conversion of 1,1,2,2-TeCA, PCE and TCE to ETH and VC. No chloroethanes accumulated during degradation suggesting that 1,1,2,2-TeCA was degraded through initial dichloroelimination into DCEs and then typical hydrogenolysis into ETH and VC.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-005-4218-7

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7

Digitale Medien

Impacts of Bioremediation Schemes on Bacterial Population in Naphthalene-Contaminated Marine Sediments (2006)

Miyasaka, Tomomichi ; Asami, Hiroki ; Watanabe, Kazuya

Springer

Biodegradation 17 (2006), S. 227-235

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ISSN: 1572-9729

Schlagwort(e): community fingerprint ; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ; 16S rRNA

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Abstract Microcosm experiments were conduced in which the surface of marine sediment was contaminated with naphthalene and subjected to either of three different bioremediation schemes, i.e., biostimulation (BS) by supplementing with slow-release nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, bioaugmentation (BA) by inoculating with Cycloclasticus sp. E2, an aromatics-degrading bacterium identified to play an important role for aromatic-hydrocarbon degradation in marine environments and combination (CB) of BS and BA. These three schemes were found to be similarly effective for removing naphthalene, while naphthalene disappearance in sediment without any treatment (WT) was slower than those in the treated sediments. Shifts in bacterial populations during and after bioremediation were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments. It was found that the Cycloclasticus rRNA type occurred as the strongest bands in the course of naphthalene degradation. Clustering analysis of DGGE profiles showed that bacterial populations in the WT, BS and CB sediments differed consistently from those in the uncontaminated control, while the profile for the BA sediment was finally included in the cluster for uncontaminated control sediments after a 150-day treatment. The results suggest that bioaugmentation with ecologically competent pollutant-degrading bacteria is an ecologically promising bioremediation scheme.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-005-5018-9

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Digitale Medien

Isolation of Fenitrothion-degrading Strain Burkholderia sp. FDS-1 and Cloning of mpd Gene (2006)

Zhang, Zhonghui ; Hong, Qing ; Xu, Jianghong ; [weitere]

Springer

Biodegradation 17 (2006), S. 275-283

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ISSN: 1572-9729

Schlagwort(e): biodegradation ; Burkholderia ; fenitrothion ; mpd gene

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Abstract A short rod shaped, gram-negative bacterium strain Burkholderia sp. FDS-1 was isolated from the sludge of the wastewater treating system of an organophosphorus pesticides manufacturer. The isolate was capable of using fenitrothion as the sole carbon source for its growth. FDS-1 first hydrolyzed fenitrothion to 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, which was further metabolized to nitrite and methylhydroquinone. The addition of other carbon source and omitting phosphorus source had little effect on the hydrolysis of fenitrothion. The gene encoding the organophosphorus hydrolytic enzyme was cloned and sequenced. The sequence was similar to mpd, a gene previously shown to encode a parathion-methyl-hydrolyzing enzyme in Plesiomonas sp. M6. The inoculation of strain FDS-1 (106 cells g−1) to soil treated with 100 mg fenitrothion emulsion kg−1 resulted in a higher degradation rate than in noninoculated soils regardless of the soil sterilized or nonsterilized. These results highlight the potential of this bacterium to be used in the cleanup of contaminated pesticide waste in the environment.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-005-7130-2

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Digitale Medien

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) Utilization by Delftia acidovorans MC1 at Alkaline pH and in the Presence of Dichlorprop is Improved by Introduction of the tfdK Gene (2006)

Hoffmann, Doreen ; Müller, Roland H.

Springer

Biodegradation 17 (2006), S. 263-273

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ISSN: 1572-9729

Schlagwort(e): Delftia acidovorans MC1 ; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) ; 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propanoic acid (2,4-DP) ; effect of tfdK gene ; simultaneous utilization of 2,4-D and 2,4-DP ; uptake characteristics

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Abstract Growth of Delftia acidovorans MC1 on 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and on racemic 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid ((RS)-2,4-DP) was studied in the perspective of an extension of the strain’s degradation capacity at alkaline pH. At pH 6.8 the strain grew on 2,4-D at a maximum rate (μmax) of 0.158 h−1. The half-maximum rate-associated substrate concentration (Ks) was 45 μM. At pH 8.5 μmax was only 0.05 h−1 and the substrate affinity was mucher lower than at pH 6.8. The initial attack of 2,4-D was not the limiting step at pH 8.5 as was seen from high dioxygenase activity in cells grown at this pH. High stationary 2,4-D concentrations and the fact that μmax with dichlorprop was around 0.2 h−1 at both pHs rather pointed at limited 2,4-D uptake at pH 8.5. Introduction of tfdK from D. acidovorans P4a by conjugation, coding for a 2,4-D-specific transporter resulted in improved growth on 2,4-D at pH 8.5 with μmax of 0.147 h−1 and Ks of 267 μM. Experiments with labeled substrates showed significantly enhanced 2,4-D uptake by the transconjugant TK62. This is taken as an indication of expression of the tfdK gene and proper function of the transporter. The uncoupler carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) reduced the influx of 2,4-D. At a concentration of 195 μM 2,4-D, the effect amounted to 90% and 50%, respectively, with TK62 and MC1. Cloning of tfdK also improved the utilization of 2,4-D in the presence of (RS)−2,4-DP. Simultaneous and almost complete degradation of both compounds occurred in TK62 up to D = 0.23 h−1 at pH 6.8 and up to D = 0.2 h−1 at pH 8.5. In contrast, MC1 left 2,4-D largely unutilized even at low dilution rates when growing on herbicide mixtures at pH 8.5.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-005-6894-8

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Digitale Medien

Efforts to Explain and Control the Prolonged Thermophilic Period in Two-phase Olive Oil Mill Sludge Composting (2006)

Manios, Thrassyvoulos ; Maniadakis, Konstantinos ; Kalogeraki, Maria ; [weitere]

Springer

Biodegradation 17 (2006), S. 285-292

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ISSN: 1572-9729

Schlagwort(e): composting ; crude oil ; olive mill wastewater ; olive oil mills ; olive tree branches ; olive tree leaves ; sludge ; woodchips

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Abstract The aim of this paper was to evaluate the use of different bulking agents in different ratios as a means to control, optimise and eventually reduce the duration of the thermophilic period in two-phase olive oil mill sludge (OOMS) composting. The bulking agents used were: (i) olive tree leaves (OTL), (ii) olive tree shredded branches (OTB) and (iii) woodchips (WDC). The selection of these materials was based on their abundance and availability on the island of Crete, the southernmost point of Greece. The ratios studied were: Pile 1, OOMS:OTL in 1:1 v/v; Pile 2, OOMS:WDC in 1:1.5 v/v; Pile 3, OOMS:OTL in 1:2 v/v; Pile 4, OOMS:OTL:OTB in 1:1:1 v/v; and Pile 5, OOMS:OTL:OTB in 1:1:2 v/v. The composting system used was that of windrows with the volume of each pile approximately 20–25 m3. The experiments took place over two consecutive years. A composting turner was used and turnings were performed at one and two week intervals. In each pile a variety of physiochemical parameters were monitored. Temperature remained high in all five trials. Piles 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 temperatures recorded values of above 50 °C for 106, 158, 160, 175 and 183 days, respectively. Volumes were reduced by approximately 67%, 62%, 63%, 80% and 84%, respectively. Temperature remained high, mainly due to the presence in large amounts of oily substances which during their complete oxidation release important amounts of energy and aid the cometabolism of more stable molecules such as lignin. This process is better described as the slow “burning” of a “fuel” mixture in an “engine” than composting. This approach is based on the extensive similarities of this process to that of crude oil sludge or similar waste composting.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-005-7566-4

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