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  • Institute of Physics (IOP)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 1
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1(1).2016 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Electronic ISSN: 2470-1343
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 2
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.2018 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Electronic ISSN: 2575-9108
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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  • 3
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1(1).2016 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Electronic ISSN: 2379-3694
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 4
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.2012 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Electronic ISSN: 2161-5063
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 5
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1(1).2015 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Electronic ISSN: 2374-7951
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 6
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.2006 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 1554-8929
    Electronic ISSN: 1554-8937
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 7
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.2000 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 1525-7797
    Electronic ISSN: 1526-4602
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 8
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.1990 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 1043-1802
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-4812
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 9
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.1962 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0006-2960
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-4995
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 10
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 94.2016 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0009-2347
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-605X , 2474-7408
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 11
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.1909 – 62.1970
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0019-7866 , 0095-9014
    Electronic ISSN: 1541-5724 , 1943-2968
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 12
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.2016 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Electronic ISSN: 2380-8195
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 13
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.1929 –
    Formerly as: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry / Analytical Edition  (1929–1946)
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0003-2700 , 0096-4484
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6882
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 14
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 30(9).2000 – 31(12).2001
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 1531-5339
    Electronic ISSN: 1527-4799
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 15
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.1989 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0897-4756
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 16
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.2001 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 1530-6984
    Electronic ISSN: 1530-6992
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 17
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.1985 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0743-7463
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5827
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 18
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.1956 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0021-9568 , 0095-9146
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5134
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 19
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1(1).1961 – 14(4).1974
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0021-9576
    Electronic ISSN: 1541-5732
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 20
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.1999 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 1523-7060
    Electronic ISSN: 1523-7052
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 21
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.1967 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0013-936X
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5851
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 22
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.2009 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 1944-8244
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8252
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 23
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.1924 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0009-2665
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6890
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 24
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.2001 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 1528-7483
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-7505
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 25
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.1987 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0887-0624
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5029
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 26
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.2014 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Electronic ISSN: 2328-8930
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 27
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.1959 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0022-2623 , 0095-9065
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-4804 , 1943-2992
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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  • 28
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    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Online: 1.2017 –
    Publisher: Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Electronic ISSN: 2399-6528
    Topics: Physics
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  • 29
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.1896 – 100.1996
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0022-3654 , 0092-7023 , 0092-7325
    Electronic ISSN: 1541-5740 , 1943-300X , 1943-3018
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 30
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 111.2007 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 1932-7447
    Electronic ISSN: 1932-7455
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 31
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    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Online: 1.2019 –
    Publisher: Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Electronic ISSN: 2515-7655
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 32
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    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Online: 1.2018 –
    Publisher: Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Electronic ISSN: 2515-7639
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 33
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    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Online: 1.2019 –
    Publisher: Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Electronic ISSN: 2515-7647
    Topics: Physics
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  • 34
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.1982 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0276-7333
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6041
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 35
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0091-1968 , 0196-4321 , 0536-1079
    Electronic ISSN: 1541-4841 , 1943-2976 , 1943-3026
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 36
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 101.1997 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 1089-5639
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5215
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 37
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.1936 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0022-3263
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6904
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Parallel titles: The Journal of Organic Chemistry
    Acronym: JOC
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  • 38
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.1962 – 25.1986
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0196-4313
    Electronic ISSN: 1541-4833
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 39
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.2005 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 1549-9618
    Electronic ISSN: 1549-9626
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 40
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 101(1).1997 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 1089-5647 , 1520-6106
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5207
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 41
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.1896 – 39.1935
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0022-3654
    Electronic ISSN: 1541-5740
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 42
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.2010 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Electronic ISSN: 1948-7185
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 43
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.2002 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 1535-3893
    Electronic ISSN: 1535-3907
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 44
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.1962 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0020-1669
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-510X
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 45
    Formerly as: Journal of Chemical Documentation; Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences  (1961–2004)
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0021-9576 , 0095-2338 , 1549-9596
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5142 , 1549-960X
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 46
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.1962 – 25.1986
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0196-4305
    Electronic ISSN: 1541-5716
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 47
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 26.1987 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0888-5885
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5045
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 48
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.2004 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 1543-8384
    Electronic ISSN: 1543-8392
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 49
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.1953 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0021-8561
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5118
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 50
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 1.1968 –
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 0024-9297
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5835
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 51
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 3(8).2000 – 7(12).2004
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 1099-8209
    Electronic ISSN: 1532-4486
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 52
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Online: 9(11).2000 – 13(12).2004
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Print ISSN: 1062-094X
    Electronic ISSN: 1532-4494
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 53
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science & Technology, American Chemical Society (ACS), 57(17), pp. 6799-6807, ISSN: 0013-936X
    Publication Date: 2023-08-16
    Description: Plastic pollution has become ubiquitous with very high quantities detected even in ecosystems as remote as arctic sea ice and deepsea sediments. Ice algae growing underneath sea ice are released upon melting and can form fast-sinking aggregates. In this pilot study, we sampled and analyzed the ice algaeMelosira arcticaand ambient sea water from three locations in the Fram Strait to assess their microplastic content and potential as a temporary sink and pathway to the deep seafloor. Analysis by μ-Raman and fluorescence microscopy detected microplastics (≥2.2 μm) in all samples at concentrations ranging from 1.3 to 5.7 × 104 microplastics (MP) m−3 in ice algae and from 1.4 to 4.5 × 103 MP m−3 in sea water, indicating magnitude higher concentrations in algae. On average, 94% of the total microplastic particles were identified as 10 μm or smaller in size and comprised 16 polymer types without a clear dominance. The high concentrations of microplastics found in our pilot study suggest thatM. arctica could trap microplastics from melting ice and ambient sea water. The algae appear to be a temporary sink and could act as a key vector to food webs near the sea surface and on the deep seafloor, to which its fast-sinking aggregates could facilitate an important mechanism of transport.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides (SGARs) are widely used to control rodent populations, resulting in the serious secondary exposure of predators to these contaminants. In the United Kingdom (UK), professional use and purchase of SGARs were revised in the 2010s. Certain highly toxic SGARs have been authorized since then to be used outdoors around buildings as resistance-breaking chemicals under risk mitigation procedures. However, it is still uncertain whether and how these regulatory changes have influenced the secondary exposure of birds of prey to SGARs. Based on biomonitoring of the UK Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo) collected from 2001 to 2019, we assessed the temporal trend of exposure to SGARs and statistically determined potential turning points. The magnitude of difenacoum decreased over time with a seasonal fluctuation, while the magnitude and prevalence of more toxic brodifacoum, authorized to be used outdoors around buildings after the regulatory changes, increased. The summer of 2016 was statistically identified as a turning point for exposure to brodifacoum and summed SGARs that increased after this point. This time point coincided with the aforementioned regulatory changes. Our findings suggest a possible shift in SGAR use to brodifacoum from difenacoum over the decades, which may pose higher risks of impacts on wildlife.
    Keywords: apex predator ; conditional inference trees ; effectiveness evaluation ; regulatory changes ; seasonal fluctuation
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 55
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science & Technology, American Chemical Society (ACS), 58(9), pp. 4302-4313, ISSN: 0013-936X
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The pollution of the marine environment with plastic debris is expected to increase, where ocean currents and winds cause their accumulation in convergence zones like the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG). Surface-floating plastic (〉330 μm) was collected in the North Pacific Ocean between Vancouver (Canada) and Singapore using a neuston catamaran and identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Baseline concentrations of 41,600–102,700 items km–2 were found, dominated by polyethylene and polypropylene. Higher concentrations (factors 4–10) of plastic items occurred not only in the NPSG (452,800 items km–2) but also in a second area, the Papaha̅naumokua̅kea Marine National Monument (PMNM, 285,200 items km–2). This second maximum was neither reported previously nor predicted by the applied ocean current model. Visual observations of floating debris (〉5 cm; 8–2565 items km–2 and 34–4941 items km–2 including smaller “white bits”) yielded similar patterns of baseline pollution (34–3265 items km–2) and elevated concentrations of plastic debris in the NPSG (67–4941 items km–2) and the PMNM (295–3748 items km–2). These findings suggest that ocean currents are not the only factor provoking plastic debris accumulation in the ocean. Visual observations may be useful to increase our knowledge of large-scale (micro)plastic pollution in the global oceans.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 56
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science and Technology, American Chemical Society (ACS), 58(10), pp. 4637-4647, ISSN: 0013-936X
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important component of the global carbon cycle, yet its intricate composition and the sea salt matrix pose major challenges for chemical analysis. We introduce a direct injection, reversed-phase liquid chromatography ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry approach to analyze marine DOM without the need for solid-phase extraction. Effective separation of salt and DOM is achieved with a large chromatographic column and an extended isocratic aqueous step. Postcolumn dilution of the sample flow with buffer-free solvents and implementing a counter gradient reduced salt buildup in the ion source and resulted in excellent repeatability. With this method, over 5,500 unique molecular formulas were detected from just 5.5 nmol carbon in 100 μL of filtered Arctic Ocean seawater. We observed a highly linear detector response for variable sample carbon concentrations and a high robustness against the salt matrix. Compared to solid-phase extracted DOM, our direct injection method demonstrated superior sensitivity for heteroatom-containing DOM. The direct analysis of seawater offers fast and simple sample preparation and avoids fractionation introduced by extraction. The method facilitates studies in environments, where only minimal sample volume is available e.g. in marine sediment pore water, ice cores, or permafrost soil solution. The small volume requirement also supports higher spatial (e.g., in soils) or temporal sample resolution (e.g., in culture experiments). Chromatographic separation adds further chemical information to molecular formulas, enhancing our understanding of marine biogeochemistry, chemodiversity, and ecological processes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 57
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science and Technology, American Chemical Society (ACS), ISSN: 0013-936X
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Marine permeable sediments are important sites for organic matter turnover in the coastal ocean. However, little is known about their role in trapping dissolved organic matter (DOM). Here, we examined DOM abundance and molecular compositions (9804 formulas identified) in subtidal permeable sediments along a near- to offshore gradient in the German North Sea. With the salinity increasing from 30.1 to 34.6 PSU, the DOM composition in bottom water shifts from relatively higher abundances of aromatic compounds to more highly unsaturated compounds. In the bulk sediment, DOM leached by ultrapure water (UPW) from the solid phase is 54 ± 20 times more abundant than DOM in porewater, with higher H/C ratios and a more terrigenous signature. With 0.5 M HCl, the amount of leached DOM (enriched in aromatic and oxygen-rich compounds) is doubled compared to UPW, mainly due to the dissolution of poorly crystalline Fe phases (e.g., ferrihydrite and Fe monosulfides). This suggests that poorly crystalline Fe phases promote DOM retention in permeable sediments, preferentially terrigenous, and aromatic fractions. Given the intense filtration of seawater through the permeable sediments, we posit that Fe can serve as an important intermediate storage for terrigenous organic matter and potentially accelerate organic matter burial in the coastal ocean.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 58
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  EPIC3Analytical Chemistry, American Chemical Society (ACS), 90(24), pp. 14188-14197, ISSN: 0003-2700
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Investigating the biogeochemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM) requires the synthesis of data from several complementary analytical techniques. The traditional approach to data synthesis is to search for correlations between measurements made on the same sample using different instruments. In contrast, data fusion simultaneously decomposes data from multiple instruments into the underlying shared and unshared components. Here, Advanced Coupled Matrix and Tensor Factorization (ACMTF) was used to identify the molecular fingerprint of DOM fluorescence fractions in Arctic fjords. ACMTF explained 99.84% of the variability with six fully shared components. Individual molecular formulas were linked to multiple fluorescence components and vice versa. Molecular fingerprints differed in diversity and oceanographic patterns, suggesting a link to the biogeochemical sources and diagenetic state of DOM. The fingerprints obtained through ACMTF were more specific compared to traditional correlation analysis and yielded greater compositional insight. Multivariate data fusion aligns extremely complex, heterogeneous DOM data sets and thus facilitates a more holistic understanding of DOM biogeochemistry.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 59
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science and Technology, American Chemical Society (ACS), 53(15), pp. 8747-8756, ISSN: 0013-936X
    Publication Date: 2024-04-12
    Description: Recent studies pointed to a high ice nucleating activity (INA) in the Arctic sea surface microlayer (SML). However, related chemical information is still sparse. In the present study, INA and free glucose concentrations were quantified in Arctic SML and bulk water samples from the marginal ice zone, the ice-free ocean, melt ponds, and open waters within the ice pack. T50 (defining INA) ranged from −17.4 to −26.8 °C. Glucose concentrations varied from 0.6 to 51 μg/L with highest values in the SML from the marginal ice zone and melt ponds (median 16.3 and 13.5 μg/L) and lower values in the SML from the ice pack and the ice-free ocean (median 3.9 and 4.0 μg/L). Enrichment factors between the SML and the bulk ranged from 0.4 to 17. A positive correlation was observed between free glucose concentration and INA in Arctic water samples (T50(°C) = (−25.6 ± 0.6) + (0.15 ± 0.04)·Glucose(μg/L), RP = 0.66, n = 74). Clustering water samples based on phytoplankton pigment composition resulted in robust but different correlations within the four clusters (RP between 0.67 and 0.96), indicating a strong link to phytoplankton-related processes. Since glucose did not show significant INA itself, free glucose may serve as a potential tracer for INA in Arctic water samples.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 60
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science and Technology, American Chemical Society (ACS), 57(15), pp. 6033-6039, ISSN: 0013-936X
    Publication Date: 2024-04-17
    Description: Plastic pollution is an international environmental problem. Desire to act is shared from the public to policymakers, yet motivation and approaches are diverging. Public attention is directed to reducing plastic consumption, cleaning local environments, and engaging in citizen science initiatives. Policymakers and regulators are working on prevention and mitigation measures, while international, regional, and national bodies are defining monitoring recommendations. Research activities are focused on validating approaches to address goals and comparing methods. Policy and regulation are eager to act on plastic pollution, often asking questions researchers cannot answer with available methods. The purpose of monitoring will define which method is implemented. A clear and open dialogue between all actors is essential to facilitate communication on what is feasible with current methods, further research, and development needs. For example, some methods can already be used for international monitoring, yet limitations including target plastic types and sizes, sampling strategy, available infrastructure and analytical capacity, and harmonization of generated data remain. Time and resources to advance scientific understanding must be balanced against the need to answer pressing policy issues.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Biochemistry DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00313
    Print ISSN: 0006-2960
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-4995
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: The boil-off gas (BOG) compressor is widely used for recycling the excessive boil-off gas of liquefied natural gas (LNG), and the extra-low suction temperature brings about great challenges to design of the BOG compressor. In this paper, a test system was built to examine the effects of low suction temperature on the compressor performance, in which the lowest temperature reached -178?C by means of a plate-fin heat exchanger with liquefied nitrogen. The test results showed that, as the suction temperature decreased from 20?C to -150?C, the volumetric efficiency of the compressor dropped by 37.0%, and the power consumption decreased by 10.0%. The preheat of the gas by the pipe through the suction flange to suction valve was larger than 20?C as the suction temperature was -150?C, and this value increased with the decreased suction temperature. The pressure loss through the suction valve at lower suction temperature was larger than that at ambient temperature while the volume flow r...
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: In order to meet the various operating loads of an air-conditioning system, an inverter compressor with a wide operational range is necessary. One of the ways to achieve a wide operation range is to drive a small capacity compressor at high speed. Moreover, it is possible to maximize the efficiency in part-load operation condition close to actual operating conditions and to reduce the cost by compact design of a small capacity compressor. In addition, the shortage of maximum capacity, due to the small rated capacity, is covered through high speed operation. However, in general, if the compressor operates at high speed, problems occurs such as reduced efficiency due to friction, increased noise, increased amount of oil discharge and decreased durability of the main components. In order to solve these problems the following have been investigated: optimized dimension parameters of the compression chamber, enhanced shaft design and the structure for the reduction of oil discharge an...
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: The Universal Modeling method is in constant use from mid - 1990 th . Below is presented the newest 6 th version of the Method. The flow path configuration of 3D impellers is presented in details. It is possible to optimize meridian configuration including hub/shroud curvatures, axial length, leading edge position, etc. The new model of vaned diffuser includes flow non-uniformity coefficient based on CFD calculations. The loss model was built from the results of 37 experiments with compressors stages of different flow rates and loading factors. One common set of empirical coefficients in the loss model guarantees the efficiency definition within an accuracy of 0.86% at the design point and 1.22% along the performance curve. The model verification was made. Four multistage compressors performances with vane and vaneless diffusers were calculated. As the model verification was made, four multistage compressors performances with vane and vaneless diffusers were ca...
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: CO 2 reduction and fossil fuel saving represent two of the cornerstones of the environmental commitments of all the countries of the world. The first engagement is of a medium to long term type, and unequivocally calls for a new energetic era. The second delays in time the fossil fuel technologies to favour an energetic transition. In order to sustain the two efforts, new immaterial markets have been established in almost all the countries of the world, whose exchanges (purchases and sales) concern CO 2 emissions and equivalent fossil fuels that have not been emitted or burned. This paper goes deep inside two aspects not yet exploited: specific CO 2 emissions and equivalent fossil fuel burned, as a function of compressed air produced. Reference is made to the current compressor technology, carefully analysing CAGI's (Compressed Air Gas Institute) data and integrating it with the PNUEROP (European Association of manufacturers of compressors, vacuum pu...
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: The goal of this work is numerical experiments for five different types of the centrifugal compressor's inlet chambers with the help of CFD-methods and comparison of the computational results with the results of the real experiment which was held in the Nevskiy Lenin Plant in Saint-Petersburg. In the context of one of the chambers the influence of deflectors on its characteristics was investigated. The objects of investigation are 5 inlet chambers of different types which differ from each other by deflectors? existence and by its number. The comparative analyze of the results of numerical and real experiments was held by means of comparison of relative velocity and static pressure coefficient distribution on hub and shroud region, and also by means of loss coefficient values change for all five chambers. As a result of the numerical calculation the quantitative and qualitative departure of CFD- calculations results and real experiment were found out. The investi...
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: A hermetic reciprocating compressor is the most energy consuming component of the refrigerators. Therefore performance improvement studies of the compressor play an important role to reduce overall energy consumption of the refrigerators. Design of bearings is one of the major study areas influencing reciprocating compressor performance. In this study crank pin and piston pin bearings in hermetic compressor applications are investigated and optimized. The effect of operating conditions, bearing offset between crank pin and piston pin, bearing clearance and bearing location along the shaft on the friction loss were investigated and optimal bearing designs were developed. Efficiency measurements of the compressor showed that the improved crank pin and piston pin bearing designs provide up to 3.8% increase in the COP as a result of reduction in mechanical loss that is significantly influenced by the length of the bearings, bearing location along the shaft and operating c...
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Compressors are the key equipment in the petrochemical and natural gas industry system. The performance and reliability of them are very important for the process system. The application status of petrochemical & natural gas compressors in China is presented in this paper. The present status of design and operating technologies of compressors in China are mentioned in this paper. The turbo, reciprocating and twin screw compressors are discussed. The market demands for different structure compressors in process gas industries are analysed. This paper also introduces the research and developments for high performance compressors in China. The recent research results on efficiency improvement methods, stability improvement, online monitor and fault diagnosis will also be presented in details.
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: The cyclone separator has attracted increasing attention due to its small size, rapid construction and high separation efficiency. This study investigated its gas-liquid two-phase flow and separation characteristics experimentally and numerically. A numerical model of two- phase flow in the cyclone separator was proposed using the Euler-Lagrange method. The distribution of pressure, tangential and axial velocity in the gas-phase flow field was obtained, and the oil droplet movement was traced. Separation efficiency was also studied experimentally, and the diameter distributions of oil droplets at the inlet and the outlet of the separator were measured by a Malvern laser particle size analyser to verify the simulation model. Based on high-speed photography technology, the oil film distribution and flow pattern on the wall of the cyclone separator were visualised. The variation of oil-gas two-phase flow in the cyclone separator was compared under various inlet flow rates. Based on ...
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: This paper is a continuing work from the same authors on the same topic by analogizing the transient shock tube process to the gas pulsation phenomena [1, 2]. It has been demonstrated in the previous theoretical investigation that gas pulsations can be generated either by a sudden velocity change (?U) say from a piston or lobe movement, or by the sudden opening of a pressure difference (?p 4 i) such as during the discharge phase of a rotary PD (Positive Displacement) compressor (screw, scroll or Roots) under UC (Under-Compression) or OC (Over-Compression) conditions. It is further reasoned that the more dominant pulsation source should be from the Ap 41 induced source, but without backing from experiments. This paper is aimed at validating the theoretical predictions through experimental investigation conducted on a Roots blower, a special 100% UC case. This further clarification is important not only to prove the theory, but would pave the way for potent...
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Different capacity control methods are used for adjusting suction flow of reciprocating compressors to meet process need. Compared with recycle or bypass and suction throttling, three capacity control methods of speed control, clearance pockets and suction valve unloading are preferred due to their energy-saving at operating condition of partial load. The paper reviewed state of the art of the current capacity control technologies and their principles. A comprehensive mathematical model was developed to predict thermodynamic and dynamic performance of reciprocating compressors equipped with the capacity control systems of four above-mentioned methods. Comparison of shaft work and mechanical efficiency were conducted for different capacity control methods at the same condition. In addition, their influence on p-v diagram and valve motion were also studied, which is important for reliability and life of the reciprocating compressors. These results were helpful for selection of the ...
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: The application of diaphragm compressors is severely limited by the low reliability and short life of diaphragms. The cavity profile has considerable influence on a diaphragm's stress level and therefore on its fatigue life. This experimental and theoretical analysis of the traditional cavity profile (as defined by a single-parameter generatrix) indicated that the short life of diaphragms may be caused by the superposition of peak radial stress and additional stress due to the discharge holes in the central region that occur when the diaphragm clings to the cavity surface. Therefore, two new kinds of cavity profiles are proposed to decrease the diaphragm's radial and total stress. The new cavity profiles based on different generatrices were designed in an attempt to reduce the peak radial stress in the central region. These cavities were manufactured to experimentally validate the designs. Experiments were carried out under various design conditions to investigate the radial stre...
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  • 73
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Steam is a widely used energy source. In many situations steam is generated at high pressures and then reduced in pressure through control valves before reaching point of use. An opportunity was identified to convert some of the energy at the point of pressure reduction into electricity. To take advantage of a market identified for small scale systems, a microturbine generator was designed based on a small high speed turbo machine. This machine was packaged with the necessary control valves and systems to allow connection of the machine to the grid. Traditional machines vary the speed of the generator to match the grid frequency. This was not possible due to the high speed of this machine. The characteristics of the rotating unit had to be understood to allow a control that allowed export of energy at the right frequency to the grid under the widest possible range of steam conditions. A further goal of the control system was to maximise the efficiency of generation under all cond...
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: When grinding helical components, errors occur at the beginning and end of the contact path between the component and grinding wheel. This is due to the forces on the component changing as the grinding wheel comes into and out-of full contact with the component. In addition, shaft bending may add depth changes which vary along the length. This may result in an interrupted contact line and increased noise from the rotors. Using on-board scanning, software has been developed to calculate a compensated grinding path, which includes the adjustments of head angle, work rotation and infeed. This grinding path compensates not only lead errors, but also reduces the profile errors as well. The program has been tested in rotor production and the results are shown.
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: The on-off cycling operating condition of compressors is very common in low capacity refrigeration systems, being characterized by alternate periods in which the compressor is either operating (on) or idle (off). Thermal interactions between the compressor components affect its performance during the operating period and establish the initial condition for the compressor start up from idle condition. This paper presents a numerical model to predict the temperature field of hermetic reciprocating compressors under on-off cycling conditions. The model adopts a lumped formulation for control volumes formed in the fluid solution domain and the finite volume method to solve heat conduction in the solid components. Some required heat transfer coefficients were experimentally adjusted. Predictions for temperature were compared to measurements and good agreement was observed, especially for the thermal transient during the period in which the compressor is off.
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: The trapezoidal profile is always used as part of tooth profile in the screw vacuum pump. However, interferential phenomenon occurs when using trapezoidal tooth profile. The arc is added to the trapezoidal profile to obtain the self-conjugate curve. The geometric characters of new profiles are compared with the old ones from view point of area of leakage triangle, length of contacting line, area utility coefficient, and etc. The rotor with the selfconjugate curve has characteristics of the small axial leakage area. Radial leakage from the carryover was within the same volume and would not influence the mass flow rate of the vacuum pump. High ultimate vacuum can be reached by utilizing this profile.
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Empirical compressor maps are a simple and reliable approach for heating and cooling system designers to estimate compressor refrigerant mass flow rate and power consumption quickly. These maps were used for a long time since most compressor manufacturers build the maps with extensive test matrices, leading to good accuracy. However, the situation changes when engineers extrapolate the maps to investigate the compressor's performance under extreme operating conditions such as for cold climate heat pump applications or under conditions with system faults. Engineers are not confident on the exact uncertainty of the extrapolation, and often claim that the inaccuracy of their studies is a result of high extrapolation uncertainty. This paper presents a method to estimate the extrapolation uncertainty due to the structure of the test matrix that trains the manufacturer maps and helps the investigators to understand if the extrapolation is the main cause of their inaccuracy. To verify t...
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Particulate flows are a serious problem in air ventilation systems, leading to erosion of rotor blades and aerodynamic performance degradation. This paper presents the numerical results of sand particle trajectories and erosion patterns in an axial ventilator and the subsequent blade deterioration. The flow field was solved separately by using the code CFX- TASCflow. The Lagrangian approach for the solid particles tracking implemented in our inhouse code considers particle and eddy interaction, particle size distribution, particle rebounds and near walls effects. The assessment of erosion wear is based on the impact frequency and local values of erosion rate. Particle trajectories and erosion simulation revealed distinctive zones of impacts with high rates of erosion mainly on the blade pressure side, whereas the suction side is eroded around the leading edge.
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: A lot of effort has been expended on understanding the influences of an injected auxiliary liquid on a twin screw expander's performance. Sealed clearances improve performance on the one hand, but involve considerable frictional losses on the other hand. This paper contributes to an evaluation of these opposing effects with regard to the efficiency of screw expanders. First, thermodynamic analyses using the multi-chamber model-based simulation tool KaSim , developed at the Chair of Fluidics, are presented for a test screw expander in order to show the maximum potential of clearance sealing. This analysis involves thermodynamic simulations for sealed and unsealed clearances and leads to an order of priorities for different clearance types. Second, hydraulic losses within front and housing clearances are calculated, applying an analytical model of incompressible one-phase clearance flow. Subsequently dry and wet screw expanders are evaluated while both clearance sealing and f...
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: In this paper the design evolution from rolling piston compressor (RP) to revolving vane compressor (RV) and finally to cross-vane expander-compressor unit (CVEC) is presented and discussed. The details in the design philosophy which initiated this evolution will be presented and discussed. It is estimated that more than 90% of the room air-conditioners uses RP in its compressor. This is because of its advantages: it has the few parts, it is simple geometrically and it is reliable. However, it is with no weaknesses. RP's weaknesses lie in three parts: too many rubbing surfaces with high relative rubbing velocity with each other which give rise to high frictional losses; components (eccentric and roller) are not rotating at their centres and resulted in unnecessary inherent vibration; vane tip is constantly rubbing against the roller making it a weakest part in design. To overcome RP's weaknesses, RV is introduced. As compared to RP, RV has fewer rubb...
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Centrifugal compressors are complex energy equipment. Automotive control and protection system should meet the requirements: of operation reliability and durability. In turbocompressors there are at least two dangerous areas: surge and rotating stall. Antisurge protecting systems usually use parametric or feature methods. As a rule industrial system are parametric. The main disadvantages of anti-surge parametric systems are difficulties in mass flow measurements in natural gas pipeline compressor. The principal idea of feature method is based on the experimental fact: as a rule just before the onset of surge rotating or precursor stall established in compressor. In this case the problem consists in detecting of unsteady pressure or velocity fluctuations characteristic signals. Wavelet analysis is the best method for detecting onset of rotating stall in spite of high level of spurious signals (rotating wakes, turbulence, etc.). This method is compatible with state of the art DSP s...
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: This paper investigates torsional vibration and pulsating noise in a dry screw compressor. The compressor is designed at Gardner Denver (GD) and is oil free and use for mounting on highway trucks. They are driven using a Power Take-Off (PTO) transmission and gear box on a truck. Torque peak fluctuation and noise measurements are done and their sources are investigated and reported in this work. To accurately predict the torsional response (frequency and relative angular deflection and torque amplitude), the Holzer method is used. It is shown that the first torsional frequency is manifested as sidebands in the gear train meshing frequencies and this can lead to noise that is the result of amplitude modulation. Sensitivity analysis of the drive train identifies the weakest link in the drive train that limits the first torsional frequency to a low value. Finally, the significance of higher mode shapes on inter-lobe clearance distribution of the rotors is investigated.
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: A volumetric Roots type blower with spur three or two lobes rotors has a high performance at a small unit size and is used mainly at the pressure ratio in the range of 1,4 - 1,6. A significant limitation of this parameter is due to the nature of the compressor working process, in particular a rapid, almost instantaneous increase in the pressure in the working chamber because of back flow. This leads to a decrease in performance and efficiency, and increase of the compressor noise level. One of the ways to overcome this drawback is the use of bypassing of part of compressed and cooled gas at injection through the ejector into the working chamber that is simultaneously disconnected from both discharge and suction. Due to this, the pressure increase process becomes more gradual as related to the rotor angle of rotation, and additional suction of portions of gas from the suction line by ejection effect becomes possible, which increases the efficiency and performance of the compressor...
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: The oil circulation rate (OCR) of the rolling piston rotary compressor is a significant factor which affects the performance of refrigeration system. The increase of oil discharge causes decreasing of the heat transfer efficiency in the heat exchanger, pressure drop and lack of oil in lubricate part in compressor. In this study, the internal flow of compressor was visualized to figure out the oil droplet flow characteristics. The experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted in various frequency of compressor to observe the effect of operation frequency on oil droplet flow characteristics for reducing OCR. In situ, measurement of oil droplet diameter and velocity were conducted by using high speed image visualization and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The flow paths were dominated by copper wire parts driving the motor which was inserted in compressor. In order to verify the reliability of CFD simulation, the tendency of oil flow characteristics...
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Enhancing stall and surge margin has a great importance for the development of turbo compressors. The application of casing treatment is an effective measure to expand the stall margin and stable operation range. Numerical investigations were conducted to predict the performance of a low flow rate centrifugal compressor with circumferential groove casing treatment in vane diffuser. Numerical cases with different radial location, radial width and axial depth of a circumferential single groove and different numbers of circumferential grooves were carried out to compare the results. The CFD analyses results show that the centrifugal compressor with circumferential grooves in diffuser can extend stable range by about 9% while the efficiency over the whole operating range decreases by 0.2 to 1.7%. The evaluation based on stall margin improvement showed the optimal position for the groove to be located was indicated to exist near the leading edge of the diffuser, and a combination of p...
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: In this article a modern and economic method for the strength calculation of the piston rod unit and its components under different operating conditions will be presented. Herefore the commercial FEA - Software will be linked with the company-owned calculation tools. The parametric user input will be followed by an automatic Pre- and Postprocessing. Afterwards the strength calculation is processed on all critical points of the piston rod connection, assisted by an extra module, based on general standards and special codes for reciprocating compressors. In this process most arrangements of the piston rod unit as well as the special geometries of the single-components (piston, piston rod and piston nut) can be considered easily. In this article the modeling of the notches, especially on the piston rod, piston as well as the piston nut will be covered in detail.
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Gas superheating in the suction system may significantly reduce the volumetric and isentropic efficiencies of small reciprocating compressors adopted for household refrigeration. This paper reports a thermal modelling approach developed to predict superheating in an oil- free linear compressor. A simulation code based on the finite volume method was adopted to solve heat conduction in the solid components and gas flow inside the compressor shell. In order to reduce the computational cost, the compression cycle inside the cylinder was modelled with a transient lumped formulation, but in a coupled manner with the remainder of the solution domain. Comparisons between numerical and experimental results of temperature showed discrepancies in some solid components and in the gas path along the discharge system. However, the model was able to predict suction gas superheating in good agreement with measurements. A sensitivity analysis of the temperature distribution with respect to two d...
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: The aim of this paper is to carry out a group of numerical experiments over the fluid flow through a valve reed, using the CFD&HT code TermoFluids, an unstructured and parallel object-oriented CFD code for accurate and reliable solving of industrial flows. Turbulent flow and its solution is a very complex problem due to there is a non-lineal interaction between viscous and inertial effects further complicated by their rotational nature, together with the three-dimensionality inherent in these types of flow and the non-steady state solutions. In this work, different meshes, geometrical conditions and LES turbulence models (WALE, VMS, QR and SIGMA) are tested and results compared. On the other hand, the fluid flow boundary conditions are obtained by means of the numerical simulation model of hermetic reciprocating compressors tool, NEST-compressor code. The numerical results presented are based on a specific geometry, where the valve gap opening percentage is 11% of hole diamet...
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Energy efficiency has been a key issue for screw machines for many years. This article describes a new analytical procedure for determining rolling bearing friction and the use of the procedure for designing compressor bearing supports. Further analytical options for a calculative assessment of the overall efficiency of bearing support alternatives are presented in the design phase based on parameter analyses performed by the BearinX ? calculation software, which includes the new friction calculation by means of a mechanical, tribological model.
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Volumetric expanders are suitable for more and more applications in the field of micro- and small-scale power system as waster heat recovery or solar energy. This paper present an experimental study carried out on a swatch-plate piston expander. The expander was integrated into an ORC test-bench using R245fa. The performances are evaluated in term of isentropic efficiency and filling factor. The maximum efficiency and power reached are respectively 53% and 2 kW. Inside cylinder pressure measurements allow to compute mechanical efficiency and drown P-V diagram. A semi-empirical simulation model is then proposed, calibrated and used to analyse the different sources of losses.
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Basic propositions of calculation procedures for oil free scroll compressors characteristics are presented. It is shown that mathematical modelling of working process in a scroll compressor makes it possible to take into account such factors influencing the working process as heat and mass exchange, mechanical interaction in working chambers, leakage through slots, etc. The basic mathematical model may be supplemented by taking into account external heat exchange, elastic deformation of scrolls, inlet and outlet losses, etc. To evaluate the influence of procedure on scroll compressor characteristics calculations accuracy different calculations were carried out. Internal adiabatic efficiency was chosen as a comparative parameter which evaluates the perfection of internal thermodynamic and gas-dynamic compressor processes. Calculated characteristics are compared with experimental values obtained for the compressor pilot sample.
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: This paper describes a simulation model for small reciprocating compressors with emphasis on the electrical motor modelling. Heat transfer is solved through algebraic equations derived from lumped thermal energy balances applied to the compressor components. Thermal conductances between the motor components are characterized via a thermal network model. The single-phase induction motor is modelled via an equivalent circuit, allowing predictions for the motor performance and distributed losses. The predicted temperature distribution is used to evaluate the stator and rotor windings resistances. The thermal and electric models are solved in a coupled manner with a model for the compression cycle. Predictions of temperature distribution, motor efficiency, as well as isentropic and volumetric efficiencies, are compared with experimental data at different operating conditions. The model is then applied to analyse the motor temperature as a function of input voltage and stator wire dia...
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: A two stage oil free screw compressor package was recently delivered to a major blue chip oil and gas giant for use on one of their oil platforms located in the North Atlantic. During initial design it became clear that the amount of instrumentation required on the package would be substantial. As a result of this an elegant solution was required that would move non-critical inputs and outs (IO) from the control panel to the package itself. This paper first describes the problems caused by the substantial amount of instrumentation required on the package. This description includes how the instrumentation is classed as critical and non-critical and what signals must still be sent over a hard wire and why. As the final location of the package is in an extremely hazardous environment, a highly corrosive marine environment, and the compressor itself is compressing highly combustible hydrocarbon gas, the protection methods employed by the instruments to prevent explosion is then...
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: The 9th International Conference on Compressors and their Systems will be held in London from 5th ? 9th September 2015, and as its Chairman, it is my pleasure to welcome you. This series of conferences started in 1999 organised by the Fluid Machinery Group of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) but since 2009 it has been managed by City University London in conjunction with the IMechE and the Institute of Refrigeration, both of which have been very proactive in promoting it. The Organising committee is grateful for their support and continued encouragement. This year, after rigorous reviewing, we have accepted over 80 technical papers for publication, the highest number in the conference history. On behalf of the organising committee I would like to thank the reviewers for their hard work and assistance. In addition to the main technical sessions, this year we have introduced a third day, specifically for Industry, to consider technology, b...
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  • 96
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    Unknown
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: A list of sponsors and partners is available in the PDF.
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: An investigation was carried out to find the most optimum configuration, particularly the torque matching characteristics, of an integrated Revolving Vane compressor- expander. To carry out the study, a mathematical model of the integrated compressor-expander was developed. An open cycle air refrigeration system was adopted. The controlled parameter was the angle shift between the compressor and the expander. The observed parameters were the peak torque requirement and the bearing load. The results show that when properly matched, the peak torque can be reduced by more than 65% while the bearing loads can be reduced by up to 25%, depending on operating conditions. Unfortunately, the optimum angle shifts for peak torque do not always coincide with those for bearing load. When the pressure and inertial components of the torques are comparable or when the inertial component is dominant, the optimum angle shifts for peak torque and bearing load are around 180? and 330?, respectively....
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: An extremely compact, therefore space saving unitary structure of short axial length is produced by radial integration of a revolving piston rotary compressor and an impeller of a centrifugal fan. The unitary structure employs single motor to run as the compressor so the airflow fan and eliminates duality of motors, related power supply and control elements. Novel revolving piston rotary compressor which provides possibility for such integration comprises the following: a suction gas delivery system which provides cooling of the motor and supplies refrigerant into the suction chamber under higher pressure (supercharged); a modified discharge system and lubricating oil supply system. Axial passages formed in the stationary crankshaft are used to supply discharge gas to a condenser, to return vaporized cooling agent from the evaporator to the suction cavity of the compressor, to pass a lubricant and to accommodate wiring supplying power to the unitary structure driver -external rot...
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Oil injected screw compressors have essentially superseded all other types of compressors in modern helium refrigeration systems due to their large displacement capacity, reliability, minimal vibration, and capability of handling helium's high heat of compression. At the present state of compressor system designs for helium refrigeration systems, typically two-thirds of the lost input power is due to the compression system. It is important to understand the isothermal and volumetric efficiencies of these machines to help properly design the compression system to match the refrigeration process. It is also important to identify those primary compressor skid exergetic loss mechanisms which may be reduced, thereby offering the possibility of significantly reducing the input power to helium refrigeration processes which are extremely energy intensive. This paper summarizes the results collected during the commissioning of the new compressor system for Jefferson Lab's (JLab's) 12 GeV ...
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Gas dynamic design of the pipe line compressor 32 MW was made for PAO SMPO (Sumy, Ukraine). The technical specification requires compressor efficiency of 90%. The customer offered favorable scheme - single-stage design with console impeller and axial inlet. The authors used the standard optimization methodology of 2D impellers. The original methodology of internal scroll profiling was used to minimize efficiency losses. Radically improved 5th version of the Universal modeling method computer programs was used for precise calculation of expected performances. The customer fulfilled model tests in a 1:2 scale. Tests confirmed the calculated parameters at the design point (maximum efficiency of 90%) and in the whole range of flow rates. As far as the authors know none of compressors have achieved such efficiency. The principles and methods of gas-dynamic design are presented below. The data of the 32 MW compressor presented by the customer in their report at the 16 th Inte...
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